Tesis sobre el tema "Filipinos – employment – foreign countries"
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1
Chen, Hong Lei. "Perceived racism of Filipino workers in Macau : depression risk and the moderating effects of coping and ethnic identity". Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2589561.
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au, H. Chang@curtin edu y Hyun Chang. "Cross-Cultural Adjustment of Expatriate Managers: A Comparative Study of Australian Managers Working in Korea and Korean Managers Working in Australia". Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080908.105229.
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International assignments are increasingly important in the global business world but many assignments end up in failure causing heavy losses on many expatriates and their organizations. This study employees a multi-dimensional approach, as suggested by much of the literature on international assignments of Australian expatriates in Korea and Korean expatriates in Australia.
Hierarchical regression indicated that their expatriate success in performance can be accurately predicted by Family Adaptation how well the family adapted to the overseas location, Nationality where Korean respondents reported a much higher level of family adaptation with the move compared to Australian managers, and Age that older managers were more likely to report success with an overseas posting. Family adaptation with overseas work assignments, was determined by the level of Spouse Agreement and Nationality.
Overall, Korean expatriates rated their own performance and level of adaptation much higher than those of Australians in all measurement categories. The Korean group may have outperformed the Australian expatriate group in adjustment and performance, possibly due to their strength in language skills, educational level, religious and socialization commitments, situation-orientation, but most importantly, due to the stability in family and spouse relationships. The outcome suggests that organizations should address the issues related to spouse adjustment in order to ensure successful expatriate operations, from the stage of accepting assignments to the repatriation stage. There is some evidence at least in this research to suggest that these findings need to be replicated with larger samples and considered in future management policy.
3
Chang, Hyun. "Cross-cultural adjustment of expatriate managers: a comparative study of Australian managers working in Korea and Korean managers working in Australia". Thesis, Chang, Hyun (2008) Cross-cultural adjustment of expatriate managers: a comparative study of Australian managers working in Korea and Korean managers working in Australia. Professional Doctorate thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/649/.
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International assignments are increasingly important in the global business world but many assignments end up in failure causing heavy losses on many expatriates and their organizations. This study employees a multi-dimensional approach, as suggested by much of the literature on international assignments of Australian expatriates in Korea and Korean expatriates in Australia.
Hierarchical regression indicated that their expatriate success in performance can be accurately predicted by 'Family Adaptation' how well the family adapted to the overseas location, 'Nationality' where Korean respondents reported a much higher level of family adaptation with the move compared to Australian managers, and 'Age' that older managers were more likely to report success with an overseas posting. 'Family adaptation' with overseas work assignments, was determined by the level of 'Spouse Agreement' and 'Nationality.'
Overall, Korean expatriates rated their own performance and level of adaptation much higher than those of Australians in all measurement categories. The Korean group may have outperformed the Australian expatriate group in adjustment and performance, possibly due to their strength in language skills, educational level, religious and socialization commitments, situation-orientation, but most importantly, due to the stability in family and spouse relationships. The outcome suggests that organizations should address the issues related to spouse adjustment in order to ensure successful expatriate operations, from the stage of accepting assignments to the repatriation stage. There is some evidence at least in this research to suggest that these findings need to be replicated with larger samples and considered in future management policy.
4
Chang, Hyun. "Cross-cultural adjustment of expatriate managers : a comparative study of Australian managers working in Korea and Korean managers working in Australia /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080908.105229.
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Joanis, Lara A. "Issues women face while training overseas". Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998joanisl.pdf.
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Plewa, Piotr. "The ebbs and flows of temporary foreign worker policies lessons from and for North America and Europe /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1891582871&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Janz, Nicole. "The impact of foreign direct investment on human rights and labour standards : an industry sector approach". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708829.
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Meeus, Wilhelmina E. A. M. ""Pull" factors in international migration of health professionals". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2003. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1337_1216733023.
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This secondary daa study, framed in social constructinism theory, descibes and analyses the "
pull"
factors influencing migration of health professionals developing to developed countries.
The literature review sets the context withing which international migration takes place and explores relevant aspects of the G8, globalisation, and the gGeneral Agreement on Trade in Services.
The research demonstrates that temprary or permanent internationsl migration occurs for employment or study purposes.
It further confirms that, despite the lack of accurate data from African counties, the number of health professionals leaving th continent has increased significantly during the 1990's.
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Sharp-Paul, Carla Fedora. "A study of the adjustment problems experienced by workers undertaking short term international relocation". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1395.
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This study focused on the adjustment problems created by the effects of living and working in a culturally unfamiliar environment. Sixty-five internationally relocated workers, both male and female aged between 30 and 60 years, from different countries, who were on short-term relocation to Singapore, were asked to complete a survey. This survey questionnaire consisted of 56 questions, about the adjustment problems that they faced while on relocation and the availability or non-availability of pre-departure training. The conceptual framework for this study was developed by referring to difficulties uncovered in the literature review on the topic of international relocation. Questionnaire items were adapted from previously published research instruments. Responses were analysed by using descriptive statistics, one way ANOVAs and Independent sample t-tests. The results of this study highlight the problems associated with international relocation from the workers’ perspective and suggests that employers, employees and their families should be made aware of these problems prior to working abroad. This study, specifically found that workers, whether on relocation with or without their families experienced problems which affected their adjustment to their new environment. Overall, the sample tended to be poorly adjusted in their new environment. Nonetheless, about half of the participants appeared to be satisfied with the level of assistance they were given before departure even though the actual assistance was minimal. These findings can create a new awareness for multinational organisations and initiate a better understanding of the benefits that pre-departure training can have in averting or avoiding potential and costly problems at work. Recommendations from this study are that appropriate training based on a modified motor skills modal would prepare and furnish workers and their families with techniques which will help them to adjust readily to other cultures and thus minimise the mental and physiological effects of “culture shock.” This will provide significant benefits to internationally relocated workers and their families in the areas of health, safety and work productivity as well as contributing to their happiness and the maintenance of stable family relationships.
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Gouws, Renaldo. "The impact of affirmative action on overseas employment decision of final year students". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1241.
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Economical and educational problems are caused by the reversed effect of the Employment Equity Act and Affirmative Action. One such problem is called “brain drain” (Lundy, 2006), The general aim of the research was to determine whether affirmative action caused final year students of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University to consider overseas employment. A literature study was conducted before the empirical objectives were reached. The empirical study was of a quantitative descriptive and inferential nature. A cross-sectional survey design was used to achieve the empirical objectives. A self- administered survey package was handed out to final year students within the various disciplines at their various classes. One hypothesis was tested. The results indicated that support was found for the hypothesis. The findings are discussed in relation to the data gathered. The implications of the research and the limitations of the study are outlined in the Results chapter.
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Faas, Pamella Misiwe. "A development of solutions to the problems experienced by expatriates in multinational corporations". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/424.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the reasons for international assignments ending in failure, using the current models of expatriates’ premature withdrawal decisions, so as develop solutions to those problems. Studies of expatriate failure and effects of expatriate satisfaction on organisational performance have been conducted but most of them in the overseas countries. These studies revealed that the practice of employing expatriates is a strategic move on the part of the multinational corporation to increase the international experience and knowledge base of present and future managers. Even though studies on strategies that companies can use have been done extensively, research still shows that a large number of overseas assignments end in failure. Failure being described as the premature return to the home country, not being able to adjust in the host company or country and immediately living the company upon return from the assignment. It is for this reason that in the researcher decided to investigate what could be the reasons that cause the expatriates to return home early. The research will be of importance to South Africa firstly, as organisations that are operating globally will copy the business systems and processes practiced in developed countries, and later bring knowledge, skills and expertise that will help in boosting the economy of the country. Secondly, the organisation's Human Resource Management will develop practices to ensure the successful and effective retention of expertise. Expatriate failure will be reduced and the process of repatriating expatriates will be meaningful. Individuals assigned will not find it difficult to adjust in the parent company, and later take the skills they have learnt to another company. Thirdly, managers generally will understand the challenges that accompany expatriation, and be able to meet those challenges. The research becomes an investigative research as one tries to establish if there is concurrence or deviation with the current models. A sample is drawn from a list of international companies that have operations overseas. The researcher has tried to get responses from companies in all provinces of South Africa so that the sample can be fully representative. The questionnaire is used as it is a common instrument for observing data beyond the physical reach of the researcher. The questions were selected to address each of the factors affecting decisions to withdraw from the country of assignment. Responses from the expatriates have helped to develop a new model that encompasses all the factors that cause the expatriates to leave the assignment early as well to develop solutions to the problems. This will not only help the multinational corporations to save on costs, but will also ensure that the company and the expatriate benefit from international assignment.
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Zirner, Ulrike C. "Overseas effectiveness of American expatriates in Germany". Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040439/.
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Adi, Rianto. "The impact of international labour migration in Indonesia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha2345.pdf.
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Pieters, Zelda. "Expatriation as a career experience". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2343.
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Thesis (MComm (Industrial Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.This investigation explored the unique experiences of expatriates who have taken the proverbial first step into the novel and unknown. The main purpose of this study was to bring to the fore the importance of these experiences in a human resources management context. Through the application of the qualitative research methodology based on grounded theory, these experiences were unearthed, analysed and discussed. Various personal and contextual factors that contributed to the experience of success were identified and further elucidated. This study ultimately illustrated the need for organisations to develop adjustment programmes that would assist the expatriation process to provide insights and skills that could empower the individual to achieve true personal fulfilment in pursuit of career success.
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Startseva, Ksenia y Vaida Vysniauskaite. "'A Valuable Link': The Opportunities for Swedish SMEs by Incorporating Diasporas into the Process of Internationalization". Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9628.
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With the conditions of new economy such tendencies as internationalization of firms, mi-gration of high skilled workers, growing importance of the knowledge and others become relevant. Having these contextual matters in mind, the authors of this thesis identify the beneficial aspects that are related to Diasporas' inclusion into the process of internationali-zation. In broad outline, this thesis is about the competitive advantage achieved by a firm which employs foreigners to work with the process of business expansion to foreigners' countries of origin. This competitive advantage is proved to manifest itself through the knowledge and competences embedded in those employed foreigners.
The purpose of this thesis is to answer 'in what ways can Swedish SMEs benefit from Di-asporas' inclusion into the process of internationalization?' and thus fill the theoretical gap in the existent studies. In order to address the purpose of the research, a theoretical model which merges the research field of internationalization and Diaspora studies, considered the conditions of new economy, was constructed. With the help of this model, the role of Diasporas in the process of internationalization has been explored and explained.
For the empirical study, the qualitative method was applied and semi-structured interviews were conducted in five different Swedish SMEs. The interview guide, which was based on the theoretical model and on the main research objectives, was used when conducting in-terviews with a number of management positions fulfilling participants, as well as Diaspora.
The results of an empirical study showed that Diasporas can be efficiently used for compa-ny's expansion strategies and significantly benefit due to several reasons. First of all, fo-reigners, or Diasporas, can be considered as holding relevant knowledge base in regards to their home countries, such as language, culture, personal contacts, etc. At the same time, while staying in Sweden, they get to familiarize with the Swedish culture, social structures, and business opportunities, and establish diversified contacts. With regards to international business expansion, this knowledge of two-fold nature is proved to be highly valuable.
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Mokitlane, Ofentse Clifford. "Exploratory study : how do Somali shop owners (SSO) succeed in running businesses in Soweto : a South African perspective". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015653.
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This is a qualitative study which seeks to understand how Somali shop owners run successful businesses in the township of Soweto in South Africa. This research report has three sections, namely (1) the academic paper which comprises a shortened literature review, the research method, findings, and the discussion; (2) an extended literature review and (3) the research methodology. It is important to mention that these three sections are related and not necessarily stand-alone sections. Despite the hostilities faced by the Somali shop owners from the host communities in South Africa, it is notable that they are successful, small-sized entrepreneurs in most townships of South Africa (SA). Previous research on Somalis has predominantly focused on their assimilation into the societies in their host countries, and on how they are led into self-employment because of the unfavourable labour markets in the host country. In this vein, there is a need to understand how they run successful businesses in the townships of SA. This study seeks to answer the following research question: How Do Somali Shop Owners Succeed in Running Businesses in Soweto, South Africa (SA)? In pursuit of answers to the above research question, this study was confined to three locations in Soweto, namely Orlando West, Chiawelo and Rockville which have a relatively high number of Somali entrepreneurs who have been in operation for longer than three years. This qualitative study explored the multiple perspectives of reality of Somali shop owners. Purposively, 14 Somali shop owners were identified initially using purposive sampling. Subsequently, theoretical sampling was used to identify Somali shop owners who were interviewed regarding how they successfully run their businesses in the locations of Orlando West, Chiawelo and Rockville in the township of Soweto. A total of eighteen semi-structured, in-depth and face-to-face interviews were conducted with these shop owners as a means of gathering data to the point of saturating their perspectives. Data collection ceased when new perspectives were no longer evident as interviewees were being repetitive. Open-coding and constant comparison was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study show that ethnicity plays a predominant role in the success of the Somali shop owners. The intra-ethnic networks and trust-based support systems are pivotal to how Somali shop owners run successful businesses in Soweto. The key findings manifested showed that various forms of support came from Somali communities, family and fellow countrymen which were also central to their success. Another key finding showed that Somali shop owners run their businesses by complementing, rather than predominantly competing with the other local businesses, which ultimately differentiates them in this way. The study also revealed that responsiveness to local customer needs by enhancing the value of their business to the locality is also characteristic of how Somali shop owners build customer loyalty. This study contributes to our understanding of how Somali entrepreneurs conduct successful businesses in a hostile host country. The findings have implications for business development training and programmes which support immigrant entrepreneurs. The findings may also be extended to inform how business development programmes would be designed to equally support local entrepreneurs.
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Swarts, Ilze. "Organisational practices enhancing positive job attitudes of expatriates on international assignments". Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06102008-170804.
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Fourie, Anco. "Brain drain and brain circulation : a study of South Africans in the United Arab Emirates". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2175.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.Human resources are one of the most valuable assets of any country’s economy. Countries invest millions in the education and development of their citizens to improve knowledge, skills and productivity that will sustain and enhance their economic growth. Previously governments regarded money spent on education and training of its current and potential workforce as a ‘safe’ investment, but the situation has changed drastically in the past 50 years. Today, many highly skilled professionals are leaving their native country to work and live in another.
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Ramirez, Punchin Eddy Hills y Aragón Oscar Raúl Chuquillanqui. "Labor and Tax Implications in the Recruitment of Foreign Workers and the Peculiarities of the Member Countries of the Andean Community". Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118767.
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This article pretends to explain a problematic that must be analyzed from two perspectives, Labor and Tax law; thereby it will provide adequate solutions. Therefore, the authors will board the problematic of labor migration specifically geared to the hiring of foreign workers and its taxations methods. Furthermore, the authors will explain that the determination of the condition of domiciled or not of the foreigner, is not sufficient with the analysis of the internal tax laws; in some cases it is also necessary to analyze international standards that favor the taxpayer.El presente artículo pretende exponer una problemática que debe ser analizada desde dos ramas del Derecho, tanto desde la perspectiva laboral como desde la tributaria, para de esa forma brindar soluciones idóneas. En ese sentido, los autores abordarán la problemática de la migración laboral concretamente en torno a la contratación de trabajadores extranjeros y la forma de tributación de los mismos; asimismo, explicarán que, para determinar la condición de domiciliado o no del extranjero, se deberá entrar en un análisis no solo en base a las normas tributarias internas, sino que también en determinados casos se deberá analizar normas internacionales que favorecen al contribuyente.
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Absuelo, Ruby. "Employability of Philippine college and university graduates in the United States". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/868.
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Limited economic opportunity for many Filipinos has created substantial emigration of the country’s educated work force. The economic opportunities in the United States have attracted Philippine immigrants seeking employment opportunities. Thus, the U.S. now has a substantial foreign-born Filipino population. Although the majority of Philippine immigrants to the U.S. possess bachelor’s degrees or advanced degrees (Allard & Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011; Camarota, 2012; Commission on Filipinos Overseas, 2012), many are underemployed or work in fields relatively unrelated to their education and experience.
This thesis examines Philippine college and university graduates’ social networks, educational attainment, degree field, English language proficiency, immigration status, age, and gender, factors which influence and determine Philippine graduates’ employability in the U.S. labour market. The Triangulation Mixed Methods Design also known as the Concurrent Triangulation Design was employed to effectively measure the complex phenomenon of Philippine graduates’ employability by integrating quantitative and qualitative data sets. The null hypotheses for this thesis were rejected exclusive of age and gender differences. Data revealed employability was enhanced when Philippine graduates networked with Weak Ties during initial employment and continued to be advantageous for being adequately employed (i.e. resulted in lower underemployment). However, lower employability and underemployment negatively affected graduates with a bachelor’s degree (particularly a business-related degree), those who were less proficient in English, and those who were Green Card holders. The factors that were influential in the employability of Philippine graduates coincided with the labour market demands of the American employers sampled in this study. The thesis found that the current status of Philippine graduates has improved substantially with a higher percentage of the respondents obtaining jobs commensurate with their educational qualifications as opposed to their initial employment.
Philippine graduates with medical technology degrees were particularly successful at obtaining jobs commensurate with their educational qualifications despite relatively few holding advanced degree, but on average this group had resided in the U.S. the longest. Graduates with business-related degrees continued to lag behind those in other degree fields and experienced lower employability and higher underemployment. Despite their initial employment disadvantage, these degree holders were less likely to pursue continuing education or receive additional U.S. school/educational credits. The findings of this thesis provide insight into the employability of Philippine graduates. Because of the sampling restrictions, the findings cannot be extrapolated beyond the scope of this research. These results should only be treated as indicative within the context of this research. However, they provide useful insights for policy-makers, stakeholders and academics in the Philippines.
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Telford-Smith, Colette. "Reflections of South African nurses migrating to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia a framework for support". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/401.
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The last decade has seen an exodus of South African nurses migrating to "greener pastures". As a result of this migration, the South African Healthcare Service has been drained of one of its most essential resources – nurses. Subsequently, the crippling flight of nurses has thrown the nursing profession into a state of crisis. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the more popular destinations for South African nurses, the main reason being the attractive financial rewards. One agency reports that they send an average of thirty nurses a month to various hospitals within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is an Islamic country. Due to the uniqueness of the enforcement of the Islamic faith and the Saudi culture, many restrictions are imposed, particularly on women. The challenges and problems facing the South African nurses were, therefore, unique compared to elsewhere in the world. This research study had a primary and a secondary objective: The primary objective of this study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of South African nurses related to living and working in Saudi Arabia; The secondary objective of this study was to develop orientation guidelines to support South African nurses working and living in Saudi Arabia. The researcher utilized a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design based on a phenomenological approach to inquiry, in an attempt to answer the question: "What are the professional and personal experiences of the South African registered nurses working and living in Saudi Arabia?" Eleven registered nurses were selected to participate by means of purposive sampling. These nurses had been living in Saudi Arabia between three and six months. Consent was obtained from participants and the ethics committee of both the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University and King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. The central theme emanating from the study was recognized as being 'Cultural Diversity'. The sub-themes identified related to the registered nurses’: - Religious/spiritual adaptation - Environmental adaptation - Emotional/psychological adaptation - Professional adaptation Based on the identified themes, guidelines were formulated to assist South African registered nurses when migrating to Saudi Arabia. Utilization of these should assist the South African registered nurse in assimilating into both the cultural and working environment. However, in reality, the outcome showed that no one can be prepared fully for what awaits them in Saudi Arabia.
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Menzies, Jane (Jane Louise) 1977. "Understanding the factors related to the participation of women in international assignments". Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5481.
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Gouws, Stephanie. "A study on the cultural adjustment of the domestic partners of German expatriates in the Nelson Mandela Bay automotive industry". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1540.
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This study explores the cultural adjustment of the domestic partners of German expatriates working in the Nelson Mandela Bay automotive industry of South Africa. The data was collected by distributing pre-interview questionnaires to the participants and conducting in-depth interviews with them. Grounded theory was used in the data collection and analysis and an auto-ethnographic approach was employed, allowing for reflexivity. The findings suggest that the expatriated domestic partners did not necessarily experience much difficulty in adjusting to South African culture as they did, for example, adjusting to not being able to work for the duration of their stay. The research has also shown that the unmarried domestic partners of expatriate employees are at a disadvantage compared to their married counterparts; receiving less assistance from the companies of their partners. Based on the findings, it has been recommended that companies refine and streamline the assistance they offer to the domestic partners of their expatriate employees, providing all domestic partners with the same pre-departure training and entitling them to the same benefits.
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Coetzee, Melinda. "Investigating the impact of "the gap year" on career decision-making". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10022007-140532/.
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Mawadza, Crispen Mauta. "Impact and implications of remittances : the case of Zimbabwe from 2000 - 2006". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/882.
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Thesis (MDF (Development Finance))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Meer en meer mense werk buite hul land van herkoms as ooit tevore, en die geld wat hulle stuur na hul tuislande kan bestempel word as ‘n belangrike ekonomiese krag. Hierdie geld kan ’n belangrike rol speel in die ekonomie wat die geld ontvang. Die geld wat reiswerkers tuis stuur word remise of geldsending genoem en oortref reeds Offisiële Ontwikkelingshulp en oortref selfs Buitelandse Investering in sommige lande. Hierdie navorsingsverslag fokus op Zimbabwe, ’n land waarvan die ekonomie volgens sommiges reeds lank gelede moes ineengestort het. Die studie ondersoek tot watter mate geldsending die Zimbabwe ekonomie beskerm teen ineenstorting. Die verslag gebruik ’n opname onder verskeie rolspelers om te wys hoe geldsending die Zimbabwe ekonomie beskerm teen internasionale uitsluiting en sanksies. Zimbabweërs wat die ekonomiese swaarkry vrygespring het in hul land van herkoms stuur voortdurend geld na vriende en familie. Remise word deels gebruik as investering in kleinsake, terwyl deel van die buitelandse valuta investeer word in komoditeite wat die land moeilik deur offisiële kanale sou kon bekom. Die studie het bevind dat geldsending in 2005 en 2006 ongeveeer 25.5% en 25 persent respektiewelik tot die Bruto Nasioanle Produk van Zimbabwe bygedra het. Die studie het verder ’n paar interresante bevindinge gemaak. Een van hierdie is die ongedokumenteerde verskynsel van defleksie van geldsending na meer stabiele ekonomieë of geldeenhede. Sulke remise word dan in die land gehou waar dit gegenereer is, of dit word gestuur in ’n stabiele geldeenheid, of dit word selfs in die vorm van produkte soos kos gestuur.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: More and more people are working outside their countries of citizenship than before. These people are now a major economic force to their countries of origin as they are sending a lot of money to relatives back home. This income plays a key role in receiving economies. The money migrants send home is referred to as remittances and the amount transferred globally has eclipsed official development assistance (ODA) and in some economies it is well ahead of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This research focuses on Zimbabwe, a country whose economy has long been anticipated to collapse but has so far evaded that implosion. It explores to which extent remittances are cushioning Zimbabwe’s economy from collapse. This report uses a survey of a number of role players to show how remittances have cushioned that economy from the effects of international isolation and sanctions. Zimbabweans who “escaped” the economic hardships in their country of origin have been consistently sending money home to their friends and relations. Money received has partly been invested in small businesses and part of the forex has been used to procure commodities that the country has struggled to acquire through official channels. The study found that the amount of remittances sent for 2005 and 2006 has respectively contributed approximately 25.5 and 25 percent to the GDP of Zimbabwe. The study further made a number of interesting findings. One of these seems to be the undocumented phenomenon of the deflection of remittances to more stable economies or currencies. Such remittances would be kept in the country where it is generated, or it would be sent back in a stable country, or could even be in the form of products such as food.
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Карпушова, О. В. "Проблеми правового регулювання праці суддів в умовах євроінтеграції України". Thesis, КНУ ім. Т. Г. Шевченка, 2020. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/14013.
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Дисертацію присвячено визначенню та вирішенню проблемних аспектів правового регулювання праці суддів у межах поглибленої євроінтеграції України. Надано комплексну соціально-правову характеристику праці суддів, а саме розкрито соціальне значення праці суддів, визначено критерії та ознаки якісної роботи суддів, що засвідчують її належний соціальний вплив. Встановлено актуальні перешкоди ефективній роботі суддів в Україні, а також стан виконання державою євроінтеграційних завдань відносно поліпшення функціонування судів та суддів. Окреслено комплекс теоретичних і практичних проблем, які перешкоджають забезпеченню трудових прав суддів в Україні, впровадженню в систему правосуддя стандартів гідної праці на всіх етапах існування трудових правовідносин із цією категорією працівників: під час виникнення трудових відносин із кандидатами на посаду судді, у процесі перебігу та припинення трудових відносин із суддями. На підставі аналізу судової практики щодо захисту трудових прав суддів в Україні на кожному з означених етапів встановлено реальні проблеми, з якими стикаються судді на практиці під час реалізації свого права на працю, а також визначено роль судового захисту прав суддів у нашій державі. Виявлено особливості правового регулювання виникнення, перебігу та припинення трудових правовідносин за участю суддів в окремих державахчленах ЄС. Враховуючи проаналізований зарубіжний досвід, сформульовано конкретні пропозиції щодо вдосконалення національного законодавства у досліджуваній сфері. The dissertation is devoted to the search and solution of problematic aspects of legal regulation of judges' work within the framework of deep European integration of Ukraine. The study provides complex socio-legal characteristics of the work of judges. It defines the social significance of the work of judges, determinates the criteria and signs of quality work of judges, which confirm its proper social impact. A complex of theoretical and practical problems that hinder the provision of labor rights of judges in Ukraine and interfere the implementation of decent work standards in the justice system is described. The analysis of problems is made at all stages of the existence of labor legal relations with this category of workers: in the beginning of labor relations with candidates for the position of a judge, in the process and termination of employment with judges. Based on the analysis of judicial practice on the protection of labor rights of judges in Ukraine at each of these stages identified real problems faced by judges in practice during the realization of their right to work. The role of judicial protection of the rights of judges in state is also defined. Peculiarities of legal regulation of the emergence, course, and termination of employmentwith judges in some EU member states areinvestigated. Considering the analyzed foreign experience, specific proposals for improving national legislation in the study area are formulated.
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Tani, Massimiliano. "A region-based study of foreign labour in the European Union : skill patterns and implications for native employment". Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148456.
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Magee, Breandán G. "An evaluation of the Wider Horizons Program in Pittsburgh from 1989 to 2002". 2003. http://etd1.library.duq.edu/theses/available/etd-12022003-142707/.
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Vacaflores, Rivero Diego Eduardo. "Capital flows to Latin American countries: effects of foreign direct investment and remittances on growth and development". 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1475.
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The significant restructuring of international capital flows to developing
countries – in particular to Latin American countries – observed in the last quarter
century has generated significant research in the area to examine its potential impact on
development efforts. The resurgence of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the
increasing significance of remittances, both as shares of gross domestic product (GDP),
have made these types of capital flows the most analyzed.
Despite the large fraction of empirical studies that find a positive and significant
relationship between FDI and economic growth, an important fact that has been so far
overlooked in the literature is its impact on standards of living in host countries. This
dissertation first establishes the strong complementary connection between FDI and
economic growth in Latin America, measured by increases in GDP per capita growth
rates, to then examine additional channels through which it could affect the welfare of
the region. I first show that FDI has a positive effect on central government tax revenues,
which is mainly channeled through its effect on taxes on goods and services. I then show
that FDI has a positive and significant effect on the employment rates in these host
countries, with female employment rate getting the largest impact – relative to males.
Remittances are another capital flow that plays a large and important role in
certain economies, exceeding 10% of GDP in some countries. The impact of
remittances on the main macroeconomic measures of a small open economy is analyzed
in the last section using a stochastic limited participation model with cash in advance
constraints and costly adjustment of cash holdings. After verifying that the model responds adequately to standard shocks, a remittances shock is introduced to examine
the dynamic response of the representative economy. The results show that a positive
remittances shock forces the exchange rate to depreciate and lowers both output and
consumption in the period of the shock. The positive shock lowers utility during the
shock but raises it from the following period onwards, improving discounted utility after
10 years when remittances are 10% of GDP and there are no adjustment costs.
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PALSSON, Matthias Geir. "Unfairness in European contract law and international trade contracts". Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4739.
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Egerdahl, Karina. "Economic job factors affecting nurse emigration from South Africa : a cross-country comparative analysis of working conditions among nurses". Thesis, 2009.
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For almost fifteen years, South Africa has been a target for developed countries' active recruitment of nurses and other healthcare professionals to their healthcare systems. South Africa is now a leading source of nurses for the UK, the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. This study investigates the underlying factors behind nurse emigration from South Africa by examining the differences in the economic job factors between South Africa and the UK, the US, and Australia, the three countries where the highest percentage of South African nurses are emigrating to. The economic factors investigated include wages, salary advancement for experience and length of service, hours worked, and employment-based benefits such as pension benefits, medical aid/health insurance benefits, and paid leave. Although not a focus of the empirical work, other job factors, such as poor working conditions in South African hospitals, as well as broader societal factors influencing nurse emigration, are discussed. The study was motivated by the fact that although the underlying factors that are causing South African nurses to leave for greener pastures have been identified, there exists limited empirical literature on the shortcomings of working conditions. As emigration of nurses are driven by forces present in both sending and receiving countries, a cross-country comparison of these factors leads to a greater understanding of nurse emigration from South Africa. In turn, a greater understanding can lead to effective policies improving the working conditions for South African nurses and thus improving retention. By using comparative secondary data from 2006, the findings reveal that the main difference in economic job factors lie in wages, both average wages and the possibility for salary advancement over the lifetime, and working hours. The differences in access to employment-based benefits were less significant, as benefits in South Africa tend to be high among nurses as in the comparison countries.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.
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ARCARONS, Albert. "Unequal after all? : non-ethnic explanations of ethnic penalties in the labour market". Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/49844.
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Defence date: 18 December 2017Examining Board: Prof. Hans-Peter Blossfeld, European University Institute (supervisor), Prof. Fabrizio Bernardi, European University Institute; Prof. Héctor Cebolla-Boado, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia; Prof. Lucinda Platt, London School of Economics and Political Science
This thesis is a collection of three empirical studies on the impact of social origin on labourmarket outcomes across migration status and ethnic-origin categories. The existence of immigrant and ethnic penalties in the labour market is a recurrent finding. Migration research has, however, drawn little upon social stratification literature, despite sharing common concerns, to explain them. In this thesis, I seek to contribute to bridging the gap between the two disciplines. I pose two overall hypotheses: (i) compositional differences in social background across ethnic-minority groups and natives are likely to explain an important part of labour market penalties; and (ii) the strength of the effect of social origin on destination and its mechanisms of transmission might differ across groups. These hypotheses are tested by first using log-multiplicative layer effect models followed by different specifications of multivariate analyses based on data from Understanding Society. The findings show that: (i) class overrides ethnicity in explaining intergenerational mobility, although the strength of the OD association differs by ethnic origin and gender; (ii) labour-force participation is a gendered process with significant differences across migration status and ethnic origin, which are partly explained by the work status of the mother-in-law transmitted through partner/spouse’s characteristics; (iii) employment penalties are explained to a large extent by parental work status, education, and age, with variation in the strength of the effect of the last two factors across ethnic origin; and (iv) some groups experience more difficulties than natives with similar class backgrounds in employment as well as access to (and stable placement in) the salariat, although education exerts a compensatory effect. I conclude by arguing that future research should investigate further within-group explanations by deepening in the role of different mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of social (dis)advantage at different levels of the labour market.
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Muller, Bernice. "A psycho-educational analysis of the cross-cultural adjustment experiences of expatriate spouses". Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19178.
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This study examines the expatriate spouses’ cross-cultural adjustment to the host country. The cross-cultural adjustment experience of the expatriate spouse differs vastly from that of the expatriate. Literature was consulted to understand the cardinal role that the spouse portrays during an expatriate assignment and to highlight the importance of a well-adjusted spouse.
This study engaged in qualitative research methodology using five expatriate spouses residing in Rome, Italy. Spouses were from two different countries and represented different age groups. Data collection methods included interviews and a focus group session to gain an in-depth understanding of spouses’ cross-cultural adjustment experiences.
Results showed that spouses arriving in the host country experienced a loss of identity. Identity in this study was divided into three categories namely personal, situational and social. Once spouses went through a period of identity reformation they were able to become well-adjusted spouses.Psychology of Education
M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)
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Motjuwadi, Clement Lerole. "Life satisfaction and adjustment of retired migrant workers". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10463.
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Retirement is a complex undertaking that is influenced by many factors. The variables influence the retirement experience either alone or in combination. Because the factors are intertwined, it is sometimes difficult to determine which are the most significant. The complex nature of retirement often leads to people being under prepared for the challenges they are likely to confront. Despite the importance of the retirement enterprise, there has been little research on the subject among black retirees in South Africa. This is especially true when it comes to the case of retired migrant workers. The purpose of the present study is to explore the experience of life satisfaction during retirement and adjustment to retirement of migrant workers when they return back to their communities of origin in the Eastern Cape Region, South Africa. Research participants for the study were retired persons (N=54) who were selected through snowball sampling method. The data for the study was collected using a Biographical Questionnaire, the Life Satisfaction Index-A, Adjustment Scale and Open-ended Interview Questions. Retired non-migrant workers were also included in the study in order to determine whether there are differences on these measures compared to retired migrant workers. The results of the study indicated that: retired migrant workers had significantly lower levels of life satisfaction and encountered more adjustment problems in retirement than retired non-migrant workers; retired migrant workers had less choice in their decision to retire than retired non-migrant workers; retired migrant workers did not participate in sufficient financial planning for their retirement; and financial situation significantly affects adjustment to retirement and life satisfaction during retirement.Psychology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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Schubert, Anette. "Stressmanagement : eine besondere Herausforderung für interkulturelle Mitarbeiter : eine qualitative Studie zur Stressbewältigung von deutschen christlichen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern in Übersee". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22662.
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Text in German with English and German summariesViel Stress und mangelnde Stressbewältigung beeinflussen das gesamte Leben von interkulturellen Mitarbeitern, wie Gesundheit, geistliches Leben, Arbeitsleistung und Beziehungen. Langjährige und umfangreiche Information über Stress und Stressbewältigung zeigte nur wenig positive Veränderung. Diese Untersuchung beschreibt und reflektiert das Erleben und den Umgang mit Stress interkultureller Mitarbeiter, um eine Grundlage für bessere Möglichkeiten zum Stressmanagement im interkulturellen Kontext zu schaffen und damit authentisches geistliches Leben zu fördern. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, aufzuzeigen, wie die Pastoraltherapie interkulturelle Mitarbeiter in ihrem Stressmanagement unterstützen kann. Die Untersuchung über Stress und Stressmanagement von christlichen Mitarbeitern im interkulturellen Kontext soll interkulturelle Mitarbeiter, ihre sendenden Organisationen und Seelsorger informieren und eine Grundlage für Workshops und pastoral-therapeutische Gespräche über Stressmanagement werden. Diese Arbeit zeigt auf, dass Pastoraltherapie einen wichtigen Beitrag in der Verbesserung der Stressbewältigung von christlichen interkulturellen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern leisten kann.
Cross-cultural workers often experience very stressful conditions yet often lack appropriate coping mechanisms. Too much stress over a long period of time influences every aspect of life, like health, spiritual life, work performance and relationships. Continuous and extensive information about stress and stress management have not brought the desired changes. This research analyses stressful conditions and stress management strategies of intercultural workers in order to show the reasons for this lack of stress management. The outcome of this research will be used as a foundation to help intercultural workers to find ways how to manage their stress more effectively and to foster authentic spiritual life.The goal of this study is to highlight how pastoral therapy can support intercultural workers in their stress management. This research will show that pastoral therapy can make a significant contribution to improve stress management for Christian cross-cultural workers.
Practical Theology
M.Th. (Practical Theology (Pastoral Therapy))
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Наньєва, Марія Іванівна, Мария Ивановна Наньева y Maria I. Nanyeva. "Укладення трудового договору за законодавством України та окремих зарубіжних країн". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11300/8481.
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Наньєва М.І. Укладення трудового договору за законодавством України та окремих зарубіжних країн: дис. ... канд.юрид.наук: 12.00.05 / Наньєва Марія Іванівна. - Одеса, 2017. - 205 с.Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук зі спеціальності 12.00.05 - трудове право; право соціального забезпечення. - Національний університет «Одеська юридична академія», Одеса, 2017. Дисертація є одним із перших у сучасній вітчизняній науці трудового права спеціальним комплексним порівняльно-правовим дослідженням укладення трудового договору за законодавством України та окремих зарубіжних країн. У дисертації визначено поняття та ознаки трудового договору за законодавством України та окремих зарубіжних країн. Здійснено класифікацію видів трудового договору за законодавством України та окремих зарубіжних країн. Визначено поняття укладення трудового договору та його нормативну основу. Розглянуто вимоги до працівників при укладенні трудового договору за законодавством України та окремих зарубіжних країн. Охарактеризовано процедуру укладення трудового договору за законодавством України та окремих зарубіжних країн. З’ясовано особливості укладення трудового договору з окремими категоріями працівників за законодавством України та окремих зарубіжних країн. Визначено гарантії для працівників при укладенні трудового договору. Сформульовано науково обґрунтовані пропозиції щодо вдосконалення актів чинного законодавства, проекту ТК України у частині укладення трудового договору з урахуванням позитивного законодавчого досвіду окремих зарубіжних країн.
Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата юридических наук по специальности 12.00.05 - трудовое право; право социального обеспечения. - Национальный университет «Одесская юридическая академия», Одесса, 2017. Диссертация является одним из первых в современной отечественной науке трудового права специальным комплексным сравнительно-правовым исследованием заключения трудового договора по законодательству Украины и отдельных зарубежных стран. В диссертации определены понятие и признаки трудового договора по законодательству Украины и отдельных зарубежных стран. Трудовой договор предложено определить как письменное соглашение, заключаемое в индивидуальном порядке между работником и работодателем, по которому работник обязуется лично выполнять работу по обусловленной трудовой функции с соблюдением правил внутреннего трудового распорядка, в интересах, под руководством и контролем работодателя, а работодатель обязуется предоставить работнику работу по этому соглашению, создавать надлежащие, безопасные и здоровые условия труда в соответствии с трудовым законодательством, коллективными соглашениями, коллективными договорами, нормативными актами работодателя, этим соглашением и своевременно и в полном объеме выплачивать заработную плату. Осуществлена классификация видов трудового договора по законодательству Украины и отдельных зарубежных стран. Определены понятие заключения трудового договора и его нормативная основа. Заключение трудового договора рассмотрено как юридическая процедура и юридический факт, на основании которого возникают индивидуальные трудовые правоотношения между работником и работодателем. Рассмотрены требования к работникам при заключении трудового договора по законодательству Украины и отдельных зарубежных стран. Охарактеризованы порядок и условия заключения трудового договора по законодательству Украины и отдельных зарубежных стран. Процедура заключения трудового договора состоит из следующих правовых действий и мероприятий: 1) предоставление документов и ведомостей о лице, необходимых для заключения трудового договора; 2) соблюдение установленных требований к работникам; 3) проведение медицинского осмотра лиц при приеме на роботу; 4) достижение соглашения между работником и работодателем по условиям трудового договора и даты начала работы; 5) заключение трудового договора в форме, предусмотренной законодательством; 6) соблюдение гарантий для работников при заключении трудового договора. Установлены особенности заключения трудового договора с отдельными категориями работников по законодательству Украины и отдельных зарубежных стран (надомными работниками, домашними работниками, дистанционными работниками, работниками, оказывающими услуги личного характера по ведению домашнего хозяйства). Сформулированы научно обоснованные предложения по совершенствованию актов действующего законодательства, проекта ТК Украины в части заключения трудового договора с учетом положительного законодательного опыта отдельных зарубежных стран.
Thesis for the Candidate of Legal Sciences Degree in the specialty 12.00.05 - Labor Law; Social Security Law. - National University “Odessa Law Academy”, Odessa, 2017. The dissertation is one of the first special complex comparative legal studies in the modern domestic science of labor law of the procedure of the conclusion of an employment contract under the legislation of Ukraine and certain foreign countries. The notion and features of an employment contract under the legislation of Ukraine and certain foreign countries are defined in the dissertation. The classification of types of labor contracts according to the legislation of Ukraine and certain foreign countries was carried out. The definition of the conclusion of an employment contract is provided and its normative basis is defined. The requirements for employees during the conclusion of an employment contract under the legislation of Ukraine and certain foreign countries were considered. The procedure of conclusion of an employment contract according to the legislation of Ukraine and certain foreign countries was characterized. The peculiarities of the conclusion of an employment contract with certain categories of employees according to the legislation of Ukraine and certain foreign countries were revealed. Guarantees for employees in the process of conclusion of an employment contract were defined. The scientifically grounded proposals for the improvement of the acts of the current legislation, draft Labour Code of Ukraine in the part regarding the conclusion of an employment contract, taking into account the positive legislative experience of certain foreign countries, were formulated.