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1
Kiviet, Jan F. Higher-order asymptotic expansions of the least-squares estimation bias in first-order dynamic regression models. University of Bristol, Department of Economics, 1996.
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Hughes, Terence J. Holistic ice sheet modeling: A first-order approach. Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
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Padhi, Seshadev, John R. Graef, and P. D. N. Srinivasu. Periodic Solutions of First-Order Functional Differential Equations in Population Dynamics. Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1895-1.
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Subbotin, A. I. Generalized solutions of first-order PDEs: The dynamical optimization perspective. Birkhäuser, 1995.
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Workshop on Dynamics of First Order Phase Transitions (1992 Jülich, Germany). Workshop on dynamics of first order phase transitions: HLRZ, KFA Jülich, Germany, June 1-3, 1992. World Scientific, 1992.
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Spectral analysis, differential equations, and mathematical physics: A festschrift in honor of Fritz Gesztesy's 60th birthday. American Mathematical Society, 2013.
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Southeast Geometry Seminar (15th 2009 University of Alabama at Birmingham). Geometric analysis, mathematical relativity, and nonlinear partial differential equations: Southeast Geometry Seminars Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, and the University of Tennessee, 2009-2011. Edited by Ghomi Mohammad 1969-. American Mathematical Society, 2013.
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Back, Kerry E. Dynamic Portfolio Choice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0009.
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The first‐order condition for optimal portfolio choice is called the Euler equation. Optimal consumption can be computed by a static approach in a dynamic complete market and by orthogonal projection for a quadratic utility investor. Dynamic programming and the Bellman equation are explained. The envelope condition and hedging demands are explained. Investors with CRRA utility have CRRA value functions. Whether the marginal value of wealth is higher for a CRRA investor in good states or in bad states depends on whether risk aversion is less than or greater than 1. With IID returns, the optimal portfolio for a CRRA investor is the same as the optimal portfolio in a single‐period model.
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Teece, David J., and Sohvi Heaton, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Dynamic Capabilities. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199678914.001.0001.
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This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs. In order to make quality strategic decisions, managers need a deep understanding of industry dynamics and enterprise capabilities. In this book, we present a conceptual framework that will help executives lead their organizations in highly competitive global markets. For some, it will change frames of reference and accepted priorities in terms of what’s important for the enterprise to build, own, and manage. Management theory is young and fragmented, and generally not much of a guide for executives, except around certain narrow issues. The framework presented in this volume can be helpful with the big-picture issues. To be useful, a theoretical framework must be flexible enough to provide guidance in a variety of situations. However, the theory must not be so general that it fails to speak to practical management problems. Another useful attribute is parsimony, so that an overwhelming number of variables don’t render analysis an impossible task. This book includes a number of essays about the Dynamic Capabilities Framework (Teece et al., 1990, 1997; Teece, 2007), which increasingly provides an intellectual infrastructure for both theoretical and applied analyses of strategic management and other issues facing business decision makers. Since 2006, articles concerning dynamic capabilities have been published in business and management journals at a rate of more than 100 per year (Di Stefano et al., 2010). And an increasing number of these articles contain new empirical research validating the Dynamic Capabilities approach to competitive advantage. A broad panoply of scholars and executives are contributing to the further development of this framework. This book summarizes and integrates many of these contributions, and this introduction will introduce some of the major themes of the chapters that follow.
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Miyashita, Seiji. Collapse of Metastability: Dynamics of First-Order Phase Transition. Springer, 2022.
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Graef, John R., Seshadev Padhi, and P. D. N. Srinivasu. Periodic Solutions of First-Order Functional Differential Equations in Population Dynamics. Springer London, Limited, 2014.
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Graef, John R., Seshadev Padhi, and P. D. N. Srinivasu. Periodic Solutions of First-Order Functional Differential Equations in Population Dynamics. Springer, 2016.
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Periodic Solutions of First-Order Functional Differential Equations in Population Dynamics. Springer, 2014.
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Subbotin, Andrei I. Generalized Solutions of First Order PDEs: The Dynamical Optimization Perspective. Birkhauser Verlag, 2013.
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Subbotin, Andrei I. Generalized Solutions of First Order Pdes: The Dynamical Optimization Perspective. Birkhäuser, 2013.
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Subbotin, Andrei I. Generalized Solutions of First Order PDEs: The Dynamical Optimization Perspective. Birkhäuser, 2013.
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Jenkins, Mary Ann. The first-order dynamics of synoptic-scale disturbances in the tropical atmosphere. 1986.
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Bedock, Camille. Bundling the Bundles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779582.003.0009.
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The failed constitutional reform and the successful electoral reform occurring in Italy between 2003 and 2006 constitute archetypical examples of the dynamics behind divisive institutional reforms conducted through a majoritarian process. The main argument of this chapter is that the very presence of four coalition partners with different priorities has led to the formulation and negotiation of an ever wider bundle of institutional reforms. First, this large bundle has been built in order to accommodate the diverging priorities and preferences of the government coalition by giving something to each party. Second, the very dynamic of trade-offs and the anticipation of the effects of the reforms have led the reformers to include more and more provisions in the deal, eventually evidencing the crucial importance of time management in the final outcome of the two reforms.
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Subbotin, Andrei I. Generalized Solutions of First Order PDEs: The Dynamical Optimization Perspective (Systems & Control: Foundations & Applications). Birkhäuser Boston, 1994.
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(Editor), F. Karsch, ed. Workshop on Dynamics of First Order Phase Transitions: Hlrz, Kfa Julich, Germany June 1-3, 1992. World Scientific Pub Co Inc, 1993.
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Lu, Zhong-Lin, and George Sperling. Attention-Generated Apparent Motion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0072.
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This chapter explores attention-generated apparent motion. A flickering display can seem to appear to move in opposite directions depending on which feature the observer attends to in the display. The illusory motion, generated by attention, demonstrates the mechanism of the third-order motion system: a dynamic salience map of the locations of the most salient stimulus features is determined jointly by stimulus strength (bottom-up) and by selective attention (top-down). Motion is computed directly and automatically from the salience map. Concepts covered in this chapter include apparent motion, first-order motion and second-order motion, feature tracking, salience maps, bottom-up processing, and top-down processing.
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Pfister, Thomas, and Martin Schweighofer. Energy Cultures as Sociomaterial Orders of Energy. Edited by Debra J. Davidson and Matthias Gross. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190633851.013.10.
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This chapter discusses energy systems and energy transformations from a perspective on culture. First, it outlines three essential elements of energy cultures: everyday practices as ground layer, collective representations of the order of energy as second layer, and knowledge as a dynamic link mediating between these layers. The subsequent two sections use the examples of sustainable electricity in the European Union and Germany, as well as various efforts to create more sustainable ways of heating and housing, to illustrate how energy cultures operate and how they become particularly visible when contested. The suggested perspective, therefore, analyzes such transformations in terms of knowledge struggles in which different actors seek to promote their envisioned energy cultures. Utilizing specific knowledge-centered practices, these actors attempt to intervene in everyday practices of energy production, use, and distribution, as well as in collective representations of the roles, values, and meanings of energy within a society.
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Back, Kerry E. Alternative Preferences. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0025.
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The Allais and Ellsberg paradoxes are presented. Various generalizations of expected utility motivated by these and other paradoxes are discussed, including betweenness preferences, rank‐dependent preferences, multiple prior max‐min preferences, and prospect theory. For betweenness preferences, which include weighted utility and disappointment aversion, an investor’s marginal utility is proportional to a stochastic discount factor. Disappointment averse utility and rank‐dependent utility have first‐order risk aversion. Multiple prior max‐min utility is one way to accomodate the Ellsberg paradox (ambiguity aversion or Knightian uncertainty). The dynamic consistency of updating multiple priors is discussed.
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Henriksen, Niels E., and Flemming Y. Hansen. Theories of Molecular Reaction Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805014.001.0001.
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This book deals with a central topic at the interface of chemistry and physics—the understanding of how the transformation of matter takes place at the atomic level. Building on the laws of physics, the book focuses on the theoretical framework for predicting the outcome of chemical reactions. The style is highly systematic with attention to basic concepts and clarity of presentation. Molecular reaction dynamics is about the detailed atomic-level description of chemical reactions. Based on quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics or, as an approximation, classical mechanics, the dynamics of uni- and bimolecular elementary reactions are described. The first part of the book is on gas-phase dynamics and it features a detailed presentation of reaction cross-sections and their relation to a quasi-classical as well as a quantum mechanical description of the reaction dynamics on a potential energy surface. Direct approaches to the calculation of the rate constant that bypasses the detailed state-to-state reaction cross-sections are presented, including transition-state theory, which plays an important role in practice. The second part gives a comprehensive discussion of basic theories of reaction dynamics in condensed phases, including Kramers and Grote–Hynes theory for dynamical solvent effects. Examples and end-of-chapter problems are included in order to illustrate the theory and its connection to chemical problems. The book has ten appendices with useful details, for example, on adiabatic and non-adiabatic electron-nuclear dynamics, statistical mechanics including the Boltzmann distribution, quantum mechanics, stochastic dynamics and various coordinate transformations including normal-mode and Jacobi coordinates.
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Hughes, Christopher W. Japan’s Remilitarization and Constitutional Revision. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037894.003.0007.
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This chapter reevaluates the use of remilitarization in order to understand the contemporary trajectory of Japanese security policy and to demonstrate its strengths. The application of the term “remilitarization” can provide a powerful analytical and theoretical framework to discern the nature and significance of Japan's changing security policy. First, the concept of remilitarization assists in identifying those military components present in all societies, including Japan, that are subject to contestation and thus open the way to substantive change in military security policy. Second, the concept of remilitarization as a dynamic process over time is an important reminder to search for the possibilities of significant change in a society's military stance.
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Besson, Samantha, and Jean d’Aspremont, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Sources of International Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198745365.001.0001.
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The question of the sources of international law inevitably raises some well-known scholarly controversies: where do the rules of international law come from? Through which processes are they made? How are they ascertained? Where does the international legal order begin and end? These traditional questions bear on at least two different levels of understanding. First, how are international norms validated as rules of international ‘law’, i.e. legally binding norms? This is the static question of the pedigree of international legal rules and the boundaries of the international legal order. Secondly, what are the processes through which these rules are made? This is the dynamic question of the making of these rules and of the exercise of public authority in international law. This book explores the various facets of the sources of international law. It provides a systematic overview of the key issues and debates around the sources of international law, including recent contestations thereof. It also offers an authoritative theoretical guide for anyone studying or working within but also outside international law wishing to understand one of its most fundamental questions.
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Kim, Hyoun K., Joann Wu Shortt, Stacey S. Tiberio, and Deborah M. Capaldi. Aggression and Coercive Behaviors in Early Adult Relationships. Edited by Thomas J. Dishion and James Snyder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199324552.013.14.
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Aggression and coercive behaviors in the form of physical assaults, psychological aggression, and sexual coercion—often referred to as intimate partner violence (IPV)—are highly prevalent in couples during early adulthood (ages 18 through 29 years). Although such IPV has long been recognized as a major public health problem, the existing intervention programs have shown limited effects. Since the late 1990s researchers have sought to identify more nuanced developmental pathways and interactional processes of IPV in young couples in order to better inform prevention and intervention efforts. This chapter first discusses characteristics of IPV in early adulthood and then outlines key assumptions of the dynamic developmental systems model, an extension of coercion theory, as a framework for understanding the development of IPV. It then provides relevant empirical findings from the Oregon Youth Study–Couples Study. We also discuss clinical implications of the findings from our work.
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Harmon, Alexandra J. Indians in the Marketplace. Edited by Frederick E. Hoxie. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858897.013.33.
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This survey of economic history emphasizes American Indians’ varied and varying responses to profit-oriented economic practices introduced by non-Indians. It depicts aboriginal Indian economies as diverse and dynamic though modeled on kin relations and reciprocity. European colonial settlements and Euro-Americans’ ultimate hegemony, fueled by commercial market relations and capitalist development, eventually undermined every indigenous population’s self-sufficiency. Most Indians consequently fell into poverty, but not for lack of strategic and sometimes rewarding engagement with the new market economy. Indians’ many adaptive strategies have included participation in commercial trade, wage labor, and manufacturing, often in order to supplement traditional subsistence practices and further Indian ideals. The chapter stresses that United States policies and law first facilitated the massive transfer of Indian land and resources to non-Indians, but that more recent policy changes and court rulings have enabled some Indians to recoup wealth by operating tribe-owned enterprises.
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Körösényi, András, Péter Ondré, and András Hajdú. A “Meteoric” Career in Hungarian Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783848.003.0005.
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The central puzzle of this chapter is the meteoric rise and abrupt fall in the popularity of Ferenc Gyurcsány, the Hungarian prime minister between 2004 and 2009. The chapter applies the LCI to explain this riddle by analyzing his prime-ministerial career. The chapter also aims to contribute to the methodological refinement of the LCI. First, it introduces a milestone approach, which sets the data for six crucial moments in Gyurcsány’s political career to make the LCI a dynamic tool for the analysis. Second, in order to improve the reliability of the method and exclude researcher bias, it replaces researcher judgment with expert judgment in the cases of communicative performance and management skills, and with the fulfillment rate of the legislative program in the case of parliamentary effectiveness. The result of the research diverges from our initial expectations, since the aggregate value of the LCI decreased only rather moderately.
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Westerhoff, Frank, and Reiner Franke. Agent-Based Models for Economic Policy Design. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.40.
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With the help of two examples, this chapter illustrates the usefulness of agent-based models as tools for economic policy design. The first example applies a financial market model in which the order flow of speculators, relying on technical and fundamental analysis, generates intricate price dynamics. The second example applies a Keynesian-type goods market model in which the investment behavior of firms, relying on extrapolative and regressive predictors, generates complex business cycles. It adds a central authority to these two setups and explores the impact of simple intervention strategies on the model dynamics. On the basis of these experiments, the chapter concludes that agent-based models may help us understand how markets function and evaluate the effectiveness of various stabilization policies.
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Brock, Fred V., and Scott J. Richardson. Meteorological Measurement Systems. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195134513.001.0001.
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This book treats instrumentation used in meteorological surface systems, both on the synoptic scale and the mesoscale, and the instrumentation used in upper air soundings. The text includes material on first- and second-order differential equations as applied to instrument dynamic performance, and required solutions are developed. Sensor physics are emphasized in order to explain how sensors work and to explore the strengths and weaknesses of each design type. The book is organized according to sensor type and function (temperature, humidity, and wind sensors, for example), though several unifying themes are developed for each sensor. Functional diagrams are used to portray sensors as a set of logical functions, and static sensitivity is derived from a sensor's transfer equation, focusing attention on sensor physics and on ways in which particular designs might be improved. Sensor performance specifications are explored, helping to compare various instruments and to tell users what to expect as a reasonable level of performance. Finally, the text examines the critical area of environmental exposure of instruments. In a well-designed, properly installed, and well-maintained meteorological measurement system, exposure problems are usually the largest source of error, making this chapter one of the most useful sections of the book.
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Gauthier, Christopher R., and Jennifer Mcfarlane-Harris. Nationalism, Racial Difference, and “Egyptian” Meaning in Verdi’s Aida. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036781.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the dynamics of race and race relations in Giuseppe Verdi's Aida in the context of nationalism in nineteenth-century Egypt. The world premiere of Aida took place at the Cairo Opera House on December 24, 1871. However, there seems to be little information available on the opera's Cairo production, particularly with regards to Egyptian reaction to this first performance. Focusing on its Cairo premiere, this chapter analyzes Aida's libretto and music in order to elucidate the workings of racial difference as it lies on the surface of the opera. It suggests that, for Egyptians, Aida may have spoken to a sense of emergent Egyptian identity. It also reveals Aida's racial dynamics by linking it to discourses of light-skinned Egyptian superiority and dark-skinned African inferiority. Furthermore, the relationships between characters in the opera highlight the specificities of Egypt's relations with its racial-national Others, implying a larger project of Egyptian identity formation through “racial fabrication.”
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Yesil, Bilge. The AKP Era. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040177.003.0005.
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This chapter begins with an analysis of the shifts in global and local conjunctures that facilitated the Islamist AKP's (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi or Justice and Development Party) rise to power, followed by an overview of its neoliberal and pro-EU policies during its first term. It then explores how the anti-Western and anti-globalization currents became substantial elements of media, politics, and culture in the twenty-first century. Local and international developments—such as the EU accession process, the relative easing of restrictions on Kurdish cultural rights, the US invasion of Iraq, the emergence of a revisionist discourse on the Armenian genocide, and the entry of foreign media companies into the Turkish market—began to engender fears and anxieties among the nationalists about the decline of the Turkish state. Through the lens of these developments, the chapter discusses the tensions between globalizing and statist dynamics as well as the AKP's consolidation of the authoritarian neoliberal order.
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Taylor, Ula Y. Too Black and Too Strong. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036453.003.0015.
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This chapter attempts to engage the racist assumptions held by many Americans about a black woman's ability to be First Lady and about the appropriateness of an African American First Family. Michelle Obama has been an essential complement to Barack Obama, a candidate viewed as a postracial phenomenon. She has helped her husband win the credibility and trust of many African Americans because of her firm and confident racial identity, her rootedness in Chicago's African American community, and her upholding of the values central to her own family. However, functioning as the perfect partner to Barack has come at an enormous price for Michelle. It seems an all too familiar paradox that given the persistent power of racial and gender dynamics in this country, Michelle Obama must button down her exceptional education and career background, and the “too much blackness” so essential to her identity, in order to secure Barack's presidential bid.
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Bhat, P. Ishwara. Idea and Methods of Legal Research. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199493098.001.0001.
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Legal research examines subject matter enshrouded in social circumstances in order to conceptualize theories and prepare a future course of action. This dynamic, inter-disciplinary, and labyrinthine character of legal research requires researchers to be fluid, eclectic, and analytical in their approach. Idea and Methods of Legal Research unearths how the thinking process is to be streamlined in research, how a theme is built on the basis of comprehensive and intensive study, and the paths through which notions of objectivity, feminism, ethics, and purposive character of knowledge are to be understood. The book first explains the meaning, evolution, and scope of legal research, and discusses objectivity and ethics in legal research. It engages with the requirements, advantages, and limits of various doctrinal and non-doctrinal methods and tools, and the points to be considered in selecting a suitable method or combination of methods. It highlights analytical, historical, philosophical, comparative, qualitative, and quantitative methods of legal research. The book then goes on to discuss the use of multi-method legal research, policy research, action research, and feminist legal research and finally, reflects on research-based critical legal writing, as opposed to client-related legal writing. This book, thus, is a comprehensive answer to key questions one faces in legal research.
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Ogorzalek, Thomas K. Ties That Bind. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190668877.003.0004.
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This empirical chapter explores the dynamics of city delegation theory, the glue that helps hold together the urban political order’s pieces. The first half of the chapter takes a close look at the New York and Chicago city delegations in action, emphasizing the role of different institutions in holding the delegations together. The second half of the chapter includes statistical tests of city delegation theory, including an innovative dyadic framework, demonstrating that strong local institutions are associated with greater delegation cohesion. Together, these analyses illustrate that city representatives defend the interests of not only their own constituencies, but of their entire city. The analyses also show that the strength of local institutions of horizontal integration (IHIs) developed to order local government, also promote delegation cohesion in national representation.
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Zhao, Li. Agricultural Co-operatives in China. Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.36.
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Co-operatives have played a significant role in the agricultural sector in China, particularly since the promulgation of a first national co-operative law in 2007. This chapter offers an analysis of the evolution, diversity, and dynamics of agricultural co-operatives in contemporary China and the institutional environments in which the development of these organizations took place. A multi-dimensional typology of co-operatives is proposed in order to provide a framework of analysis. This analysis enables one to understand the diversified driving forces, the operational patterns, and the organizational missions of agricultural co-operatives in China. The significant contributions provided by each type of co-operative to poverty reduction, work integration, and local community development is emphasized. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the challenges and opportunities for Chinese co-operatives’ future development.
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Kottman, Paul A. Duel. Edited by Henry S. Turner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199641352.013.21.
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This chapter examines what it calls ‘philosophical dramaturgy’—a challenge to theatricality that comes from a powerful philosophical appropriation of drama—and its claim that drama, as a mode of human self-understanding, can and does free itself from needing re-enactment or sensuous expression in order to present an understanding of human agency, historical existence, and inter-personal dynamics. The chapter first considers a few aspects of the philosophical accounts of drama of Aristotle and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel before discussing an instance of ‘philosophical dramaturgy’ in modern philosophy: the presentation of the life-and-death struggle (or ‘duel’) in Thomas Hobbes’sLeviathanand Hegel’sPhenomenology of Spirit. It then looks at William Shakespeare’s response to philosophical dramaturgy and shows how he presents us with a kind of infinite theatricality that is no less philosophical but that differs absolutely in its mode.
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Lazzarini, Isabella, ed. The Later Middle Ages. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198731641.001.0001.
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Of all the sub-periods in which European medieval history has been divided over time, the later middle ages is possibly the one on which the burden of past and current grand narratives weighs the most. Its chronological and geopolitical boundaries are in fact shaped by a heavy narrative of decline or transition, and consequently this period is often interpreted through the lenses of previous or following developments, becoming in turn the tail-end of the ‘feudal’, ‘communal’, ‘imperial versus papal’ era or the announcement of modernity. There is therefore an urgent need to revise and rewrite the story of the later Middle Ages, and in order to do so, to forge new critical and technical vocabularies not derived from the study of other periods. By adopting a conscious approach towards temporal and spatial variety, and by breaking the traditional and unitary narrative of decline and transition into one of many changes and continuities, this book charts the principal developments of late medieval Europe while opening up to different political cultures and societies, throwing new light on older concepts, and revealing analogies and differences with other geopolitical contexts. Including maps, illustrations, a detailed chronology and a rich range of reading suggestions, this book aims at providing a first introduction to a very complex, dynamic, and fascinating period for Europe and beyond.
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Williams, Paul D. Stalemate. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724544.003.0004.
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This chapter analyses AMISOM’s challenges in Mogadishu after Ethiopia’s withdrawal. The first section summarizes conflict dynamics in Mogadishu while the second examines the state of AMISOM’s main partner: the second iteration of the Transitional Government under President Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed. It focuses on the government’s (failed) attempts to build an effective set of security forces and some of the challenges this posed for AMISOM. The third section analyses the UN Security Council’s decision to establish a Support Office for AMISOM (UNSOA) in 2009, in order to provide AMISOM with better logistical support. The final section discusses how during the second half of 2010 the political and military balance began to tilt in AMISOM’s favour as a result of two major blunders made by al-Shabaab, namely, the decision to bomb civilian targets in Kampala, Uganda, and the failure of its 2010 Ramadan offensive in Mogadishu.
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Constantakopoulou, Christy. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787273.003.0006.
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This chapter provides a summary of the previous case studies. It discusses the four networks examined over the course of the book,. The first case study explores the history of the Islanders’ League. It proposes that the League is the expression of a strong regional island identity. The second case study focuses on the history of monumentalization of Delos. By exploring the different funding sources for building activity on Delos, it shows the active engagement of the Delian community, the Hellenistic kings, and other non-royal individuals in the monumentalization processes. The third case study examines the Delian network of honours which was geographically immense, with the southern Aegean as the primary region of local interaction, and with specific clustering beyond this primary region. The fourth case study focuses on the evidence of the Delian inventories in order to reconstruct the social dynamics of dedication.
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Altenmüller, Eckart, and Sabine Schneider. Planning and performance. Edited by Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, and Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0031.
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Making music is one of the most demanding tasks for the human central nervous system. It involves the precise execution of very fast and, in many instances, extremely complex physical movements that must be coordinated with continuous auditory feedback. Practice is required to develop these skills and carry out these complex tasks. This article discusses the neurobiological foundations of planning, motor learning, and practice. The first section introduces essential general information for musical readers concerning the organization of cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar motor systems in the brain. The second section addresses the brain processes during acquisition of skilled movements in music making and demonstrates the dynamics of neuronal networks. The third section reports new findings on practice strategies and performance quality. The fourth section presents the causes of degradation of skilled movements in professional musicians. The article concludes with some comments concerning the significance of results of brain research in order to improve practice habits and performance in musicians.
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Alpaugh, Micah. A Personal Revolution. Edited by David Andress. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639748.013.011.
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The politics of 1789 cannot be understood without considering the psychology and group dynamics of France’s national legislators. Facing an unexpectedly large power vacuum at Versailles as the Estates-General commenced, Third Estate-led legislators would increasingly assert their own sovereignty and expand an agenda initially centred on financial reform into a thorough revolution of French politics and culture. Operating in dialogue with broader sets of revolutionary actors, both stimulating and reacting to outside changes, legislators forged a new rights-based order which virtually all agreed to support by late 1789. This process inspired a ‘personal revolution’ for many deputies: men who were previously pillars of Old Regime society broke with prior societal and emotional constraints to create the most radical revolution yet seen. Understanding the first National Assembly requires comprehending the backgrounds and experiences of its 1200 members, and the stresses of the complex political and social processes which drove such events forward.
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Conrad, Sebastian, and Philipp Ther. On the Move: Mobility, Migration, and Nation, 1880–1948. Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0025.
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This article charts the trajectories of this cross-border mobility, both inward and outward-bound, keeping three general issues in mind. After the late nineteenth century, Germany was on the move. Population growth, the increasing pull of the cities, and economic opportunities in the industrial centers all contributed to a flight of people from rural areas. These massive and frequently overlapping forms of mobility demonstrate the degree to which German history was embedded in transnational processes. Migration was one of the forms through which large segments of the population experienced global entanglement first hand. Mobility connected different levels of experience and tied the local and regional to the national and the global. Secondly, migration was framed in the logic of economic order and labor markets. Mobility operated in a contested field in which the dynamics of cross-border movement constantly undermined, and at the same time dialectically reinforced, senses of nationality. This article concludes with a note on mass migration during and after the Second World War.
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Hobson, John M., George Lawson, and Justin Rosenberg. Historical Sociology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.403.
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Over the past 20 years, historical sociology in international relations (HSIR) has contributed to a number of debates, ranging from examination of the origins of the modern states system to unraveling the core features and relative novelty of the contemporary historical period. By the late 1980s and 1990s, a small number of IR scholars drew explicitly on historical sociological insights in order to counter the direction that the discipline was taking under the auspices of the neo-neo debate. Later scholars moved away from examining the specific interconnections between international geopolitics and domestic social change. A further difference that marked this second wave from the first was that it was driven principally by IR scholars working within IR. To date, HSIR has sought to reveal not only the different forms that international systems have taken in the past, but also the ways in which the modern system cannot be treated as an ontological given. Historical sociologists in IR are unanimous in asserting that rethinking the constitutive properties and dynamics of the contemporary system can be successfully achieved only by applying what amounts to a more sensitive “nontempocentric” historical sociological lens. At the same time, by tracing the historical sociological origins of the present international order, HSIR scholars are able to reveal some of the continuities between the past and the present, thereby dispensing with the dangers of chronofetishism.
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Brown, Kate Pride. Saving the Sacred Sea. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190660949.001.0001.
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Lake Baikal is like no place on Earth. More than a mile deep, Baikal contains a fifth of the world’s freshwater. Thousands of endemic species reside in its watershed. It is an ecological treasure trove and a natural reservoir of global proportions. The region is also home to a strong environmentalist community that works tirelessly to protect Baikal from human harm. Environmentalists around Baikal began their campaign in the late 1950s, sparking the first national protest against the Soviet government’s planned industrial development. They have remained active in some form ever since, across the years of chaos, instability, and crisis: from Russia’s opening to the forces of globalization through the authoritarianism of Putin in the present. This book examines the struggle of Baikal environmentalists across these periods in order to develop a new understanding of civil society under conditions of globalization and authoritarianism. Through extended, historically informed ethnographic analysis, the book reveals that civil society is engaged with political and economic elites in a dynamic struggle within a field of power. Understanding the broader field of power helps to explain a number of apparent contradictions surrounding civil society and environmentalism. For example, why does civil society seem to both bolster democracy and threaten it? Why do capitalist corporations and environmental organizations form partnerships despite their general hostility toward each other? And why has democracy proven to be so elusive in Russia? The field of power posits new answers to these questions, as Baikal environmental activists struggle to protect and save their Sacred Sea.
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Kay, Tamara, and R. L. Evans. Trade Battles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847432.001.0001.
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How did activists create a dynamic broad-based movement during NAFTA negotiations that politicized trade, making it a contentious issue for the first time in history? And how did their NAFTA mobilization influence trade policy and set the stage for future battles over trade? Trade Battles answers these questions using data from over 200 in-depth interviews, contributing to a vibrant and burgeoning literature that tries to understand how civil society shapes state policy. Trade Battles shows how activists created a new set of institutionalized and disruptive strategies around trade that leveraged broader cleavages across state and nonstate arenas. Activists exploited these leverage points by mobilizing across them, which enabled them to politicize trade policy and influence the content of the agreement itself. So powerful was activists’ pushback against NAFTA that future administrations closed many state institutional channels in order to thwart public opposition, curtailing public access, participation, and input. This forced activists to try to kill many subsequent trade agreements whole cloth rather than improve them, as they did during the NAFTA struggle. The analysis in Trade Battles therefore shows that the NAFTA battle was less about trade policy than the role of democratic state institutions in policymaking. By exposing the linkages between institutional opportunities and democratic practices, Trade Battles reveals how critical state institutions are for activists’ efforts to shape not only trade policy, but a plethora of international policies from climate change to migration. When the state closes institutions, it effectively severs policymaking from democratic intervention.
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Richter, Klaus. Fragmentation in East Central Europe. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843559.001.0001.
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The First World War led to a radical reshaping of Europe’s political borders like hardly any previous event. Nowhere was this transformation more profound than in East Central Europe, where the collapse of imperial rule led to the emergence of a series of new states. New borders intersected centuries-old networks of commercial, cultural, and social exchange. The new states had to face the challenges posed by territorial fragmentation and at the same time establish durable state structures within an international order that viewed them at best as weak and at worst as provisional entities that would sooner or later be reintegrated into their larger neighbours’ territory. Fragmentation in East Central Europe challenges the traditional view that the emergence of these states was the product of a radical rupture that naturally led from defunct empires to nation states. Using the example of Poland and the Baltic States, it retraces the roots of the interwar states of East Central Europe, of their policies, economic developments, and of their conflicts back to deep in the First World War. At the same time, it shows that these states learned to harness the dynamics caused by territorial fragmentation, thus forever changing our understanding of what modern states can do.
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Willermet, Cathy, and Andrea Cucina, eds. Bioarchaeology of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056005.001.0001.
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Bioarchaeology of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica presents work from both Mesoamerican-based and U.S.-based researchers who use a combination of cultural ethnohistorical, (bio)archaeological, dental, and chemical data in an interdisciplinary approach to research population history in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. The goals for such a project are threefold: 1) to encourage more cross-fertilization of work between fields and subfields, in order to more appropriately address large regional questions of population history; 2) to explicitly address the theoretical and methodological challenges and rewards of interdisciplinary research; and 3) to introduce a larger audience to the state of interdisciplinary work in Mesoamerica. The volume is organized into three primary sections. First, the editors discuss the theory and methods of interdisciplinary research, with a particular focus on bioarchaeological research. Then, we present authored case studies using interdisciplinary methods to analyze the population dynamics of migration and mobility (section two) and explore reconstructions of ethnicity and social identity (section three). A concluding chapter integrates these studies and places them into a broader research framework to guide future research.
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Vignal, Leïla. War-Torn. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197619988.001.0001.
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Syria as we knew it does not exist anymore. However, all conflicts change countries and their societies. Such an obvious statement needs to be unpacked in specific relation to Syria. What has happened, what does it mean, and what comes next? In order to consider the future of Syria, it is crucial to assess not only what has been destroyed, but also how it was destroyed. It is equally vital to address the structural and possibly enduring results of large-scale destruction and displacement. These dynamics are not only at play in Syrian society, but are tearing at the economic fabric and very territorial integrity of the country. If war is a powerful process of human and material destruction, it is equally a powerful process of spatial, social and economic reconfiguration. Nor does it stop at national borders--the unravelling of Syria, and of the idea of Syria, has affected and will continue to affect the entire Middle East. War-Torn explores these transformations and the processes that fuel them. It is an indispensable account throwing light on neglected aspects of the Syrian war, and a much-needed contribution to our understanding of conflicts in the twenty-first century.