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1
Krippner, Janine Barbara. "Ngauruhoe inner crater volcanic processes of the 1954-1955 and 1974-1975 eruptions." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2760.
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Ngauruhoe is an active basaltic andesite to andesite composite cone volcano at the southern end of the Tongariro volcanic complex, and most recently erupted in 1954-55 and 1974-75. These eruptions constructed the inner crater of Ngauruhoe, largely composed of 1954-55 deposits, which are the basis of this study. The inner crater stratigraphy, exposed on the southern wall, is divided into seven lithostratigraphic units (A to G), while the northern stratigraphy is obscured by the inward collapse of the crater rim. The units are, from oldest to youngest: Unit A, (17.5 m thick), a densely agglutinated spatter deposit with sharp clast outlines; Unit B, (11.2 m) a thick scoria lapilli deposit with local agglutination and scattered spatter bombs up to 1 m in length; Unit C, (6.4 m thick) a clastogenic lava deposit with lateral variations in agglutination; and Unit D, (10 m thick) a scoria lapilli with varying local agglutination. The overlying Unit E (15 cm thick) is a fine ash fallout bed that represents the final vulcanian phase of the 1954-55 eruption. Unit F is a series of six lapilli and ash beds that represent the early vulcanian episode of the 1974-75 eruption. The uppermost Unit G (averaging 10 m thick) is a densely agglutinated spatter deposit that represents the later strombolian phase of the 1974-75 eruption. Units A-D juvenile clasts are porphyritic, with phenocrysts of plagioclase, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, minor olivine, within a microlitic glassy groundmass. Quartzose and greywacke xenoliths are common in most units, and are derived from the underlying basement. The 1954-55 and 1974-75 eruptions are a product of a short-lived, continental arc medium-K calc-alkaline magma. The magma originated from the mantle, then filtered through the crust, undergoing assimilation and fractionation, and evolving to basaltic andesite and andesite compositions. The magma body stagnated in shallow reservoirs where it underwent further crustal assimilation and fractionation of plagioclase and olivine, and homogenisation through magma mixing. Prior to the 1954-55 eruption a more primitive magma body was incorporated into the melt. The melt homogenised and fed both the 1954-55 and 1974-75 eruptions, with a residence time of at least 20 years. The 1954-55 eruption produced alternating basaltic andesite and andesite strombolian activity and more intense fire fountaining, erupting scoria and spatter that built up the bulk of the inner crater. A period of relative quiescence allowed the formation of a cooled, solid cap rock that resulted in the accumulation of pressure due to volatile exsolution and bubble coalescence. The fracturing of the cap rock then resulted in a vulcanian eruption, depositing a thin layer of fine ash and ballistic blocks. The 1974-75 eruption commenced with the rupturing of the near-solid cap rock from the 1954-55 eruption in an explosive vulcanian blast, the result of decompressional volatile exsolution and bubble coalescence, and possible magma-water interaction. The eruption later changed to strombolian style, producing a clastogenic lava that partially flowed back into the crater.
2
Wilkin, Katherine M. "MIMICKING FIRE FOR POST-MINING RESTORATION SUCCESS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/157.
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This study is based at Rocky Canyon Quarry (RCQ), a 200-acre granite aggregate open-pit quarry with chaparral-dominated plant communities located in San Luis Obispo County, CA. At RCQ, the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (SMARA) of 1975 was interpreted as restoring the landscape to native plant communities. Native plant community restoration projects have occurred there since 1993 through cooperation with California Polytechnic State University Biology Department in San Luis Obispo, CA. I evaluated past restoration at RCQ and researched new techniques to improve chaparral restoration based on the natural processes of fire.
Chaparral is an important fire-dominated plant community within the California Floristic Province, which covers about seven percent of California. Typically during a fire, heat immediately acts on Adenostoma fasciculatum (Chamise) seeds/m2 in the soil seed bank. Smoke also reaches seeds on and near the soil surface. Chemical effects of fire, such as smoke and charcoal, are deposited on the soil surface and leach into the seed bank after fall rains. In nature, this results in enhanced germination of the seeds and the beginning of chaparral post-fire succession. Fire effects, both heat and chemical, have been supported to increase seed germination in numerous laboratory and field studies. I sought to utilize natural fire cues, such as heat, charate, and liquid smoke, to develop successful and efficient restoration prescriptions. The most successful restoration technique developed utilized Wright’s Liquid Smoke and heat to increase seed germination of Adenostoma fasciculatum (Chamise), Ceanothus cuneatus (California lilac), and Salvia mellifera (Black Sage) significantly. A new restoration prescription for RCQ based on literature reviews and the above mentioned research is presented.
3
Jové, i. Vidal Leonard. "Seguretat pública, higienisme i benestar social. El procés històric de formació del cos de bombers de Lleida, 1840-1975." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671486.
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Aquesta tesi explica la formació i el desenvolupament de la companyia de bombers
de la ciutat de Lleida, un procés que comprèn des de la segona meitat del segle xix i
fins al darrer quart del xx. Es tracta d’una investigació que, per tal d’aprofundir en la
totalitat de l’objecte d’estudi, s’ha plantejat des de dues perspectives diferents que
resulten, però, complementàries.
En primer lloc, s’ha caracteritzat la vessant institucional on s’inclou l’anàlisi del
finançament i la conjuntura política que ha sustentat el cos, els reglaments que l’han
organitzat, el personal que l’ha format, els recursos materials que ha disposat i els
serveis que ha prestat. En segon lloc, s’ha situat la companyia en l’entorn social de
cada conjuntura històrica, presentant-la com una nova i necessària eina d’afermament
de la seguretat pública que creixia en conjunció amb altres polítiques de caire
cívic com l’higienisme i un nou urbanisme. Tot plegat, desenvolupat en el context de
transformació urbana que va significar el pas des d’una ciutat d’Antic Règim a una
nova urbs burgesa amb estructures pensades per a possibilitar l’expansió del capitalisme.
Ben entrat el segle xx –sobretot a partir de la segona meitat de la centúria–,
el servei d’extinció d’incendis evoluciona cap a noves funcions que complementen
la protecció ciutadana tradicional i que el situen en l’àmbit del benestar social. La
fonamentació heurística del treball se centra en el buidat de fonts procedents dels
arxius locals, majoritàriament de l’arxiu de la Paeria de Lleida i en fonts d’hemeroteca
relacionades amb cada fase cronològica del treball .<br>Esta tesis explica la formación y el desarrollo de la compañía de bomberos de la
ciudad de Lleida, un proceso que comprende desde la segunda mitad del siglo xix
hasta el último cuarto del xx. Se trata de una investigación que, con la intención
de profundizar en la totalidad del objeto de estudio, se ha planteado desde dos
perspectivas diferentes pero que resultan complementarias.
En primer lugar, se ha caracterizado la vertiente institucional donde se incluye el
análisis financiero y la coyuntura política que ha sustentado al cuerpo, los reglamentos
que lo han organizado, el personal que lo ha formado, los recursos materiales
de los que ha dispuesto y los servicios que ha prestado. En segundo lugar, se ha
situado la compañía en el entorno social de cada coyuntura histórica, presentándola
como una nueva y necesaria herramienta de afianzamiento de la seguridad pública
que crecía en conjunción con otras políticas de cariz cívico como el higienismo y un
nuevo urbanismo. Todo ello, desarrollado en el contexto de transformación urbana
que significó el paso desde una ciudad de Antiguo Régimen a una nueva urbe burguesa
con estructuras pensadas en hacer posible la expansión del capitalismo. Ya
avanzado el siglo xx –sobretodo a partir de la segunda mitad de la centuria–, el servicio
de extinción de incendios evoluciona hacia nuevas funciones que complementan
la protección ciudadana tradicional y que lo sitúan en el ámbito del bienestar social.
La fundamentación heurística del trabajo se basa en el vaciado de fuentes procedentes
de archivos locales, mayoritariamente del archivo de la Paeria de Lleida y en
fuentes de hemeroteca relacionadas con cada fase cronológica del trabajo.<br>This thesis tells us about the formation and development of Lleida’s fire brigade,
a process which takes in from the nineteenth century second half till the twentieth
century final years. It is a research that, in order to go deeply into the subject of study
itself, has been proposed from two different, but supplementary, approaches.
Firstly, it distinguishes the institutional viewpoint which includes the financial analysis
and the political situation which has held up the brigade, the regulation applied to
organize it, its crew, material resources that have been used, as well as the service
offered. Secondly, the brigade has been part of the social background during each
historical situation, being considered as a new and necessary tool to strengthen
public security and which has grown along other public spirited policies such as hygienism
and new urban development. All together, it developed in a context of town
planning transformation which led an Old Regime town into a new middle class town,
whose structures were thought to enable capitalism to spread. Well into the twentieth
century- mainly from the second half onward- the fire-extinguishing service takes up
new functions which round off the traditional citizenship protection and advances into
the social welfare field.
The heuristic groundwork of this essay is based on the analysis of sources from local
archives, mainly those of the Paeria in Lleida (townhall), but also newspapers and
periodical archives concerning each one of the chronological periods shown in this
work.
4
Small, Erin D. "Fire Ecology in the Acadian Spruce-Fir Region and Vegetation Dynamics Following the Baxter Park Fire of 1977." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SmallED2004.pdf.
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Dunbar, Cameron A. "Walking a Fine Line: Britain, the Commonwealth, and European Integration, 1945-1955." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1505144142763366.
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Chanier, Christophe. "La firme Philips face à la construction de l'Europe : une multinationale sur la voie de l'intégration économique dans les années 50-60." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010537.
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Au même titre que l'intégration économique, les firmes multinationales sont la signe d'une internationalisation constante de l'économie mondiale au cours des dernières décennies. C'est précisément ce qui rend intéressante toute étude historique de la relation entre les deux phénomènes. Cette problématique dévoile des questions fondamentales : par exemple, est-ce que les multinationales anticipent, suivent ou encore poursuivent de tels changements dans leur environnement ? Afin de répondre a cette question (parmi d'autres), nous avons observé une multinationale européenne face à la construction de l’Europe et à la mise en œuvre du marché commun. Nous avons distingué alors 3 phases thèmes différents : la firme et l'idée d'intégration, la firme face à la communauté économique européenne et finalement l'"intégration dans la firme". Théoriquement, l'intégration est favorable aux multinationales, mais en prenant un tour plus concret (avec la C. E. E. ) pour Philips, elle s'avère une tâche difficile au sein de la firme. Tentant de tirer parti des avantages offerts par un grand marche unique européen, les responsables-Philips découvrent les problèmes dus à la structure par "espaces-marchés" propre à Philips<br>Like economic integration, multinational firms are a sign of the growing internationalization of the world economy during the last decades. That precisely makes very interesting any historical study of the relation between those two facts. Some very important questions araise from these problematic : for example, are multinationals anticipating, following up or going after such developments in their environment? in order to answer these question (among others), we observed a european multinational facing the coming of economic integration and the realization of the common market. Here, we made a distinction between three different stages : the firm and the idea of integration, the firm facing an european economic community and finally the "integration in the firm". Theoretically, integration should be a good thing for a multinational, but becoming (with the E. E. C) more and more practical for Philips, integration is also appearing as a difficult task inside the firm. Trying to take advantage of the possibilities of a great single european market, Philips' managers are discovering the problems caused by the "market by market" structure of Philips
7
Hall, Damara L. 1977. "Ken Price's "Happy's Curios" (1972--1978): A critical history." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11272.
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ix, 100 p. : ill. (some col.)<br>In 1972 ceramist Ken Price (b. 1935) embarked on Happy's Curios , a six-year long project that he described as an homage to Mexican folk pottery. It ended with a 1978 exhibition of the same name held at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. The project and the related exhibition integrated and critically investigated three common classifications of cultural objects: fine art, folk art, and craft. This thesis argues that the Happy's Curios project deploys these categories in a manner that challenges and deconstructs how they are used. The thesis offers a critical history of the Happy's Curios project and its reception in order to interrogate how the project engages the taxonomy of fine art, folk art, and craft, as well as its relevance to a broader art historical context.<br>Committee in charge: Kate Mondloch, Chair;
Sherwin Simmons, Member;
Brian Gillis, Member
8
Berry, Michelle Kathleen. "Cow Talk: Ecology, Culture, and Power in the Intermountain West Range Cattle Industry, 1945-1965." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1404%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Kanyo, Tamás. "Grenzen der zivilen Sphäre hinter dem Eisernen Vorhang : Möglichkeiten von autonomen Gruppierungen in der Volksrepublik Ungarn (1975-1985) : eine historisch anthropologische Annäherung /." Eger : Líceum Kiadó, 2008. http://ethesis.unifr.ch/theses/downloads.php?file=KanyoT.pdf.
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Ramanathan, Rathna. "English little presses, book design and production: A study of five London publishers, 1945-1979." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488006.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the practice of publishing followed by English little presses in the post-World War II period, with particular emphasis on the design and production of books. There is relatively little published material on these presses from the perspective of publishing and design history, and this thesis seeks to redress some of this imbalance. Using a case-study approach, this thesis focuses on the publishing practice of five London-based presses over a thirty-five-year period (1945-1979): Stuart Montgomery's Fulcrum Press, Stefan and Franciszka Themerson's Gaberbocchus Press, Roy Lewis's Keepsake Press, Asa Benveniste's Trigram Press, and Bob Cobbing's Writers Forum. It draws from a variety of sources, including interviews with many closely associated with the presses, archival material (such as correspondence with authors and suppliers, invoices, and artwork), and an analysis of editions published by these presses. The thesis briefly compares little press practice to mainstream publishing and private press practice of the time. Relationships between little presses and mainstream organizations including the Arts Council of Great Britain and the Poetry Society are also briefly considered. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part provides the general context and background and consists of two chapters. The first chapter critically evaluates published material related to little press publishing from different angles, including publishing history, design and printing history, and literary history, with the intention of establishing key sources. The second chapter provides brief biographical information about the principals, and considers their individual methods of operation, including editorial agendas, approaches to marketing and distribution, and financial support. The second part of this thesis is focused on aspects of book production and design, and begins by providing a brief overview of mainstream book production and design during this period. Subsequent chapters, organised by press, examine different aspects of book production and design, with the intention of establishing the extent to which design was an important factor in little press publishing. The approaches, methods, and equipment employed in book production are discussed, and an overview of each press's approach to book design with particular emphasis on typography, illustration, layout and colour is provided. This is further supplemented by a detailed analysis of a chosen title published by each press. An illustrated catalogue of 357 books published by these presses provides added visual context.
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McBride, Patrick. "How conservation has changed from 1975 to 2005." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2015. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/13456/.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the nature of the changes that took place within paper conservation, a section of the practice/occupation of material conservation, in the United Kingdom during the period from 1975 to 2005. In the 1970s, conservation emerged as a distinct practice within the museum sector from two sources: semi-skilled cleaners and movers of art objects, and the traditional restorers of cultural objects. From then until the end of the century, it continued to grow and mature. The nature of this growth and the changes that took place within it will be modelled with the objective of enabling future changes within conservation to be evaluated. The evaluation of conservation in this manner will determine its definition as an industry. The changes will be assessed by highlighting their effect on one section of conservation practice, namely paper conservation. This practice concentrates on the conservation of cultural material created using paper, including such categories of artefacts as watercolours, fine art prints, drawings, ephemera, archival materials, books and all paper-based sculpture. During the period between 1970 and 2000, paper conservation developed from being a fledgling practice to becoming an accepted standard within the museum sector. In becoming so, it placed great emphasis on professionalism. This provided paper conservation with a template for change, a process through which it could develop and grow. Paper conservation embraced this process as a means of providing a set of standards to which it could adhere, but also as a means of garnering greater acceptability for its approach within the wider museum sector. Issues relating to the development of a profession and professionalism will be further explored as part of the literature review. Organisational change was also considered to have a relevance to the development of paper conservation, and this, too, will be explored within the literature review. Steps to professionalise conservation and subsequent changes in the wider museum sector were seen to have had the most impact on the structure of conservation. They may also have had relevance for the practice itself. Paper conservation was successful in having its occupational aims accepted throughout the museum sector, and this has further implications for those interested in researching by occupations of the professionalisation process. An understanding of the nature of this change, and how paper conservation reached its goal of acceptance for its values, is indispensable for those involved in decision-making within conservation today, and in the future. The thesis is based on an analysis of documents from the period directly relating to change within the field of conservation. It also includes interviews with personnel who were practising conservators, the providers of conservation education, and officers of the different agencies representing conservation. Research questions were formed from this analysis, and multiple case studies were undertaken to analyse these questions.
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Blatter, Deborah. "Die Iranische Revolution von 1979 Eine vorläufige Bilanz /." St. Gallen, 2004. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/99630576001/$FILE/99630576001.pdf.
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Ladbrook, Megan. "Spatial and temporal patterns (1973-2012) of bushfire in an arid to semi-arid region of Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1660.
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Aim and background
The aim of this study was to reconstruct fire regimes/history of an extensive arid to semi-arid region of Western Australia for the last 40 years by studying temporal and spatial fire scar patterns using remote sensing in a Geographic Information System environment.
Methods
A fire history database was constructed, for the years 1973-2012 of an area of Western Australia between the Murchison and Minilya Rivers, of all bushfires greater than 1 ha that were visible from Landsat satellite imagery ranging from 30 – 60m ground resolution. The data was analysed to characterise a general bushfire regime for the region which included: mean and median size of fire scars; range and mean count of bushfire numbers; and the effect that land-systems, vegetation types/structures, land tenure and climate had on the bushfire regime.
The 82 land-systems were grouped into 4 main land types and the 141 vegetation types were grouped into 7 vegetation groups and 7 vegetation structural groups. The percentages of areas burnt were calculated and a correlation coefficient was calculated between total area and total area burnt for each variable within the study area. Land tenure was divided into 3 types and two discrete areas in the northern study area were compared to determine if land tenure had an impact on fire regimes. To assess the effect climate had on the bushfire extent I calculated their correlation to both cumulative rainfall and mean maximum temperature. A generalised linear model was used to determine which climatic variables impacted on the bushfire regime.
Results
A total of 23.8% of the total study area burnt during the study period. The individual fire scars ranged from4000 km2. The frequency of fires ranged from 10-40+ years across the different vegetation types.
The land type that burnt the most extensively in both the southern and northern study areas was Sandplains/coastal (southern — 16.6%; northern — 57%). The land type that burnt the least extensively in the southern study area was Alluvial/plains with eucalypts/claypans group (2.3%), and in the northern study area it was the Hills/mesas group (~1%). The Heathland vegetation (54%) burnt the most extensively in the southern study area and Hummock grassland (68%) in the northern. The northern study area had a greater variety of vegetation groups that burnt than the southern area (northern — 37; southern — 22). The Acacia Shrubland vegetation group contained the greatest number of fire fronts that stopped shortly after burning into this group. Only Shrub and Mallee structural groups burned in the southern study area (grass, tree, samphire shrub, chenopod shrub and bare did not burn); all structural groups except Mallee burnt in the northern study area.
Two regions in the northern study area with structurally similar vegetation showed some differences in fire frequency when grazing activity by feral goats was restricted vs. unrestricted, though there was insufficient data for statistically relevant findings. The variables retained in the generalised linear models of fire extent were; rain in the previous two years to year of fire (positive relationship) and rain in the previous three years to fire (negative relationship) for the northern study area, and number of annual days over 35°C (positive relationship), rain in the year of fire (negative relationship) and rain in the three years prior to fire (positive relationship) in the southern study area.
Conclusions
Bushfire size distribution and frequency are comparable to other regimes in similar climates; however on average they tended to be larger. Infrequent, extensive (>4000 km2) bushfires can skew the statistics since the area burnt contributes to mean values to a greater degree as the individual fires get larger. Such large fires are strongly linked to 2 year antecedent above average rainfall episodes, especially in the northern study area and particularly when pluvial periods are followed by droughts and above-average temperatures. The extent of a bushfire is partially dependent on vegetation type and structure, and land-system. More research needs to be undertaken to see how much of an influence (if any) grazing practices leads to difference in bushfire regimes. Predicted future changes in climate may lead to more frequent and higher intensity bushfires in the study area.
This research furthers the understanding of bushfire regimes in arid Western Australia. It also contributes to expanding current knowledge of bushfires in an arid Acacia shrubland ecosystem and it should improve predictions and management of bushfires in these extensive regions of Australia.
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Hutchins, Brett, and n/a. "Five yards, a cloud of dust and a bucket of blood : Australian rugby league and violence 1970 to 1995." University of Canberra. Sports Studies, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050308.155200.
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This thesis evaluates Australian rugby league participant violence between 1970 and 1995 through the use of figurational sociology, a body of thought pioneered by Norbert Elias. While figurational theory is the dominant
paradigm used, an interdisciplinary focus is adopted in order to negotiate the recognised weaknesses of 'Eliasian' theory, and to complement its strengths. Communication
studies, cultural studies and gender theory are interweaved with figurational sociology to analyse rugby league violence. Furthermore, through these theoretical paradigms, important wider social and cultural issues are taken into account including the commodification of
Australian rugby league, the media framing of State of Origin rugby league as a 'sports mediated product', and the role violence plays both within the construction of masculine identities in rugby league and in the wider 'gender order' . These social and cultural issues are evaluated to gain an adequate understanding of the structural and interpersonal interrelationships constituting the social phenomenon of rugby league violence. The central finding of this thesis is that there
is a processual shift from more to less illegitimate violence in Australian rugby league between 1970 and 1995.
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Ainsworth, Alison. "Interactive influences of wildfire and nonnative species on plant community succession in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park /." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/4504.
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Bradburn, Anton. "Strategic management styles in fire services : an Anglo-Danish comparison, 1995-2000." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618659.
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A review of the literature relating to Fire Services reveals a lack of research concerning the meanings and uses of strategy and strategic management in these institutions. The primary aim of this study, therefore, is to contribute to widening debate in this particular field of discourse. The researcher investigated the nature of management style preferences expressed by Chief Fire Officers of fire brigades within the British Fire Service and compared these management behaviours with Chief Fire Officers in Denmark. While the design of the study was cross-national and comparative its overall research strategy employed mixed methods by means of which to generate both quantitative and qualitative data from an empirical approach. Research questions were utilised as guiding issues with which to focus the study consistently on the strategic behaviours of Chief Fire Officers in the public sector brigades in each country. With Chief Officers as its unit of comparison, this study comprises an examination of strategic management styles and behaviours of senior managers in the public sector fire brigades of Britain and Denmark. It is supported by the developing literature on strategy and strategic management in public services contexts, which, nevertheless, has not addressed this area of the public service, where its quasi-military aspect might be thought to give rise especially to marked strategic styles and behaviours. The study is cross-national and comparative in its focus and research strategy. In Britain wholly 'public' fire services are in operation, and a privatised service has never appeared on the main policy agenda. In Denmark, by contrast, the municipal brigades are in competition with a single private sector provider, the 'Falck' company.
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Aubel, Felix Franc Elfed. "Welsh conservatism 1885-1935 : five studies in adaptation." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554296.
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Daumas, Jean-Claude. "L'amour du drap : Blin & Blin, 1827-1975 : histoire d'une entreprise lainière familiale /." Besançon : Paris : Presses universitaires franc-comtoises ; diff. les Belles lettres, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37621673w.
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Manu, Christopher Corneliu. "Finite element analysis of stress rupture in pressure vessels exposed to accidental fire loading." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1295.
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SALIBRA, ROBERTA. "La necropoli classica di Passo Marinaro a Camarina:dalle campagne di scavo di fine Ottocento alle indagini degli anni 1966 e 1972-1973." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/201879.
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Kaye, J. N. "The fine artist's use of theatre form since 1945." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378437.
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Khazaeinejad, Payam. "Fundamental solutions for beams, plates, and shells under thermomechanical actions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19575.
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As the engineering profession moves from prescriptive or “deemed-to-satisfy” approaches towards design methodologies based on quantification of performance, sophisticated modelling tools are increasingly needed, especially when complex combinations of demand and capacity are encountered. Recourse is invariably made to advanced computational tools to provide high fidelity solutions to large and complex problems, such as the response of structural systems or components to thermomechanical actions. Software packages based on the finite element method are most commonly used for such analyses. There are some essential prerequisites to effective use of advanced computational software for complex nonlinear problems, which are often ignored, particularly in professional practice. These include a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanics of the problem under consideration; a good appreciation of the approximation methods for modelling the problem properly (e.g. the choice between elements, continuum or structural, low or high order interpolation, degree of mesh refinement necessary and so on); and perhaps most importantly ensuring that the software is reliable and is able to reproduce established fundamental solutions to an acceptable degree of accuracy. This thesis attempts to address most of these issues but focusses primarily on the last mentioned prerequisite and provides a range of novel and unprecedented fundamental solutions for beams, plates, and shallow shells subject to moderate or extreme thermomechanical loads such as those resulting from a fire. Geometric and material nonlinearities are included in the proposed formulations along with the most common idealised boundary conditions. Thermally induced deformations generate large displacements and require the solutions to account for geometric nonlinearity, while material nonlinearity arises from the degradation of the material at elevated temperatures. In the context of structural performance under extreme thermal action (such as fire), a finite element procedure is employed to analytically characterise generic temperature distributions through the thickness of a structural component arising from different types of fire exposure conditions including: a “short hot” fire leading to a high compartment temperature over a relatively short duration; and a “long cool” fire with lower compartment temperatures, but over a longer duration. Results have shown that despite the larger area under the long cool fire time-temperature curve, which traditionally represented the fire severity, the effect of the short hot fire on the nonlinear responses of beams, plates, and shallow shells is more pronounced. Also, the effect of temperature-dependent material properties is found to be more pronounced during the short hot fire rather than the long cool fire. Comparison studies have confirmed that while the current numerical and theoretical approaches for analysing of thin plates and shells are often computationally intensive, the proposed approach offers an adequate level of accuracy with a rapid convergence rate for such structures. The solutions developed can be used to: verify software used for modelling structural response to thermomechanical actions; help students and professionals appreciate the fundamental mechanics better; provide relatively quick solutions for component level analyses; and visualise internal load paths and stress trajectories in complex structural components such as composite shells that can help engineers develop deeper insights into the relevant mechanics. The formulations developed are versatile and can be used for other applications such as laminated composite or orthotropic shallow shells. A very significant by-product of developing such fundamental solutions is their potential use in the development of highly accurate hybrid elements for very efficient modelling of large problems. While this has not been fully developed and implemented in the current work, the requisite theoretical framework has been developed and reported in one of the appendices, which can be used to develop such elements and implement on an appropriate software platform.
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CHOWDHURY, ERSHAD. "BEHAVIOUR OF FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER CONFINED REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS UNDER FIRE CONDITION." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5360.
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In recent years, fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have demonstrated enormous
potential as materials for repairing and retrofitting concrete bridges that have deteriorated from factors such as electro-chemical corrosion and increased load requirements. However, concerns associated with fire remain an obstacle to applications of FRP materials in buildings and parking
garages due to FRP’s sensitivity to high temperatures as compared with other structural materials
and to limited knowledge on their thermal and mechanical behaviour in fire. This thesis presents
results from an ongoing study on the fire performance of FRP materials, fire insulation materials
and systems, and FRP wrapped reinforced concrete columns. The overall goal of the study is to
understand the fire behaviour of FRP materials and FRP strengthened concrete columns and
ultimately, provide rational fire safety design recommendations and guidelines for FRP
strengthened concrete columns.
A combined experimental and numerical investigation was conducted to achieve the
goals of this research study. The experimental work consisted of both small-scale FRP material
testing at elevated temperatures and full-scale fire tests on FRP strengthened columns. A
numerical model was developed to simulate the behaviour of unwrapped reinforced concrete and
FRP strengthened reinforced concrete square or rectangular columns in fire. After validating the
numerical model against test data available in literature, it was determined that the numerical
model can be used to analyze the behaviour of concrete axial compressive members in fire.
Results from this study also demonstrated that although FRP materials experience considerable
loss of their mechanical and bond properties at temperatures somewhat below the glass transition
temperature of the resin matrix, externally-bonded FRP can be used in strengthening concrete
structural members in buildings, if appropriate supplemental fire protection system is provided
over the FRP strengthening system.<br>Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2009-12-17 14:11:27.931
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Havlina, Douglas William. "Fire effects on vegetation diversity, structure, and successional dynamics in shrub-steppe and mixed conifer environments of the Hells Canyon, Idaho /." 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/6738.
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Hollingshead, Kevin. "THE EFFECTS OF FIRE ON INSULATED REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS STRENGTHENED WITH FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7238.
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Given the current global crisis of deteriorating infrastructure, structural rehabilitation has been the focus of much recent research in the field of civil engineering. Consequently, Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP’s) are becoming an increasingly common method for retrofitting deficient structures. However, skepticism regarding the structural performance of FRP’s during fire is preventing their widespread implementation in building applications. Because of the degradation of FRP material properties during heating, most current design codes completely neglect their structural contributions in fire design. The intention of this research thesis is to investigate the thermal and mechanical behaviour of insulated FRP retrofitted reinforced concrete structures at elevated temperatures.
Two intermediate-scale reinforced concrete slabs were first strengthened with FRP and protected with spray-on insulation. Thermal results from fire testing of the slabs provided a basis on which to develop insulation schemes for larger specimens. These larger specimens consisted of two full-scale T-Beams and two full-scale columns, which were also strengthened with FRP and insulated. All of these specimens succeeded in obtaining four hour fire ratings upon fire testing. Though the FRP strengthening systems were compromised quickly during heating, the insulation provided sufficient protection to the T-beams and columns for them to resist the applied service loads throughout the duration of fire exposure. Detailed calculations were also conducted using thermal data from the full-scale specimen fire tests in order to predict the change in capacity of these structures with time. This thesis shows that, with careful considerations towards insulation and anchorage design, FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete structures are able to obtain fire ratings in excess of four hours.<br>Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-05-29 15:46:00.801
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Garrett, Ian William. "Nesta Nala : ceramics, 1985-1995." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5979.
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This thesis reviews two local collections of ceramics by Nesta Nala between 1985 and 1996. The main text is presented in four chapters. Chapter One outlines the development of Nala's career and discusses the collections of her work outlined in this study. Chapter Two provides a brief overview of Zulu domestic-ware traditions, and outlines the basis of Nala's technology and decorative methods. Chapter Three reviews texts that discuss Nala and her work and then critically examines the application of the term "traditional". Chapter Four interprets Nala's decorative themes of examples in the Durban Art
Gallery and University of Natal collections. An attempt is made to contextualize genres of Nala's work represented in these collections on the basis of their intended market destinations.<br>Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1997.
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Jye, Gan-Wen, and 甘文杰. "The establishment of System and Concept of Taiwanese Fire fighting After the WWII - A discussion mainly in fire incidents (1945-1985)." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qr3evt.
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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>歷史研究所在職專班<br>104<br>The establishment of System and Concept of
Taiwanese Fire fighting
After the WWII - A discussion mainly in fire incidents
(1945-1985)
Abstract
Taiwan's fire service, from World War II to the passing of the Fire and Rescue Law in 1985, was part of the police organization. The scope of work of the firefighters primarily involved fire fighting but it also included other disasters. The fire organization, under the police system, could not easily react to the adjustment or changes of any fire fighting procedures. Additionally, these changes were subject to the limitations of their own internal organization. So, the improvement of the procedures of the fire fighting organization was unable to keep up with changes being made in developed countries.
The reporting of the Taiwanese Fire organization was changed, in part from the appeals of insightful firefighters and major fire incidents which caused heavy public casualties. These events forced the chief government officials to better understand the current situation. Therefore, organizational changes were made in order to adapt to the increasingly complex environment.
The county municipal fire brigade rank was upgraded to the first level. The central government as well as the state, local county and city governments made the fire department a provincial administrative organization and management as a dedicated unit. This caused the focus of fire prevention and fire rescues to have equal importance. A lot of changes resulting in the transformation of the fire services.
However, when the fire units were part of the police system, obtaining
expenditure, equipment and additional manpower were impacted by the police internal systems and the lack of government financial resources.
To increase the firefighting manpower, the expenditure as well as the equipment, the fire units could only gradually obtain more funds year after year to improve the fire fighting force.
Training new talents to firefighters began with the training program of the postwar Police Training Institute of the Chief Executive Office. After 1954, new firefighters were hired and then trained by the Police due to the lack of manpower. This replenished the number of firefighters. The Central Police Officer College opened the Fire and Rescue Department in 1970, training new talents to firefighters at the university level. In 1980, the establishment of
the Institute of Police "Fire and Rescue Section", provided the firefighter with training of additional new talents.
With economic development, the number of fires is gradually increasing. Therefore, the government, has used entry level advocacy meetings, fire instructions, newspapers, magazines, television, textbooks and other curriculum, to educate the society on fire prevention and to establish the concepts of fire safety for the public,including educating children in school, in order to reduce the incidence of fire.
Returning to the main issue of facing these fire and rescue problems, the complete passage of the Fire Services Law can regulate the fire and rescue organization, manpower, expenditures and equipment. The government has to implement this law in order to enhance the efficiency of the work of the fire and rescue. Henceforth, in the legislative of Fire and Rescue Law complete a stage of the reform in the history of fire and rescue in Taiwan .
Keywords: fire, fire system, fire and rescue law, volunteer
firefighter team.
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Wrobleski, David W. "Effects of prescribed fire on Wyoming big sagebrush communities : implications for ecological restoration of sage grouse habitat." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33877.
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Engen, Robert Charles. "Canadians Against Fire: Canada's Soldiers and Marshall's "Ratio of Fire" 1944-1945." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1081.
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This thesis investigates one of the staples of academic literature on combat motivation, S.LA. Marshall's “ratio of fire,” through the examination of previously untouched primary-source documentation from the Second World War. This evidence, a series of Battle Experience Questionnaires filled out by combat infantry officers of the Canadian Army in 1944 and 1945, details a wide range of tactical issues experienced by soldiers in battle. The interpretation and implications of this data for the “ratio of fire” theory is discussed, as the questionnaires make detailed inquiry into weapon use, infantry
co-operation with other arms, and general combat effectiveness. The thesis concludes
that this documentary evidence strongly supports the idea that, at the least, Marshall's “ratio of fire” statements are inapplicable to the Canadian experience of the Second World War, and that the body of literature based upon Marshall's conclusions deserves a critical re-examination.<br>Thesis (Master, History) -- Queen's University, 2008-03-31 14:57:42.693
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Findley, Angela J. "Analyzing multiple worldviews of forestry : local perceptions of the 1994 fires on the Wenatchee National Forest, Washington /." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/12749.
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Ranseen, Susanne N. "The Schultz Fire : an interdisciplinary perspective on its history, management, and ecological effects." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37621.
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This thesis examines the Schultz Fire as a case study to explain the complex history of fire suppression management in America’s forests, and to gain further understanding of how management practices have affected the increase in fire severity levels and how forests respond to such a disturbance. The thesis objectives were: (1) to analyze the causes of the fire severity of the Schultz Fire, especially: topography, fuels, or weather; (2); to examine the possible correlation between fire severity and tree density; (3) to investigate whether post-fire species richness was related to fire severity two years after the Schultz Fire; (4) to investigate whether post-fire plant species richness, plant cover, and tree regeneration was related to fire severity two years after the Schultz Fire; and (5) to interlink and convey how these factors relate to the history of fire management and policy and public perception.
The history of fire related policy and management has significantly changed the dynamics of America's national parks and forests. Understanding the larger context of this history, both of national fire management and of the effects of language and perception on policy and public reaction, is part of understanding the Schultz Fire as a whole.
Based on modeling, high winds combined with the presence of high surface fuel load were the main causes of the Schultz Fire's high fire severity levels. As fire severity increased there was a statistically significant increase in species richness. Severity level had little variation on percentage of cover by plants. No statistically significant relationship between tree density and fire severity levels was found.
These findings underline the need for fuel treatments in southwest Ponderosa Pine forests, and effective cooperation between communities, managers, and ecologists. The Schultz
Fire serves as an example in understanding the intricacies of how history affects the present and future of fire management. How fire has been managed and portrayed in the past has left an indelible mark on how fire is presently viewed. Without a clear understanding of the history of fire management and the role of fire in the ecology, future policies towards fire will be unable to account for and manage for the diversity of ecosystems and fires effects on those ecosystems across the United States.<br>Graduation date: 2013
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Wright, Pamela J. "The effect of fire regime on coarse woody debris in the west central Cascades, Oregon /." 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11101.
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Young, Richard Paul. "Fire ecology and management in plant communities of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, southeastern Oregon /." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/10348.
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Greaves, Heather E. "Potential effects of climate change and fire management on fire behavior and vegetation patterns on an east Cascades landscape." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35363.
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Climate exerts considerable control on wildfire regimes, and climate and wildfire are both major drivers of forest growth and succession in interior Northwest forests. Estimating potential response of these landscapes to anticipated changes in climate helps researchers and land managers understand and mitigate impacts of climate change on important ecological and economic resources. Spatially explicit, mechanistic computer simulation models are powerful tools that permit researchers to incorporate climate and disturbance events along with vegetation physiology and phenology to explore complex potential effects of climate change over wide spatial and temporal scales. In this thesis, I used the simulation model FireBGCv2 to characterize potential response of fire, vegetation, and landscape dynamics to a range of possible future climate and fire management scenarios. The simulation landscape (~43,000 hectares) is part of Deschutes National Forest, which is located at the interface of maritime and continental climates and is known for its beauty and ecological diversity. Simulation scenarios included all combinations of +0��C, +3��C, and +6��C of warming; +10%, ��0%, and -10% historical precipitation; and 10% and 90% fire suppression, and were run for 500 years. To characterize fire dynamics, I investigated how mean fire frequency, intensity, and fuel loadings changed over time in all scenarios, and how fire and tree mortality interacted over time. To explore vegetation and landscape dynamics, I described the distribution and spatial arrangement of vegetation types and forest successional stages on the landscape, and used a nonmetric multidimensional
scaling (NMS) ordination to holistically evaluate overall similarity of composition, structure, and landscape pattern among all simulation scenarios over time.
Changes in precipitation had little effect on fire characteristics or vegetation and landscape characteristics, indicating that simulated precipitation changes were not sufficient to significantly affect vegetation moisture stress or fire behavior on this landscape. Current heavy fuel loads controlled early fire dynamics, with high mean fire intensities occurring early in all simulations. Increases in fire frequency accompanied all temperature increases, leading to decreasing fuel loads and fire intensities over time in warming scenarios. With no increase in temperature or in fire frequency, high fire intensities and heavier fuel loads were sustained. Over time, more fire associated with warming or less fire suppression increased the percentage of the landscape occupied by non-forest and fire-sensitive early seral forest successional stages, which tended to increase the percentage of fire area burning at high severity (in terms of tree mortality). This fire-vegetation relationship may reflect a return to a more historical range of conditions on this landscape.
Higher temperatures and fire frequency led to significant spatial migration of forest types across the landscape, with communities at the highest and lowest elevations particularly affected. Warming led to an upslope shift of warm mixed conifer and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests, severely contracting (under 3�� of warming) or eliminating (under 6�� of warming) area dominated by mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) and cool, wet conifer forest in the high western portion of the landscape. In lower elevations, warming and fire together contributed to significant expansion of open (<10% tree canopy cover) forest and grass- and shrubland. The compositional changes and spatial shifts simulated in the warming scenarios suggest that climate change is likely to significantly affect forests on this landscape. Warming and associated fire also tended to increase heterogeneity of forest structural stages and landscape pattern, resulting in a more diverse distribution of structural stages, especially in lower elevations, and a more divided landscape of smaller forest stands.
The NMS ordination emphasized the dissimilarity between the severe +6�� scenarios and the other two temperature scenarios. The +0�� and +3�� scenarios differed from each other in composition (mainly because cool forest was lost in the +3�� scenarios), but within a given level of fire suppression they remained remarkably similar in terms of overall composition, structure,
and landscape pattern, while the +6�� scenarios separated noticeably from them. Such decisive differences suggest that under the simulated ranges of precipitation and fire suppression, the interval between 3 and 6 degrees of warming on this landscape may capture an ecological threshold, or tipping point.
Additional simulation research that incorporates (for example) management actions, insects and pathogens, and a wider array of precipitation scenarios could help illuminate more clearly the possible range of future landscape conditions. Still, these results provide a glimpse of potential divergent outcomes on this important landscape under possible future climates, and suggest that these forests will undergo considerable changes from both historical and current conditions in response to higher temperatures expected in this area. Some changes may be inevitable with warming, such as the upslope shift of warm forest types, but careful planning for fire and fuels management might allow land managers to modulate fire behavior and steer vegetation dynamics toward the most desirable outcome possible.<br>Graduation date: 2013
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Goodyear, Anne Collins. "The relationship of art to science and technology in the United States, 1957-1971 five case studies /." 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3099453.
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Khalifa, Tarek. "The Effects of Elevated Temperatures on Fibre Reinforced Polymers for Strengthening Concrete Structures." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6559.
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Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have been a material of interest in the field of structural engineering due to their superior mechanical properties such as high strength to weight ratios and resistance to environmental degradation and corrosion. Even though research has established the material to be a viable option for construction they are highly susceptible to elevated temperatures. There are several systems available on the market and a great deal of research needs to be conducted to investigate the change in properties and different behaviour at elevated temperature to serve as a better basis for design. The main objective of this project and the experimental program presented in this thesis is to study the thermo mechanical properties of the available systems on the market.
A summary of the previous research done in the area covering other materials is presented providing an introduction to the behaviour of different systems under elevated temperature. Then, two different experimental programs are presented. The first considers the glass transition temperature and thermal decomposition of the different systems and the second examines the tensile strength of the different systems under different temperature regimes.
The results of both experimental programs are presented and then a connection between the thermo mechanical properties of the resins and the overall strength of the system is established. The research demonstrates that the glass transition temperature of the resin used for an FRP strengthening system is the main determinant of the performance at high temperatures.<br>Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2011-06-16 09:21:32.228
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Lee, Yohan. "Initial attack fire suppression, spatial resource allocation, and fire prevention policy in California, the United States, and the Republic of Korea." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35917.
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In this dissertation, I combined a scenario-based, standard-response optimization model with a stochastic simulation model to improve the efficiency of the deployment of initial attack firefighting resources on wildland fires in California and the Republic of Korea. The optimization model minimizes the expected number of fires that do not receive a standard response���defined as the number of resources by type that must arrive at the fire within a specified time limit���subject to budget and station capacity constraints and uncertainty about the daily number and location of fires. The simulation model produces a set of fire scenarios in which a combination of fire count, fire locations, fire ignition times, and fire behavior occur. Compared with the current deployment, the deployment obtained with optimization shifts resources from the planning unit with the
highest fire load to the planning unit with the highest standard response requirements. Resource deployments that result from relaxing constraints on station capacity achieve greater containment success by encouraging consolidation of resources into stations with high dispatch frequency, thus increasing the probability of resource availability on high fire count days. I extended the standard response framework to examine how a policy priority influences the optimal spatial allocation and performance of initial attack resources. I found that the policy goal of a fire manager changes the optimal spatial allocation of initial attack firefighting resources on a heterogeneous landscape, especially, for the socio-economic value of a potential fire location. Furthermore, I investigated the tradeoff between the number of firefighting resources and the level of fire ignition prevention efforts mitigating the probability of human-made fires in the Republic of Korea where most fires are caused by human activities. I found that fire ignition prevention is as cost-effective as initial attack resources given the current budget in the Republic of Korea on reducing the expected number of fires not receiving the standard response. From the comparison of the California and Republic of Korea cases, I can identify "rules of thumb" to be followed when allocating IA resources in particular ecological and policy settings.<br>Graduation date: 2013
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Adelzadeh, Masoud. "Structural and Thermal Behaviour of Insulated FRP-Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams and Slabs in Fire." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8287.
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Despite the superior properties of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials, the use of FRPs in buildings is limited. A key cause of concern for their use in buildings arises from their poor performance in fire occurrences. This thesis presents the results of fire performance of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams and slabs strengthened with externally bonded FRP sheets. The performance and effectiveness of insulation materials and techniques are also investigated in this thesis. Two full-scale reinforced concrete T-beams and two intermediate-scale slabs were strengthened in flexure with carbon and glass fibre reinforced polymer sheets and insulated with a layer of spray-on material. The T-beams and slabs were then exposed to a standard fire. Fire test results show that fire endurances of more than 4 h can be achieved using an appropriate insulation system. Tests were performed in order to understand the behaviour of FRP concrete bond at high temperatures. An empirical model was then formulated to describe the bond strength deterioration due to temperature rise. Innovative measurement techniques were employed throughout the experiments to measure important observables like strain and temperature. Meanwhile, the effectiveness and practicality of techniques such as Fibre Optic Sensing (FOS) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) for high temperature applications were investigated.
A numerical finite-volume heat transfer model was developed to simulate the heat transfer phenomenon. The validity of the numerical model was verified by comparing the results with the results from the fire tests. By using this model, parametric analyses were performed to investigate the effect of different fire scenarios on the performance of the insulated beams. To simulate the structural performance of the T-beams a numerical model which was capable of predicting stresses and strains and deflections of a heated beam was developed. The model is capable of incorporating the effects of axial forces in the response of a restrained beam. This model was verified and used in combination with the thermal model to simulate the deflections of T-beams in fire.<br>Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-17 15:11:16.185
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Rothleutner, Joseph J. "Genome sizing and fire blight resistance screening in Cotoneaster." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/31572.
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Cotoneaster is an ornamental shrub valued for showy flowers, berries and architecture as well as the ability tolerate adverse conditions under which other taxa fail. Cotoneaster is a highly diverse genus of over 400 species, of which few are available in the US nursery trade. Some species commercially available have been identified as potentially invasive in the state of Oregon and also are susceptible to the bacterial disease fire blight. Cotoneaster selections with reduced fertility and disease resistance would be desirable characteristics for low input landscape plants. A goal of my research was to characterize Cotoneaster spp. to provide information for the rationale planning and development of novel clones to meet these horticultural goals.
In the first study, genome sizes were estimated using flow cytometery and ploidy levels were inferred using holoploid genome size. Observed differences in monoploid genome sizes translate to a difference in chromosome size. Differences in chromosome size may present a reproductive barrier when they are large. This may
pose a challenge in wide crosses, but may be utilized to achieve sterility in the F1 interspecific hybrid population. Differences in genome size are not related to taxonomic ordering, so wide inter sectional and inter subgeneric crosses may be possible.
In the second study, susceptibility of Cotoneaster to fire blight was measured on plants inoculated with Erwinia amylovora strain Ea153. In greenhouse assays conducted over two years, plants were inoculated by cutting leaves with scissors infested with the pathogen. Some species were 'highly susceptible' to fire blight where plants were killed to the ground, and others were rated 'highly resistant' and no lesions were observed. Seventeen accessions were rated as resistant to fire blight This research provides the first report of ploidy, genome sizes, and susceptibility of species of Cotoneaster to fire blight. Collectively this research provides a toolbox for a breeder to tackle the challenge of creating disease resistant cultivars with reduced fertility.<br>Graduation date: 2013
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Martin, Brian D. "Water, fire, and stone : images and meaning in Melville /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8754.
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Goslin, Matthew N. "Development of two coniferous stands impacted by multiple, partial fires in the Oregon Cascades : establishment history and the spatial patterns of colonizing tree species relative to old-growth remnant trees /." 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/12073.
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Shea, Ronald W. "Effects of prescribed fire and silvicultural activities on fuel mass and nitrogen redistribution in Pinus ponderosa ecosystems of central Oregon /." 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13612.
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Boucher, Tina V. "Vegetation response to prescribed fire in the Kenai Mountains, Alaska /." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13134.
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GERBER, ALEXANDRA M. "A Holocene-scale analysis of fire regime using sedimentary charcoal from Little Black Lake, eastern Ontario, Canada." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5419.
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As part of Parks Canada’s management initiatives, St. Lawrence Islands National Park (SLINP) funded this study to learn more about the natural local fire regime, learn about the risks associated with fire in a changing climate scenario, and to aid in protection efforts of the fire-dependent species Pinus rigida (pitch pine), which is listed provincially as a species at risk. The study site selected was Little Black Lake (44º 32'45.20" N, 76 º 03'12.06” W), which is ideal because of its small size and isolated watershed. A 4.5 m Livingston-piston core and a 0.5 m Glew gravity core were extracted from the lake basin. Charcoal macrofossils >125 µm were quantified at 0.5 cm intervals to produce a high-resolution (14 years) fire record. A chronology was created for each of the two cores together using a combination of 13 14C dates and 20 210Pb dates to complete a record spanning from 2008 to >11000 Cal yrs BP. In general, the fire regime appears to be non-stationary with overall low CHAR (charcoal particles per cm2 of sediment per year) throughout the Holocene. The mean fire return interval for the entire record was on the century scale, at 244 years. The early- and mid-Holocene show low CHAR and few peaks during a period dominated by spruce and pine. Contrastingly, the late Holocene shows an increase in CHAR and peaks during hardwood dominance, which may be due to a change in fuel, as suggested by charcoal morphotypes. A detailed look at the Late Holocene through an analysis of the Glew gravity core, shows a shorter mean fire interval. Comparisons of the Little Black Lake fire record with other vegetation and charcoal records from this region indicate interactions between climate and changing fuel sources may be explanations for the non-stationarity of the fire regime. Management steps for St. Lawrence Islands National Park could include continuing small, isolated and infrequent burns and continued monitoring of local Pitch Pine populations provided spatial and temporal heterogeneity are taken into account.<br>Thesis (Master, Environmental Studies) -- Queen's University, 2010-01-31 23:58:09.579
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Eedson, Robert. "The Effects of Elevated Temperatures on Fibre Reinforced Polymers for Strengthening Concrete Structures." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8009.
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The use of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for strengthening reinforced concrete structures has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, before FRPs can be implemented in interior building applications their performance during fire must be assessed and understood. There currently remains a paucity of information in this area for most currently available FRP strengthening systems. This thesis presents a study of the mechanical and bond properties of selected currently available FRP strengthening systems for concrete structures at elevated temperatures such as might be experienced during a fire. Testing has been performed and is reported to study the continuous unidirectional coupon tensile strength, lap-splice FRP-to- FRP shear bond strength and tensile elastic modulus at elevated temperatures. Results of thermal characterization tests are also completed in an attempt to relate properties of the polymer matrix, such as the glass transition temperature, and thermal decomposition temperature to the losses of strength and stiffness observed for FRP coupons during steady-state and transient exposure to elevated temperatures up to 200oC. A simple analytical model is presented, for which the input parameters can be determined using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, to describe the reduction in mechanical and bond properties of the FRP systems at elevated temperatures. Based on this testing and subsequent analysis it is recommended that a conservative limit on the allowable temperature exposure for FRP systems during fire be set as the glass transition temperature measured using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Furthermore it is suggested that differential scanning calorimetry may not be an appropriate method of determining the glass transition temperature for available FRP systems used in concrete strengthening applications.<br>Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-04-30 19:06:24.31
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de, Castro Elmar A. "Biomass, nutrient pools and response to fire in the Brazilian Cerrado." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35021.
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Kangas, Michael. "Prescribed fire in a ponderosa pine stand in the Blue Mountains, Oregon : relationships among post-fire scolytidae incidence, delayed tree mortality, snag decay dynamics, and woodpecker snag use /." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/6743.
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Degher, Alexandra B. "Effects of an industrial fire on a community of south Phoenix, Arizona." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30745.
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On August 31, 1992, Quality Printing Circuits, a circuit board manufacturing plant in
Phoenix, Arizona, burned to the ground. The fire lasted approximately eight hours, creating a thick,
black smoke that blew into the surrounding community. Emergency evacuation was erratic and
since no air samples were taken during the fire, community exposure levels were unknown.
Immediately afterwards, residents reported health problems but government studies on the
community were unable to link reported health problems and the fire.
Eight months after the fire, a local advocacy group performed a health study on the
community. The 690 people surveyed reported symptoms such as asthma, blurred vision, vomiting,
hair loss, rashes, and extremity numbness. The survey was never analyzed and the case was closed.
Community members continued to report health problems and five years after the fire, the US
Environmental Protection Agency reopened the case. They performed two sampling studies but
results found that chemical levels were below allowable exposure levels.
This thesis contains three chapters that investigate the political, health, and scientific issues
related to the QPC fire. The scientific chapter uses the EPA's ISCST3 dispersion model and a
mixed-box model, to approximate community exposure concentrations and compare them to
allowable human exposure levels. Results of the ISCST3 model show that four (hydrogen chloride,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Acrolein, and naphthalene) of the twenty chemicals modeled
were above government allowable concentrations. Inhalation exposure to these chemicals causes
similar symptoms as those reported by residents.
The health-focused chapter characterized health symptoms reported in the 1993 health
survey. Results found that symptoms experienced by residents were similar to those documented in
other studies of exposure to chemical smoke. The study also found that residents living closest to
QPC reported a greater number of symptoms than residents living further away.
The political chapter analyzed the debate as to whether QPC officials and government
agencies took the steps needed to protect the exposed community during and after the QPC fire.
What became evident was that a significant conflict existed between the interests of residents
involved in the QPC fire and the government agencies responsible for protecting them.<br>Graduation date: 2004
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Chen, Shu-Huei. "Characterization of fire effects on forest ecosystems in the Tillamook Forest, Oregon." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/7050.
Texto completo
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Lorenz, P. Christopher J. "Assessing changes in pollen assemblage and charcoal accumulation during known changes in climate from c. 5,400 to 3,300 Years Before Present at the forest-prairie ecotone in Alberta, Canada." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1691.
Texto completoResumen
The ecotone between aspen parkland and mixed-grass prairie in mid-eastern Alberta is a climatically-sensitive area that has been subject to periods of enhanced aridity occurring at multi-decadal to centennial-scale cycles throughout much of the last 6000 years. To assess the ecotonal response to changes in effective moisture, as inferred by diatom-inferred salinity, temporal variations in pollen and charcoal preserved in a sediment core from Chauvin Lake were analyzed over several diatom-inferred moisture-cycles from c. 5,400 to 3,300 YBP. Changes in landscape vegetation were inferred by variation in both the percent relative abundance and influx rates of pollen taxa found in a sediment core from Chauvin Lake. Variation in sediment charcoal accumulation rates for both total charcoal and morphotypes, as well as the percent relative abundance of charcoal morphotypes, were used to infer changes in landscape fire regimes during these aridity cycles. One-way ANOVAs were used to determine significant differences in average accumulation rates or relative abundances between the arid and more mesic periods. Changes in the relative abundance of Cyperaceae and Ambrosia pollen between wet and dry periods suggests a shift in the spatial arrangement of vegetation, and a decrease in the sediment influx of most taxa, suggests a decrease in production of landscape vegetation during periods of aridity. Charcoal morphotype analysis, especially variation in Type M, Type D and Type B, suggests fewer, more intense fires during periods of drought. Lack of change in total charcoal may be related to increased secondary sedimentation of charcoal during periods of drought due to increased soil erosion. This study suggests that the spatial arrangement and production of landscape vegetation is dependent on climate, and fire prevalence decreases during periods of drought due to reduced fuel availability.<br>Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2009-01-29 12:15:32.137