Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Fiction, historical, 20th century, general"
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1
Grebeniuk, Tetiana. "Silence and speaking as forms of representation of the historical trauma in the Ukrainian prose of the Independence period". Synopsis: Text Context Media 28, n.º 3 (2022): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2022.3.1.
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The relevance of the article is determined by the current need for literary research of contemporary Ukrainian fiction works, focused on the problem of historical trauma, in the context on new achievements of trauma studies, memory studies, and identity studies. The research aims to analyze the role of the phenomena of silence and speaking in the fictional representations of historical traumas of the 20th century in the works of the Ukrainian prose of the Independence period. Methodological framework of the study includes trauma studies, memory studies, and identity studies, as well as postcolonial approach to the analysis of the fictional phenomena. The subject of the research is forms of representation pf historical trauma in the studied texts through the communicative phenomena of silence and speaking. The results of the study. As the main forms of representation of trauma in the works are considered: focus on the characters who became mute because of going through traumas; representation of the characters who stay silent on their traumas — either consciously or because of unconscious communicative barriers; a reflection of an extended process of forming of deep-seated taboo against socially disapproved ideas proclamation; attention to the situation of memory loss which makes impossible for the character to acknowledge his / her own identity; utilization of the plot-creative potential of the mystery, generation of suspense by means of narrative gaps; camouflaging of the key trauma story of the work as a minor, side one, use of unreliable narration stimulating the reader to verify represented facts of the diegesis and to draw his / her own conclusions about the significance of historical traumas in the individual life story of the character. The novelty of the study consists in the consideration of the current fiction works, which represent historical traumas of the 20th century, through the prism of communicative phenomena of silence and speaking. Connections of historical traumas with individual and national identity formation, embodied in the Ukrainian fictional discourse of the Independence period, is an interesting, promising subject of future literary studies.
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Kaywell, Joan F. y Kathleen Oropallo. "Young Adult Literature: Modernizing the Study of History Using Young Adult Literature". English Journal 87, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1998): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ej19983519.
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Presents brief annotations of 61 books of young adult historical fiction and nonfiction that address other time periods (biblical time period, the 1700s, the 1800s, the 20th century, political unrest overseas, and chronicles) that could be used in the classroom as part of a unit of study. Describes possible activities using five of the books.
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Peña Torres, Jessica. "La Liga de la Decencia: Performing 20th Century Mexican History in 21st Century Texas". Arts 13, n.º 2 (27 de febrero de 2024): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts13020047.
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This article describes the development and public performances of La Liga de la Decencia, a new play presented as part of the 2023 New Works Festival at the University of Texas at Austin. Inspired by the cabaret scene and teatro de revista of the 1940s in Mexico City, La Liga de la Decencia combines live performance and video art to explore how hegemonic gender and social norms shaped by the emergent nationalism of postrevolutionary Mexico continue to oppress femme and queer bodies today across the US–Mexico border. Through satire, parody, and dance, La Liga de la Decencia problematizes the social, class, and gender norms as established by the cultural elite and the state. Following research-based theatre as an inquiry process, this article describes how writing and directing this play allowed for a deeper understanding of the dynamics of a historical period. By mixing facts, fiction, and critical commentary, La Liga de la Decencia investigates history through embodiment.
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Khoruzhenko, Tatiana I. "“Martian” Novels in Russian Science Fiction in the Early 20th Century". Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 24, n.º 2 (2022): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.023.
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This article presents an attempt to consider the formation of the “Martian” text in Russian literature during the Silver Age. The author studies three novels about trips to Mars (On Another Planet by P. Infantiev, On a Neighboring Planet by V. Kryzhanovskaya, Red Star by A. Bogdanov) published in Russia from 1901 to 1908. The aim of the study is to identify the main stable elements of the structure that appeared in all the three novels. The author employs methods of comparative historical analysis. All the three novels are compared with each other and placed into the context of the mystical, utopian, and scientific searches of the epoch. The author identifies common elements of the structure of the narrative in the three texts (the composition consists of three parts: description of life on Earth — flight to Mars — return) and plot (interaction between earthlings and Martians, the idea of Martians as older comrades, a love story of a Martian and an earthling). It was also possible to trace the correlation of the three novels with the utopias of place and time and find out the influence of life-creating strategies that were popular in the Silver Age. The article examines the influence of the “Martian” text which emerged at the beginning of the century on Soviet science fiction starting with A. Tolstoy’s Aelita and ending with the novels of 1960s–1980s. As a result, the author concludes that the “Martian” text of the early twentieth century laid down the main questions about interaction with the inhabitants of other planets, the possibility of colonization, and the price that one must pay for the contact with other worlds. Soviet science fiction searched for answers to them.
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Voronchenko, T., E. Fedorova y E. Gladkikh,. "Ethnocultural transformations in the annexed (1848) territories of Northern Mexico and the hypothetical future as imagined by Californian writers of the 19th and 20th centuries (Maria Amparo Ruiz de Burton, Helen Maria Hunt Jackson, Alejandro Morales)". TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 28, n.º 10 (2022): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2022-28-10-64-72.
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The article focuses on defining the ways the 19th and 20th centuries authors presented ethnocultural transformations driven by ethnopolitical processes in the Mexican territories of Alta California annexed by the United States in 1848. The research includes the novels of the 19th-century American authors: The Squatter and the Don (1885) by Maria Amparo Ruiz de Burton, Ramona (1884) by Helen Maria Hunt Jackson; and The Rag Doll Plagues (1992) by the author of late 20th century Alejandro Morales. The object of the research is the historical reality as presented in the literature of California in the 19th and 20th centuries. The subject of the research is the representation of ethnocultural transformations in the territories of the former Alta California in the views of Maria Amparo Ruiz de Burton, Helen Maria Hunt Jackson, and Alejandro Morales. The purpose of the research is to identify the specifics of depicting ethnocultural transformations in the fiction works by Californian writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. The methodological basis of the research includes the works that analyze a literary text as a product of social life in specific cultural and historical conditions. The article uses a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the social and ethnocultural phenomena specific to the population of Mexican territories that became part of the United States. The approach combines methods of the sociology of literature, historical and cultural, problem-focused and chronological, and comparative research methods. The analysis of the novels helps to identify similarities and differences in the representation of the views of the 19th and 20th centuries authors on the ethnocultural transformations both in the ‘current’ historical reality (in literature depicting the ‘local color’) and the hypothetical reality of the future (in the dystopian novel).
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Luchka, Lyudmila. "Book heritage of Dnipropetrovsk region of the 20s–30s of the 20th century: historical review and analysis of sources". Grani 24, n.º 3 (30 de marzo de 2021): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172126.
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The article deals with general state of the national book publishing business of the 20s – 30s of the 20th century. The author reveals and analyses the publications of the university book collection valuable in terms of content, design, and time of printing. The history and destiny of some books of educational, scientific and fiction literature are researched. The author’s attention is focused on the problems of book publishing process in Ukraine, in particular books of social, economic, agricultural and technical content. The activity of well-known Ukrainian publishing houses of this period is analysed and a bibliographic review of the repertoire of the publications is given. The author notes a significant percentage of academic literature among Ukrainian book production, in particular the works of scientists in various fields of knowledge.The role and place of publishing houses of the regional level are determined. The literature devoted to the World War I is an important contribution to the development of the Ukrainian publishing space. General picture of preparation and printing of works of Ukrainian fiction literature and popular science editions from various branches of knowledge is created. The attention of publishing houses was paid to the preparation of textbooks for rural schools. the creation of popular serial publications was a special feature. Lviv magazines, bulletins on the history and geography of Ukrainian lands are valuable in terms of content. Materials on censorship oppression and seizure of books on Ukrainian science, literature and art are provided. A number of local history publications related to the national book heritage are revealed and analysed, in particular by D.I. Yavornitsky, I.I. Ohienko, L.V. Pisarzhevsky and others. During the scientific research, the author tries to highlight the unknown and forgotten pages of book printing in Ukraine, which are related to development and inhibition of social, economic and political processes.
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Kryvorouchko, Svitlana, Larysa Rychkova y Olena Karpenko. "TRENDS LITERATURE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY: «WORKING NOVEL», MINIMALISM, «NEW WAVE»". Fìlologìčnì traktati 13, n.º 1 (2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/ftrk.2021.13(1)-4.
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In Ukrainian literary studies, the idea was formed that «Western» literaturethe second half of the 20th century inherent aesthetics of postmodernism. However, the question arises: is this process homogeneous? Branching aesthetics of literary works 2 half of the 20th century is a scientific problem that needs to be understood. This is important because it requires a theoretical basis for the study of individual personalities / writers whose individual style have common points of intersection with general world artistic landmarks. The purpose of the article is to try to form a «system» of directions and currents of the the second half of the 20th century. This is the first approximation to a scientific problem. We used comparative-historical and typological methods, a systematic approach to achieve the purpose. In the postmodern era – the second half of the 20th century, the feeling of unconscious fear of the individual before the development of scientific technologies, before the nuclear threat is reflected. The trends of the «working novel», the current of «neorealism», the current of «new wave», the group of «minimalism» were formed in the literature of the the second half of the 20th century, they are not included in the discourse of postmodernism and post-avant-garde, because in these works there is a realistic chronotope. Here a new type of hero is formed and the moral and ethical problems of the «average» ordinary person, which does not succeed, are raised. The consciousness of the characters disintegrates, they are unable to comprehend either their ideas or the statements of others. They have no strength and energy at all. Boredom sometimes pushes them to action, which reflects the trends of the time. Intellectuals are presented as psychologically dead people who are incapable of anything, empty, doomed. The individualism of the hero raises the problem of isolation and disunity of people in a narrow domestic and broad historical context. The social problems of the «workers' novel», the «new wave», minimalism and neorealism contributed to the introduction and use of the border 20th-21th centuries by writers the realistic chronotope in the trend of «critical fiction»
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Ignatjeva, Sigita. "Valoda Artura Heniņa vēsturiskajos romānos: teksta arhaizācija un stilizācija". Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti: rakstu krājums = The Word: Aspects of Research: conference proceedings, n.º 26 (23 de noviembre de 2022): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/vtpa.2022.26.048.
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The article aims to reveal the characteristic traits of the language in historical novels by Arturs Heniņš and characterise the role and means of archaization of the texts. Four novels of the sandhills cycle, historical novels about Riga of the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century („Es, smilšu kalnu jātnieks” (2002), „Smilšu kalnu virpuļos” (2003), „Pastardiena smilšu kalnos” (2005) un „Smilšu pulkstenī birst cits laiks” (2012)) and the novel „Teiksma par Kursas Dižmežu” (2006), a historical fantasy about ancient Kursa. Desriptive method has been used. It has been concluded that all novels are written in a comparatively intensively archaized language, mostly on the level of vocabulary in order to characterise the novels’ setting. However, the language of the sand hills cycle is significantly disparate from the language of „Teiksma par Kursas Dižmežu” because the language in the sandhill cycle is created by imitating the language of the press and fiction, but in the historical fantasy, the language imitates that of the Latvian folklore.
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R, Sumathi y Sutharshan V. "THE ADVANCEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A WAY TO MAN AND MACHINE IN COMBAT IN TIME MACHINE AND I ROBOT". Kongunadu Research Journal 6, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2019): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj279.
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Science fiction has proved notoriously difficult to define. It can be explained as a combination of science and technology and development in robotics in short it can be otherwise called as ‘realistic speculation about future events and a genre based on an imagined alternative to the reader's environment. It has been called a form of fantasy fiction and an historical literature. The paper goes further with two main concepts one with clash between two people of future and the other with advancement of science particularly on robotics. First is about general outline to science fiction in short a (SF) a genre cause problem because itdoes not recognize the hybrid nature of many SF works. It is more helpful to think of it as a mode or field where different genres and subgenres intersect. And then there is the issue of science. In the early decades of the 20th century, a number of writers attempted to tie this fiction to science and event to use it as a means of promoting scientific knowledge, a position which continues into what has become known as ‘hard SF’. The research article is completely based on advancement of science and its effects.
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Simsone, Bārbala. "Erotiskās prozas fenomens Latvijā un pasaulē". Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, n.º 26/1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2021.26-1.222.
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The present paper “The Phenomenon of Erotic Fiction in Latvian and World Literature” is devoted to the fiction genre acquiring immense popularity in Western literature while having attracted only fragmentary attention in Latvian literary scholarship, namely the erotic fiction, which is currently among those genres of literature most widely read among Latvian readers and therefore titled as somewhat phenomenal. The first part of the paper provides insight into the history of the erotic world literature and the most common division of the genre into the three basic categories; this part also provides a short overview of the erotic aspects in the Latvian original fiction during the 20th century. It has been possible to decide that the erotic prose has had only a limited representation in Latvian literature, mainly due to historical and socio-political factors, because the common tendency was to euphemise the said aspects, which were often met with an open reproach of the more Puritan part of the society. Erotic aspects in poetry and prose somewhat flourished during the epoch of Decadence (the first decade of the 20th century) and after that, only during the turn of the 20th/21st centuries when the prohibitions invoked by the Soviet censorship were lifted. Nevertheless, even during these periods, the more free approach resulted in only a few prose works of this kind or else episodes in works of other genres. The conclusive part of the paper is devoted to four novels by currently the most popular author of erotic romance in Latvian literature, Karīna Račko, inviting at the same time the discussion about the reasons for the popularity of these novels which might proceed from their common structural characteristics. It is possible to observe that the novel’s structures are notably similar to the basic plotlines of fairy-tales that the readers recognise on an archetypal level. Consequently, this makes it possible to view these novels as a sort of fairy-tales for modern grown-ups whose attraction is multiplied by the fact that the texts include specific aspects of visualisation that make it possible for the readers to identify closely with the characters.
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Voloshchuk, Ievgeniia. "„…читая в ногу души прекрасные порывы”: смех аутсайдера и русский ХХ век в Неизвестных письмах Олега Юрьева". Studia Rossica Posnaniensia 47, n.º 1 (26 de junio de 2022): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2022.47.1.8.
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The paper deals with the specifics of outsiders’ laughter in the book Unknown letters (Неизвестные письма/Unbekannte Briefe, Russian 2014, German 2017) by a Russian-German writer Oleg Yuryev. In particular, it analyzes how Russian cultural and historical traumas of the 20th century were reinterpreted in the book from the perspective of an ironical outsider. In doing so, it focuses on a fictional letter by the writer Leonid Dobychin, which is contextualized with fictional letters of Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz and Ivan Pryzhov, representing previous historical and cultural periods. Yuryev’s ironic reflections on the Russian historical reality and literary scene of the 20th century manifest themselves at different levels, from the positioning of outsiders’ laughter in relation to the official and marginal hierarchies of the literary canon to the postmodernist play with the traditions of literary classics. In addition, the paper addresses the inter- and/or transcultural aspect of outsiders’ laughter in Yuryev’s book.
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David, Emilia. "Trauma e poeticità nella narrativa di Herta Müller". Caietele Echinox 44 (1 de junio de 2023): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/cechinox.2023.44.11.
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"Among the many ways in which Herta Müller engages in reconstructing historical memory in her prose is her extensive use of poetic devices. This article will focus on illustrating the role of words-images and the collage technique, in short, on the functioning of the visual medium, with its varied signifying potential, in conjunction with words, according to a logic in which the montage encapsulates a fragmentary, exploded, alienated identity. This study will therefore shed light on some central aspects of Herta Müller’s prose concerning the problematic layering of the characters’ consciousness. These are victims of the most lacerating historical traumas that marked the 20th century and they often appear within the frames of an autobiographical narrative that does not separate ethics from imagination, or the representation of the wounds of history from poeticism and fiction."
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Kozlyk, Ihor. "Being a Literary Critic: The Methodology of Specialist’s Life in the Profession (based on B. F. Egorov’s epistolary oeuvre)". Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, n.º 104 (27 de diciembre de 2021): 197–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2021.104.197.
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The article, which is historical and scientific by character, presents the current humanitarian issues of professional epistolary communication of an outstanding Russian literary critic, Doctor of Philology, Professor B. F. Egorov (1926–2020) with fellow literary critics. The main directions of scientist’s active and versatile practices are considered on the grounds of his published letters and some letters to him in 1998–2020. The article focuses on professional communication and interaction between Ukrainian and Russian literary critics in the complex modern socio-historical and political conditions of interstate relations. The letters are published for the first time and are accompanied by the necessary historical and cultural comments and bibliographic notes. The material contained in them is important not only for the history of Russian and East Slavic literary criticism of the 20th century, but also it is relevant in terms of the prospects of academic studies of literature and the development of productive communication between scholars studying fiction in order to perform the main cultural function of literary studies.
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Nicosia, Aldo. "Nāzilat dār al-akābir e il tentativo di riconciliazione sociale in Tunisia". Studi Magrebini 21, n.º 2 (29 de diciembre de 2023): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2590034x-20230091.
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Abstract In Nāzilat dār al-akābir (“The misfortune of the house of notables”, 2020), Amīra Ġanīm (1978) creates a fiction that fascinates Tunisian and Arab readers, reopening at the same time the debate on the significance of the historical character of al-Ṭāhir al-Ḥaddād (1899–1935), one of the most revolutionary social reformers of the 20th century. The misfortune to which the title refers is linked to the discovery of a mysterious letter sent by al-Ḥaddād to a young scion of a family of notables from the Tunis medina, Lallā Zubayda. The find raises the suspicion of an illicit love story between the two protagonists, triggering a series of heavy reactions and cascading events. To bring out the weight of al-Ḥaddad’s positions on colonial powers and the women’s rights issues, Ġanīm supports her fiction with historical documentation. Through the role of eleven narrators she manages to connect important events of almost a century ago with contemporary ones, up to the revolution against the Ben Ali regime and beyond it. In the article I intend to argue how Lallā Zubayda and her faithful maid, Luwīza, represent the two faces of the same country, symbols of a Tunisia martyred by patriarchal powers, colonialism and erroneous post-colonial policies, which have created the objective conditions for various internal clashes. The implicit message of the novel would be an urgent call towards a social reconciliation between social classes after an acute reflection on Tunisian identity and women’s rights, in a period of difficult political transition.
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Biktimirov, V. E. "ARTISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF HISTORY IN G. GRASSE’S NOVEL “TOO FAR AFIELD”". Siberian Philological Forum 17, n.º 5 (30 de diciembre de 2021): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/2587-7844-2021-17-4-102.
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Statement of the problem. The present research is devoted to studying of the G. Grasse’s novel “Too Far Afield”, in which the problem of the historical fate of the nation is coupled with questions about the meaning and functioning of fiction itself in the field of national culture. The purpose of the article is to consider the ways of representing historical material in the novel “Too Far Afield” by Gunther Grass in the context of the author’s historiosophy and the concept of a historiocentric novel. Methodology and methods. The methodology of the study is synthetic. The methods of the study include intertextual, historical-cultural and comparative-historical methods. The research is aimed not only at the analytics of the literary work by G. Grass, but also at the reconstruction of its historical concept. The research methodology is expanding with methods of hermeneutic theory. Research results. It has been established that it is important for G. Grass to show not the official documented historiography, but the subjective interpretation of well-known facts, the truth of which is confirmed by timeless value. Referring to the theme of the resistance of the past, the author focuses not only on the consequences of the unification of Germany in the 19th century, but also on the new historical reality, the era of the unification of Germany in the 20th century, in which the modern generation of Germans should exist. The literature, life and work of the German realist Theodor Fontane helps Grass to understand the historical cataclysm.
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Castanheira, Maria Lucia y Juliana Santos. "‘Culture as a Verb’ and ‘Otherness’: Reflections on Conceptual Threads from Brian Street’s Early Writing". Teaching Anthropology 11, n.º 1 (22 de febrero de 2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22582/ta.v11i1.661.
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This text re-examines the early and ongoing work of Brian Street and highlights the lasting relevance of Street’s analysis of “ethnographic novels” presented in the book The Savage in Literature: Representations of ‘primitive’ society in English fiction 1858-1920. First, it presents an overview of Street’s analysis of representations of ‘primitive society’ in “ethnographic novels”, then, it identifies two conceptual threads – ‘culture as a verb’ and ‘otherness’ –, whose roots can be found in this book, and that Street continued to develop throughout his academic career. The paper argues that Street’s early work speaks directly to those concerned today with examining power relationships in colonial and post-colonial contexts.
[Content warning: this article contains discussion of historical terms related to scientific racism from 19th and early 20th century literature]
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Nabieva, Vusala F. "Peculiarity of Historical Themes in Azerbaijan and English Literature in the Second Half of the 20th Century (on the Example of the Works by Aziza Jafarzade and Mary Stewart)". Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 1, n.º 21 (2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2021-1-21-2.
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The main purpose of this article is to consider the conceptual approach of the patriotic attitude to the historical roots and individuality of nations in works of fiction on historical themes by outstanding writers who lived in different countries in the same century. In their works, Mary Stewart and Aziza Jafarzade wrote about the historical environment, human relations, religion, the struggle for their beliefs, and other issues. One thing that unites writers is that their appeals to historical works coincide with their age of wisdom. Writers created their works, feeling the spirit of the historical realities of their countries, and skillfully used the artistic imagination to depict events of the long past. This article mainly compared Mary Steward�s �Arthur pentalogy� and Aziza Jafarzade�s �Baku-1501� historical novel and �Hun Mountain� story. The real historical person living in the 16th century AD. Shah Ismail Khatai is the protagonist of �Baku-1501� written by Aziza Jafarzade. Shah Ismail�s name is connected with the flourishing of the Azerbaijani language as both poetry and a diplomatic language. He has a special place in our history and his name is written with golden letters in the history of Azerbaijan. Of course, the appeal to this period is a manifestation of love for Azerbaijan. The same motive is clearly seen in Mary Stewart�s �Arthur pentalogy�. The love for her country aroused interest in the historical subject. Thanks to the legendary king Arthur writer decodes the real identity of the nation. The heroes of these two novels struggle for their convictions and during their reign, they become masters of the ruling. Although the exact period is not indicated in the story about the Turkic-speaking tribe �Hun Mountain�, it is possible to define the era based on historical realities. The Huns� migration to Azerbaijan falls approximately to the 4th century AD. At the same time, Aziza Jafarzade makes special stresses in the story of �Hun Mountain� to our ancient Turkish words. The period of �Arthur pentalogy� is the 5-6th centuries AD. The parallels between Mary Stewart�s pentalogy and Aziza Jafarzade�s �Hun Mountain� are that they describe the far periods of our age and the main feature of that period is that the elements of legendary motifs are inevitable.
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Paglinawan, Reah Izza y Hanafi Hussin. "Phases of Filipino Proletarianism in the 20th Century Dagling Tagalog: A Critique Using Pierre Macherey’s Theory of Gaps and Silences". Southeastern Philippines Journal of Research and Development 29, n.º 1 (27 de marzo de 2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53899/spjrd.v29i1.261.
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Self-image is deeply rooted in one’s place in society, as manifested in one’s involvement in its facets and realities which are spoken of in literature, and yet it is the “unspoken” or the “unsaid”– the gaps and silences in the texts– that exposes the ‘unconscious’ of the work where lies a text’s repressed historical narrative and discourse. Accordingly, this study was targeted toward the deep understanding of how Filipinos see themselves and each other as Filipinos (self-image and self-identity) during the American colonization in the Philippines in the 20th century, specifically as proletarians, through the examination of the textual gaps and silences in dagling Tagalog texts written and published in the early 20th century. Using the post-structuralist Marxist theory of gaps and silences by Pierre Macherey, this paper discusses the subject formation of Filipino characters into the image of a proletarian and the phases of Filipino proletarianism. The results indicate that there are three phases to which Filipino proletarians are subjected: from False Consciousness to Recognition of Oppression, and finally to Revolution or Self-emancipation through carrying the “duty.” The study concludes that the texts are propagandist literature, with anti-government, anti-capitalist, and anti-colonial sentiments hiding behind the mask of fiction and satire, emerging through the gaps and silences. Additionally, the portrayal of the Filipino proletariat in the texts is shaped by Marxist ideals of revolution, hence the inclination of the literary production of the texts towards the communist ideology.
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Gasparyan, David. "Reflection of the Genocide in the Fiction". Ցեղասպանագիտական հանդես 10, n.º 1 (20 de mayo de 2022): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.51442/jgs.0029.
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A huge amount of fiction has been created, starting from 1915 to the present day, by writers who became victims of the genocide themselves, devoted to the Armenian Genocide. The material in this article is presented from three points of view, considering: (a) the first decades of Soviet rule; (b) the return to their roots of Armenian writers who left their homeland because of the genocide and became foreign writers; and (c) foreign writers, in this case the position of a Turkish writer from within Turkey. In the first decades of the Soviet Union’s existence, the view of the historical past, in this case of the genocide, was assessed by official critics not as patriotism, but as nationalism. Under these conditions, the publication of Charents’ novel “Yerkir Nairi” was a serious achievement. Covering the national tragedy with a veil of satire, he portrayed Armenian life as it was between 1914 and 1920. His goal was to bring the remnants of the generation that survived the massacres back to life. The influence of this novel on 20th century Armenian literature is very great and had, at one time, two Armenian and four Russian translation editions. Many writers of Armenian origin have switched to foreign languages, starting with William Saroyan. Among such writers, this article presents the book “Towards Ararat” by Michael Arlen Jr. and the memoir “The Black Dog of Fate” by Peter Balakian. They were written in English, have autobiographical content and been translated into Armenian. This article shows how the authors, who were in a foreign language environment, realised that and looked for their Armenian roots. Among foreign writers, the Turkish writer Kemal Yalcin’s novel “My soul is full of you” is presented in this article. To become acquainted with the life of his Armenian teacher who had been subjected to the Genocide, the author travelled to historical Armenia and became acquainted with Armenians who, out of fear, had hidden their nationality and faith. He found out that the life of each of them was a novel. Fiction from the very beginning fought against genocide, initially revealing its essence, which consists of the destruction of homeland, civilisation, language, nationality, people and humanity in general.
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Kesebir, Selin y Pelin Kesebir. "A Growing Disconnection From Nature Is Evident in Cultural Products". Perspectives on Psychological Science 12, n.º 2 (marzo de 2017): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691616662473.
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Human connection with nature is widely believed to be in decline even though empirical evidence is scarce on the magnitude and historical pattern of the change. Studying works of popular culture in English throughout the 20th century and later, we have documented a cultural shift away from nature that begins in the 1950s. Since then, references to nature have been decreasing steadily in fiction books, song lyrics, and film storylines, whereas references to the human-made environment have not. The observed temporal pattern is consistent with the explanatory role of increased virtual and indoors recreation options (e.g., television, video games) in the disconnect from nature, and it is inconsistent with a pure urbanization account. These findings are cause for concern, not only because they imply foregone physical and psychological benefits from engagement with nature, but also because cultural products are agents of socialization that can evoke curiosity, respect, and concern for the natural world.
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Holovan, Taras. "Ukrainian philosophical prose: objectum fictum or literary reality?" Synopsis: Text Context Media 28, n.º 3 (2022): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2022.3.2.
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Some critics consider a certain amount of works by Ukrainian writers to be philosophical. However, there are no systematic and general works or monographs about Ukrainian philosophical fiction as a defined phenomenon with its sources, historical dynamics, and genre differentiation. So the question arises: is this type of prose something sporadic and accidental, or is it fully represented in Ukrainian literature but still unidentified due to the inconsistency of the approaches applied? One can ask a more radical question: is philosophical prose the reality of Ukrainian literature or just critical fiction? The raised problem is relevant because its solution can shed light on such an obscured sector as philosophical prose and clarify its place in Ukrainian literature. So, the subject of the study is the genre boundaries of Ukrainian philosophical prose. We used analytical, generalization, biographical, and hermeneutical methods to establish these boundaries. The article aims to substantiate the view of Ukrainian philosophical prose as a defined, integral phenomenon. Achieving the goal required the following tasks: to consider the reasons for the absence of a detailed literary discourse on Ukrainian philosophical prose; to analyze the essential nature of philosophic prose, in particular, the dispersion of its components in the structure of the work and text; and to use the example of a short period at the beginning of the 20th century and several writers’ names to outline the approximate typology of Ukrainian philosophical prose. The article focuses on literary factors (the dominance of positivist and aesthetic optics) and general scientific ones (the long-term narrowing of the field of philosophy), which cause the confusing identification of philosophical prose. An attempt to eliminate these factors has been made. Also, we propose a terminological clarification regarding the essential characteristic of philosophical prose: not “typologization” but rather “prototyping”. In the article, we use the example of a short period at the beginning of the 20th century and the works of several famous writers (Olexiy Plyushch, Mykhailo Mohylyansky, Valerian Pidmohylyny) to demonstrate that Ukrainian prose contains the essentials of artistic philosophizing (prototyping). The conclusions of this article regarding the reasons for the absence of generalizing works on Ukrainian philosophical prose and its essential nature, as well as specific examples of artistic philosophizing, can be used in further studies of Ukrainian philosophical prose.
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Nabytovych, Ihor. "MEMORY, HISTORICAL PROSE AND FORMATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY". Слово і Час, n.º 4 (10 de agosto de 2022): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2022.04.45-57.
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Historical prose as a component of national literature is an essential part of the cultural life of modern nations. One of its tasks is to form the cultural memory of large groups that create national communities, structure the past and preserve its integrity and uniqueness.
The historical prose of Ukrainian emigration eloquently demonstrates mutual projections of memory and the formation of national conscience and identity. The prose of emigration as an exile can serve as a relief and expressive evidence of the formation and interpenetration of the main ideas and concepts, ideological and aesthetic figurative paradigm, formed on the border of memory, history, and literature. This is how historical prose is seen as a purposeful policy of memory.
For societies where the state tradition was interrupted, historical prose can be considered an important factor in restoring/maintaining national memory, as well as a means of creating national myths, projecting the past on the modern problems of a stateless nation, and preserving the national traditions.
Historical prose of Ukrainian emigration had these tasks in mind, taking responsibility for the national philosophical perspective rooted in the past in order to preserve and increase it in the future. The idea of self-discovery through one’s own history is, in particular, an important element in the existence of Ukrainian emigration: in this case, we talk about national self-knowledge in a community that tries to preserve its national identity and fix it not only in oral tradition but also in scholarly historical research and historical prose.
Historical fiction of the 20th-century Ukrainian emigration was a means of discovering the sources of traditions in the past that directly influences modernity, and an attempt to build a historiosophical literary model that would reveal the forgotten past, show the causes of current problems, and point out the way to future.
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Akhmedov, Rafael Sh. "The concept of “robotics” in Isaac Asimov’s science fiction: clash of traditions and innovations". Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, n.º 4 (julio de 2022): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.4-22.114.
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The image of a mechanical (artificial) creature constructed thanks to the achievements of mankind in the field of science and technology has been present in literature since its inception, since the first oral myths and legends. Only towards the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th century, the emphasis in the image of the robot in the literature shifted from religious-mystical to philosophic-technical. The purpose of this study is to assess the legitimacy of the statement that the work of the American science fiction writer Isaac Asimov was a turning point in the development of the image of a robot in world literature. For this purpose, the following research was done: a comparative historical overview of the development of the image of a robot in literary works; the analysis of the scientific literature on the issue; a thorough analysis of several key works of Isaac Asimov (particularly, stories from the “I, Robot” collection), in which the robot character plays a central role and participates in the formation of the main idea of the work revealing the theme and the construction of the plot. Being a supporter of the idea of the humanistic role of science fiction, Isaac Asimov abandoned the established tradition of a monster robot, endowed it with Three Laws so that humanity could overcome the Frankenstein complex and look at the achievements of technology from a new perspective. This new approach of Isaac Asimov to the robot character and to the question of the relationship between human being and technology, which initially caused a negative response from literary critics, subsequently became one of the components of the reform of American science fiction and the advent of the Golden Age of science fiction. The concept of “robotics” of Isaac Asimov became the cornerstone of not only modern science fiction but also other branches of human activity, including information technology and robotics industry.
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Martynov, D. E. y Yu A. Martynova. "A New Monograph by Konstantin Frumkin [Review: Frumkin K.G. Admiring the Academic Class: Reflection of the Social History of Soviet Science in Literature, Art, and Public Rhetoric. Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nestor-Istoriya, 2022. (In Russian)]". Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 164, n.º 5 (2022): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2022.5.141-151.
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This article reviews a new monograph by K.G. Frumkin, an eminent culturologist and literary critic. He argues that the cult of science, as an institutionalized professional activity inseparable from the public interest in the work of scientists, is a specific feature of the 20th century. The ideological confrontation of the 1920s and 1930s touched little upon literature. In the fiction of that period, scientists were portrayed as inventors of fantastic military vehicles. After the 1950s, the relationship between scientific institutions and the state took a back seat in literature, while the relationship between scientists came to the fore. The scientific environment became self-sufficient. For the first time scientists were almost exclusively among colleagues, and the social circle they had outside their subculture shrank. The collective self-awareness of the scientific community was also taking shape. The author describes it as a “class mythology” characterized by undisguised elitism and “talent-centric racism.” The collapse of the USSR did not destroy Russian science, but the public enthusiasm for it practically dried up. A few literary works of that time referred to the past, both by rethinking and mythologizing it. The “admiration of the academic class” is thus a historically rooted phenomenon of the 20th century.
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Asmarani, Dini, Sarah Monica y Sari D. Ratri. "Tension of Religious-Traditions and the Ideas of Women's Liberation in Dreams of Trespass’ Novel by Fatima Mernisi". Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 20, n.º 2 (27 de diciembre de 2022): 289–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.31291/jlka.v20i2.1040.
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This article examines a novel titled “Dreams of Trepass: Tales of a Harem” as the literature work represents Fatima Mernissi’s critical thought in fighting for gender equality. The research methodology used is qualitative approach with textual analysis method. Based on research findings, Fatima Mernissi narrates the women liberation discourse through literature works which is not entirely fiction for its rooted from Fatima Mernissi’s own experiences who originated from harem-living family. The work is a reflexive of reality, as well as an aspiration for the ideal future in terms of the equal roles and rights between women and men. It concludes, feminism critical thought’s Fatima Mernissi needs to put on the living context where the work was created and historical time on which recounted, namely related to Arabic culture and Islamic religiosity in the 20th century Morocco. In that period, the world was transiting from colonization era to the movement of global nationalism in colonized countries, including Morcco. Therefore, there is collision between tradition and modernity which influencing women’s thoughts and thoughts of women in regards of universal humanism values with religious interpretation on the Islamic holy Qur’an.
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Ashinova, K. A., A. S. Seidikenova, M. Kh Tankibayeva y M. K. Murzagaliyevа. "ХХ ғасыр басындағы проза тілінің дамуы". Bulletin of Shokan Ualikhanov Kokshetau University Philological Series, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2024): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.59102/kufil/2024/iss2pp113-122.
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The goal of this research is to determine how the Qazaq prose language emerged early in the 20th century, and what characteristics of its evolution occurred. In the years of 1920 to 1930 the prose genres such as stories and novels developed quickly. These works incorporated a great deal of folklore in addition to covering a wide range of subjects. Prose language formation and evolution are closely related to other facets of narrative. Because analyzing the degree of development on fictional elements such as the language of characters, the author, portrait, landscape, and descriptive elements is intended to detect the formation of the prose language in general, we concentrate on the traits of their development and factors indicating the formation of the language. The outcomes of the investigation revealed that the Qazaq prose literature of the time provided new meanings to local words and acted as a main source for their growth. Grammar and fiction language were greatly influenced by the language of prose works found in textbooks, newspapers, journals, and various folk literary works. The argument is that prose has its roots in the shared heritage and that historical and genealogical narratives have a certain prose style. Prose works' language was the main factor that greatly enhanced the vocabulary and grammatical features of literary language which from short stories to novels developed simultaneously in all genres. This study took a comprehensive approach, taking into account the aspects of novels and short stories, their relationship to styles, poetry passages, elements of colloquial language, new phenomena, oral literature, fairy tales, and legendary occurrences.
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Belyaeva, Tatyana Nikolaevna y Nadezhda Vasilevna Guseva. "Ideological and thematic originality of M. Pavlov’s novel «Fate»". Филология: научные исследования, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2023): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2023.12.69197.
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This article presents an analysis of the novel «Fate» by one of the talented prose writers of Mari literature of the beginning of the 21st century Mikhail Prokopyevich Pavlov. In 1999, for his publication, he became the laureate of the republican periodical magazine «Onchyko» prize. And in 2011, the Council of the Program of Related Peoples of Estonia, together with the Association of Finno-Ugric Literatures, awarded Mikhail Prokopyevich Pavlov the Literary Prize in the category of prose fiction for the collection «The silhouette of the lattice», which included this novel. Despite the high estimation, the work of the national prose writer remains poorly studied. The writer reveals the dramatic events of this period: the repressions of the 1937 and the plight of family members of the repressed, life “behind bars”, the tragic events of the Great Patriotic War, the difficult post-war years and the time of socio-economic restructuring period (1970-1990s). The use of the cultural-historical research method made it possible to analyze the history of the Mari people of the 20th century through the prism of the fates of its heroes. The external and internal struggle of the characters for a free and happy life is convincingly shown, the characters and circumstances born and conditioned by a certain socio-historical situation are well revealed, and the mentality of the people is shown. The writer’s focus is on the hero’s ideological and moral search for truth, goodness, justice, personal happiness and well-being. Therefore, the narrative is very psychological. The writer leads to the idea that such qualities as a sense of justice, kindness, hard work, mutual assistance and mutual understanding, the ability to love and sacrifice themselves in the name of this feeling remain the main measures of human life and the foundations of society.
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Prade-Weiss, Juliane. "Complicity at a distance: commemorating problematic involvement in perpetration in contemporary Central and Eastern European literatures". Open Research Europe 2 (25 de mayo de 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14631.2.
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Background: In the twenty-first century, literatures from Central and Eastern Europe are marked by a boom of documentary fiction portraying complicity Nazi perpetration, Soviet terror, or other instances of 20th century mass violence and totalitarianism. Since understanding the past serves requirements of the present, the boom prompts the question: Why the interest in past complicities now? My hypothesis is that the texts address convergences between involvements in past acts of mass violence and current forms of participation in wrongdoings in neoliberalism. While these issues differ profoundly, they are related: structurally, both present the challenge of forming a nuanced notion of participation. Historically, they are related since justifications of past involvements have established the terminology, narratives, and heuristics in which terror, repression, and mass violence are subsequently discussed, thus forming the frame for negotiating current problematic involvements. Method: Critical discourse analysis is used to scrutinize the legal concept of complicity and combined it with close readings of passages from four literary texts to outline how attention to reciprocity in language can enhance our understanding of problematic involvement. Results: Literary portrayals of historical complicity are ambivalent; they can help to find models for comprehending issues of the present in cultural memory, but they can also serve to establish distance between present and past to appease the sense that all is not quite well, even after the demise of Nazi and Soviet terror. The article outlines two modes of distancing: a) spacio-temporal distancing of the commemorating point of view in ‘the West’ from the portrayed violence in ‘the East’, and b) moral distancing that casts the audience as superior to complicit characters. Conclusion: By pressing for analytic or consoling distance, both strategies of distancing amount to a complicity with the transmission of discourses that justify, excuse, or deny mass violence and totalitarian terror.
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Prade-Weiss, Juliane. "Complicity at a distance: commemorating problematic involvement in perpetration in contemporary Central and Eastern European literatures". Open Research Europe 2 (25 de marzo de 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14631.1.
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Background: In the twenty-first century, literatures from Central and Eastern Europe are marked by a boom of documentary fiction portraying complicity Nazi perpetration, Soviet terror, or other instances of 20th century mass violence and totalitarianism. Since understanding the past serves requirements of the present, the boom prompts the question: Why the interest in past complicities now? My hypothesis is that the texts address convergences between involvements in past acts of mass violence and current forms of participation in wrongdoings in neoliberalism. While these issues differ profoundly, they are related: structurally, both present the challenge of forming a nuanced notion of participation. Historically, they are related since justifications of past involvements have established the terminology, narratives, and heuristics in which terror, repression, and mass violence are subsequently discussed, thus forming the frame for negotiating current problematic involvements. Method: Critical discourse analysis is used to scrutinize the legal concept of complicity and combined it with close readings of passages from four literary texts to outline how attention to reciprocity in language can enhance our understanding of problematic involvement. Results: Literary portrayals of historical complicity are ambivalent; they can help to find models for comprehending issues of the present in cultural memory, but they can also serve to establish distance between present and past to appease the sense that all is not quite well, even after the demise of Nazi and Soviet terror. The article outlines two modes of distancing: a) spacio-temporal distancing of the commemorating point of view in ‘the West’ from the portrayed violence in ‘the East’, and b) moral distancing that casts the audience as superior to complicit characters. Conclusion: By pressing for analytic or consoling distance, both strategies of distancing amount to a complicity with the transmission of discourses that justify, excuse, or deny mass violence and totalitarian terror.
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Baschmakoff, Natalia. "Утопии в облаках : Хлебников и Гуро". Modernités Russes 8, n.º 1 (2009): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/modru.2009.1468.
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In terms of Michel Foucault utopias afford consolation : “Although they have no real locality there is nevertheless a fantastic, untroubled region in which they are able to unfold ; they open up cities with waste avenues, superbly planted gardens, countries where life is easy, even though the road to them is chimerical.” Utopias testify to our inability to dream our way out of the myths and the historical situation we live. As a matter of fact, our attitude towards history, says Dmitry Likhachev, is directed by notions “ encapsulated’’ in myths. During the 20th century, Russian utopian narrative expanded literary horizons by providing new visions of those “untroubled regions”. The revolutionary ideals of equality, communal living, new morality, and technology worship, generated in Russian utopianism a range of experimental fiction. This implied also a new genre of an “open-ended utopia”. Such an ambiguous utopia is indeterminate and incomplete, and often interrelated with the genre of the short fragmentary prose. Open-ended utopia involves the reader more actively in a dialectical process, giving him a more fundamental organizing role as the constructor of the text’s meaning. Velimir Khlebnikov (1885 -1922) and Elena Guro (1877-1913) - though not utopian writers in the same meaning as H.G. Wells or Alexandr Bogdanov - however, both directed their creative thought towards futurological visions of a new universal order and a new universal Man. In this paper I examine some of Khlebnikov’s and Guro’s futurological texts as fictional experiments of a spatial world-vision. Both authors domesticated and “colonized” in a very easy and concrete way the aerospace : the vault of heaven, the air, and the clouds, transforming them into their own, private heterotopias.
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Wang, Dengdeng, Нэлли Хисматуллаевна Savelyeva y Siyu Li. "Methods of teaching graphic-symbolic analysis in the literary and cultural-historical context of the 20th century (in terms of the novel ‟The Master and Margarita” by Mikhail Bulgakov)". Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics 29, n.º 1 (14 de junio de 2023): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2023-29-1-93-99.
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The paper discusses the methodology for teaching graphic-symbolic analysis in the literary and cultural-historical context of the 20th century in terms of the novel ‟The Master and Margarita” by Mikhail Bulgakov. This method of analysis is an effective method of teaching oral monologue speech to foreign students. The purpose of this study is to develop the oral coherent speech of foreign students with the help of a graphical and symbolic analysis of the text of the novel ‟The Master and Margarita”. The set goal involves solving the following tasks: to help students from China understand the artistic features of the works by Mikhail Bulgakov, to acquire the skills of literary text analysis and, in general, to study Russian literature more deeply. The material of the presented study can be used in the preparation of training courses designed to teach the Russian language and literature to Chinese students, as well as in the development of special courses on the specifics of literature. The research methods were chosen in accordance with the object of study, its subject, purpose and objectives, our methodology is based on the use of practice-oriented provisions of semiotics, artistic and graphic-symbolic analysis of the text and the introduction of a new concept of ‟sign word” into the system of dictionary work. This study determines the effectiveness of using the method of teaching graphic-symbolic analysis in the educational process at different stages of teaching literature and the Russian language to foreign students. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of materials relating to the peculiarities of the perception of Russian fiction by native speakers of the Chinese language. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the study of the specifics of Russian works and language in the aspect of Russian as a foreign language. The practical significance lies in the prevention of lexical and grammatical errors when using the Russian language and semantic errors in the analysis of Russian literature.
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Sadokhina, Nataliya E. "Cultural and legal phenomenon of V.G. Baev (in memory of the scientist, teacher and social activist)". Current Issues of the State and Law, n.º 1 (2023): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2023-7-1-159-164.
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The main stages of the life path of Doctor of Law, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Professor Valery Grigoryevich Baev are highlighted. His contribution to the development of education in the Tambov region was noted both in the course of scientific, pedagogical activities, and as a result of administrative work in state and local government bodies. Attention is paid to the applied V.G. Baev pedagogical methods based on the interactive format of the relationship between the teacher and the student, the involvement in the educational process of the most prominent representatives of practical jurisprudence, as well as Russian and foreign scientists, the use of works of fiction and cinematographic art to discuss ethical issues of professional activity of a lawyer. In particular, it was noted that practical classes became a platform for scientific discussions, as well as discussions of ethical problems of the legal profession, when each student in the group was a participant in them, and the axiological approach to the study of law formed an awareness of its unconditional authority and significance, which happened through acquaintance with the world masterpieces of domestic and foreign literature and cinematography, helped education of a comprehensively developed personality. The scientific works of the scientist devoted to the peculiarities of German constitutionalism of the second half of the 19th – first half of the 20th century are analyzed.
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Zabiyako, Anna A. y Wang Yuqi. "The Image of the Perception of the Japanese and Japan in the Pre-Revolutionary Experience of Artistic Reflection: The Genre Aspect". Humanitarian Vector 17, n.º 1 (febrero de 2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2022-17-1-19-28.
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The relevance of the research is determined by the interest of modern literary criticism in the imagological aspects and the problem of developing a research strategy in relation to this kind of texts. The novelty of the work is defined by the genre approach to the study of the image of perception of Japan and the Japanese in Russian pre-revolutionary literature dedicated to the events of the Russian-Japanese war, the introduction of previously unknown texts into scientific circulation, a comparative analysis of narrative strategies that determine the genre specificity of each text. The purpose of the work is to explicate the genre originality of works on the RussianJapanese war, which determines the perspective of the pre-revolutionary artistic reception of the image of perception of Japan and the Japanese in Russia. The methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach that underpins the imagological paradigm of research. The authors rely on Russian and Chinese works on the history of Japan, Russian-Japanese relations, ethnography of Japan, ethnopsychology, religious studies, on the broad context of imagological research; apply historical-literary, comparative-historical, immanent analysis methods. The complex research is based on modern works concerning the problems of genre studies. The article traces the path of transformation of perceptions of Japan and the Japanese in Russian literature since the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of 20th century which is determined by the genre task of the works: from the first travelogues to the jingoistic notes in periodicals and further to “pacifist” fiction and post-war artistic experiences – the spy and detective text by A. I. Kuprin, the military diaries by V. V. Veresaev, a children’s ethnographic story by I. I. Mitropolsky. We conclude that the tragic and inglorious experience of the Russian-Japanese war pushed the horizons of not only the scientific comprehension of Japan and the Japanese by Russian scientists but also giving development to various genres of Russian literature opened the artistic possibilities of new ethnocultural and ethnopsychological experiences of self-knowledge of Russianness and Russians.
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Babicheva, Maya. "“Twice Crowned” (Leonid Yuzefovich – Laureate of the Big Book)". Stephanos Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 47, n.º 3 (31 de mayo de 2021): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2021-47-3-86-97.
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The article discusses the two-aspect nature of the contribution of L.A. Yuzefovich into Russian culture, as a reflection of the specifics of his gift. The criterion for the writer’s achievements was chosen to be a double leader in the national literary prize «Big Book» (a unique case in its history). The purpose of the article is to show the genre specificity of the individual style of Yuzefovich, which doubled the significance of his works for Russian literature and culture in general. The well-known Bulgakovʼs metaphor is applicable to the work of this writer completely. In this case, the right and left hand of the pianist can be considered fiction and documentary proze. A writer’s achievements in each of these areas greatly contribute to his success in the other. The leading place in the work of Yuzefovich the fiction writer is occupied by a large epic form. His novels with criminal plot, as a rule, have a pronounced detective line. The action takes place in different eras in different locations. These are Moscow and Western Europe of the 17th century, imperial Petersburg of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, Perm in the 1920s., etc. Specific historical details are reproduced in detail, the atmosphere of the era is recreated. Critics have repeatedly noted the writer’s ability to convey the spirit of the times in artistic form. The documentary prose of this author is a continuation of his scientific career (he is PhD in historical sciences). The beginning of this direction in his work was laid by the artistically revised dissertation research of the scientist. Subsequently, the main interest of Yuzefovich as the author of documentary proze focused on the events of the Civil War in Siberia and the Far East. The writer’s historical books have a fascinating plot and are written in good literary language. The best (to date) works of Yuzefovich of each of the named directions were awarded the Big Book Prize (the 1st place), awarded for a significant contribution to Russian culture and increasing the social significance of Russian literature. These are the novel «Cranes and the Dwarfs» (prize 2009) and the documentary novel «Winter Road» (prize 2015). Both works reveal important stages in Russian history and, at the same time, deserve high praise for their artistic form.
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Biebuyck, Benjamin. "»Hätte der Hund nicht, dann hätt’ er den Hasen ...«". Rhetorik 38, n.º 1 (14 de noviembre de 2019): 120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rhet-2019-0010.
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Abstract Günter Grass’s Mein Jahrhundert represents the 20th century as a series of hundred anecdotes, narrated from the perspective of in many cases unknown or (seemingly) unidentified witnesses. As such, it is often read as an example of fictional history writing within Grass’s encompassing framework of rediscovering the lives of those who underwent history rather than make it. The »sequential communal narration« (Lanser) adopted in this book was, however, criticized harshly by many readers as a patronizing form of postmodern – narrative – historiography. This article aims to show that the oral configuration of the narrative and the consistent use of a silent editor role, rhetorically directing the narrative and systematically linking the narrative with verifiable historical events and persons, does not reinforce the fictionality of writing history, but on the contrary underpins the double attempt to display not only the bias of historical witnessing, but also the historicity (and selectivity) of recording history. Grass’s bringing in the silent editor hence must be seen as an (hyperrealistic) attempt to stem the tide of negationism, revisionism and the manipulation of history telling.
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Jaeckel, Volker. "LOS ALEMANES COMO PERSONAJES LITERARIOS EN LA LITERATURA COLOMBIANA CONTEMPORÁNEA". Anuari de Filologia. Literatures Contemporànies, n.º 9 (18 de diciembre de 2019): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/aflc2019.9.5.
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This paper will analyze the image of Germans in Colombian literature from the 1970s to the present day. Although the Germans played an important role in the colonization of the Kingdom of New Granada since the 16th century, we detected a greater presence of this figures with a more decisive role in the novels, in the 19th and especially the 20th centuries. Mainly soldiers, exiles, Jews, emigrants and Nazis of German origin left their traces in the literature of the Latin American country. To carry out the analysis we will present and comment on five novels written in the last 40 years focusing on characters of German origin or where Germans as literary figures have an influence on the development of the narrative. Both texts with historical characters and those with fictional characters will be treated.
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Färnlöf, Hans. "Lieux ludiques: « Les Prisonniers » de Maupassant". Romanica Silesiana 16, n.º 2 (15 de febrero de 2021): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rs.2019.16.08.
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This study examines the role of topoi in the short story “Les Prisonniers” (The Prisoners) by Maupassant. For historical reasons, the notion of topos is preferred to that of the stereotype, as the latter indicates a manner of conceiving reality from a 20th century perspective (and thus posterior to Maupassant’s authorship). The analysis of the topoi shows that the author brings to play intertextual references linked to the tradition of the folktale and the short story. In foregrounding the story, Maupassant prepares two opposing scenarios. Following the transgressive plot, the initially dominant features of the story are overthrown. The functionality of the narrative elements, entering as units in an elaborated plot, leads to a view of the story primarily as a fictional construction playing with topoi, rather than as an expression of Maupassant’s stereotyped vision of reality.
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M. Kandemiri, Coletta, Nelson Mlambo y Juliet S. Pasi. "Literary reconstructions of the 1904-1908 Herero Nama conflict in Namibia". Journal of African Languages and Literary Studies 1, n.º 3 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2633-2116/2020/v1n3a1.
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At the beginning of the 20th century (1904-1908), a genocide took place where Herero and Nama people of the then German South West Africa (present day Namibia) were nearly completely decimated by German soldiers. Through the selected factional novels, Parts Unknown (2018) by Zirk Van Den Burg, The Lie of the Land (2017) David Jasper Utley, The Weeping Graves of Our Ancestors (2017) by Rukee Tjingaete, The Scattering (2016) by Lauri Kubuitsile, and Mama Namibia (2013) by Mari Serebrov, this article explores the literary reconstruction of this Herero Nama conflict of 1904 to 1908 with German as the aggressor. The paper considers the pragmatic disposition of the Herero Nama conflict with the Germans as presented from a fictional perspective (faction) and how it is relevant to the reconstruction of the Herero Nama history. Additionally, there are various art forms that specify new modes of expression for the reconstruction of the same historical event and this paper pays attention to some of these forms as presented in the selected texts. Through the analysis, it was found that the selected historical novels recreate the same event but from different angles yet several incidents emerging in the novels relate to the historical reality that is now reenacted through art. Through the analysis of the historical novels, the researchers also found that there seems to be a thin line between the imaginative literary works and the historical events that took place. Lastly, the selected novels demonstrate literature’s immediacy to recreate some critical arguments that are still unsolved even in present day Namibia about the general welfare of the people with the problems that are still linked to the nation’s history.
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Mossaki, Nodar Z. "ON THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF NAFTULA ARONOVICH KHALFIN: (SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY IN 1971–1987). PART II". Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, n.º 2 (24) (2023): 136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2023-2-136-156.
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This work continues a series of articles dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the outstanding Soviet historian and orientalist Naftula Aronovich Khalfin. This biobibliographic essay presents an analysis of his activities in 1957–1971, that is, after his appointment as head of the Sector of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The article shows information about the Department of Historical and Cultural Problems of the Soviet East, which included the Sector of Historical and Cultural Relations between the Soviet and Foreign East in Modern and Contemporary Times. Taking into account the profile of the new division, the scientific interests of N. A. Khalfin during this period shifted from the problems of colonialism again to the issues of Central Asia and Afghanistan, which he began to deal with in Tashkent. Since the 1970s, he has published a number of monographs and a large number of articles on various aspects of the history of this region, and continued to write reviews on Soviet and foreign publications. Khalfin made a significant contribution to the study of the biography of the outstanding Russian orientalist N. V. Khanykov. The Afghan theme, to which many works of N. A. Khalfin, including those of a popular nature, were devoted, becomes especially relevant after 1979. During this period, Khalfin, in addition to his scientific work, became known as the author of historical narratives or documentary fiction about the struggle of the Afghan people against the British. Many of his works are translated into English and the languages of Afghanistan. He also published works on the famous figure of «British colonialism» G. Curzon. In addition to his works, Khalfin carried out a lot of work on the publication of the works of the series «Central Asia in the Sources and Materials of the 19th and Early 20th Century», in which he acted as an editor, author of prefaces and notes, as well as the series «USSR and the countries of the East». Being one of the most important researchers of British policy in Central Asia and Afghanistan, Khalfin participated in international scientific joint meetings.
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Spasskova, Olena y Natalia Goncharenko. "To the 100th anniversary of the library of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: history and the present". Scientific bulletin of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky 2022, n.º 3 (140) (27 de octubre de 2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2022-3-6.
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In 2022, the library of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky celebrates its 100th anniversary, which makes us return to the origins of higher pedagogical education in the South of the country. It is this fact that determines the relevance of our research. The article traces the history of the university and the library, starting from the 20s of the 20th century to the present day. The purpose of the article consists in the necessity to analyse the history of the creation and development of the university and the library in inseparable interaction. The historical method of research allowed us to systematise and summarise the available information on the history of the library of Ushynsky University in chronological order. The article examines the main stages of the existence of Ushynsky University, starting from its foundation in 1920, when it received the name of the Institute of National Education and the task of providing training for education workers in the South of Ukraine. It was also found that the library of this educational institution was created in 1922 to provide students with textbooks and fiction. It is shown how our higher educational institution survived the educational reforms implemented by the new, at that time, Soviet government. On the basis of archival documents and memories of employees stored in the library, the history of the evacuation of the university and the library during the Second World War alongside their post-war revival has been traced. The problems of the development of the university, the introduction of new educational directions, the opening of new faculties and the process of rebuilding the library in the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries have been revealed. Considerable attention is devoted to the current state of the library, its structure, aspects of activity and challenges. It was concluded that the library of Ushynsky University is an important structural unit that contributes to the teaching / learning activities, research-oriented, cultural and education-related activities of teachers and students. It has been proved that today the library is a powerful information institution, a scientific and cultural centre of the university.
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Juško-Štekele, Angelika. "MARKET PHENOMENON IN THE CULTURE OF LATGALE". Via Latgalica, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2012): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2012.4.1685.
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<p>The article aims to characterize the market as cultural phenomenon in Latgale, particular type of social communication with sustainable, traditionally consolidated functions and branched semantics. For characteristics of the market basically the phenomenological approach is used by updating specifics of the market as a phenomenon of cognition in Latgale. For this purpose a wide range of diverse sources is used, providing reflection of both individual and collective cognition – folklore, periodicals, fiction, cultural and historical essays. Apart from that also the semantically cognitive approach is used, with an emphasis on nominative density, etymology and contextual semantics of lexemes belonging to the semantic field of market. Market phenomenon in this article is reviewed as three thematic blocks – attitude towards market, selling and traders, market mega-system and, finally, functional load of the market.</p><p>Attitude towards the market, traders and trading as a type of economic activity has not been uniform in Latgale. With livestock breeding and farming becoming stronger, trade invariably serves as a tool for exchange of the surplus of goods produced in natural economy for the missing goods. Negative attitude towards trade and trader’s profession develops, when Jews are starting to trade in Latgale, by performance of intermediary and dealer functions. From the beginning of 19th century under influence of periodicals, the trade as a type of economic activity is rehabilitated among Latgalians, which is confirmed by folkloric materials and statistical data.</p><p>Market in the terms of place for selling in Latgale is becoming topical as regards its location, calendar, the market square layout, traders, ritual elements of marketing and a general atmosphere inherent to the market. Traditionally a market developed in more densely populated and well accessible places. In their establishing local estate managers were playing their roles, however as far as 40-ties of the 20th century location, attendance and calendar of the market in Latgale, was mainly determined by a tradition to arrange a market together with the church festivities. Like in former times, also today, coexistence of the church and the market promotes thinking about the balance of spiritual and material values, which is analyzed mainly by periodicals.</p><p>The market has always been distinguished with surprising regularity. In Latgale usually there were annual, monthly, and weekly markets. The names were formed according to the church holiday, dominant goods, market participants. Phenomenal nature of the market is acknowledged by their spontaneous organisation, even disregarding the government regulations. In this respect already during 30-ies of the 20th century Viļāni and Kārsava were distinguishable also these days maintaining the tradition of widely attended monthly market.</p><p>Marketplace as the most important part of the market mega-system has been established in the cognition not only as a marketing, but also as a venue of different cultural and social processes. Substantial factors for understanding of the marketing is improvement of the market area, the offer of goods, diversity of traders. Designations and arrangement of market place presents both a bright national colour and impact of foreign cultures (notably Polish, Russian). Varied supply of goods and bargaining possibility to the present day is specifying the market when compared with other trading venues. All these elements constitute market as the place of convergence of various historical, political and socio-economic developments to signal of all the topical events both in the social life and in the life or particular individuals.</p><p>In the public mind the market has been established also as an essential factor strengthening and even forming the family ties, since up to the middle of the 20th century, the market was the place and reason for meeting of closer and more distant relatives. The market was the place brides were selected, wedding jewellery was purchased. Market lexicon (for example, bride’s purchase, ‘bariši’) has entered also the wedding rituals.</p><p>Since the market is increasingly connected to a large number of people, it has been and still is used also for socio-political purposes: marketplaces have been areas of demonstrations, moots. Political parties address their electorates in the market both at the beginning of the 20th century and today. During the Second World War years, the marketplace was also used as a public place for punishment.</p><p>Perception of the market as a phenomenon has not decreased, it has become a singular identity factor and represents traditions and culture of Latgale both in other areas of Latvia and abroad.</p>
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Sviderskytė, Gražina Kristina. "Heroes in Lithuania: Aspect of (De-)Heroization, Case, Approach". Lietuvos istorijos studijos 44 (20 de diciembre de 2019): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2019.44.5.
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In this article, I explore a tendency of (de-)heroization in Lithuania during the 20th century. This research is focused on a historical hero, that is, a mental construct based on a historical prototype: a protagonist of the factual versus fictional narrative who was idealized, mythologized, and initiated to meet the current collective needs and demands. The aim can be generalized by the following questions: who is a historical hero and why is he important; what makes (de-)heroization relevant and how did/does it occur; why this phenomenon is relevant to Lithuania and how should it be further explored? The applied methodology involved a case study (an analysis of the transforming and transfigured heroes, the origin and evolution of the heroic narrative about Lithuanian-American pilots Stephen William Darius and Stanley [Thomas] Girch, aka Darius and Girėnas), a discourse analysis, and an interdisciplinary approach focusing on the heroism humanities in the context of the emerging transdisciplinary heroism science. The emergence and specificity of the heroic ideals – the Great Lithuanian and Winged Lithuanian – and types – the Warrior and Aviator – is explored, and the tendency of idealization and ideologization as well as inertia and stagnation in heroization processes are revealed. The resilience of the cult of power, as well as ideological relics of Lithuanian nationalism and even Soviet utopianism in the current heroism discourse, has led to an unsettling conclusion that the process of hero-making simultaneously and repeatedly involved an exalted idealization and deep depreciation of the heroic figures and their original ideas and/or achievements and of the historical past and historical heritage in general. This kind of (de-)heroization was an integral part of the construction of the Lithuanian mythical modernity.
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Bardakçı, Tayyibe. "Towards Techno-human: A Brief History of Artificial Limbs and Organs". International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 6, n.º 3 (13 de junio de 2022): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v6i3.455.
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Background: The ‘techno-human’, which is the result of combining the human body with a machine or device which we have been made familiar with through science fiction movies, is frequently perceived as a distant and futuristic concept. However, when we examine history, we realize that the techno-human is not a phenomenon unique to the future or the present, but rather has a long and significant history dating all the way back to antiquity.Objective: This study aims to detail the progression of techno-humans from antiquity to the present, by focusing on the historical development of artificial limbs and organs.Methods: In this study, a literature review ranging from the earliest examples of the human body meeting technology to today’s complex and functional artificial limb and organ technologies was conducted, and the information gathered through retrospective review of primary and secondary sources was evaluated.Results and Discussion: It is seen that people who lost their limbs as a result of amputation or disease have been using prostheses, albeit primitive, since ancient times. Today, advances in technology such as CAD/CAM and 3D printer technologies enable the production of prostheses from lighter materials and at a faster rate. Contrary to the long history of artificial limbs dating to antiquity, the development of artificial organs only began recently, during the 20th century. Artificial limbs and organs, with the use of more advanced technology, have the potential to be utilized for human enhancement in the future.Conclusion: While prostheses, implants, and complexly built artificial organs make the human body more technological and less biological, a new stage in the biography of the techno-human in which ‘enhancement’ rather than ‘treatment’ is at the forefront pushes the limits.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 03 July’22 Page: 249-257
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SALIENKO, A. P. "SEMANTICS OF THE CONCEPT OF “STEED”/“HORSE”IN THE RUSSIAN ART OF THE FIRST THIRD OF THE20TH CENTURY: “A HORSE AS A HORSE” AND “WE AREALL A LITTLE BIT HORSES”". LOMONOSOV HISTORY JOURNAL 64, n.º 2023, №5 (16 de mayo de 2024): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0083-8-2023-64-5-155-174.
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The article continues the research on the artistic image in the Russian art of the first third of the 20th century and aims at studying the concepts of “steed”/“horse” in the art of the 1900s-1920s. From the beginning of revolutionary transformations in Russian art to the changes after 1917, the semantic meaning of the artistic image in its evolution is of particular interest. The basis for the study is largely fiction, in which the horse image was formed most fully. The multidimensionality of semantic relations within the boundaries of the synonymic paradigm with the general meaning of “horse” is examined in the article on the material of fine arts. The author studies the diversity of artistic roles, symbolic and semantic functions, which were given to the horse image in the art of a certain period and reveals the specificity of these roles depending on the artistic concept. Identification and recognition of the image occurs at different levels. The content of the concept is not revealed only through the plot. Unexpected semantic associations, suggested to the artist by visual, worldly, intellectual, emotional experience or creative intuition, are also possible. In this context, the quotations in the title of the article mark two main notions: “a horse as a horse” (V. Shershenevich) actualizes the direct meaning of “a horse as an animal”, and “we are all a little bit horses” (V. Mayakovsky) is a zoometaphor defining the inner state of a person. At this stage of the study, we can distinguish five main sections that allow us to structure and order the set of works containing the horse image: a village, a city, a rider, Apocalypse, a historical event (here the Civil War and collectivization). In order to fully understand the specifics of the semantic content of the horse image in the art during the study period, it is necessary to carry out some additional research. So far, the proposed text cannot claim to be an exhaustive solution to the problem, but outlines the vectors that allow us to continue its study.
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Kubů, Eduard y Jiří Šouša. "Česká selka – „aktérka“ moderních hospodářských, sociálních a kulturních dějin. Možnosti prezentace v paměťových institucích". Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia 75, n.º 3-4 (2022): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/amnph.2021.015.
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In Czech historical production and in the presentation of the rural environment in memory institutions, the peasant is an almost invisible person for the period of the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, when the farmstead or peasant farm became a kind of showroom of commercialised, ethnically Czech agriculture. This was the case even though as a housewife (the wife of a farmer) she became a member of the middle class, part of the village elite. Literature, both fictional and academic, reflects on her care of her children and her diet, acknowledges her role in managing the farmstead, but leaves aside her spiritual life, her place in national society, and many other aspects. The presentation and visualisation of the Czech female peasant world should systematically show what was natural to it at the time and is unthinkable today, clarify the limits and boundaries of the social space that was reserved for female peasants and their daughters, explaining that the conservative tradition of the countryside has long limited women in their social and cultural roles, as well as in their fundamental economic roles. The female peasant is now a social category of the past and is therefore also unknown. The exploration of her life in the recent past contributes to the understanding of women’s emancipation, the economic and social modernisation of the countryside, and reminds us of a number of cultural and craft traditions slowly fading into oblivion.
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Авраменко, А. М. "A Book about Ivan the Cossack, Who Was Not a Cossack". Nasledie Vekov, n.º 4(32) (31 de diciembre de 2022): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36343/sb.2022.32.4.012.
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Рецензия посвящена анализу мемуаров И. Т. Балбачана, обработанных и впервые изданных его внуком В. Ф. Балбачаном в 2019 г. Автор воспоминаний являлся одним из переселенцев, прибывших на Кубань в конце XIX в. в поисках лучшей доли; повествование доведено до 1913 г. Рецензент ставит вопрос о степени соответствия опубликованного текста оригиналу рукописи, пытается определить, в какой мере книгу можно считать историческим источником, поскольку позднейшая обработка, в том числе перевод на русский язык, придала мемуарам чрезмерную художественность, возможно, подразумевающую и элементы вымысла. Характеризуется география описанных в книге событий, охватывающая Кубанскую и Терскую области, Казахстан, Приморье и Санкт-Петербург. Дается оценка стилю мемуариста, выделяются особенности его мировоззрения. Указано на наличие в книге этнографического материала, относящегося к обычаям различных народов, проживавших на Северо-Западном Кавказе и в Казахстане. Производится подробный критический анализ ошибок и неточностей, допущенных мемуаристом The review analyzes the memoirs of Ivan Balbachan, processed and first published by Vladimir Balbachan, his grandson, in 2019. The author of the memoirs was one of the settlers who arrived in Kuban at the end of the 19th century in search of a better life; the story finishes in 1913. The reviewer raises the question of the extent to which the published text corresponds to the original manuscript, that is, to what extent the book can be considered a historical source, since later processing gave the memoirs excessive artistry, possibly implying elements of fiction. The geography of the events described in the book is characterized in detail, covering Kuban and Terek Oblasts, Kazakhstan and Primorye, as well as Saint Petersburg. The memoirist’s style is characterized; the features of his worldview are revealed; the positive nature of the moral attitudes of the author of the memoirs and his family members is noted. The book contains ethnographic material related to the customs of various peoples living in the North-Western Caucasus and Kazakhstan. The reviewer emphasizes the importance of Balbachan’s memories about military service in Saint Petersburg, which describe the difficulties that he faced at that time, the abuses that army officials committed in relation to the rank and file. The reviewer draws attention to Balbachan’s characteristics of individuals, mainly commanders he served under. The reviewer assesses the memoirist’s reflections on the turning points of the early 20th century in Russia and carries out a detailed critical analysis of the errors and inaccuracies the memoirist made. Among the shortcomings, errors in geographical names are especially numerous. In a number of cases, Balbachan used local rather than official names of settlements in the text, which is a valuable historical evidence. The reviewer points out the inaccuracy of the historical assessments of the publisher of the memoirs, his incomplete understanding of the social class differences between the Cossacks and the non- Cossacks population. The review corrects the errors and inaccuracies in geographical names, explains the meaning of some specific terms, and gives recommendations for creating appropriate scientific notes. The reviewer concludes that it is necessary to refer to the original text (that is, the version not affected by later processing) of Balbachan’s memoirs in case they are published as a historical source.
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Zamoroka, Andrew M. y Oksana V. Mykhailiuk-Zamoroka. "Proposals for unification and use of the Ukrainian national nomenclature for native and exotic species of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Ukraine. Part III: subfamilies Lepturinae and Necydalinae". Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, n.º 39 (11 de noviembre de 2023): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2023.39.161-170.
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The emerging and development of Ukrainian biological nomenclature has a long tradition that dates back more than a century and a half. The Ukrainian vernacular nomenclature of the longhorn beetles is found in scientific publications, starting from the middle of the 19th century. For the most part, these are names collected from oral folk speech. The stage of scientific construction of the Ukrainian vernacular nomenclature began at the beginning of the 20th century. Further development and use of the Ukrainian vernacular nomenclature was artificially interrupted for political reasons in the middle of the 20th century. We examined in detail this historical dimension of the Ukrainian vernacular nomenclature of the longhorn beetles from its origin, development, artificial interruption to the modern need for its restoration, and also proposed a methodology for the formation of the modern names. This is presented in the first part of our study. In the first and second parts, we also provided a detailed Ukrainian vernacular nomenclature of the longhorn beetles for three subfamilies: Spondylidinae, Prionunae, and Cerambycinae. The other three subfamilies - Lepturinae, Necydalinae and Lamiinae are still not codified, and their Ukrainian vernacular nomenclature has not been developed. The current (third) part of our study is devoted to the unification and codification of the Ukrainian national vernacular nomenclature of the names of two subfamilies: Lepturinae and Necydalinae. Ukrainian vernacular names of taxa from these subfamilies are very few and scattered in a number of papers published over the last 160 years, starting from 1864. Such an unusual situation occurred despite the fact that these beetles are among the most common and recognizable in the fauna of Ukraine, numbering 79 species from 37 genera, 9 tribes and 2 subfamilies. Today, there is a critical lack of their vernacular names for use in scientific, technical, popular, educational and fiction literature. The main principles we used for the unification and codification of the longhorn beetles Ukrainian vernacular nomenclature: 1) only the binomial name of a specific taxon consisting of the name of the genus (noun) and the specific epithet (adjective) is suitable for use; 2) the names of taxa in the form of three- and four-nomen, transliterations from Latin, transfers from Russian and other languages, appositions, names with a hyphen are unsuitable for use; 3) priority is given to the oldest or most used Ukrainian names; 4) proposals for new names were made only if necessary. It was revealed that for the indicated subfamilies, only 24 taxa (19%) out of 127 have Ukrainian vernacular names. These include 17 species, 6 genera, 1 tribe. At the same time, only 3 binomens and 8 specific epithets have been considered suitable for use, since they correspond to the defined rules of nomenclature. The rest are unsuitable due to non-compliance with the criteria of the nomenclature. On the whole, we unified and codified 137 names of the longhorn beetles in the Ukrainian language, including 6 subspecies, 79 species, 1 subgenus, 39 genera, 9 tribes, 1 supertribe and 2 subfamilies. For the first time, we proposed Ukrainian names for 123 taxa of different ranks.
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Panhelova, Mariia. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING THE GENRE OF SCIENCE FICTION IN INSTITUTIONS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KURT VONNEGUT’S NOVEL «CAT’S CRADLE»)". Scientia et societus 2, n.º 2 (30 de noviembre de 2022): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2786-6327/2022/2/52-57.
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This article is devoted to the role of the cultural aspect in literary education. The necessity to create a comprehensive system of studying the science fiction genre of the 20th century (on the example of Kurt Vonnegut’s «Cat’s Cradle») at the final stage of school literary education has been identified and substantiated.
At the center of the concept of modern literary education and upbringing are the personality of the student, his desire to understand the whole picture of the world, mastering culture as the experience of previous generations, involvement in spiritual heritage. To the extent that the student-reader learns the experience passed on by previous generations, to the extent that he will be able to navigate the constantly changing conditions of life, realize his own responsibility to the future generation.
The cultural illiteracy of high school students, the loss of connection with the spiritual culture of their people and humanity in general speak of the need to educate a «person of culture» in a modern school. In this regard, an important role in the formation of emotional perception and understanding of various facts of the culture of both their own and other nations is played by lexicographers and the literature classes conducted by them, aimed at studying literary works against the background of a broad cultural context. Involvement in the historical-literary process will help students to see patterns in the development of foreign culture and literature in particular.
An important point is the culturalization of education, which is aimed at globalization in the field of culture and education, associated with increasing interest in the problems of the cultural identity of peoples. Globalization in education is a single world cultural and educational space, a single world labor market and educational services.
The cultural aspect of education determines the composition and hierarchy of values, the system- creating element of which is the student’s personality as the main value. There is no doubt that the implementation of the cultural aspect of teaching literature at school contributes to the effective entry of students into the context of culture, forms in them a system of key value ideas about the world and man, which become worldview guidelines. The cultural aspect makes it possible to overcome the stereotypes accumulated in the perception and analysis of both foreign literature (works in the light of the cultural aspect of the study return with new facets and open new meanings) and foreign culture as a whole.
Undoubtedly, the cultural aspect allows one to consider the work of art in three planes: a generalized model of the world, national and cultural specificity, the author’s own model of the world and man, where his philosophical, religious, moral and aesthetic views are presented.
Implementation of the cultural aspect in education is possible in the process of development of the value-meaning sphere of the individual.
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Dorfman, Natalia. "The concept of corporeality in contemporary Serbian and Montenegrin prose: from interpretation to “immersion” in the text". Synopsis: Text Context Media 26, n.º 2 (2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2020.2.1.
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Today’s theory, as well as literary fiction, which is usually most sensitive to changes in worldview, capture an evident fusion of mental and corporeal components in 21st-century culture. Being stated by numerous theorists, the “end of postmodernism” brings a new sensual dominant to the culture. The article demonstrates an existing tendency in today’s Serbian and Montenegrin prose to depict a special type of “integral corporeality”, a phenomenon in which mental and psycho-emotional processes occur and are described only through the body and in bodily terms. This demonstrates the integrity of the external and internal, which, in contrast to the postmodernist sense of disconnection and fragmentation of life, testifies to a new integrity in culture and worldview. That is the research problem. Focusing on an analysis of the works of three Serbian and Montenegrin writers, David Albahari, Slobodan Tišma, and Ognjen Spahić, the author of the article is, however, inclined to believe that such a process of unification of the body with emotions, feelings, and, often, socio-cultural context is a direct reflection of the modern tendency to move from intellectual comprehension of the world and its mental interpretation towards a certain “immersion” in the world, or an integration involving sensation instead of remote analysis. That is, the concept of corporeality and its reflecting in literary fiction are part of a broader and more global process of changing the worldview paradigm in general, and changing the approach to interacting with the world. The author tries to trace this connection of literature with socio-cultural shifts. Thus, the aim of the study is to consider the mechanisms of the realization of corporality in modern Serbian and Montenegrin prose as a part of global socio-cultural changes and changes in worldview. Drawing parallels between Raoul Eshelman's concept of performatism and the transition from rationalization to “immersion” in the world described by Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht in “Production of Presence. What Meaning Cannot Convey” the author views the fusion of corporeal and mental elements in the texts of the writers under analysis as a movement towards a “culture of presence,” and a consequence of ideological shifts that began in the 60's with calls “against interpretation.” The latter determines the novelty of the work. During the research the author uses analysis and synthesis; the comparative method for establishing similarities and differences between corporeality manifestations in the texts under analysis; the inductive method, which allowed movement from the study of individual phenomena in selected works to theoretical generalizations; the hermeneutic method for the interpretation of the phenomenon of the corporeal in literary texts under analysis; and the cultural-historical method, which enabled consideration and interpretation of the phenomena of the corporeal as part of global processes, in the context of the cultural history of the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries.
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Ljung Svensson, Ann-Sofie. "Landsbygden, naturen och den svenska jordbrukspolitiken". Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 48, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 2018): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v48i3.7471.
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The Countryside, Nature, and Swedish Agrarian Policies. Vilhelm Moberg from an Eco-Critical Perspective
This study applies an eco-critical perspective on the agrarian utopia Vilhelm Moberg depicts in his fictional works. His autobiographical novels about Knut Toring from the 1930s and his emigrant series from the 1950s are put in the foreground. (Sänkt sedebetyg 1935, transl. Memory of Youth 1937; Sömnlös 1937, “Sleepless”, not translated into English; Giv oss jorden! 1939, transl. The Earth is Ours 1940; Utvandrarna 1949, transl. The Emigrants 1951; Invandrarna 1953, transl. Unto a Good Land 1954; Nybyggarna 1956, transl. The Settlers; Sista brevet till Sverige 1959, transl. The Last Letter Home 1961).
These works can be read as variations on a theme which occupied Moberg throughout his life as a writer: the loss of rural Sweden. The study focuses on Moberg’s utopian concepts of how the countryside could be saved. The solution lies in increased productivity and growth. In both his fictional and journalistic works Moberg has come forward as a critic of modernity in general and more specific the emerging Swedish welfare state, the so called ”Folkhemmet”. But the study argues that Moberg’s novels, paradoxically enough, in certain respects are compatible with Swedish agrarian policies in the middle of the 20th century and the ideological ideas underpinning ”Folkhemmet”, with development, progress and growth as overriding goals. The eco-critical perspective puts this policy of growth in a historical and anthropological and ideological context, aiming to show that nature in the works of Moberg is primarily seen as a resource for man. Nature is a bottomless source of riches, and man is assigned to manage it.