Tesis sobre el tema "Filiere industrielle"
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GAIRAUD, ODILE. "L'industrialisation des nouvelles technologies. Le cas des ceramiques techniques avancees contribution a l'analyse de l'organisation industrielle d'une filiere technique". Lyon 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO22014.
Texto completoBeginning with an empirical investigation in the field of advanced technical ceramics (atc's); this thesis deals with the technological and industrial dynamics of the corresponding productive and innovative activities. The research that has been carried out has its first stage in the analysis of the conditions of development of the productive activities of high technology which have throw back to a coherent, clearly identifiable industrial structuration. In the perspective that has been retained, the recognition of a specific industrial organisation of atc's is linked to the solving of questions concerning the importance that should be accorded to these elements which are not usually taken into consideration by the mesoanalysis, that is to say, the role of the institutions in general. An institutionalist reading of the industrial dynamics permits an association of the productive, economic, social and technical dimensions. The role of institution processes becomes the center of the analysis concerning connections between the affirmation of a means of production and the process of creation-organisation of scientific and technological resources in or out industry. Then, the research federates a set of questions connected to the relations between territory and technology. The territorial phenomena studied refer to localised techno-economics developments (locally established)
David, Maxime. "Les zones franches industrielles d'exportation dans les pays en développement et les stratégies d'insertion dans les industries du textile-habillement et de l'électronique : Le cas des pays asiatiques". Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE21018.
Texto completoThe thesis is structured in three parts and discusses export processing zones in developing countries. In the first part, sereval surveys are presented to develop our understanding of the use of the concept of the free zone ( philippines, mauritius, mexico, hong-kong, china ). The second part - theoretical - sums up the whole analysis of international trade, from the classicis to the most modern thinkers, making a connection with models integrating the free zone approach ( hamada, grubel, rodriguez ). The third and last point is devoted to the historical and present development of asian countries as well as the textile and electronics industries which are essential for epz, for asia and the third world in general. The conclusion recapitulates the main points and attempts an evaluation of epz effects : although useful, they are not sufficient to develop the third world countries
Guedj, Cyril. "Elaboration, caracterisation et modelisation d'heterostructures silicium germanium carbone sur silicium. Applications industrielles des composes a base de si, ge, ou c (filiere iv-iv)". Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112397.
Texto completoAssogba, Guillaume. "Les dynamiques industrielles des filières : une application au domaine des oléo-protéagineux". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0443/document.
Texto completoThe popular concept, within the French school of industrial economics and of industrial policies, filiere from post-World War II to the early 1980s, is experiencing a resurgence in the current period. This revival was made, in language and political action, thanks to the 2009 Etats Generaux de l'Industrie (EGI). However, the vagueness surrounding the concept of filiere, which has led in part to its abandonment, has not been clarified. The objective of this thesis is to propose a vision of the notion of filiere that will make it possible to understand its dynamics in the current economic context characterized by an internationalization of productive activities. In addition to this conceptual dimension, the work that follows will propose methods for describing and analysing filiere. These methods will be applied to the field of oleo-proteaginous. The first part of the thesis will return to the statistical meanings and methods traditionally associated with the concept of filiere. The second part, based on meso-economical politics, will propose a meso-systemic conception and method of filiere in order to understand its dynamic
Erraoui, Elhoussein. "Analyse de la dynamique industrielle de la filière lait : cas du Maroc". Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10033.
Texto completoYAHIAOUI, ABDELLATIF. "Strategies et dynamiques industrielles de la filiere de production de poulet industriel en mediterranee occidentale : elements de comparaison sud-sud et nord sud (maghreb central-france)". Montpellier, ENSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENSA0006.
Texto completoPilon, Thierry. "Concept et analyse de filière : théorie économique et application à la "filière-bois"". Pau, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PAUU2018.
Texto completoStarting with a critical reexamination of the different channel economic approaches, this research tests a dual (systemic and structural) procedure of sector-based analysis applicable to all relevant industrial meso-systems. Thus, in the considered case, the imbalance both "ex post" and "ex ante" identified between foresters (followers) and processing manufacturers (leaders) would suggest a wood marketing reform. Likewise, an increase of driving effects would go first through the optimal development of sawing techniques (key stage of the french forestry sector)
Tchicaya, Abel Benjamin Lucas. "Intérêt et limite des stratégies de filière". Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN0520.
Texto completoBengaraa, Abdelaziz. "Organisation et dynamique industrielles des filières de production animale au Maroc /". Montpellier : IAM, Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36694651m.
Texto completoBouabdallah, Khaled. "Structures d'emploi, filieres industrielles et competitivite. Essai sur le travail et la performance economique". Lyon 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO22005.
Texto completoFrom an analysis of the links between labour and economic performance, we have shown the need for renewal of problematic s. As a matter of fact, we have to identify the elements founding the conditions of the contemporary competitiveness and the renewed mechanisms of growth, these latter depending more and more broadly on endogeneous factors. The analytical framework provided is rooted in a conception of competitiveness enabling to take into account externalities, technologic al interdependences and learning effects, and more largely the structural factors ensuring a long-lastin competitiveness. The meso-economic seems to provide a relevant way for expresing such phenomena. Then the interest of the level of the filiere is learning processes and externalities. This level enables also to integrate concerns linked to the analysis o f labour. On this basis, an applied analysis is carried out about industrial filieres, wich the aim is both to investiga te, on the medium run, the dynamic of the filiere employment structures, and to confront this latter with the evolution of their economic performance. Phenomena. Then the interest of the level of the filiere is emphasized, inasmuch it enables to express interdependence effects, learning processes and externalities. This level enables also to integrate concerns linked to the analysis of labour. On this basis, an applied analysis is carried out about industrial filieres, wich the aim is both to investigate, on the medium run, the dynamic of the filiere employment structures, and to confront this latter with the evolution of their economic performance
Batalha, Mario Otavio. "La filière comme outil d'analyse stratégique : le cas des matières grasses à tartiner au Brésil". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_BATALHA_M_O.pdf.
Texto completoJacquet, Lucas. "Conception participative d'un outil d'analyse environnementale basé sur l'analyse de cycle de vie : application aux voiliers de course au large". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENE002.
Texto completoHuman activities create socioeconomic pressures on our society. As a result, all industrial sectors are seeing their practices modified to include environmental considerations. The competitive sailing sector is no exception to the rule. The aim of this thesis work is to enable this sector to carry out reliable and comparable environmental analyses, and to be in a position to exploit the results of these studies. Three areas of work have been identified to meet these needs, based on life cycle analysis (LCA) methodology, leading to three major contributions. Firstly, a literature review of LCAs in the maritime sector was carried out and published. Secondly, an inventory of carbon fibre manufacturing was suggested and published. Finally, a methodology for the co-creation of a life cycle impact analysis tool was proposed (currently being published). The results of the various contributions have made it possible to co-create LCA trends, as well as a life cycle impact calculation tool adapted to the level and constraints of companies in the sector. In addition, an environmental database specific to the sector has been created
Molina, R. Luisa Elena. "Filières agro-alimentaires et concentration agro-industrielle, le cas du riz au Vénézuela". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60779.pdf.
Texto completoBahers, Jean-Baptiste. "Dynamiques des filières de récupération-recyclage et écologie territoriale : l'exemple de la filière de traitement des déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE) en Midi-Pyrénées". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711199.
Texto completoBaudry, Rachel. "Service public, filière industrielle, coûts sociaux du traitement des déchets ménagers : quelle place pour le recyclage ?" Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10062.
Texto completoAHN, SE YOUNG. "Les enjeux de la délocalisation industrielle internationale : essai et analyse à la lumière de la filière maritime". Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010021.
Texto completoYami, Saïd. "Représentations managériales et processus stratégique : cas de la filière industrielle lin dans le Nord de la France". Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50374-1999-13.pdf.
Texto completoBased on a constructivist approach, we take an interest in subjects cognition before decision making process to understand their action levers through the perceptions and representations of their world. Strategic behaviors are taken on the basis of miles & snow typology (1978) : prospectors, defenders, analyzers and reactors. Managerial representations of environment introduce a temporal continuum : present (perceptions of environnemental structure and dynamic), past (determinants of firms and sector evolution over twenty years) and future (of the sector providing managers strategic vision). Our work aims to analyse links between strategic behaviors and environment perceptions, among corporate managers. Our empirical investigations have concerned seventeen small business managers, representing the north of france flax industry as a whole. On the basis of semi-structured interviews and the realization of firms monographies, we proceeded to strategic behaviors and environment perceptions caracterization. Main results contribute to note the diversity of both elements and nonexistence of obvious links between them
Tran, Sébastien. "Intermédiation électronique et structuration des filières industrielles : le cas des places de marché". Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090055.
Texto completoWang, Liang-Yun. "Mondialisation, délocalisation industrielle et transport : l'organisation du transport des exportations d'habillement de la Chine". Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST3010.
Texto completoThe subject of international transportation organization and supply chain management are becoming essential for multinational companies in today’s global economy. The textile and apparel industry illustrates well the process of globalization in the manufacturing sector as this is an industry whose manufacture takes on a global dimension earlier than other industries. Starting from 2005, apparel exports from China accounts for more than one-third of world’s total apparel trade. Most researches on supply chain management in this industry emphasize the role of retailers, e.g. brand chain stores, department stores or hypermarkets. This paper focuses on the manufacturing aspect, namely the process from raw materials to products. We have conducted interviews with Chinese manufacturers, commercial intermediaries (Hong Kong and Taiwan), western buyers and freight forwarders. Firstly we analyze the process from textile procurement to apparel delivery, with an emphasis on the Incoterms (Internatonal Commercial Terms) and transportation mode, time and cost. We can see how the actors adapt to the constraints on transportation systems and how this shapes the way that western buyers outsource the manufacture. The apparel industry in China adopted the manufacturing model used in newly industrialized Asian countries including Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea. From 1980s, the companies in these countries moved their production chain to China and became intermediaries between Chinese manufacturers and western buyers. The manufacturers take care of everything from textile procurement to apparel making instead of handling only the final stage. A complete vertical integration in the industrial clusters in China can reduce the transport time of tissues and other intermediate products. Subcontractors in China usually sell the goods on Incoterms FOB that gives western buyers the latitude to organize international transportation. Besides, the ways they externalize their transportation activities affect the market share of international freight forwarders. Western buyers often externalize the transport organization to those freight forwarders who have their own network in multiples countries. The dominance of distributors in the apparel industry has created an environment favorable to the development of multinational freight forwarders. At last we examined the market of freight forwarders in China from the viewpoint of regulation. The western freight forwarders groups expand their global network while western industrials establish their foreign sites. As western buyers have more power to decide the transportation of exporting goods, western forwarders have also the dominance in the China’s market. In this condition, it is difficult for local Chinese forwarders to develop their own worldwide network. Hence, Chinese government takes measures to comply with the WTO principles but protect the local Chinese forwarders at the same time. This thesis shows in parallel the development of two systems, the one of production and the other of transportation, which are bound by outsourcing of transportation activities. It is an interactive process of globalization where one fits the other in a complex way in both directions. Technical development, international and national regulations, market power and historical, geographical and social features: all these factors involved in this process. In the case of China, we can see that a transport environment which facilitates the international trade is essential for the industrial enterprises of a country to integrate into the global value chain
Berranger-Marinet, Elisabeth de. "Etude et fabrication de transistors bipolaires à hétérojonctions Si/SiGe (TBH) intégrés dans une filière BiCMOS industrielle 0. 5µ". Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0026.
Texto completoThis work deals with Si/SiGe Hetero junction Bipolar Transistors (SiGe HBTs). We present our method for integrating HBTs into a Bi CM OS process from the CNET -SGS Thomson Joint Center. Firstly, the main parameters (Ge profile, Boron position with respect to SiGe layer) acting on HBT operation were identified in order to adapt device architecture to the technological context and take benefit from the SiGe base (this especially implied the set up of a simulation environment adapted to hetero structures). Technological constraints and their consequences were taken into account. The first results highlighted a few technological problems which were solved in the following batches. Electrical characterisation showed a clear improvement of the performance and pointed out the decisive advantages of SiGe in a BiCMOS technology. We also verified that MOS transistors were not perturbed. This work proves the feasibility of HBT integration into a BiCMOS process and presents future prospects for the evolution of the structure
Fenneteau, Hervé. "Organisation industrielle et gestion des relations entre entreprises au sein d'une filière : la stratégie d'achat des constructeurs français d'automobiles". Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10014.
Texto completoMoumni, Larbi. "Dynamique des filières technologiques et développement industriel : application à l'industrie agrochimique marocaine". Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10044.
Texto completoBouali, Saffieddine. "Connexions intersectorielles de production et synchronisation des flux inter-firmes : la dynamique des filières industrielles tunisiennes". Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10003.
Texto completoBlanc, Armelle. "Analyse de cycle de vie des filières de traitement des sites industriels pollues". Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0123.
Texto completoThe management of industrial polluted sites is a major issue. From isolated problems, polluted sites are now the subject of a national policy. More particularly from an environmental viewpoint, the choice of the objective of the treatment and the selection of suitable treatment techniques need to take into account a lot of conflicting criteria. But the case of industrial polluted sites is, above all, an illustration of the double process of « appropriation-disappropriation » which characterises any technical activity. The polluted site is a form of« disappropriation » inherited from past activities. On one hand, the treatment allows an « appropriation » of the site but, on the other hand, it induces an exploitation of natural resources which can be considered as a « disappropriation » process. We need methods to control this « appropriation-disappropriation » process. Life cycle assessment, which aims at assessing environmental impacts on the life cycle of products, seems to suit properly. But a more precise analysis of the method shows that it cannot assess environmental impacts of technical systems. We have called this phenomenon «the paradox of life cycle assessment ». We have suppressed this paradox and proposed. A new interpretation of the method, showing that it is a good tool for improving the productivity of natural resources. LCA can be used in a more general procedure for the control of the development of technical activities. We conclude with an illustration of the use of LCA for the choice of the treatment of a site polluted by sulphur
Chin, Véronique. "La modernisation de l'agriculture chinoise : le cas des filières d'élevage : économie paysanne et dynamiques industrielles". Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0099.
Texto completoThis study examines the modernization processes of Chinese agriculture since 1980 with a special focus on swine and poultry industries. Emerging production systems and development factors are studied through field studies in Guangdong province. When typical development patterns appeared in the poultry industry, the swine industry shows a different development path with small size family productions staying predominant. These small size productions result from land policy, rural underemployment and markets instabilities. In addition to animal husbandry, this study shows how small farms, with peasant roots, had remarkably adapted and evolved through multiple paths. As such, they allow a better understanding of the specific constraints of China's agricultural and food industries, as well as show that there is not only one way to economic development
Ben, Abdelmoumen Rached. "L'investissement industriel et les disparités régionales en Tunisie". Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOE005.
Texto completoThe study introduces and develops an analysis of the regional disparities concerning industrial investment applied to the Tunisian case. In our approach we go beyond the traditional optic (simple and global) which oppose two determined spaces growing at different speeds, to study the impact of the different territorial factors on industrial development inside each space. We try to give by this optic a real significance to the different analysis dealing with local or territorial development. In this context the regional disparity is based on the productive structure, its importance (quality) is analysed by its diversity, its integration and its coherence which indicate the development level of the regions. The productive structure of each region is studied regarding the concept of usual channel (filiere) in its industrial economic meaning, to explain the desarticulations inside regional industrial links. However, this approach must be completed by explaining and analysing the emergence of regional disparities present in their actual form. This emergence is a result of many factors: history, regional policies, the location of public and private industrial investments and the commanding role of Tunis in Tunisian economy
Mongruel, Rémi. "Economie politique de la rente generee par l'exploitation industrielle et commerciale d'une ressource naturelle renouvelable : les filieres europeennes du thon tropical". Montpellier, ENSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENSA0028.
Texto completoFrayssignes, Julien. "Les AOC dans le développement territorial : une analyse en termes d'ancrage appliquée aux cas français des filières fromagères". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7637/1/frayssignes.pdf.
Texto completoFrem, Michel. "Analyse de la filière fruits et légumes et des formes de coordination entre producteurs et transformateurs industriels au Liban /". Montpellier : Institut agronomique méditerranéen, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37028967f.
Texto completoOhanessian, Kelly. "Optimisation de filières de traitement des eaux résiduaires industrielles par couplage de procédés physico-chimiques, thermiques et biologiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0368.
Texto completoThe modeling, simulation and optimization of different industrial wastewater treatment processes using the process coupling method were studied in order to compare their purification performances and to evaluate the associated energy and economic expenses. Three effluents characteristic of the microelectronic industry have been selected as example. As a first step, a bibliographic study allowed to determine the input data for each of the streams studied (flow rates, composition) as well as the conventional treatment methods used. The conventional treatment processes for the three effluents were then simulated on ProSimPlus®. Depending on the available functionalities of the software (modules, components, thermodynamic model), some processes have been modeled and/or developed on physical, chemical and kinetic data from the literature. In a second step, new treatment streams were proposed for each of the effluents considered. New processes were modeled and then simulated on ProSimPlus®. Depending on the effluent considered, the different couplings refined the treatment thus allowing to reach the discharge limits set in a natural environment or in a sensitive zone to eutrophication, but also to reduce reagents and energy consumption, validating the interest of the couplings. Also, the valorization of by-products has resulted in a significant saving on investment costs
Frayssignes, Julien Roux Michel Olivier Valérie. "Les AOC dans le développement territorial une analyse en termes d'ancrage appliquée aux cas français des filières fromagères /". Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000550.
Texto completoAko, Édouard. "Financement monétaire du développement et stratégies de constitution des filières de production : le cas des pays de la zone BEAC". Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100107.
Texto completoThe main goal of this thesis is to provide free financing in order to build an integrated industrial structure. The study il divided into two parts. In the first part, called: "a critical approach of the unmonetary theory" the study points out the fact that financing the development from collected savings, as required by the wold bank (chapter 1), the IMF (chapter 2) and authors that work close with them (chapter 3), is unefficient. In the second part the study works on the filieres de production theory
Baron, Thomas. "Développement sur substrat soi mince de composants N-MEMS de type capteur inertiel et étude de la co-intégration avec une filière CMOS industrielle". Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10034.
Texto completoThis PhD aims to realize an inertial sensor on thin SOI substrates (160-nm thick for top Si), the same substrate used in the 130-nm CMOS technology node. The long term objective is to manufacture the sensor along with the IC using a horizontal co-integration process in order to address the requirements for public applications. This subject raises the question of the realization of a mechanical structure at the nanoscale. To realize an accelerometer demonstrator, we must answer many questions related to the manufacturing aspects and to the physical phenomena appearing at this scale. We first give an overview based on the state of the art on both NEMS and MEMS. This literature review allows us to foresee future questions raised by the complexity of the size reduction. We choose a demonstrator, a resonant accelerometer, which will be used as a study case for this work. We theoretically and experimentally study more deeply the nano metric basic structures behaviour. One of the main difficulties dealing with NEMS is to characterize the device in itself. Different considerations allow us to choose the capacitive detection and to show its theoretical feasibility. We realize in parallel the conception of the electromechanical part of the sensor and the definition of the IC sensor co-integration process flow, allowing us to get a direct electrical measurement. This work leads us to discuss the feasibility of nano-accelerometer for public applications. Thanks to the analysis of the results, we can present some perspectives related to the knowledge acquired through our study. We give some directions to be pursued for a better understanding of the conception, the manufacturing and the device characterization. We conclude on our choice for a demonstrator, and its ability to address different nano metric applications. The choice of SOI substrate (based on the 130-nm CMOS technology node) to manufacture NEMS is discussed along with the challenge to reduce the dimension and to combine together the IC and the NEMS performances
Tsapi, Victor. "Les dysfonctionnements de la filière des biens d'équipement industriel dans les pays en voie de développement : une analyse à travers la performance des relais commerciaux locaux". Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40034.
Texto completoIn developing countries, especially in africa, firms experience problems in purchasing and daily use of industrial equipments : i. E. Frequent breakdowns, absence of available spare parts in the local market. Few researchers have studied these phenomenons. Mindful that most industrial equipments are imported from developed countries and that importers in developing countries play a major role in the distribution of these products, this research deals with the performance of importers in developing counrties. After an exploratory survey in eight french industrial equipments exporters to developing countries, and the review of literature on distribution channels in this specific context, we widened the classic theoritical scope of channels problems's analysis by adapting : the current extensions of the imp (international marketing and purchasing of industrial goods) interaction model, the agency model and the transaction cost model. This approach makes it possible to design a performance model of importers in a developing country, including the development and the study of some influential variables such as : interaction between an importer and his foreign suppliers, interaction between an importer and his customers, the extent of agency conflicts between an importer and his suppliers, the importer's position-strengthening in upstream and downstream relationships, his adaptability to customers and context specificies, his ability to international supply. An empirical investigation is carry out on a sample of forty three cameroonian industrial equipments's importers. Main results show that all identified factors have a significant influence on importers's performance, to the exception of the downstream interaction variable. Further, some aspects of performance's bases vary significantly from one category of importer to the other. The usefulness and shortcomings of this research are discuss, as well as perspectives of future researchs
Boeglin, Nadia. "Valorisation par agglomération de sous-produits de la filière bois : faisabilité technique et approche technico-économique". Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10334.
Texto completoTisserand, Eric. "Les forêts vosgiennes à l'ère industrielle : Naissance et formation d'une filière bois dans le département des Vosges, de la Révolution à la Grande Guerre 1790-1914". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH1138.
Texto completoIn the 19th century as the Vosges département was going through large scale industrialisation dominated by the textile industry, how did its traditional activities linked to logging take part in that economic boom? From the early nineteenth century the exploitation of its forests (occupying more than 200,000 hectares - nearly 38% of the surface of the département) was beneficial to the development of the production of sawn products (boards and roof timbers) floated down the waterways (the Moselle and mainly the Meurthe river) to be sold outside the Vosges. It also boosted the production of various wooden objects and implements. Then the logging industry experienced many changes from the 1850s and 1860s onwards, thus keeping pace with the increasing development of industry. Logging grew thanks to a more rational management of forested areas (annual rhythm of the cuttings, multiplication of the roads devoted to transport) and produced about 800,000 cubic metres of timber annually. The manufacturing organised in small and medium sized family-owned businesses gradually came to form the backbone of an industrial sector through the development of sawmilling activities (booming of family-owned sawmills), manufacturing activities (carpentry, cabinet-making and production of various wooden objects), and also a paper making sector using pulpwood. Comprised of almost 800 businesses employing a nearly 10,000 strong local workforce (managers and employees) the timber industry left a definite print on the Vosges at the turn of the 20th century and gives a fine example of the driving force played by small businesses in the progessive and smooth industrialisation of certain territories
Tisserand, Eric. "Les forêts vosgiennes à l'ère industrielle : Naissance et formation d'une filière bois dans le département des Vosges, de la Révolution à la Grande Guerre 1790-1914". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH1138.
Texto completoIn the 19th century as the Vosges département was going through large scale industrialisation dominated by the textile industry, how did its traditional activities linked to logging take part in that economic boom? From the early nineteenth century the exploitation of its forests (occupying more than 200,000 hectares - nearly 38% of the surface of the département) was beneficial to the development of the production of sawn products (boards and roof timbers) floated down the waterways (the Moselle and mainly the Meurthe river) to be sold outside the Vosges. It also boosted the production of various wooden objects and implements. Then the logging industry experienced many changes from the 1850s and 1860s onwards, thus keeping pace with the increasing development of industry. Logging grew thanks to a more rational management of forested areas (annual rhythm of the cuttings, multiplication of the roads devoted to transport) and produced about 800,000 cubic metres of timber annually. The manufacturing organised in small and medium sized family-owned businesses gradually came to form the backbone of an industrial sector through the development of sawmilling activities (booming of family-owned sawmills), manufacturing activities (carpentry, cabinet-making and production of various wooden objects), and also a paper making sector using pulpwood. Comprised of almost 800 businesses employing a nearly 10,000 strong local workforce (managers and employees) the timber industry left a definite print on the Vosges at the turn of the 20th century and gives a fine example of the driving force played by small businesses in the progessive and smooth industrialisation of certain territories
Edding, Ngo Balog Colette. "Filiération sur les marchés à terme de marchandises : cas du café et du cacao". Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN0523.
Texto completoBen, Abbes Kalila. "Acteurs et stratégies de la filère bois : modélisation et application à la France". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1099.
Texto completoCette thèse est réalisée dans le cadre d'un contrat CIFRE avec le centre technique FCBA. Elle pour objet d'élaborer une modélisation économique de la filière bois en France centrée sur la première transformation, par un travail théorique complété par une dimension de recherche appliquée.Nous avons pu bénéficier d'une importante base de données individuelles, dont nous avons tiré une analyse statistique des acteurs de la première transformation de la filière bois entre 1994 et 2004. Nous avons complété cette analyse par une étude économétrique sur l'estimation des structures de production des scieries afin d'évaluer la substituabilité des facteurs de production. Les résultats statistiques montrent l'hétérogénéité de la filière, et la nécessité d'une modélisation afin de mieux comprendre les comportements et d'évaluer les impacts d'éventuels chocs. Le modèle, validé par un comité de pilotage, a été calibré par les données individuelles et différents chocs, notemment la montée en puissance du bois énergie, ont pu être testés.Enfin, le dernier chapitre de la thèse se concentre sur l'arbitrage entre les utilisations proprement dite de bioénergies renouvelables comme le bois et d'énergie non renouvelable comme par exemple le gaz. De nombreuses études s'intéressent à l'arbitrage entre les énergies épuisables et non épuisables, mais le cas de l'énergie issue de la forêt est particulier, car elle peut tout à fait être détruite aussi bien qu'être gérée et donc se renouveler, mais cela impose des contraintes supplémentaires. Nous étudions alors les trajectoires optimales afin de comprendre les impacts d'éventuelles taxes ou subventions sur l'utilisation de ces ressources
Khalfi, Az-Eddine. "Etude du comportement dans diverses conditions de combustion, de déchets de bois, représentatifs de la filière ameublement". Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0610.
Texto completoLornage, Raphaël. "COMPARAISON DE TROIS FILIERES DE STOCKAGE D'ORDURES MENAGERESEtude du comportement des déchets en pilotes semi industriels et caractérisation des émissions liquides et gazeuses associées". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133769.
Texto completoLa mise en place et le suivi de pilotes semi industriels a permis l'étude de la dégradation biologique du déchet durant le prétraitement aérobie et en conditions de stockage anaérobies.
Le prétraitement biologique a permis une importante réduction du potentiel méthanogène du déchet à enfouir. Le suivi des émissions gazeuses a par ailleurs montré des émissions significatives de composés organiques volatils (COV).
La recirculation de lixiviats pratiquée sur un déchet jeune a engendré un phénomène d'accumulation de polluants. L'effet bénéfique de la recirculation sur la production de biogaz n'a pas été mis clairement en évidence.
La mesure qualitative et quantitative des émissions liquides et gazeuses a permis d'établir des flux émissifs de polluants, ainsi que des bilans matière (Bilan de masse, hydrique, carbone, azote) relatifs à chacune des filières étudiées. La production de gaz à effet de serre, la génération d'odeurs et le comportement géomécanique du déchet en conditions de stockage ont été intégrées à la comparaison des trois filières.
L'étude des données à l'émission des COV, notamment à l'aide d'outils statistiques, a contribué à une meilleure compréhension de l'origine et des processus d'émission de ces composés.
Rey, Aurélien. "Mise au point de méthodes pour l'analyse de substances critiques issues des rejets industriels et de la fabrication des produits de la filière cuir". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068734.
Texto completoRey, Aurélien. "Mise au point de méthodes pour l’analyse de substances critiques issues des rejets industriels et de la fabrication des produits de la filière cuir". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10015/document.
Texto completoTaking in account the increasing needs and demands in environmental and consumer protection, CTCis always seeking improvement in analytical methods and development of new ones dealing with leather,fabrics and aqueous samples. In this thesis, several new methods were developed to be able to handleanalytical requests dealing with leather and textile materials being parts of shoes, clothes and other leathergoods.A GC/MS method using chemical ionization was developed to detect short polychlorinated alkanes down to aconcentration of 0.6 μg/L in aqueous sample and 2 mg/kg in leather samples. Alkylphenols and theirethoxylates were similarly determined by GC/MS down to 0.05 μg/L.Flame retardants are another large class of chemicals becoming suspicious. Polybromodiphenylethers weredetermined in aqueous samples and leathers. The respective GC/MS highest limits of quantification (LOQ)were0.05 µg/l and 80 μg/kg. Other members of this class are hexabromocyclododecane andorganophosphates. Both were determined by LC/MS-MS with LOQ of about 6 mg/kg.Carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons were also determined in leather samples using GC/MS-MS down to250 μg/kg.The last improved GC/MS analytical method was handling sewage sludge seeking multi residues of organicpolluants down to the 0.1 µg/l level or below. The analytical performances developed or improved allowedfor an efficient and useful control of the various sample received from the CTC customers and followinginternational quality rules
Rodrigues, Jérémy. "Analyse de cycle de vie intégrative de filières de production de biomasse à usage industriel par la valorisation de délaissés". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0321/document.
Texto completoMarginal materials and lands (brownfields, byproducts, inert wastes), the management of which causes significant environmental impacts, can be valorized through soil construction in order to grow nonfood biomass (e.g. fiber, energy). This may reduce their volume and increase use of renewable resources without direct or indirect competition with food crops or biodiversity. This thesis assesses the sustainability of such supply chains with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), considered one of the most pertinent existing methods. This thesis introduces indicators complementary to current use, in order to improve LCA’s exhaustivity and its taking into account of marginal lands’ specificities. It prioritizes impacts with respect to planetary boundaries (i.e. maximum impacts levels acceptable to avoid ecosystem disruption), average impacts in studied geographic context and added value of the supply chains. Most of these suggestions are applied to the study of a soil construction process using inert and organic wastes (LORVER). The high diversity of materials and alternative management strategies and the most certain tradeoffs and critical parameters are assessed combining uncertainty and multidimensional analysis tools. Constructed soil’s ability to stabilize carbon and pollutants is demonstrated to be its major condition for sustainability. For other impacts (ecosystem services, air quality, resources), LORVER is even less pertinent when the need for material transportation increases, and more importantly if those materials could have otherwise been used to replace commodities polluting to produce. These results highlight when LORVER can be seen as sustainable
Nyambari, Patrick Mbataru. "Social and economic strategies of stakeholders after reforms in the market chain : the case of coffee production in Nyeri, Kenya". Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20013.
Texto completoEn 1989, la fin de l’Accord International du Café a mis un terme au système de quotas permettant d'inonder le marché avec du café de qualité parfois inférieure. Les prix mondiaux sont tombés à leur niveau le plus bas dans l'histoire. L'économie du Kenya, améliorée par le boom des années 1970, chute gravement, et s'est détériorée dans les années 1980. Pendant les 15 années suivantes, la production diminue de 150 000 à 50 000 tonnes, déclenchant au fur et à mesure une crise sociale, alors médiatisée sous le nom de « guerres du café de Nyeri ». Ce qui est méconnu c'est la complexité du processus social et économique et surtout comment les acteurs s'y sont ajustés. Une culture de rente peut être à la charnière de la transformation d'un mode d'existence social à un autre. De plus, le développement d'une telle culture, dès lors qu'elle est enracinée dans une société donnée, peut être emblématique des mutations de cette société. Le sujet de cette étude porte sur la « crise du café » depuis la fin des années 1980, crise qui annonce les changements des dimensions sociales et économiques au Kenya Central et dans le pays tout entier. À travers une crise nous pouvons observer les réactions des acteurs et chercher des indicateurs de changement social. La crise du café nous donne une opportunité de percevoir les changements socio-économiques qui suivirent après la chute importante de prix. Nous croyons que la situation est mieux étudiée si l'on analyse les stratégies et les enjeux des acteurs dans la filière : Les réactions des producteurs et les dispositifs chez les femmes, d'où on étudiera la transformation des rapports entre les genres et les conflits qui y participent, ainsi que les dimensions intergénérationnelles Généralement, on se demande, quelles sont les stratégies des acteurs dans la filière ? Nous étudierons les indicateurs d'une nouvelle société en répondant à cette question. Mais toute conclusion doit prendre en compte la dimension temporelle comme un facteur-majeur de l'étude de changement social. En fait, les paramètres seront plus faciles à délimiter après une ou deux générations, ce qui n'empêche pas de décrire la situation actuelle. L'avenir est fondé sur le présent et concrètement l'aujourd'hui est justifié par le passé
Pehlivanian, Sophie. "Histoire de l'énergie solaire en France : science, technologies et patrimoine d'une filière d'avenir". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH023.
Texto completoThis study attempts to give a History of solar energy, through the studying of his Heritage, in France. In this study, Heritage means both movable and immovable objects, the memorial heritage writings and testimony that support the scientific, social, political and economic source of energy through the history of an entire country. The sun, which has always fascinated civilizations, is a major and inexhaustible resource in terms of energy. This thesis focuses on how the technology of solar energy have been promoted according to the political situation of the country. The analysis is mainly based on the inventory and study of the heritage attached to scientific advances. Researches on capturing sunlight to produce heat or electricity have known very serious times of crisis, crucial to the future of what has sometimes been considered, during the second half of the twentieth century, as an industrial sector. French researchers then contributed to the advancement of technology, worldwide. In 1970, the guidelines of the French energy policy contribute to changing the interest of the whole country for solar technologies. Many new challenges for the applications of solar energy, which have become subject of communication and which also crystallize oppositions, such as the environmentalists battle. Today, France is far behind compared to many other occidental countries. The French solar research of the second half of the twentieth century, despite its historical importance, is very poorly represented in international forums and remains unrecognised. This phenomenon questions about directions that successive French leaders have imposed on the solar industry. Does solar energy, as a "sector of the future", is a utopia? Was it relayed, since the beginning of its scientific use, as a possible industrial solution? This thesis raises questions about the various periods of enthusiasm that led to consider solar energy as a real solution, in opposition to the lack of interest that this source of energy has suffered, trying to analyze the typologies of heritage which characterize this source of energy in both the public and the scientific community
Melquiot, Pierre. "Prendre en compte, gérer, maîtriser les déchets dans la filière habillement". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0145.
Texto completoPenven, Anaïs. "La gestion des ressources et des territoires : application à la mise en œuvre de projets de valorisation de sous-produits de poisson". Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=2233bbcb-1b01-4b9c-bf64-fd22eb24cb0d.
Texto completoBeyond the technical and technological advances in the conversion of marine by-products into useful products, the territorial, economic, social, political and environmental parameters, which govern all forms of approaches for fish by-products upgrading, must be taken in account. This is essential to understand why and how bioconversion technologies are applicable. The fishery sector is facing several issues such as fish stocks weakening, recourse to imports, aquaculture rising or consumers behaviors which complicate the approach of fish by-products upgrading as it is linked to the raw material processing. Thanks to some projects addressed this thematic in recent years, several quantitative and qualitative data about by-products deposits are available. Then, the aim is to study the feasibility of an upgrading project application on different territories. Firstly based on a study of the French different scenarios, a comparison with the situation in Galicia (Spain) has been made. The comparison of these cases allows to identify factors of success or sticking points such as volumes treated, number and proximity of fish processors, qualitative parameters or management regarding to all kind of up-grading fields. An optimal up-gradation of fish by-products depends of many of these factors it is so essential to identify and to study them. Such demonstration will help developing an efficient decision support instrument (DSI) for future projects. For territories which cannot reach the specifications developed in this work, an alternative solution has been studied which consists in mixing several types of organic by-products from agrofood industries and supermarkets, on a reduced scale. This schematic will permit to bypass the ottlenecks identified in particular by increasing the sources of raw materials, but will induce other issues that should be highlighted
Boussu, François. "Simulation de la filière textile - habillement - distribution : réduction de la complexité en vue d'une meilleure prévision des ventes". Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-31.pdf.
Texto completoUne identification des methodes et modeles de prevision adaptes a l'environnement de vente des articles textiles est egalement proposee. L'application de six methodes de prevision, et leurs evaluations par des mesures differentes de l'erreur sur des donnees de vente reelles, a permis de mettre en valeur les capacites d'adaptation et de precision des methodes de lissage utilisant une procedure d'auto-regulation de leurs propres parametres. Enfin, la reduction du nombre de donnees a traiter tout en minimisant la perte d'information est abordee. Les methodologies de classification proposees constituent des methodes d'analyse des donnees de vente des articles textiles et fournissent l'essentiel de l'information pour l'identification d'un modele de prevision adapte. L'utilisation d'un algorithme genetique de classification, dont la capacite reside a explorer l'ensemble des solutions, a permis d'atteindre la repartition optimale globale
Perret, Cathy. "L'accès aux emplois en entreprise des docteurs scientifiques : les impacts des collaborations industrielles". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356530.
Texto completoDans cette perspective, la première partie est consacrée à l'élaboration d'un cadre d'analyse qui propose d'établir des liens entre le processus de production des connaissances, la formation et l'accès au marché du travail. Dans le premier chapitre centré sur l'analyse de la préparation du doctorat, nous définissons les attributs communs à tous les docteurs ès sciences, puis nous présentons les caractéristiques spécifiques engendrées par l'existence de collaborations industrielles. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à l'étude des déterminants de leur accès aux emplois en entreprise à partir de l'examen des théories du fonctionnement du marché du travail articulées avec les hypothèses avancées sur les caractéristiques des docteurs. Nous soulignons le poids des stratégies des diplômés relatives à leur formation et à leur quête d'emploi. Nous présentons également les influences possibles des stratégies de formation des docteurs par les entreprises, de leurs modes de recherche d'un salarié, de leurs politiques de gestion des chercheurs et de leurs modes de gestion des activités de R&D.
La seconde partie est consacrée à l'analyse empirique des effets des collaborations entre la sphère académique et l'industrie sur le devenir des docteurs et sur leur entrée en entreprise, notamment comme chercheur industriel. Cette analyse s'appuie sur des exploitations statistiques et économétriques de l'enquête du Céreq sur les diplômés de doctorat de 1994 et d'une enquête spécifique concernant plus de 250 équipes de recherche. Le troisième chapitre concerne ainsi l'étude des impacts des différentes formes de collaborations que les docteurs entretiennent avec les entreprises dans le cadre de leurs travaux de thèse. Le quatrième chapitre est dédié à l'analyse des effets des équipes de recherche et de leurs collaborations industrielles, c'est-à-dire des rôles d'intermédiaires qu'elles sont susceptibles de jouer sur le marché du travail (réseaux, signaux, etc.). Quant au cinquième chapitre, il approfondit les analyses en déterminant le poids respectif des collaborations des docteurs et de celles de leur équipe selon les disciplines.