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1
Bailey, Lee. "Spatial distributions within electroactive films". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30039.
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The spatial distributions of polymer and solvent within three types of polymer modified electrode have been investigated using the technique of neutron reflectivity. The overall aim of this research is to rationalise electrochemical behaviour of polymer modified electrodes through improved knowledge of in situ electrode structure. This may in future assist the design and fabrication of modified electrodes of desired function. The permselectivity failure of poly(vinylferrocene) has been investigated, with neutron reflectivity used to quantify mobile species transfer which occurs during redox cycling. Short time scale reflectivity studies have allowed observation of the changes in spatial distributions which occur within such films during oxidation and reduction, and rate limiting species transfers have been proposed. The reaction of the polymer poly(pentafluorophenyl 3-(pyrrol-1-yl)propanoate) with the nucleophile ferrocene-ethylamine has been followed and in particular the progress of the nucleophile's reaction front through the polymer monitored as a function of time. Definite regional differences in polymer structure were identified, which had an effect on the reaction progress. Studies on a third system looked at the effect of electrolyte pH on the structure of poly(orthotoluidine) films. At high acid concentration films are observed to swell, with the species responsible dependent on acid concentration. Neutron reflectivity was also used to rationalise combined EQCM/PBD responses obtained during redox cycling of poly(orthotoluidine).
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Duke, Tyler Norman. "The role of conservation films within the environmental debate". Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/duke/DukeT1206.pdf.
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Supian, Faridah Lisa. "Sensing interactions within nanoscale calixarene and polysiloxane Langmuir-Blodgett films". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538002.
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Conner, Marilyn W. "Theory of solid physisorbed films within the Potts lattice gas model /". The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266691096888.
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Crutchley, Nigel Stuart. "The encapsulation of oils and oil soluble substances within polymer films". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434758.
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Kane, Ravindra (Ravindra Shantaram) 1972. "Characterization and technical studies of semiconductor nanoclusters synthesized within polymer films". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9608.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references.
Semiconductor nanoclusters were synthesized within diblock copolymer films containing carboxylic acid units on one of the blocks. Diblock copolymer films microphase separate during film casting, and yield many different morphologies (spherical lamellar/ cylindrical ) depending on the ratio of the lengths of the two blocks. Metals such as Zn or Pb were selectively sequestered into the acid-containing microdomains by treating the films with aqueous metal salt solutions or with suitable organometallic reagents. Subsequent treatment with H2S formed metal sulfide nanoclusters within the microdomains. Initial experiments focused on PbS nanoclusters synthesized using tetraethyllead as the organometallic reagent PbS is interesting on account of its small effective mass which results in a large quantum size effect. The composite films containing PbS nanoclusters were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, electron microscopy, and UVVis spectroscopy. The cluster size and hence its optical properties could be controlled by varying processing parameters such as the reaction temperature, the presence of coordinating bases, and the time of exposure to H2S. A model was developed to explain the effect of these processing pm.meters on the cluster size. The experiments were also complemented by a theoretical study of the electronic structure of PbS nanoclusters. The semi-empirical tight binding method was used to study the dependence of the band gap of PbS nanoclusters on their size. 'The effects of spin-orbit coupling were included, and the calculated band gaps agreed well with previously published experimental values for PbS. Applications of semiconductor nanoclusters in devices have been hindered by surface defects, which greatly reduce the quantum yield for photoluminescence and electroluminescence. This difficulty can be overcome by using doped nanoclusters, where the emitter would be an impurity atom in the nanocluster. We have synthesized manganese-doped and terbium-doped ZnS nanoclusters within diblock copolymer films. The cations (zinc and the impurity atom) were successively loaded from aqueous solutions of their salts. The extent of loading was tracked using ICP discharge emission spectroscopy. Doped nanoclusters were formed by treating the ion-loaded films with H2S. The Mn-doped ZnS nanoclusters have been characterized by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The photoluminescence spectra show the characteristic manganese emission. Excitation spectra, in conjunction with UV-Vis spectra for doped ZnS nanoclusters of different sizes, demonstrated that manganese emission occurs by excitation of the ZnS nanocluster. To-doped ZnS nanoclusters also showed emission characteristic of terbium ions in the cluster.
by Ravindra Kane.
Ph.D.
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Harrison, Mark Geoffrey. "The charge excitations of conjugated polymers and oligomers : optical and electrical studies within field-effect devices". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360905.
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Timmons, Lena G. Boyd Jean Ann. "Functions of film music and sound within a genre : the revenge western /". Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4900.
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Kimber, Shaun. "'Looking beyond the obvious' : the censorship of film violence within contemporary Britain". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339962.
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Hao, Qing, Yue Xiao y Hongbo Zhao. "Characteristic length of phonon transport within periodic nanoporous thin films and two-dimensional materials". AMER INST PHYSICS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621715.
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In the past two decades, phonon transport within nanoporous thin films has attracted enormous attention for their potential applications in thermoelectrics and thermal insulation. Various computational studies have been carried out to explain the thermal conductivity reduction within these thin films. Considering classical phonon size effects, the lattice thermal conductivity can be predicted assuming diffusive pore-edge scattering of phonons and bulk phonon mean free paths. Following this, detailed phonon transport can be simulated for a given porous structure to find the lattice thermal conductivity [Hao et al., J. Appl. Phys. 106, 114321 (2009)]. However, such simulations are intrinsically complicated and cannot be used for the data analysis of general samples. In this work, the characteristic length K-Pore of periodic nanoporous thin films is extracted by comparing the predictions of phonon Monte Carlo simulations and the kinetic relationship using bulk phonon mean free paths modified by K-Pore. Under strong ballistic phonon transport, K-Pore is also extracted by the Monte Carlo ray-tracing method for graphene with periodic nanopores. The presented model can be widely used to analyze the measured thermal conductivities of such nanoporous structures. Published by AIP Publishing.
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Song, Tingting. "Independent cinema in the Chinese film industry". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/43448/1/Tingting_Song_Thesis.pdf.
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Chinese independent cinema has developed for more than twenty years. Two sorts of independent cinema exist in China. One is underground cinema, which is produced without official approvals and cannot be circulated in China, and the other are the films which are legally produced by small private film companies and circulated in the domestic film market. This sort of ‘within-system’ independent cinema has played a significant role in the development of Chinese cinema in terms of culture, economics and ideology. In contrast to the amount of comment on underground filmmaking in China, the significance of ‘within-system’ independent cinema has been underestimated by most scholars.
This thesis is a study of how political management has determined the development of Chinese independent cinema and how Chinese independent cinema has developed during its various historical trajectories. This study takes media economics as the research approach, and its major methods utilise archive analysis and interviews.
The thesis begins with a general review of the definition and business of American independent cinema. Then, after a literature review of Chinese independent cinema, it identifies significant gaps in previous studies and reviews issues of traditional definition and suggests a new definition.
After several case studies on the changes in the most famous Chinese directors’ careers, the thesis shows that state studios and private film companies are two essential domestic backers for filmmaking in China. After that, the body of the thesis provides an examination of the development of ‘within-system’ independent cinema. Specifically, three factors: government intervention, the majors’ performance (state studios and, later, the conglomerates) and the market conduct of independent cinema at various points in their trajectories are studied.
The key findings of the study are as follows:
First, most scholars have overlooked the existence and the significance of within-system Chinese independent cinema. Drawing on an American definition of the independent sector, this thesis proposes a definition of the sector in China: namely, any film that has not been financed, produced, and/or distributed by majors. The thesis also notes important contradictions in applying this definition: i.e. film-making is still dependent on policies that frame industry development. The thesis recognises that major tensions apply to filmmaking in China, which significantly differentiates the Chinese independents from those in the US.
Second, the development of Chinese independent cinema is the result the rise of the private sector and the decline of the state studio system. As state studios encountered difficulties the private sector moved forward; consequently the environment improved for independent cinema.
Third, before 2003, the film industry in China had little commercialisation. The government controlled independent cinema by means of license and censorship. State studios produced main melody films and Hollywood attracted most of the audiences. Many independent filmmakers focused on commercial films, thus contributing to film commercialisation.
Fourth, after 2003, the film industry became increasingly fragmented. The government created distribution and exhibition opportunities for main melody films; conglomerates collaborated with Hong Kong players; Hong Kong co-productions and Hollywood occupied the film market; and small private film companies produced main melody films in order to earn meagre profits.
The original contribution of the thesis is to advance the study of Chinese independent cinema. The study suggests a reasonable and practical definition of Chinese independent cinema. It shows how the Chinese government authorities have implemented economic measures to gain ideological control in the film industry. Finally, this the first study on Chinese independent cinema applying a synthesis of economic, political and historical perspectives.
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Zheng, Yungui. "Structure and ionic conduction in organised channels within polyethers in bulk and in LB films". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301604.
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Ioannou, Marios. "An investigation of the liquid fuel films within the cylinder of a spark ignition engine". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325635.
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Wasey, Jonathan Arthur Edward. "Spontaneous emission within wavelength-scale microstructures". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364468.
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Gisler, Carolyn M. "Revisioning the documentary tradition from within : Patricia Gruben's Leylines (1993)". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26689.
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Postmodernism, with its interrogation of reality and the im/possibility of representation, presented a legitimation crisis for the documentary which would potentially signal the end. Gauging by the renewed interest in the documentary tradition (in theory and practice) it is obvious that postmodernism had the reverse effect on documentary, freeing a filmmaking practice that had become hopelessly trapped within its own representational contradictions. In response to the challenge postmodernism presented, documentary theorists and filmmakers cleared a new space for documentary, and in the process reconsidered the limitations of Western epistemology and the ideal of 'representing reality'. This new space is reflected in the renewed interest in a new and more self-reflexive documentary theory and practice from the early 1980's onward. This essay will examine the transition which the documentary tradition has undergone in light of the shift from modernity to postmodernity: the shift from Grierson's heavily didactic social documentary to cinema verite and direct cinema and, finally, to the self-reflexive postmodern documentary. A textual analysis of Patricia Gruben's Leylines (1993), a recent postmodern documentary, will allow me to demonstrate how the contemporary documentary deals with the postmodern questions of history, representation, authority, knowledge, and subjectivity. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Dyer, A. N. "The effect of aggregation and orientation of amphiphilic molecules on second-harmonic generation within Langmuir-Blodgett films". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341049.
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Booso, Benjamin David. "The Growth of Columnar Thin Films and Their Characterization Within the Visible and Near Infrared Spectral Bands". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1272587327.
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El-Noor, Mardo. "Narratwist alteration in meaning in a short film text : this exegesis is submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Art & Design, 2008". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/408.
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This project is a creative production that combines image, sound, and narrative. It uses these elements to employ a twist as a device for a paradigm and genre shift in a short film text. My short film introduces a plot that is seemingly linear. Yet, the twist presents a piece of information that reveals the actual non-linear nature of the story, which in turn necessitates the re-interpretation of the plot. The aim of this project is to explore how a twist in a narrative-based short film can alter the cues and perceptions the audience receive from the plot. The project is predominantly practice-based (80%).
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Rhee, Soue-Won. "L'autre visible dans l'oeuvre de Jacques Tourneur de 1942 à 1948". Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030043.
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Les films de Tourneur sont mentionnés d'ordinaire en rapport avec le hors-champ. Cette perspective accentue surtout l'invisibilité de l'objet terrifiant. Or, le sentiment de l'invisible dû à l'intérêt du cinéaste au surnaturel persiste aussi dans le champ, nourrissant le potentiel de l'autre visible. L'autre visible chez Tourneur provient de l'ascèse du visuel et du sonore, remarquable dans des moments de terreur du genre fantastique mais aussi plus généralement dès que le fantastique cinématographique devient sensible. Cette étude cherche à saisir, à travers l'analyse détaillée des passages précis, le chant second du réel, miracle propre au cinéma, d'où émane le temps spectral d'une autre visibilité. Cette étude porte sur l'oeuvre de Tourneur de 1942 à 1948, notamment sur la trilogie produite par Lewton. Elle prend en compte l'environnement du tournage de la série B et l'effet engendré par le dispositif même. Un réalisme fondé sur le fantastique pourrait émerger à la fin de ce parcoursTourneur's films are mentionned usually in relation with the off. This view focuses on the invisibility of the terrifying object. Yet the sense of the invisible, due to the director's interest in the supernatural, persists also in the frame, intensifing the potential of the other visible. The other visible in Tourneur's works come from the abstinence of the visual and the auditory, especially notable in moments of terror in the genre of fantastique but also more generally when the cinematographic fantasticality becomes perceptible. A detailed analysis of the extracts strives to catch the second song of the real, a unique miracle of the cinema, from which the spectral time of an athor visibility emerges. This study examines Tourneur's works from 1942 to 1948, especially the fantastique trilogy produced by Lewton. It takes into consideration the filming environment of B movies and the cinema's own effect. This journey leads to the possibility of a realism based on the fantastique
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Soh, Tatcha Charles. "Sens et doublage cinématographique : étude de doublage de "Gone with the wind" (David O. Selznick et Victor Fleming, 1939), d'après le roman de Margaret Mitchell, traduit et doublé en français sous le titre "Autant en emporte le vent"". Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030169.
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Doublage afin de rendre compte du mécanisme intellectuel mis en œuvre au cours d'un film, nous avons étudié le processus intellectuel de la compréhension et de la déverbalisation en vue d'une réexpression équivalente en version double. à partir d'exemples extraits d'"Autant en emporte le vent", cette analyse a permis d'expliquer les mécanismes de la constitution du sens en doublage, et de présenter les grands types de synchronisme (phonétique, syntaxique et artistique) dont dépend la qualité du doublage. L'étude nous a permis de montrer qu'en dépit de la complexité du texte de doublage qui est le produit de l'association de l'image et du son imposant le respect des différents synchronismes, le sens, objet du doublage et de toute traduction doit être cerné et réexprimé naturellement et spontanémentIn order to analyse the intellectual mechanism at work in the process of film dubbing, we have studied the intellectual process of film comprehension for an equivalent rewording of the dubbed version of the film. Basing our examples on extracts of "Gone with the wind", this study enables us to explain the mechanism through which meaning is formed and reworded during the process of film dubbing. We also analyse the major types of synchronisation (phonetic, syntactic and artistic) on which dubbing quality also depends. Finally, this study also enables us to show that regardless of the complexity of the film dubbing text which is an association of sound and image entailing the respect of synchronisation, meaning, which is at the heart of any form of translation, be it written or dubbed, should be clearly understood and reworded naturally and spontaneously
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Robertson, Maxine Jane. "Sustaining knowledge creation within knowledge intensive firms". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36333/.
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This thesis is concerned with understanding the way in which knowledge creation was sustained over time within a particular type of knowledge intensive firm referred to as an expert consultancy. Expert consultancies are differentiated from generalist management consultancies in terms of their knowledge intensity i.e. the high levels of expertise of the workforce and their focus on the development of highly customised creative and innovative solutions rather than on the diffusion and implementation of pre-packaged 'best practice' solutions. Two longitudinal case studies were conducted in expert consultancies and a critical interpretative approach, characteristic of the constructivist paradigm was adopted for their analysis. Processes of knowledge creation are intrinsically complex and unpredictable. The leaders of such finns then are perpetually seeking ways to manage the fundamental tensions that exist between autonomy and control and efficiency and uncertainty. A retrospective historical analysis was developed of the way in which knowledge creation occurred and the organisational conditions that served to shape the process over time within both firms. The organisational conditions that were considered included not only structural aspects of the firm but also cultural and social conditions. Any changes that had occurred over time with regard to the way in which knowledge creation occurred were considered in relation to the organisational conditions that may have stimulated such changes in order to develop this analysis. The research found that a number of distinctive structural conditions contributed to sustaining processes of knowledge creation over time, including profit satisficing behaviour, an absence of professional management, and a resource rich environment. Critically, a strong yet ambiguous culture was found to be important for sustaining processes of knowledge creation. Organisational ambiguity promoted quasi-normative control, regulating individuals' dual identities as both 'consultant' and 'expert'. Quasi-normative control promoted both creative and selfdisciplining behaviour such that processes of knowledge creation occurred in ways that were ultimately efficient for the finn. These findings represent a new contribution to knowledge with regards to organisational culture and the management of knowledge workers and will hopefully stimulate further research in this area.
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Thompson, Robert Francis. "Management of architects within architectural businesses". Thesis, University of Salford, 2002. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26943/.
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The management of architects within architectural businesses has been identified as an issue influencing the future behaviour of architectural practices. This work goes on to develop and apply a qualitative model (based on systems theory) which enables deeper research into architects' businesses. The modelling of goals at strategic, management and individual levels in the firm are introduced into a Case Study Series. The results are analysed and presented in the form of a social efficiency map. The thesis explores the modelling of multiple goal- seeking behaviour within firms. The work justifies behaviour at individual level using a fulfilment model (explaining personality as based on a single force toward growth and actualisation). Existing models of business behaviour are used to explain business behaviour at management and strategic levels in the firm. A rigorous selection of firms included in the series of Case Studies is undertaken. This enables a process of contrast comparison and replication. Initially this work builds on research by the RIBA (undertaken in 1993) and the RIBA's findings from their Case Studies of traditional, muitidisciplinary, named, and commercial architectural business. This is the basis for the propositions examined in this research. The research concludes by comparing the results of the Social Efficiency Map by triangulation with questionnaires and a technique of participant as observer (using an vnopportunistic method of sampling) to strengthen the findings. The model proves effective in capturing the 'world view 1 of architects, based on propositions developed from the RIBA study and those emerging from the Case Studies Series. The implications are applied in the wider sense of the construction industry entire. The systems theory model is extended to facilitate discussion. Recommendations are made regarding the wider problem of 'perceptions' by firms in the construction industry and the permeability of these firms towards change introduced into this wider environment described.
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Rolfes, Michael A. (Michael Andrew). "Latent system dynamics within corporate venture capital firms". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107600.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 62-63).
At the current pace and scale of sociotechnical progress, incumbent firms must seek out alternatives to traditional R&D in order to protect their current market position. By deploying corporate venture capital, many firms have leveraged the nimble, resourceful, and efficient nature of start-ups to inject compelling innovations into their core business lines. However, this arrangement must be constructed and cultivated carefully in order to optimize potential returns. Technological product or platform integration must be planned and executed, and value networks should be interleaved wherever possible. This paper asserts that the most effective corporate VCs have adopted these distinct practices, and further contends that these CVCs should view investment funding as a cost of doing business (rather than seeking long shot returns). These investors are inherently directing cash flow to an agile development workforce riding at the forefront of trends and technology, over which they maintain some level of strategic control. A series of interviews were conducted in order to capture the direct and indirect objectives, philosophies, and operations of corporate venture capital firms. Rather than simply validating or refuting the above hypotheses, this paper also qualitatively examines the insights and implications of the respondent data. Through the course of the analysis, numerous operational coherency issues were discovered, which are explored and discussed using principles from system dynamics, innovation theory, and management literature. Historical evidence and outside empirical studies were also leveraged to further highlight and underscore some of these key discoveries.
by Michael A. Rolfes.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Zhao, Chunli [Verfasser]. "From individual to organization : knowledge sharing within firms and knowledge protection between firms / Chunli Zhao". Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1034621025/34.
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Kamuriwo, Dzidziso Samuel. "Fast track knowledge development in new firms : an investigation of knowledge building dynamics within firms". Thesis, City University London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446453.
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Cohen, Geraldine T. "Barriers to marketing within professional service firms : a study of the understanding and application of marketing within accountancy and law firms". Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/395.
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We live in a world of rapid change. Nowadays, there are virtually no organisations that haven’t been affected in one form or another by changes in their environment. The professions, which have for centuries been sheltered against change, are under increasing and complex environmental pressures and as a consequence are experiencing considerable change and uncertainty. The overall pressures have been increased competition, more demanding and sophisticated clients, succession issues, deregulation, technological advancement and globalisation. These have acted upon sectors, which are encumbered with conflicts of interests caused by the nature of the partnership organisational structure and a compromised self-regulation based on the traditional professional culture. Marketing has an important role to play as the organisation’s interface with the environment. It is a “boundary-spanning organisational function through its constant interface with the external environment at large and with customers, competitors and channel members in particular” (Varadarajan, 1992, p.340), as well as with the various groups within the organisation. The key role attributed to the marketing function is as a tool designed to maximise efficiency. Marketing has been very reluctantly adopted as a management tool by the professions. This thesis addresses the barriers to acceptance and implementation of marketing within professional service firms, given the intensity and complexity of environmental pressures they have been subjected. The research has focused on two of the traditional liberal professions, accountancy and law, through the study of the way marketing is perceived, understood and practiced within the organisation of seven accountancy and seven law firms. A theoretical model has been developed and refined providing the explanation for the barriers to marketing within the professional service organisation. The findings based on analysis of the professionals’ perceptions have demonstrated that these barriers can be seen as a result of an organisational conflict between the need for response to contingency pressures and the internal and external institutional isomorphic pressures of maintaining professional legitimacy with the implications of forfeiting organisational efficiency. The findings indicate that change within the professional organisation only takes place if subjected to contingency pressures and, in general, it is slowed down due to the institutional barriers of the professional partnership. The study has revealed that professionals are torn between the pressures of change and the need for respectability and maintenance of the status quo, which is evidence of the conflicting contingency and institutional pressures at play. The Marketing Champion has been proven to be a powerful driver for change in terms of initiating and leading the process. The review of perceptions of the concept and role of marketing within professional service firms has revealed generational differences, misconceptions and outright conflict leading to resistance in its introduction and application, although professionals have individually practiced a wide variety of marketing activities in their pursuit of gaining and maintaining clients. There has been conspicuous resistance to the acceptance of marketing as a management tool across the professional organisation. The main barriers to implementation have been identified as the professional partnership structure and the professional culture. Understanding on how marketing has being practiced within the professional organisation researched has been considered important in establishing the nature of the response to contingency and institutional forces. The research has been focused on the level of importance given to marketing as a strategic tool as opposed to the traditional tactical, communications mainly tool. The research has again shown that those firms who had a Marketing Champion, used marketing in a far more strategic manner.
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ROMAN, JOHANNA y OLIVIA WIDMARK. "Individual activities within IT consultancy firms : How the individual efficiency within IT consultancy firms could be increased by improving individual activities". Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191221.
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Idag förväntas IT-konsulter kunna utföra en större variation av arbetsuppgifter och besitta kunskap inom fler tekniska områden än någonsin tidigare. Då komplexiteten inom IT industrin tydligt trappats upp, en komplexitet som konsulterna förväntas kunna hantera bra, har det blivit allt viktigare för varje konsult att arbeta effektivt och därmed bidra till IT-konsultföretagens totala effektivitet. Denna studie undersöker därför hur den interna effektiviteten inom IT-konsultföretag skulle kunna ökas och hur företagens ledare bör agera för att öka effektiviteten kortsiktigt som långsiktigt. Vår studie bygger på en fallstudie baserad på 17 intervjuer och två workshops genomförda på ett svenskt IT-konsultföretag lokaliserat i Stockholm, samt på tre externa intervjuer och en kontinuerlig och iterativ litteraturstudie. Den interna effektiviteten inom IT-konsultföretag skulle kunna ökas genom förbättring av de individuella aktiviteterna anslutna till deras organisationsrutiner. De individuella aktiviteterna som indikerar störst potential för ökad intern effektivitet är de lågt prioriterade aktiviteterna; individuella aktiviteter som konsulterna tenderar att prioritera lägre, vilket ofta resulterar i att aktiviteterna förskjuts. Dessa aktiviteter är genomförda mer ineffektivt än andra individuella aktiviteter är på grund av fyra gemensamma rotorsaker: (1) bristande strukturkapital, (2) bristfälligt stöd av organisationskulturen, (3) otillräckliga kommunikationspolicys, and (4) brist på incitament. Denna studie tillhandhåller därtill konkreta åtgärder för hur detta kan hanteras kortsiktigt som långsiktigt av gruppledarna respektive ledningsgruppen i IT-konsultföretag.Today’s IT consultants are expected to carry out an increasing variety of tasks and possess knowledge within more technology areas than previously. As the complexity within the IT industry evidently is stepping up and the consultants are expected to manage this complexity well, it becomes more crucial than ever for each consultant to work efficiently and contribute to the IT consultancy firms’ overall efficiency. This research therefore investigates how the internal efficiency within IT consultancy firms could be increased as how the firms’ leaders should act in order to enhance the efficiency in the short and long run. Our research is based on a case study of 17 interviews and two workshops performed at a Swedish IT consultancy firm located in Stockholm, as well as three external interviews and a coherent and iterative literature review. The internal efficiency within IT consultancy firms could be increased by improving their individual activities attached to their organisational routines. The individual activities indicating the greatest potential to increase the internal efficiency are the low-prioritised activities - individual activities that consultants tend to prioritise lower, which often results in postponement of the activities. Why these activities are performed more inefficiently than other individual activities are due to four common root causes: (1) insufficient structural capital, (2) insufficient cultural support, (3) poor communication policies, and (4) lack of incentives. Concrete actions for how this could be operated in the short as well as the long run, are provided by this research. Its managerial implications are therefore directed towards the team managers as well as top management within IT consultancy firms.
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Borah, David C. "Financial analysis of private sector firms within the DoD". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA300832.
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Griot, Clémence. "Internationalization of French firms within the medical technology industry". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5119.
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French SMEs within the medical technology industry follow an internationalization pattern which cannot completely be explained by traditional internationalization models. Going abroad is not a strategy to overcome challenges inherent to the medical technology industry. Instead, it is the positive consequence of their merge with internationalized firms, or an opportunity offered by their network.
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Hunnes, Arngrimm. "Essays on wage structure and worker mobility within firms /". Bergen : Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/544163133.pdf.
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Reis, Luís Henrique Vecchio. "The capital structure of portuguese firms within a crisis". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4565.
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Mestrado em FinançasIn this study we review the theoretical approach behind the capital structure decisions by presenting the ideas of the Modigliani and Miller (1958) Theorem that was based on the perfect capital markets world and with the argument of the law of one price. We show that there are two useful theories in the firm’s financing decision: the Trade‐off theory, which builds on Modigliani and Miller’s original arguments and identifies several relevant factors in determining a firm’s capital structure (such as taxes, costs of financial distress, and agency costs and benefits of debt), and the Pecking Order Theory of Myers and Majluf (1984). Further in this study we describe the evolution of the capital structure of the 16 largest listed non‐financial Portuguese firms (“PSI‐16”) during the recent crisis peaking in 2008. We present a description of the level debt (and net debt) compared to the book value and to the market value of the equity of such firms (debt to equity ratio). We find some evidence consistent with both theories. In particular we find a cautious utilization of debt due to higher risk of bankruptcy (and its costs), but still taking advantage of the interest tax shield (consistent with the trade‐off theory view), and an increase in retained earnings and absence of new issues (consistent with the pecking order theory). We explain that the firms’ financing decision can depend of several factors pointed by the Trade‐off Theory, such as tax advantages of using debt, agency costs and benefits of debt, and costs associated with financial distress. Yet, in times of crisis firms may prefer to use internal rather than external financing mainly because of asymmetry of information.
No presente estudo, fazemos uma revisão da literatura em relação às decisões de estrutura de capital através da apresentação do Teorema de Modigliani e Miller (1958), sendo este baseado num mercado de capitais perfeito com o argumento assente na Lei do Preço Único. Mostramos que existem duas teorias úteis para a decisão de financiamento de uma empresa: a Trade‐off Theory, que está assente sobre os argumentos originais de Modigliani e Miller e identifica vários factores relevantes na determinação da estrutura de capital de uma empresa (como os impostos, os custos de financial distress, custos de agência e benefícios do uso de dívida); e a Pecking Order Theory de Myers e Majluf (1984). Mais além neste estudo, descrevemos a evolução da estrutura de capital das 16 maiores empresas cotadas portuguesas não financeiras (“PSI‐ 16”) durante a recente crise que teve o seu pico em 2008. Apresentamos uma descrição do nível de dívida (e dívida líquida) comparada com o valor contabilístico e o valor de mercado das empresas (rácio debt to equity). Pudemos encontrar alguma evidência consistente com ambas as teorias. Por um lado, as empresas mostram uma certa cautela na utilização de dívida devido ao aumento do risco de falência (e os seus custos), mas ainda tirando vantagem do interest tax shield (consistente com a visão da Trade‐off Theory). Por outro lado, verificamos um aumento dos lucros retidos e nenhuma nova emissão (consistente com a Pecking Order Theory). Concluímos que as decisões de financiamento de uma empresa dependerão de diversos factores apontados pela Tradeoff Theory, como as vantagens fiscais na utilização de dívida, custos de agência e benefícios do uso de dívida, e custos associados com financial distress. Ainda, em tempos de crise as empresas podem preferir usar financiamento interno no lugar de externo, principalmente devido à assimetria de informação.
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Feranita, Faranita. "Collaborative innovation in family firms : collaborating within and beyond". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/125615/.
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This dissertation is organised in four chapters. In Chapter 1, I present an overview of the thesis depicting rationale behind study, research methodology, empirical settings, and data collection. Further, I reflect on my PhD journey, from a student to an independent researcher. Chapter 2 consists of the first research paper of this dissertation - Collaborative innovation in family firms: Past research, current debates and agenda for future research. The paper presented in Chapter 2 has been published in Journal of Family Business Strategy, volume 8, issue 3, 2017. The paper has been presented at International Family Enterprise Research Academy (IFERA) 2017 Annual Conference Zadar, Croatia and received tremendous positive response. Chapter 3 contains the research paper - The transaction cost approach to collaborative innovation in family firms: A process of internal collaboration through integration of human assets, an empirical research that is based on a longitudinal single case study on an innovative family firm based on the North-west of UK. The paper has been presented at Alliance Manchester Business School Doctoral and Research Conference 2017 and Northern Advanced Research Training Initiative (NARTI) 12th Annual Doctoral Conference. The paper has also been presented at the Annual Family Business Day 2017, organized by Centre for Family Business at Lancaster University Management School and received many helpful feedback for improvements. Chapter 4 encloses the research paper – Forming international collaborative innovation and government funding as a doubleedged sword. This empirical paper presents a longitudinal comparative case study sampling on Lancaster China Catalyst Programme (LCCP), with the support from the LCCP team. The paper has been presented at a PhD workshop held by the Department of Entrepreneurship, Strategy, and Innovation within Lancaster University Management School on 4th December 2017. The aim of each of the three research pieces of this dissertation is to contribute to the advancement of our knowledge on collaborative innovation in family firms by which collaborations within and beyond enable family firms to innovate. First research paper provides literature review on collaborative innovation from both general management and family business literature, and opens up future research avenues. While the second research paper examines the internal aspect of collaborations, third research paper examines the external aspect of collaborations.
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Rezaee, Vessal Sara. "Collaboration Within and Between Firms in a Supply Chain". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLH004.
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La qualité de la collaboration au sein et entre les entreprises dans une chaîne d'approvisionnement est l'une des principales préoccupations étudiées dans la gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement et la littérature économique. Il existe de nombreuses forces qui affectent le niveau de collaboration dans différents contextes hiérarchiques: la collaboration au sein des entreprises (au niveau de l'équipe (groupe)) et entre les entreprises (au niveau de l'entreprise) (Drago and Turnbull, 1988; Siemsen, Balasubramanian, and Roth, 2007). La collaboration et la communication au sein des entreprises et entre les entreprises sont étudiées dans des publications antérieures sous différents aspects et par des méthodes analytiques (Gibbons, 2005) et non analytiques (Mortensen and Neeley, 2012). Cette thèse se concentre sur la collaboration et la coopération entre les différentes parties, soit dans une entreprise, soit entre différentes entreprises dans une chaîne d'approvisionnement, dans différents contextes.Ce travail est compose du trois chapitres. Dans le premier chapitre, je discute de la conception des incitations, spécifiquement dans le contexte du développement du produit et de la manière dont les différents types de collaboration affectent la composition optimale de l'équipe dans la conception d'un produit. Dans le second chapitre, je me concentre sur la collaboration d'un fournisseur et de différents détaillants pour améliorer la durabilité d'une chaîne d'approvisionnement en termes d'amélioration du bien-être socialtour en réduisant. Dans le dernier chapitre, je considère la collaboration entre un fournisseur et différents acheteurs. L'objectif principal de ce chapitre est d'étudier la sous-traitance des acheteurs par rapport à la décision d'approvisionnement dans une chaîne d'approvisionnement en présence d'apprentissage par action par les acteurs, compte tenu de l'effet de la concurrence sur le marchéThe quality of collaboration within and between firms in a supply chain is one of the main concerns which is studied in supply chain management and economics literature. There are many forces that affect the level of collaboration in different hierarchical settings: collaboration within firms (in team (group) level) and between firms (in firm level) (Drago and Turnbull, 1988; Siemsen, Balasubramanian, and Roth, 2007). Collaboration and communication within firms and between firms is studied in previous literature from different aspects and through analytical (Gibbons, 2005) and non-analytical methods (Mortensen and Neeley, 2012). This dissertation focuses on collaboration and cooperation between different parties, either within a firm or among different firms in a supply chain, in different contexts.This thesis consists of three chapters. In the first chapter, I discuss incentive design specifically in the context of product development and how different types of collaboration affect optimal team composition in designing a product. In the second chapter, I focus on collaboration among a supplier and different retailers to improve sustainability in a supply chain in terms of improving social welfare by lowering waste in the supply chain. In the last chapter, I consider the collaboration among a supplier and different buyers. The main purpose of this chapter is to study buyers' outsourcing versus in-sourcing decision in a supply chain in the presence of learning-by-doing by players, considering the effect of competition in the market
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Wearne, Olivia y oliviawearne@hotmail com. "Crater Lake: A Study of the Monster Within". RMIT University. Creative Media, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081209.160136.
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Peirano, María Paz. "Contemporary Chilean cinema : film practices and narratives of national cinema within the Chilean 'film community'". Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/50776/.
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This thesis presents an anthropological perspective on the film production practices and narratives underlying the construction of contemporary Chilean national cinema. Based on a multi-sited ‘travelling’ ethnography, it reflects on small, peripheral film production in a transnational neoliberal context, where ‘local’ and ‘global’ trends converge, and focuses on the case of Chilean cinema, which has expanded its production, global circulation and exhibition. The research is grounded in the film experiences of the Chilean film community, a network of film professionals (filmmakers, critics, exhibitors and other film agents) involved in the construction of national cinema. The thesis provides a contextually-based perspective on national film, which is uncommon in both Anthropology and Film Studies, seeking to expand the still emerging field of anthropology of cinema. More than as a group of ‘national’ films, Chilean cinema is understood as both an art world and a field of cultural production, arguing that ‘national cinema’ is both a cultural artifact and a social practice, which is constructed in permanent negotiations between Chilean professionals and other agents in the field. The thesis claims that the film experience of Chilean professionals is part of a broader experience of globalisation, and discusses the formation of artistic, professional and national subjectivities in the neoliberal context, where the identity of Chilean ‘national’ cinema is often contested. It then deconstructs the idea of national cinema as a bounded cultural product, highlighting the overlapping social and cultural traits that affect Chileans’ creative processes. The thesis examines the ways in which Chilean professionals have made sense of this transnational context, reshaping both their social performances and their cinematographic imagination. By referring to the case of Chilean cinema, the thesis shows the complexities of building a contemporary peripheral film industry. It discusses the construction of national communities, cultural commodification, precarious global labour conditions, and the role of national and international social networks in media production. It argues that Chilean cinema practices, particularly at international film festivals, evince overlapping narratives of art and business as well as localism and cosmopolitanism, revealing some of the cultural paradoxes of local film production.
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Silva, Josmary Rodrigues. "Filmes ultrafinos de polímeros contendo cromóforos de azobenzeno". Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-15102014-115537/.
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Foram investigadas as propriedades de formação de filmes de Langmuir e as propriedades ópticas e elétricas de filmes mistos de Langmuir-Blodgeti (LB) preparados com os polímeros HPDR13, MMA-DR13 e IPDI-DR19CI com adição de estearato de cádmio (CdSt). Para caracterizar os polímeros foram usadas as técnicas de calorimetria diferencial de varredura, espectroscopia ultravioleta-visível (W-Vis) e difração de raios X. As medidas de isotermas de pressão e de potencial de superfície com os filmes Langmuir mostraram que ocorre agregação molecular associada a interações dipolares. Medidas de absorção no W-Vis mostraram que os agregados dipolares formados são do tipo-J. As investigações dos sistemas poliméricos mostraram que o sinal da birrefringência fotoinduzida pode depender do número de camadas LB, potência da luz de excitação e temperatura. Funções com duas exponenciais e de Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts foram usadas de forma sistemática para analisar as curvas de crescimento e decaimento do sinal de birrefringência. As dependências das constantes de tempo das funções citadas também foram analisadas em função da temperatura. Observou-se que os filmes de IPDI-DR19CI/CdSt apresentam os resultados mais regulares e mais reprodutíveis para a birrefringência fotoinduzida. Isso foi atribuído a maior homogeneidade desse tipo de filme devida a menor agregação dipolar. Experimentos realizados em baixa temperatura com o polímero MMA-DRI 13 mostraram que o sinal máximo da birrefringência fotoinduzida aumenta até 120 K e diminui acima desse valor. 0s resultados abaixo de 120 K foram analisados a luz da teoria do volume livre local e dos mecanismos de fotoisomerização e difusão rotacional térmica As medidas elétricas com os filmes LB mostraram que todos os filmes poliméricos apresentam um r e m e de condução ôhmico em baixos campos elétricos e um outro regime não ôhmico atribuído a injeção de portadores no volume do material. Concluiu-se das medidas elétrica que o CdSt determina as propriedades de condução dos filmes LB mistosThe formation of Langmuir films and the optical and electrical properties of mixed Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films were studied. Films were prepared using cadmium stearate (CdSt) and the polymers HPDR13, MMA-DR13 and IPDI-DR19CI. These polymers were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry, visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy (UVVis) and X-ray- diffraction. Surface pressure and surface potential isotherms of the Langmuir films indicated the presence of molecular aggregation due to dipolar interactions. UV-Vis spectroscopy suggested J-type aggregation of dipoles. Measurements on mixed LB film showed that the photoinduced birefringence depends on the number of LB layers, the power of excitation light and on the temper-re. A double exponential function and the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function were used for analyzing the experimental curves of growth and decay of the birefringence signal. The dependence of time constants of such functions on the temperature was also analyzed. Mixed LB films of IPDI-DR19CI/CdSt presented the most reproducible results of photoinduced birefringence, which was attributed to the better homogeneity of this type film probably due to the low dipolar aggregation. Experiments carried out with the polymer MMA-DRI3 at low temperatures revealed that the maximum of birefringence increases up to 120 K and then decreases for higher temperatures. Results under 120 K were analyzed using the free local volume theory and included photoisomerization and thermal rotational diffusion processes. Electrical measurements of LB films showed that all LB films present an ohmic conduction regime at low electric fields and a non-ohmic regime attributed to charge carrier injection into the film bulk. It is concluded that CdSt determines the conduction properties of mixed LB films
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Eklund, Per. "Multifunctional nanostructured Ti-Si-C thin films". Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8860.
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Mtya, Amanda. "Evaluation of building information modelling (BIM) adoption, capability and maturity within South African consulting and construction firms". Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30916.
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The Construction Industry Indicators (CIIs) continue to reflect a steady growth in the level of client dissatisfaction with the performance of contractors and consultants on construction projects whilst firms in the industry battle for survival. In order to survive in the highly competitive construction market, firms within the industry, need a paradigm shift. To move from traditional project delivery methodologies which continue to yield unsatisfactory results to innovative project delivery methods and practices. With the advancements in computational technologies and processes, the industry needs to move towards integrated, collaborative and computable processes, to increase productivity, efficiency, infrastructure value, quality and sustainability, reduce lifecycle costs, lead times and duplications. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the innovative project delivery method that helps reduce fragmentation and provides opportunities for enhanced collaboration and distributed project development. BIM is slowly gaining momentum in the South African construction industry. Even though there is an abundance of industry discussions and academic literature professing the ability of BIM methodologies to increase productivity, scholars have found that it has not yet been coupled with the availability of useful metrics, knowledge and tools to reliably measure BIM benefits. Few organisations and individuals have been exposed to some BIM tools whilst many still lack thorough understanding of BIM as a project delivery method. To capture the full benefit of BIM methodologies, firms in project networks must coordinate and develop interoperable business practices and procedures. This study assessed the level of BIM adoption, capability and maturity in consulting and construction firms and evaluated if there were differences in the level of adoption, capability and maturity of BIM between consulting and construction firms. The study also evaluated the relationship between level of BIM maturity and project performance of consulting and construction firms. The study found that there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of BIM capability and project performance. Lastly, the study reports on the current perceived benefits of BIM in the South African construction industry.
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Thnarudee, Chatchai. "Interaction dynamics of strategic planning within m-form based firms". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6576.
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A crucial limitation of research on strategic planning is that it has always viewed
strategic planning as a single process in a corporation. In practice, strategic
planning in complex multi-business corporations has evolved into a network of
multi-level and multi-unit strategic planning processes. This makes it challenging
for managers and strategists to undertake the activities needed to run those strategic
planning systems effectively. The interactions between strategy practitioners as
they enact those planning processes play a crucial role in determining effectiveness
of the planning process as a whole.
Therefore, this thesis is based on a conceptual framework that represents strategic
planning as a network of collaboration amongst quasi-independent processes taking
place across multiple levels and units. This thesis adopts an embedded design
within two in-depth case studies and one pilot case study to examine the
strategising activities, practices and interaction dynamics of strategic planning
within the M-form based firms. The result articulates the dynamics of strategy
practitioners’ interactions in a series of four generic interaction patterns: (1) the
Bilateral Scheme, (2) the Cohesive Facilitation Scheme, (3) the Ambassadorial
Coordination Scheme, and (4) the Supervisory Driven Scheme. The result also sheds
light on the extended roles of strategic planning within a multi-level and multi-unit
environment, and on how different actors contribute to the vertical and horizontal
aspects of strategic planning.
The findings of this research have implications for both theory and practice. This
thesis mainly contributes to strategy as practice perspective, strategic planning
literature, organisational theory, situated learning literature, sensemaking
perspective on practice, power theory, and agency theory. Theoretically, this study
introduces a new method for examining the practice of strategic planning based on
studying strategic planning links between practitioners representing horizontally as
well as vertically differentiated units. In doing so, I have represented strategic
planning as a multi-unit as well as a multi-level process, and hence have been able
to show how it operates as a network of collaborative relationships and activities.
This extends the view of strategic planning prevailing in the literature, which
portrays a largely hierarchical, vertically-based structure.
Practically, the results provide managers and practitioners with an illustration of
how different practitioner roles and managerial levels contribute in distinctive ways
to strategic planning from both horizontal and vertical perspectives. It is apparent
from my investigation of the case study firms that their planning and decentralised
decision-making mechanisms are linked together heterarchically as well as
hierarchically.
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Dermarkar, Simon. "Commercialization of Auditing services offered by Professionals within Accounting Firms". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28210/28210.pdf.
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Le cœur de l'étude mettra en évidence la présence d’importantes pressions découlant du mercantilisme au sein de la pratique de vérification professionnelle dans l'ère post-Enron. L'analyse sera distinguée en deux segments: les pressions découlant du désir de l'auditeur à être perçu comme financièrement efficace, et d'une autre part, les pressions découlant de l'objectif de l'auditeur cherchant à privilégier les clients et à rester compétitif dans le marché.
Les aspects commerciaux généralement reconnus de la vérification (c.-à-d., rapidité, efficacité, profitabilité) qui sont mesurés par des indicateurs financiers (taux de récupération et taux horaire récupéré) qui eux sont contrôlés et encouragés par certains processus formalisés (par exemple, de budgétisation et d'évaluation de la performance) au sein des organisations comptables, expliquent précisément pourquoi les praticiens de la vérification ont le désir d'être perçu comme économiquement efficace. De plus, les résultats empiriques montrent une certaine évolution (parfois agressive) de la présence de tels mécanismes qui pourraient mener à des effets négatifs tels que la détérioration de l'environnement de travail et à des mutations insoucieuses des méthodes de vérification.
Aussi, afin de freiner les pressions croissantes liées à la concurrence et accroître leur part de marché, les cabinets comptables déploient une stratégie à faible prix (« low balling ») pour leurs services de vérification; cette approche aide à conserver (ou à séduire) les entités auditées. Contrairement à ce que plusieurs peuvent penser, la règlementation Sarbanes-Oxley ainsi que son adaptation canadienne n’éliminent pas entièrement une telle tactique dans l'industrie de la vérification. En fait, la stratégie a évoluée au point où certains cabinets plus petits doivent, contre leur gré, adopter ces méthodes afin de lutter contre les comportements marketing agressifs des «Big Four». Cette approche crée une certaine controverse entre le niveau de risque du mandat et l'objectif de rentabilité qui semble souvent rester à un niveau standard, peu importe la variation de l’honoraire. Je présente des extraits d’entrevues indiquant que les mandats de vérification à faible prix peuvent amener à réduire au minimum les questionnements à travers le travail de vérification ou littéralement chercher à trouver l'endroit où le travail de vérification peut être coupé.The core of the study will highlight the presence of important pressures ensuing from commercialism throughout the professional auditing practice in the post-Enron era. The analysis of these features will be distinguished into two segments; first the pressures ensuing from the auditor’s desire of being perceived as commercially effective, and second, the pressures ensuing from the auditor’s aim of privileging the clients and remaining competitive in the market. The general business aspects of auditing (i.e., rapidity, efficiency, profitability) monitored by some financial indicators (i.e., recuperation rate and hourly recuperated fee) which are controlled and promoted through certain formalized processes (i.e., budgeting and performance assessment) within accounting organizations explain specifically why audit practitioners have a desire to be perceived as economically effective. Moreover, empirical findings indicate a certain evolution and ongoing – sometimes aggressive – presence of such mechanisms which potentially lead to negative effects such as deterioration of the working environment and neglectful alteration of audit approaches. Also, in order to counter increasing pressures related to rivalry and to increase market share, accounting firms deploy an evolving low pricing audit engagement strategy aiming to retain (or seduce) the auditees. Conversely to what many would think, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and its Canadian adaptation did not get rid of such tactic in the audit industry. In fact, the strategy has evolved to the point where some smaller firms have to keep up by reluctantly adopting such method in order to counter Big Four’s aggressive marketing behaviours. In turn, that approach creates a certain controversy between the risk level of the engagement and the profitability aim which often remains at a standard level no matter the variation of the fee. I present excerpts indicating that the low balling auditor might aim at minimizing questionings through the audit work or literally seek to find where the audit work can be cut.
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Strydom, Johann J. (Johann Jurie). "Risk warehousing within insurance firms and the role of securitization". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65789.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-58).
Insurance firms perform two key economic functions. First, they intermediate risk by marketing, selling and administering insurance policies. Second, they warehouse the risks underlying those policies. If viewed as separate businesses, intermediation and warehousing have very different risk profiles and characteristics. While intermediation is a function essential to the firm's role, the warehousing of those risks is mostly optional. It involves deciding to retain risks for the insurance firm's account rather than hedge the risk and thereby pass it on to a third party. The decision to retain or hedge risks is critical to a firm's financial outcomes. Insurance risks include underwriting factors like longevity, mortality and exposure to natural disasters. They also include economic factors like interest rates, currencies, counter-party default and equity markets. The consensus in the academic theory is that since insurance firms face significant frictional costs in raising capital, value-maximising firms will hedge all risks where the spread costs of the hedging instrument are low. This would seem to include most or all economic risks. As for underwriting risks, where hedging spreads are high, the decision will be a trade-off The firm will weigh up the reduced Risk-Bearing Costs offered by the hedging counter-party versus the Risk Transfer Costs incurred in these transactions. In practice it seems many firms hedge less than might be expected, retaining more economic and underwriting risk than may be explained by the theory. Factors which may be driving a bias towards risk are briefly explored, including regulatory drivers and an expectation of beating the market. Insurance-linked securitization offers benefits as a means of hedging risk and enhancing shareholder value through reduced Risk-Bearing Costs, although it faces informational problems that increase Risk Transfer Costs. Catastrophe Risk Bonds appear to have achieved a critical mass on the back of some historical capital shortages in the reinsurance industry. The life insurance securitization market could be poised for growth, but based on the history of Catastrophe Risk Bonds it may also require capital shortages in the life industry as a catalyst. Regulatory capital requirements will play a pivotal role in this regard.
by Johann J. Strydom.
M.B.A.
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Dermarkar, Simon Pierre. "Commercialization of auditing services offered by professionals within accounting firms". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22508.
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Le cœur de l'étude mettra en évidence la présence d’importantes pressions découlant du mercantilisme au sein de la pratique de vérification professionnelle dans l'ère post-Enron. L'analyse sera distinguée en deux segments: les pressions découlant du désir de l'auditeur à être perçu comme financièrement efficace, et d'une autre part, les pressions découlant de l'objectif de l'auditeur cherchant à privilégier les clients et à rester compétitif dans le marché. Les aspects commerciaux généralement reconnus de la vérification (c.-à-d., rapidité, efficacité, profitabilité) qui sont mesurés par des indicateurs financiers (taux de récupération et taux horaire récupéré) qui eux sont contrôlés et encouragés par certains processus formalisés (par exemple, de budgétisation et d'évaluation de la performance) au sein des organisations comptables, expliquent précisément pourquoi les praticiens de la vérification ont le désir d'être perçu comme économiquement efficace. De plus, les résultats empiriques montrent une certaine évolution (parfois agressive) de la présence de tels mécanismes qui pourraient mener à des effets négatifs tels que la détérioration de l'environnement de travail et à des mutations insoucieuses des méthodes de vérification. Aussi, afin de freiner les pressions croissantes liées à la concurrence et accroître leur part de marché, les cabinets comptables déploient une stratégie à faible prix (« low balling ») pour leurs services de vérification; cette approche aide à conserver (ou à séduire) les entités auditées. Contrairement à ce que plusieurs peuvent penser, la règlementation Sarbanes-Oxley ainsi que son adaptation canadienne n’éliminent pas entièrement une telle tactique dans l'industrie de la vérification. En fait, la stratégie a évoluée au point où certains cabinets plus petits doivent, contre leur gré, adopter ces méthodes afin de lutter contre les comportements marketing agressifs des «Big Four». Cette approche crée une certaine controverse entre le niveau de risque du mandat et l'objectif de rentabilité qui semble souvent rester à un niveau standard, peu importe la variation de l’honoraire. Je présente des extraits d’entrevues indiquant que les mandats de vérification à faible prix peuvent amener à réduire au minimum les questionnements à travers le travail de vérification ou littéralement chercher à trouver l'endroit où le travail de vérification peut être coupé.The core of the study will highlight the presence of important pressures ensuing from commercialism throughout the professional auditing practice in the post-Enron era. The analysis of these features will be distinguished into two segments; first the pressures ensuing from the auditor’s desire of being perceived as commercially effective, and second, the pressures ensuing from the auditor’s aim of privileging the clients and remaining competitive in the market. The general business aspects of auditing (i.e., rapidity, efficiency, profitability) monitored by some financial indicators (i.e., recuperation rate and hourly recuperated fee) which are controlled and promoted through certain formalized processes (i.e., budgeting and performance assessment) within accounting organizations explain specifically why audit practitioners have a desire to be perceived as economically effective. Moreover, empirical findings indicate a certain evolution and ongoing – sometimes aggressive – presence of such mechanisms which potentially lead to negative effects such as deterioration of the working environment and neglectful alteration of audit approaches. Also, in order to counter increasing pressures related to rivalry and to increase market share, accounting firms deploy an evolving low pricing audit engagement strategy aiming to retain (or seduce) the auditees. Conversely to what many would think, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and its Canadian adaptation did not get rid of such tactic in the audit industry. In fact, the strategy has evolved to the point where some smaller firms have to keep up by reluctantly adopting such method in order to counter Big Four’s aggressive marketing behaviours. In turn, that approach creates a certain controversy between the risk level of the engagement and the profitability aim which often remains at a standard level no matter the variation of the fee. I present excerpts indicating that the low balling auditor might aim at minimizing questionings through the audit work or literally seek to find where the audit work can be cut.
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Candeo, Matteo <1994>. "Automation technologies in accounting and auditing within public accounting firms". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15945.
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Automation technologies in accounting and auditing within public accounting firms
During recent years new trends related to technology have developed at a rapid pace, accounting and auditing are the professions more vulnerable to the change. Even if the positivity or negativity of these developments, it is necessary to understand deeply the meaning of words as Internet of Things, big data, cloud accounting, robotic process automation (RPA), artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain in order to better understand their effects within public accounting firms.
It was observed an higher research activity for what concern the auditing field with respect of the accounting one, this study will so focus also to accounting profession so as to compare the evolution of both of the disciplines affected by these new technologies.
With this study it is intended to investigate the effects of the application of these technologies on accounting and auditing field. In particular the purpose is to dig up the pros and cons of these automations within the professionals’ perceptions of the possible future developments.
The research will be conducted through questionnaires and interviews with auditors and accountants of the greater public accounting firms with a focus on the quality rather than the quantity of the data gathered.
The research questions that are the cornerstone of this study are:
1) How the cutting-edge technologies are affecting the accounting and auditing field and the relative professions?
2) What are the accountants and auditors’ stances compared to the automation technologies impact?
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Shintaku, Koji. "Essays on International Trade and the Division of Labor within Firms". Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/200426.
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Matthews, Catherine S. "Trade credit management within small professional firms : practice, agency and structure". Thesis, University of Brighton, 2013. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/1a993efc-5b21-45d1-85d6-fd6c3bffc60d.
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This research surfaces the complex process of managing trade credit within small professional firms, exploring drivers of idiosyncratic practice within particular contexts. Despite the acknowledged macro-economic significance of trade credit, little is known of its management at firm-level. The well documented susceptibility of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to liquidity problems implies the importance of the management of internal resources for such firms. Small professional firms provided the opportunity to explore trade credit management where the length of the work in progress cycle can be pronounced, and where amounts receivable represent a crucial element. Current research is dominated by deductive approaches that assume a normative paradigm and have identified ‘poor’ financial management practices. Inductive, qualitative research regarding financial management within small firms is scarce, but has shown that insights into informal practice are crucial to understanding the nuances of small firm operations, and that normative practice does not necessarily provide an appropriate benchmark. This dualism has been observed within the SME literature as resulting from the adoption of an objectivist or subjectivist position. Utilising the richness of multiple case studies this research has sought to move beyond the subjective/objective divide, exploring the role of neglected informal processes whilst recognising the existence and influence of social structures. Structuration theory provided a useful lens through which to view reciprocal interactions between practitioners, the firm, and structures within society, and a means of avoiding the dichotomy between subjectivist and objectivist research. Trade credit management was explored within sixteen firms selected to represent four professional areas: accountancy, solicitors, architects and surveyors. Each case represented an account of practice within the context of the firm, and the wider environment. Practice was surfaced through interviews and other documentary sources. Causal maps were used to analyse interview transcripts and other evidence, enabling the display of factors, and relationships between them. These grounded portrayals of practice were aggregated intra-profession to create four diagrams that displayed key areas of firm practice, and the influence of emergent causal axial codes. An inter-profession diagram summarised cross case analysis. Inter profession analysis revealed an overarching narrative framework of organising, meta-level constructs that highlighted the complexity of practitioner decision making and reflected informal and formal dimensions of practice. The role of practitioners as reflexive agents in their interactions with social structures within their environments was highlighted. Responses at different environmental levels reflected practitioner’s interpretations of their structural context, demonstrating idiosyncratic practice alongside shared behaviours. This research contributes to knowledge in the presentation of cross case analysis, framed using structuration theory to consider the nature of agency and structure within the trade credit management practice of small professional firms. Cross case analysis surfaced multi-dimensional features of trade credit management practice and the nature and location of the influence of causal axial codes upon firm practice, summarised in a final cross case network of causation. This research therefore provides new insight for policy makers and small firm advisors in highlighting limitations with normative practice and affirms the need to recognise trade credit management as an integrated aspect of business management that reflects the diverse objectives and motivations of practitioners.
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Santoni, Simone <1983>. "Institutional pluralism within science-based firms: a scientist-environment fit perspective". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3884/1/santoni_simone.pdf.
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Santoni, Simone <1983>. "Institutional pluralism within science-based firms: a scientist-environment fit perspective". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3884/.
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Coleclough, S. "Film performance : the role of the actor within cinematic expression". Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/31804/.
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This work seeks to consider film acting as an integrated element of cinematic expression, a core aspect of film performance but one which gains additional meaning and commentary via combination and integration with the more traditionally considered aspects of filmmaking. Although ‘performance’ is a widely written and talked about aspect of cinema studies, a clear understanding of acting and performance, their relationship to one another and to the mechanism of filmmaking has until now been absent. When in recent years ‘film performance’ has been offered as an academic focus, the cynosure of the analysis has been the actions of the actor and a language to describe them, rather than the skills employed in relation to the specifically technical demands of the medium. What then do we gain when we consider in detail the organic relationship between those technical demands and the actor’s decisions? This foundational question is addressed here in a number of ways. A range of texts are accessed that purport to consider the discipline ranging between academic analysis and practitioner skills. This combination of approaches enables a rounded consideration of the work of the film actor absent from any one exploration of the field. To fully consider cinematic expression, the skills specific to the technical aspects of filmmaking must also be examined. Within these fields research exists which offers a wider integration of the technical and the aesthetic. However, the specific focus of the texts in question also prevents extended consideration of the integrated nature of the chosen code. To augment the initial research, in-depth analysis of a chosen film is presented to reveal the ways in which integration of raw material and post-production can produce a final realisation of ‘performance’. When acting is positioned as a part of cinematic expression the interrelationships of technical choices and their aesthetic application can be fully examined. By no longer positioning the actor as “doing nothing very well” we can begin to assess the ways in which adaptation and accommodation of the technical needs of cinema feed into the decisions and actions of the actor as they attempt to deliver their character in terms of the requirements of script and director. Defining acting and thus performance enables us to consider their place within a unified film product, one that demonstrates a distinct and essential skill set, a craft as central to filmmaking as cinematography, sound, and editing.
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Kampouridis, Georgios. "A holistic approach to total quality management within small and medium size Greek manufacturing companies". Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343708.
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Herman, Emily Sue. "Exploring complex interactions within microgels and microgel assemblies". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52998.
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Hydrogels are water-swellable cross-linked polymeric networks that are capable of incorporating a variety of functionalities and responsivities. The stable colloidal form of a hydrogel is known as a microgel and ranges in size from the nano- to the micrometer scale. Microgels can exhibit similar properties to hydrogels, but the colloidal size of the microgel creates differences in their responsive behavior, such as faster reaction kinetics, as compared to their macrogel counterpart. Microgels have been explored for a broad range of applications, either as individual entities or within large scale assemblies. Although these materials have shown a great deal of utility and versatility, microgels have also demonstrated a great deal of complexity due to the fact that they exhibit both polymeric and colloidal properties. This so-called polymer/colloid duality creates intricacies in characterizing the behavior of these materials, especially when coupled with an oppositely charged component within multilayered assemblies. In this dissertation, work is focused primarily on building a greater fundamental understanding of microgels and their behavior within large scale assemblies. This is done through the development of new characterization techniques or through a direct visualization of the interactions of microgels with their surrounding environment with emphasis on their interaction with an oppositely charged linear polyelectrolyte. From these studies, a more developed fundamental understanding of microgels and their assembly into complex structures is obtained, and these findings will aide in the development of future applications of microgel assemblies.