Bibliografías temáticas / Fenestrations

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Fenestrations"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 20 de febrero de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Fenestrations"

Cooke, Daniel L., Charles E. Stout, Warren T. Kim, Akash P. Kansagra, John Paul Yu, Amy Gu, Nicholas P. Jewell et al. "Cerebral Arterial Fenestrations". Interventional Neuroradiology 20, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 2014): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15274/inr-2014-10027.

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Arterial fenestrations are an anatomic variant with indeterminate significance. Given the controversy surrounding fenestrations we sought their prevalence within our practice along with their association with other cerebrovascular anomalies. We retrospectively reviewed 10,927 patients undergoing digital subtraction angiography between 1992 and 2011. Dictated reports were searched for the terms “fenestration” or “fenestrated” with images reviewed for relevance, yielding 228 unique cases. A Medline database search from February 1964 to January 2013 generated 304 citations, 127 cases of which were selected for analysis. Cerebral arterial fenestrations were identified in 228 patients (2.1%). At least one aneurysm was noted in 60.5% of patients, with an aneurysm arising from the fenestration in 19.6% of patients. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage or non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were present in 60.1% and 15.8%, respectively. For the subset of patients with an aneurysm arising directly from a fenestration relative to those patients with an aneurysm not immediately associated with a fenestration, the prevalence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage was 66.7% vs. 58.6% (p = 0.58). Fenestrations were more often within the posterior circulation (73.2%) than the anterior circulation (24.6%), though there was no difference in the prevalence of aneurysms within these groups (61.1% vs. 60.7%, p = 1.0). Cerebral arterial fenestrations are an anatomic variant more often manifesting at the anterior communicating arterial complex and basilar artery and with no definite pathological relationship with aneurysms.

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Gambarini, Gianluca, Gabriele Miccoli, Gianfranco Gaimari, Deborah Pompei, Andrea Pilloni, Lucila Piasecki, Dina Al-Sudani, Dario Di Nardo y Luca Testarelli. "Detection of Bone Defects Using CBCT Exam in an Italian Population". International Journal of Dentistry 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7523848.

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Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo incidence and the location of fenestrations in a young Italian population by using CBCT. Materials and Methods. Fifty patients who had previously performed CBCT for planning third molar extraction or orthodontic therapy were selected for the study. No previous dental treatment had been performed on these patients. Overall, 1,395 teeth were evaluated. Root fenestrations were identified according to the definition of Davies and the American Association of Endodontists. Data was collected and statistically analyzed. Results. Fenestrations were observed in 159 teeth out of 1,395 (11% of teeth). In the lower jaw, we found 68 fenestrations (5%) and 91 in the maxilla (6,5%). Incisors were the teeth with the highest incidence of fenestrations. Conclusion. The relative common finding (11%) of fenestration supports the need for CBCT exams before any surgical/implant treatment to avoid complications related to the initial presence of fenestrations. CBCT was found to be an effective and convenient tool for diagnosing fenestration.

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Zapotoczny, Bartlomiej, Karolina Szafranska, Malgorzata Lekka, Balpreet Singh Ahluwalia y Peter McCourt. "Tuning of Liver Sieve: The Interplay between Actin and Myosin Regulatory Light Chain Regulates Fenestration Size and Number in Murine Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 17 (30 de agosto de 2022): 9850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179850.

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Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) facilitate the efficient transport of macromolecules and solutes between the blood and hepatocytes. The efficiency of this transport is realized via transcellular nanopores, called fenestrations. The mean fenestration size is 140 ± 20 nm, with the range from 50 nm to 350 nm being mostly below the limits of diffraction of visible light. The cellular mechanisms controlling fenestrations are still poorly understood. In this study, we tested a hypothesis that both Rho kinase (ROCK) and myosin light chain (MLC) kinase (MLCK)-dependent phosphorylation of MLC regulates fenestrations. We verified the hypothesis using a combination of several molecular inhibitors and by applying two high-resolution microscopy modalities: structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We demonstrated precise, dose-dependent, and reversible regulation of the mean fenestration diameter within a wide range from 120 nm to 220 nm and the fine-tuning of the porosity in a range from ~0% up to 12% using the ROCK pathway. Moreover, our findings indicate that MLCK is involved in the formation of new fenestrations—after inhibiting MLCK, closed fenestrations cannot be reopened with other agents. We, therefore, conclude that the Rho-ROCK pathway is responsible for the control of the fenestration diameter, while the inhibition of MLCK prevents the formation of new fenestrations.

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Czyżewski, Wojciech, Zofia Hoffman, Michał Szymoniuk, Patrycja Korulczyk, Kamil Torres y Grzegorz Staśkiewicz. "The Incidence, Localization and Clinical Relevance of Arterial Fenestrations and Their Association to Brain Aneurysms: A Case–Control Study Based on the STROBE Guidelines". Brain Sciences 12, n.º 10 (28 de septiembre de 2022): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101310.

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Background: Fenestrations are rare, but well-known, vascular variations of the cerebral arteries. They are mostly incidental, asymptomatic angiographic findings and might precipitate vascular lesions such as AVM, aneurysmal dilatation, or even ischemic symptoms. However, association between arterial fenestration and brain aneurysms has not been clearly established. Objective: To evaluate whether incidence of arterial fenestrations are associated with brain aneurysm development and investigate the prevalence and most-common localizations of arterial fenestrations of the human brain. Design: Case–control study. Setting: All patients examined by CT angiography in University Hospital No. 4 in Lublin from 2009 to 2019. Patients: Each patient showing at least one cerebral aneurysm was included in the case group and each patient without cerebral aneurysm on CT angiography was included in the control group. Measurements: CT angiography examinations were conducted using the standard protocol used in the 1st Department of Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland. The database and statistical research were conducted by use of the Statistica software (ver. 13.3, Tibco Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). Results: A total of 6545 CTA examinations were included in the study. Most of the aneurysms were located on the MCA: 629 (38.59%), ICA: 466 (28.59%) and AComA: 192 (11.78%). Cerebral arterial fenestration showed a non-statistically significant elevated risk for brain aneurysms in the entire study population (OR: 1.157; 95% CI: 0.826–1.621; p = 0.39). Among 6545 cranial CTA examinations, cerebral vessel fenestration was found in 49 of them, which constituted 0.75%. The most common vascular fenestrations were those located in the ACA (30.61%), BA (30.61%) and AComA (22.45%), while other fenestrations occurred infrequently. There were no significant differences in the age of patients in the individuals with vascular fenestration (p > 0.05). VA fenestration was slightly more common in men (16.67%) than in women (5.41%). However, these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.216). Limitations: Our study has several limitations, including selection bias regarding examined population. Second, we assume that the total number of fenestrations detected in our study was underestimated due to the limitations of the CT method in comparison to other radiologic modalities. Conclusions: Cerebral arterial fenestrations are rare vascular malformations. The ACA is the most common localization of fenestrations, followed by BA and AComA. Fenestrations of cerebral arteries insignificantly increase the risk of cerebral aneurysm formation. Further prospective studies are necessary to make this association more precise.

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Hunt, Nicholas J., Glen P. Lockwood, Alessandra Warren, Hong Mao, Peter A. G. McCourt, David G. Le Couteur y Victoria C. Cogger. "Manipulating fenestrations in young and old liver sinusoidal endothelial cells". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 316, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2019): G144—G154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00179.2018.

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Fenestrations are pores within liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) that enable the transfer of substrates (particularly insulin and lipoproteins) between blood and hepatocytes. With increasing age, there are marked reductions in fenestrations, referred to as pseudocapillarization. Currently, fenestrations are thought to be regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide (NO) pathways promoting remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and cell membrane lipid rafts. We investigated the effects of drugs that act on these pathways on fenestrations in old (18–24 mo) and young mice (3–4 mo). Isolated LSECs were incubated with either cytochalasin 7-ketocholesterol, sildenafil, amlodipine, simvastatin, 2, 5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), bosentan, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). LSECs were visualized under scanning electron microscopy to quantify fenestration porosity, diameter, and frequency, as well as direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy to examine actin and NO synthase. In young and old LSECs, fenestration porosity, diameter and frequency were increased by 7-ketocholesterol, while porosity and/or frequency were increased with NMN, sildenafil, amlodipine, TRAIL, and cytochalasin D. In old mice only, bosentan and DOI increased fenestration porosity and/or frequency. Modification of the actin cytoskeleton was observed with all agents that increased fenestrations, while NO synthase was only increased by sildenafil, amlodipine, and TRAIL. In conclusion, agents that target NO, actin, or lipid rafts promote changes in fenestrations in mice LSECs. Regulation of fenestrations occurs via both NO-dependent and independent pathways. This work indicates that age-related defenestration can be reversed pharmacologically, which has potential translational relevance for dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate the effects of multiple nitric oxide-dependent and -independent pharmaceutical agents on fenestrations of the liver sinusoidal endothelium. Fenestrations are reorganized in response to nicotinamide mononucleotide, sildenafil, amlodipine, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. This work indicates that age-related defenestration can be reversed pharmacologically, which has potential translational relevance for dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in old age.

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Sogawa, Keiji, Yoichi Kikuchi, Toshihiro O'Uchi, Michihiro Tanaka y Tomio Inoue. "Fenestrations of the Basilar Artery Demonstrated on Magnetic Resonance Angiograms: An Analysis of 212 Cases". Interventional Neuroradiology 19, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2013): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/159101991301900409.

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Fenestration of the basilar artery (BA) is a rare variant of the intracranial artery, well demonstrated in autopsy and angiographic studies. Some angiographic series show a high incidence of associated aneurysms at the basilar fenestration site. The purpose of this study is to report the incidence of BA fenestration, its configurations, associated aneurysms, and arterial anomalies in a large series of intracranial MR angiograms (MRAs). A total of 16,416 MRAs were retrospectively reviewed to identify the location, size and associated intracranial arterial anomalies of BA fenestrations. All images were obtained with the time-of-flight (TOF) technique. Of the 16,416 MRAs, 215 fenestrations were found in 212 cases (1.29%). Most fenestrations were located in the proximal BA. The average length of the fenestration was 4.6 mm; the largest was 15.6 mm. No aneurysm was found at the site of the fenestration. Thirteen aneurysms were found in nine cases at locations other than the BA: seven in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), one in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), one in the anterior communicating artery (Acom), one in the vertebral artery (VA), one at the carotid siphon, and two at the internal carotid-posterior communicating artery (IC-PC). Arterial anomalies in other locations were found in 26 cases. BA fenestrations were found in 1.29% of the 16,416 cases studied. There were no aneurysms at the BA fenestration site. Aneurysms at the BA fenestration site may be an exceedingly rare phenomenon.

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Lin, Jing, Niraj Parikh, Naval Udgiri, Shaoxia Wang, Daniel F. Miller, Chaojing Li, Jean Panneton et al. "Laser Fenestration of Aortic Stent-Grafts Followed by Noncompliant vs Cutting Balloon Dilation: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study". Journal of Endovascular Therapy 25, n.º 3 (25 de abril de 2018): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526602818772311.

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Purpose: To examine the effects of in situ laser fenestration and subsequent balloon dilation (noncompliant vs cutting) on the graft fabric of 4 aortic stent-graft models. Method: In an in vitro setup, the Zenith TX2, Talent, Endurant, and Anaconda aortic stent-grafts (all made of polyester graft material) were subjected to laser fenestration with a 2.3-mm-diameter probe at low and high energy in a physiologic saline solution followed by balloon dilation of the hole. For the first series of tests, 6-mm-diameter noncompliant balloons were used and replaced for the second series by 6-mm-diameter cutting balloons. Each procedure was performed 5 times (5 fenestrations per balloon type). The fenestrations were examined visually and with light and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Each fenestration demonstrated various degrees of fraying and/or tearing regardless of the device. The monofilament twill weave of the Talent endograft tore in the warp direction up to 7.09±0.46 mm at high energy compared with 2.41±0.26 mm for the Endurant multifilament device. The fenestrations of the 3 endografts with multifilament weave (Zenith, Anaconda, and Endurant) showed more fraying; fenestration areas in the multifilament Endurant were >10 mm2 at low and high energy. The fenestrations were free of melted fibers, but minor blackening of the filaments was observed in all devices. Overall, the cutting balloons resulted in worse tearing and damage. Of note, the edges of the dilated laser-formed fenestrations of the Talent and the Endurant grafts demonstrated evidence of additional shredded yarns. Conclusion: In situ fenestration does not cause any melting of the polyester; however, the observed structural damage to the fabric construction must be carefully considered. Cutting balloons caused various levels of tearing compared to the noncompliant balloons and cannot be recommended for use in this application. Rather, noncompliant balloons should be employed, but only with endografts constructed from multifilament yarns. The use of in situ fenestration must be restricted to urgent and emergent cases until long-term durability can be determined.

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Cogger, Victoria Carroll, Mashani Mohamad, Samantha Marie Solon-Biet, Alistair M. Senior, Alessandra Warren, Jennifer Nicole O'Reilly, Bui Thanh Tung et al. "Dietary macronutrients and the aging liver sinusoidal endothelial cell". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 310, n.º 9 (1 de mayo de 2016): H1064—H1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00949.2015.

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Fenestrations are pores within the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) that line the sinusoids of the highly vascularized liver. Fenestrations facilitate the transfer of substrates between blood and hepatocytes. With pseudocapillarization of the hepatic sinusoid in old age, there is a loss of fenestrations. LSECs are uniquely exposed to gut-derived dietary and microbial substrates delivered by the portal circulation to the liver. Here we studied the effect of 25 diets varying in content of macronutrients and energy on LSEC fenestrations using the Geometric Framework method in a large cohort of mice aged 15 mo. Macronutrient distribution rather than total food or energy intake was associated with changes in fenestrations. Porosity and frequency were inversely associated with dietary fat intake, while fenestration diameter was inversely associated with protein or carbohydrate intake. Fenestrations were also linked to diet-induced changes in gut microbiome, with increased fenestrations associated with higher abundance of Firmicutes and reduced abundance of Bacteroidetes. Diet-induced changes in levels of several fatty acids (C16:0, C19:0, and C20:4) were also significantly inversely associated with fenestrations, suggesting a link between dietary fat and modulation of lipid rafts in the LSECs. Diet influences fenestrations and these data reflect both the key role of the LSECs in clearing gut-derived molecules from the vascular circulation and the impact these molecules have on LSEC morphology.

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Dima, Stefanita y Mugurel Radoi. "Basilar artery fenestration associated with aneurysms treated by endovascular approach". Romanian Neurosurgery 19, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2012): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10282-012-0015-0.

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Abstract Introduction: Arterial fenestrations are associated with saccular aneurysms that are often difficult to treat with open surgical techniques. Basilar artery fenestration reported in the literature is highly variable depending on the technique used. Typically fenestration occurs at the lower end of the basilar artery just at the vertebral arteries join. For basilar artery fenestrations associated with aneurysms endovascular embolization could be the first treatment choice. Methods: This study presented three cases of patients having basilar artery fenestration associated with aneurysm that were treated endovascularly. All patients underwent endovascular embolization by femoral approach, under general anesthesia. Results: In all three cases, no new neurological deficits were reported. Balloon remodeling technique was necessary in one patient that presented kissing aneurysms. The length of the follow-up was 3 years for 2 patients, and 1 year for one patient. All the aneurysms, except one, presented a small recanalization at four vessels digital subtraction angiography (DSA) control, but it remained stable even at the three years control. Conclusions: Endovascular treatment of basilar artery aneurysms associated with fenestrations is a safe and durable option. No second embolization procedure was necessary in our cases. No limb of the fenestration was necessary to be sacrificed. Larger series of patients treated with this method are needed to support our evidence.

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Dunmore, P. Joy, S. H. Song y Margot R. Roach. "A comparison of the size of fenestrations in the internal elastic lamina of young and old porcine aortas as seen with the scanning electron microscope". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 68, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1990): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y90-022.

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The size of the fenestrations (windows) in the internal elastic lamina (IEL) of arteries may be important in the functioning of the blood vessel wall. The fenestrations are filled with collagen, muscle, and (or) ground substance, which must be removed to make the fenestration visible with the scanning electron microscope. All of the nonelastic components are removed with a hot alkali solution. Our experiments were designed to compare the fenestration size in the IEL of the thoracic aorta of young (6–8 weeks) and old (6–9 months) pigs. A protocol for digestion of young pig tissue was developed and showed that fresh young aortas should be digested in 0.1 M NaOH at 75 °C for 2 h and fixed tissue should be digested for 5 h. The average area of the fenestrations for young pig thoracic aortas digested for 2 h was 1.8 ± 0.29 (SE) μm2 and for the old pig aortas digested for 2 h was 1.7 ± 0.11 (SE) μm2. These values were not significantly different (p > 0.05), but the IEL from young pigs appeared rougher than the previously reported smooth IEL of the adult pigs.Key words: elastin, fixation, digestion, fenestration, scanning electron microscope.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Fenestrations"

Brown, Andrew. "Development of an autonomous parallel action tissue grasper to minimise tissue trauma". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/8151b394-f604-4d5f-98c5-dc8516ac0c42.

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Trauma caused by grasping during laparoscopic surgery is something which will never be fully eradicated however efforts should be taken to reduce the potential to cause trauma by grasping. Tissue is often grasped with excessive forces for long periods of time during surgeries such as cholecystectomies and colectomies. This along with failed grasping actions and the occurrence of slip has been shown to damage the tissue. Design features often employed within graspers such as profiling and the occlusion mechanism of the instrument cause areas of high, uneven distribution of pressures on the tissue which can result in perforation or tissue tearing. By investigating these contributing factors, development of graspers with a low risk to cause damage this combined with actuating the grasping force should reduce the incidence of grasping trauma, currently at estimated at one incidence per procedure. These trauma events can lead to conversion to open surgery, peritonitis and even death. Development of an autonomous grasping instrument to detect and prevent slip by actuating the grasping force is reported. Piezoelectric sensors are used to detect incipient slip and slip events. A closed loop control system then reacts to these perceived slip events to prevent slip occurring by actuating the applied force by small increments to increase or decrease grasping force. This leads to a system in which only the required amount of force necessary to overcome pull force is applied to the tissue. Other areas of investigation to reduce tissue trauma are presented. In chapter 3 design features such as surface profiling and fenestrations are evaluated to determine the potential to cause damage. A variety of profiles and fenestrations are studied and each is reported by representing the applied force to retention force ratio which indicates how good the profile is at retaining tissue against a pull force. The aim of this study was to develop surface profiling which had a high retention force but a reduced number of high stress areas which can lead to tissue damage. Three new parallel action grasping designs are presented and evaluated using finite element analysis. Parallel action grasping is important in reducing tissue trauma as it distributes pressure evenly across the active grasping area as opposed to more conventional pivot style graspers which have high stress concentration areas in the proximal opening. Each area of study within the thesis addresses areas of concern which have been shown to cause tissue trauma and postulates viable solutions to reduce the incidences of tissue trauma during laparoscopic surgery with the ultimate aim of developing a deployable and autonomous grasping device which will detect and prevent slip.

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Yamasaki, Toshinari. "Tumor microvasculature with endothelial fenestrations in VHL null CC-RCC as a potent target of anti-angiogenic therapy(". Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/170080.

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Boudhaim, Marouane. "Optical and thermal performance of complex fenestration systems in the context of building information modelling". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD032/document.

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L'efficacité énergétique du bâtiment occupe une place importante dans les projets de construction. La façade, intermédiaire entre l'environnement et l'intérieur, joue un rôle clé pour déterminer les performances énergétiques du bâtiment. Les systèmes de fenestration complexes sont généralement utilisés pour améliorer son efficacité. L'étude des performances de la façade inclut généralement la consommation d'énergie, l'éclairage naturel et les aspects de confort visuel et thermique. Les efforts récents s'orientent vers l'utilisation de modèles intelligents tels que le Building Information Modeling. CFS pourraient être facilement comparées dans la phase de conception du bâtiment afin d'optimiser ses performances. Nous présentons une méthodologie pour transformer le modèle architectural du BIM en modèle énergétique ainsi que des modèles optique et thermique du CFS compatibles avec le BIM. Ces modèles sont validés par une comparaison avec des données expérimentales et les normes actuelles
The energy efficiency of the building occupies an important place in construction projects. The facade plays a key role in determining the performance of the building. Complex fenestration systems (CFS) are therefore generally used to improve its efficiency. The facade's performance evaluation usually includes energy consumption, natural lighting, visual and thermal comfort aspects in order to choose the optimal CFS. Recent efforts have focused on using rich models such as Building Information Modeling (BIM). These models provide an opportunity for automation and cost savings. Several CFS models could easily be compared to optimize the building's performance. In this thesis, we present a methodology to transform the architectural model of the BIM into a Building Energy Model compatible with several simulation software. We also present optical and thermal models compatible with BIM. These models are validated by comparison with experimental data and current standards

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Uriarte, Otazua Urtza. "Light and taste : third plane side‐view combined with complex fenestration system atmospheres under midday clear sky at restaurants". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404022.

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This thesis deals with sunny side-lit indoor atmospheres, in which an outdoor view is required and a calm environment to enhance concentration. Different window systems were compared: a single fully glazed façade and complex façades. The complex façades were composed of large or small windows that combined a light shelf and prismatic film complex fenestration systems. The luminance and illuminance distribution parameters were selected to assess the light atmosphere. The Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) index was used to evaluate the luminance distribution and the Daylight Autonomy (DA) index was used to evaluate the illuminance distribution. The simulation method was selected to validate the hypothesis. Evalglare, which is a tool for performing a glare analysis of a Radiance-based HDR scene, was used to obtain the DGP index and the Three-Phase Method was used to simulate complex fenestration with Radiance to obtain the DA index. In addition, DIVA, Radiance¿s based plugin for Rhino, was used to obtain reference illuminance data and the DA of window systems without Complex Fenestration Systems (CFS). Furthermore, one point of view usually contains more than two workplanes; a down view (e.g. to a tablet, paper, etc.), a front view (e.g. to a monitor, other person, etc.) and a far view (e.g. to the outside, open-plan, etc.). Therefore, a third workplane was proposed in addition to the source and background planes. In consequence, the mean DGP of three workplanes was proposed as a simple way to obtain the overall glare perception. The mean DA was also proposed to obtain a reference value throughout the space and standard deviation was used to obtain more information about illuminance distribution throughout the space. The restaurant was proposed as case study because in recent years the demand for an outside view whilst dining has grown considerably. In this context, the selected point of view was that of a person seated at a table next to the façade, with another person in front of him or her. Therefore, the workplanes were the table, the person and the window. These three workplanes were tested by the DGP index and the workplane of the table spread along the room was tested by the DA index. The results show, on one hand according to the luminance distribution results, the contribution of the different workplanes, as the third plane, the source plane and the background plane, could help to get closer to the final glare perception, because it takes into account aspects of adaptation. Three workplanes combination could allow differentiating more extreme luminance values than having only two workplanes. The small window tends to provide less probability of daylight glare than the large window, but also provides less light and more local contrast. On the other hand, according to illuminance distribution results, if redirecting systems are added to the façade composition and the light source that probably causes the glare is avoided, light that it is better distributed throughout the workplanes can be achieved. In conclusion, the small window combined with a Complex Fenestration System can provide less indoor sidelight, but, intimate and comfortable atmosphere where users can enjoy a good concentration level. When the two functions of an outdoor view and light supplied from a glazed façade are separated, they may work better. A complex daylight design, combining an outside view, redirected light, indirect light and direct light with the workplanes could provide a different atmosphere with an accurate light balance, according to the activity.
La tesis trata sobre ambientes interiores en días soleados con iluminación natural lateral, en el cual la vista exterior es requerida y un ambiente tranquilo para mejorar la concentración. Diferentes sistemas de ventanas fueron comparados; una simple fachada totalmente vidriada y unas fachadas complejas. Las fachadas complejas están compuestas por una ventana grande o pequeña combinada por sistemas complejos de ventanas como un estante de luz o una película prismática. Los parámetros como la distribución de luminancias y la distribución de iluminancias fueron seleccionados para evaluar el ambiente lumínico. El índice Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) fue utilizado para evaluar la distribución de luminancias y el índice Daylight Autonomy (DA) fue utilizado para evaluar la distribución de iluminancias. El método de simulación fue elegido para validar la hipótesis. Evalglare, el cual es una herramienta para realizar el análisis de deslumbramiento de escenas de HDR basados en Radiance, fue utilizado para obtener el índice DGP y Three-Phase Method fue utilizado para simular el índice DA con los sistemas complejos de ventanas con Radiance. Igualmente, DIVA, programa adicional basado en Radiance para Rhino, fue utilizado para obtener datos de referencia de iluminancia y el DA para sistemas de ventanas sin sistemas complejos de ventanas (CFS). Asimismo, normalmente un punto de vista contiene más de dos planos de trabajo; una vista inferior (p. ej. hacia una pantalla, papel, etc.), una vista frontal (p. ej. hacia un monitor, otra persona, etc.) y una vista lejana (p. ej. hacia un exterior, espacio abierto, etc.). Por lo tanto, un tercer plano de trabajo fue propuesto para añadir a los planos de trabajo de la fuente y el fondo. En consecuencia, la media del DGP de los tres planos de trabajo fue propuesto de una forma sencilla para obtener la percepción global del deslumbramiento. La media de DA también fue propuesto para conseguir un valor de referencia a lo largo del espacio y la medida de desviación de estándar fue utilizado para obtener más información sobre la distribución de la iluminancia a lo largo del espacio. El restaurante fue propuesto como caso de estudio, porque en los últimos años en la actividad de comer la demanda de las vistas exteriores ha incrementado considerablemente. En este contexto, el punto de vista seleccionado es adyacente a la fachada desde una persona sentada comiendo con una mesa compartida por una persona de en frente. Por lo tanto, los planos de trabajo son la mesa, la persona y la ventana. Estos tres planos están testeados por el índice DGP y el plano de trabajo de la mesa expandido a lo largo de la sala está testeado por el índice DA. Los resultados demuestran, por un lado conforme a los resultados de la distribución de luminancias, la contribución de diferentes planos de trabajo, como el tercer plano, el plano de la fuente y el plano del fondo, podría aproximar más a la percepción global de deslumbramiento, porque tiene en cuenta aspectos de la adaptación. La combinación de los tres planos de trabajo puede permitir una diferenciación mayor de las luminancias extremas que la combinación de dos planos de trabajo. La ventana pequeña tiene tendencia a proporcionar menos probabilidad de deslumbramiento que la ventana grande pero menos cantidad de luz y más contraste local. Por otro lado, conforme a los resultados de la distribución de iluminancias, si los sistemas de redirección se incorporan a la composición de la fachada y la probabilidad de deslumbramiento de la fuente de luz se evita, se puede conseguir una iluminación mejor distribuida a lo largo de los planos de trabajo se. En conclusión, la ventana en combinación con sistemas complejos de ventanas es capaz de proporcionar menos la iluminación natural lateral pero sí una atmósfera interior confortable e íntima mediante en el cual los usuarios pueden disfrutar de un buen nivel de concentración.

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Pereira, Fernando Oscar Ruttkay. "Luminous and thermal performance of window shading and sunlighting reflecting devices". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302180.

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Cheluvappa, Rajkumar. "Pathophysiology of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells". University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2802.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)
Owing to its strategic position in the liver sinusoid, pathologic and morphologic alterations of the Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell (LSEC) have far-reaching repercussions for the whole liver and systemic metabolism. LSECs are perforated with fenestrations, which are pores that facilitate the transfer of lipoproteins and macromolecules between blood and hepatocytes. Loss of LSEC porosity is termed defenestration, which can result from loss of fenestrations and/ or decreases in fenestration diameter. Gram negative bacterial endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) has marked effects on LSEC morphology, including induction LSEC defenestration. Sepsis is associated with hyperlipidemia, and proposed mechanisms include inhibition of tissue lipoprotein lipase and increased triglyceride production by the liver. The LSEC has an increasingly recognized role in hyperlipidemia. Conditions associated with reduced numbers of fenestrations such as ageing and bacterial infections are associated with impaired lipoprotein and chylomicron remnant uptake by the liver and consequent hyperlipidemia. Given the role of the LSEC in liver allograft rejection and hyperlipidemia, changes in the LSEC induced by LPS may have significant clinical implications. In this thesis, the following major hypotheses are explored: 1. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin pyocyanin induces defenestration of the LSEC both in vitro and in vivo 2. The effects of pyocyanin on the LSEC are mediated by oxidative stress 3. Defenestration induced by old age and poloxamer 407 causes intrahepatocytic hypoxia and upregulation of hypoxia-related responses 4. Defenestration of the LSEC seen in old age can be exacerbated by diabetes mellitus and prevented or ameliorated by caloric restriction commencing early in life

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Kleinmann, Peter. "Gingivarezessionen und kieferorthopädische Maßnahmen - Eine Literaturübersicht". Master's thesis, Dresden International University, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-179357.

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In der Literatur wird die kieferorthopädische Bewegung auch als ätiologischer Faktor für die Entstehung gingivaler Rezessionen gesehen (Dorfman 1978; Toker und Ozdemir 2009). Bereits 1942 beschäftigte sich Oppenheim mit dem Einfluss der Kieferorthopädie auf das parodontale Gewebe und stellte bereits damals fest, dass selbst bei größter Sorgfalt negative Einflüsse auf das Parodont nicht vermieden werden können (Oppenheim 1942). Nach derzeitiger Datenlage scheint folgende Antwort gerechtfertigt zu sein. Im Zuge einer kieferorthopädischen Therapie kann es zu Rezessionen der marginalen Gingiva kommen und dies kann auch teilweise nicht verhindert werden. Die fachlich korrekt durchgeführte kieferorthopädische Therapie scheint per se kein erhöhtes Risiko für die Entstehung von Rezessionen zu sein. Dies setzt eine sorgfältige prätherapeutische Diagnostik, geeignete Kräfte und Verankerungselemente, Beibehaltung einer suffizienten Mundhygiene und die Beachtung anatomischer Limits voraus.

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Fernandes, Luis Lomelino. "From lighting performance goals to the optical characteristics of fenestration". Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3207697.

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Lopez, Carlos R. "Comparison of wind-driven rain test methods for residential fenestration". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025078.

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Dave, Shreya H. "Comprehensive performance metrics for Complex Fenestration Systems using a relative approach". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70416.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-148).
Buildings account for over 40% of the energy consumption in the United States, nearly 40% of which is attributed to lighting. The selection of a fenestration system for a building is a critical decision as it offsets electric lighting use as well as impacts energy performance through heating and cooling systems. Further, the fenestration system contributes to both occupant comfort and ambiance of the space. Complex Fenestration Systems (CFS) address these factors with a variety of innovative technologies but the language to describe, discuss, and compare them does not exist. Existing traditional metrics for fenestration systems are unable to reveal the benefits that characterize complex fenestration systems because they are rigid, do not reflect annual performance, and were developed for a different purpose. The framework presented in this research offers a solution to this problem by using an annual climate-based methodology to provide a comprehensive evaluation of a system by incorporating three of the most relevant performance aspects: energy efficiency, occupant visual comfort, and ability to view through. Three metrics, the Relative Energy Impact (REI), the Extent of Comfortable Daylight (ECD), and the View Through Potential (VTP), were derived from these three criteria to express, in relative terms, a fagade's contribution to building energy use, comfortable daylight conditions, and the degree of transparency, respectively. Several practical matters were considered when developing a policy-relevant set of metrics, including both ease of calculation for manufacturers and usability for consumers. As such, the calculation methodology evolved from its initial proposal into a simplified approach, analytical where possible, and into a label-like concept for visual representation. These metrics are intended to exist as a mechanism by which manufacturers can evaluate and compare facade systems, provide high-level intuition of relative performance for designers and contractors, and enable the balance of performance objectives based on user preference. Ultimately, the creation of this comprehensive language is intended to stimulate innovation in fenestration systems and encourage their use in both new and retrofit building applications.
by Shreya H. Dave.
S.M.
S.M.in Technology and Policy

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Más fuentes

Libros sobre el tema "Fenestrations"

Treado, S. J. Fenestration design for office and residential buildings. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1987.

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Booth, John B. Window on the ear: Barbara Hepworth and the fenestration series of drawings. [England]: Royal Society of Medicine Press, 2000.

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Masrani, Abdulrahman y Bulent Arslan. In Vivo Fenestration During Endovascular Aneurysm Repair. Editado por S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan y Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0008.

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Abdominal aortic aneurysms have been managed endovascularly during the past 10–15 years. The main limitations in the ability to treat patients endovascularly are anatomical constraints. The most important factors are aortic neck and iliofemoral access anatomy. This chapter describes a technique to overcome a short neck with a renal artery originating from the aneurysm that does not allow enough proximal landing zone for stent grafting. Several techniques have been developed to overcome this obstacle, including custom-made grafts with fenestrations, back table fenestration, and parallel graft placement. This chapter discusses the in vivo graft fenestration technique to preserve the renal artery lumen during the endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

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Bennett, John M. Fenestration. Luna Bisonte Products, 1991.

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Buchanan, Ian A. y Gabriel Zada. Rathke’s Cleft Cysts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190696696.003.0017.

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Cystic lesions involving the sella have a distinct differential diagnosis including Rathke cleft cyst, cystic pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, arachnoid cyst, and epidermoid among other entities. Workup includes not only cranial imaging but also endocrine evaluation for pituitary dysfunction and ophthalmologic evaluation to assess for visual deficits that may not be immediately apparent to the patient at presentation. Rathke cleft cysts are common and may be found in 20% of autopsy specimens. However, symptomatic Rathke cleft cysts are rare, and surgical decisions should be made judiciously based on preoperative symptoms and workup. Endonasal transphenoidal approach for cyst fenestration is a common surgical management technique for symptomatic lesions. Complete resection of the Rathke cleft cyst wall is not required.

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van Aerts, René M. M., Tom J. G. Gevers y Joost P. H. Drenth. Management of cystic liver disease. Editado por Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0311_update_001.

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In a subset of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients, hepatic cysts dominate the clinical picture. These patients may develop polycystic liver disease, and enlargement of the liver leads to compression of adjacent abdominal and thoracic organs. The main risk factors for growth of liver cysts are female sex, exogenous oestrogen use, multiple pregnancies, and severity of renal disease. Treatment is only indicated in those with symptoms, and choice of treatment depends on total liver volume, size, and location of the liver cysts. Current radiological and surgical therapies include aspiration-sclerotherapy, fenestration, segmental hepatic resection, and liver transplantation. They all are palliative in nature and are partially effective and have non-negligible morbidity and mortality. Somatostatin analogues are still in development for polycystic liver disease.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Fenestrations"

Bergersen, Lisa, Susan Foerster, Audrey C. Marshall y Jeffery Meadows. "Device Closure of Fontan Fenestrations". En Congenital Heart Disease, 111–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77292-9_16.

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Mendes, Bernardo C. y Gustavo S. Oderich. "Selection of Optimal Bridging Stents for Fenestrations and Branches". En Endovascular Aortic Repair, 359–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15192-2_25.

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Wuamett, Joseph C., S. Sadie Ahanchi y Jean M. Panneton. "Techniques and Results of Endovascular In Situ Arch Fenestrations". En Endovascular Aortic Repair, 531–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15192-2_34.

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Lin, Peng, Zhen Tian, Qilin Cai, Cunhui Cao y Guipeng Lin. "Daylight Illuminance Analysis for Classrooms with Prism Daylight Redirecting Fenestrations". En Environmental Science and Engineering, 1459–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9520-8_150.

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Ziese, Derek J. "Design and Detailing Air and Weather Barrier Transitions to Fenestrations". En Building Science and the Physics of Building Enclosure Performance: 2nd Volume, 101–32. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp163520210034.

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Bui, T. B. y H. Rousseau. "Les stents grafts de l’aorte thoracique: fenestrations, branches et techniques alternatives". En Les Syndromes aortiques aigus, 111–16. Paris: Springer Paris, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-79929-7_10.

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Inderbitzi, Rolf. "Pericardial Fenestration". En Surgical Thoracoscopy, 120–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78329-6_17.

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Elefteriades, John A. y Bulat A. Ziganshin. "Fenestration Procedure". En Practical Tips in Aortic Surgery, 233–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78877-3_64.

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Boshoff, Derize E. y Marc H. Gewillig. "Fontan Fenestration Closure". En Atlas of Cardiac Catheterization for Congenital Heart Disease, 153–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72443-0_18.

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Boshoff, Derize E. y Marc H. Gewillig. "Fontan Fenestration Closure". En Cardiac Catheterization for Congenital Heart Disease, 449–64. Milano: Springer Milan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5681-7_27.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Fenestrations"

Sahin, Iskender y Chris Hovland. "A Computational Optimization of a Laminar Flow in a Small Tube With Fenestrations". En ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/fed-24961.

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Abstract An iterative approach by a CFD analysis was applied for optimizing the distribution of a laminar fluid flow through a small diameter tube with a closed end. The goal of the optimization was that flow rates through small discharge outlets (fenestrations) be close to uniform throughout the tube. Parameters used for the optimum design were: the pipe and fenestration hole diameters and the distribution of fenestration along the pipe, and the number of holes, among others. A numerical parameter describing the efficiency of each design was introduced and used for some comparisons.

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Concina, Wendell, Suresh B. Sadineni y Robert F. Boehm. "Development of a Fac¸ade Evaluation Facility for Experimental Study of Building Energy". En ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54294.

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The goal of the project is to evaluate various types of facades’ behavior and effects on building energy, focused primarily on building fenestrations such as windows. Development of the fac¸ade evaluation facility and requirements are presented in this paper. The test facility is a complete standalone unit designed to replicate a section of a building. Accommodation for facilitating a wide range of fenestrations was an important criterion. An effective solution was developed that allowed instant interchangeability of the fac¸ade setup. Although, due south orientated facades was of primary interest, integration of a rotating carousel base allowed flexibility in adjusting the orientation of the test facility. Experimental procedures and instrumentation layout are discussed in detail. The temperature of the indoor environment is continuously controlled and monitored. The measured fenestration characteristics include thermal and optical properties of the windows. The test results reveal the fenestration performance. The outcome of these tests enumerates the effects of the fac¸ade on the overall heating and cooling loads of buildings. Further investigation into these characteristics assists in improving building energy efficiency. Due to the versatility of the facility, quick replacement of the fac¸ade can accommodate several tests in short durations of time. Furthermore, correlation of the results can be scaled appropriately for residential or commercial settings providing practical information for wide utilization, contingent upon the window type.

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McNerney, G. P., W. Hubner, V. C. Cogger, D. L. Thompson, C. I. Oie, L. D. DeLeve, P. McCourt et al. "Structured illumination microscopy applications towards liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrations and HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission". En 2010 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition (ACP 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acp.2010.5682515.

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Gross, K. A., B. Ben-Nissan, W. R. Walsh y E. Swarts. "Analysis of Retrieved Hydroxyapatite Coated Orthopaedic Implants". En ITSC 1998, editado por Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p1133.

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Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings are used to improve the adhesion of bone onto implanted devices. This approach increases the integrity and hence the lifetime of the implant. Several orthopaedic appliances (HA coated and macrotextured) were recovered from patients after revision surgery. The implants were cleaned and sterilised in ethanol or formaldehyde before being photographed and sectioned for analysis. X-ray diffraction indicated that the remaining coating was of high crystallinity. Micro textured areas such as ribbings and fenestrations subjected the coating to different modes of stress which has affected the coating. Adhesive failure was evident on implants attributed to dissolution of the amorphous phase at the interface. Observation of the microstructure with scanning electron microscopy showed that coating degradation begins at the surface where the coating is resorbed and continues along the substrate-coating interface thereby compromising interface strength. The microstructure and the dissolution of retrieved implants are discussed in relation to the general coating features in plasma sprayed HA coatings.

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Meadley, Stacey L., Umakanta Tripathy, Paul W. Wiseman y Richard L. Leask. "Multiphoton Microscopy of Healthy and Aneurismal Human Ascending Aorta". En ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206152.

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The ascending aorta (AA) is the largest artery in the human body. It is responsible for transporting blood between the heart and the rest of the body. The structure of the AA allows it to withstand the resulting blood flow forces. This unique structure is due primarily to the proteins collagen and elastin. Collagen accounts for the strength of the aorta while the mechanical properties of the tissue, under healthy physiological conditions, is dominated by the elastin. Aneurysms are the primary disease associated with the AA, where the diameter of the vessel increases over 1.5 times its original size. Aneurysms can result in severe blood flow disturbances or rupture of the AA and almost always require surgical intervention. The development of an aneurysm is due to a weakening of the aortic wall, specifically the degradation of the structural proteins. This study examines the changes that occur to collagen and elastin in the ascending aorta with aneurysms using multiphoton microscopy. Specifically, the orientation of collagen fibers and the morphology of the fenestrations in the elastic lamina are compared between healthy and dilated human ascending aortas.

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Zapotoczny, Bartlomiej. "A comprehensive study of fenestrations in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells using spectroscopy-based imaging mode of atomic force microscopy and superresolution fluorescence nanoscopy". En European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.552.

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Daar, DA, JM Bourgeois, DS Mowlds, GA Wirth y KZ Paydar. "Abstract P2-13-06: Acellular dermal allograft fenestrations decrease outpatient expander fills and increase direct to implant incidence in implant-based immediate breast reconstruction". En Abstracts: Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 8-12, 2015; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p2-13-06.

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Barbosa, Mateus Gonçalves de Sena, Ghaspar Gomes de Oliveira Alves Francisco, Rafaela Luiza Vilela de Souza, João Marcos Alcântara de Souza y Nicollas Nunes Rabelo. "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in military and sportsists: a factual problem?: a systematic review". En XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.324.

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Background: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease linked to tau protein associated with recurrent brain trauma, clinically marked by mood, personality, cognitive and behavioral changes. Objectives: The objective of the study was to demonstrate whether athletes and military personnel can really be victims of CTE and to elucidate this same pathology. Design and setting: This is a systematic review, based on the PRISMA guidelines and a literature review with a summary of the evidence found. Methods: Articles were selected, published from 1934 to 2020, in PubMed and Scielo using the descriptors: “chronic traumatic encephalopathy”, “cerebral concussion”, “players”, “boxers”, “athletes” and “military”. Inclusion criteria were: studies available in English, Spanish and Portuguese published, with randomized clinical trial, cohort study or meta-analysis. Results: In 52 articles, 14 were selected for qualitative synthesis in the results table that addresses chronic traumatic encephalopathy in football, soccer and rugby players, boxers and the military. Neuropathologically, CTE is characterized by cerebral atrophy, a pelvic septum cavity with fenestrations, dense diffuse immunoreactive inclusions and a TDP-43 proteinopathy. Microscopically, there are extensive neurofibrillary tangles and spindle-shaped and filiform neurites throughout the brain. Conclusions: American football players, boxers and military men are more likely to trigger CTE, due to the constant mechanical shocks from their heads. The most frequent clinical manifestations were: headache, aggression, dementia, executive dysfunction and suicide. CTE is definitely diagnosed only at autopsy.

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Kumpanon, Arpakorn y Robert Boehm. "Value Analysis of Building Energy Conservation Options". En ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65005.

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The purpose of this work was to determine the possible optimal cost effectiveness of various energy conservation options for new buildings in the local climate. The building energy analysis code Energy-10 was used for this purpose. Three types of savings have been evaluated: energy savings, operating cost savings, and Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) savings. To complete this study, a parametric analysis was performed on the influence on LCC savings due to variations of various individual components (including window characteristics, wall, floor, and roof constructions) and the whole-composite buildings. The initial part of the study focused on examining the impacts of individual components within the capabilities of Energy-10. For example, the impacts of a single window size, orientation, and construction were analyzed. While doing this, all of the other heat loss/heat gain paths were made negligible. Results of this aspect of the work were used to define a shorter list of components and building construction options to evaluate in the following composite-house studies. Then two general categories for the whole-composite buildings were evaluated to assist in analyzing the potential cost-effectiveness and benefits of buildings’ energy conservation options. In these studies, various energy cost escalation rates, economic life times, and replacement costs were considered. Building orientations relative the areal placement of fenestrations were also evaluated. Conclusions are given about combinations of construction elements that make the most economic sense for this rapidly growing population area. While Las Vegas climatic data are considered in this work, the conclusions are more generally applicable in the desert Southwest portion of the US.

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Smalley, Michael. "Fenestration obscuration techniques". En Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence, editado por Colin Lewis. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.731239.

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AMORIM NAVES DAVID, Cláudia, Veronica GARCIA-HANSEN, Niko GENTILE, Werner OSTERHAUS y Kieu PHAM, eds. Evaluating integrated lighting projects. IEA SHC Task 61, septiembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task61-2021-0006.

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The report targets industry professionals, building designers, lighting designers, building managers, researchers and/or owners wishing to evaluate projects where lighting is supplied by a combination of electrical lighting, daylighting systems (e.g., fenestrations) and assisted technologies (e.g., smart sensors). The framework in this report makes available methods and procedures related to the evaluation of integrated lighting performance in residential and non-residential buildings and its impact on users, and it summarises and categorize methods and procedures in an accessible and industry-oriented language.

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McCluney, R. Fenestration research grant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), julio de 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7078429.

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Treado, S. J., D. B. Holland, J. W. Bean y G. L. Gillette. Fenestration design for building atria. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.87-3594.

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Ciraulo, Rebecca, Valerie Nubbe, Sasha Wedekind, Chelsea Jean-Michel y Jared Stanley. Commercial Building Fenestration Market Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1886333.

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Huang, Y. J., R. Mitchell, D. Arasteh y S. Selkowitz. Residential fenestration performance analysis using RESFEN3.1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febrero de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/8692.

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Mike Manteghi, Sneh Kumar, Joshua Early y Bhaskar Adusumalli. High Performance Commercial Fenestration Framing Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), enero de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1040771.

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Jim Benney. Fenestration System Performance Research, Testing, and Evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), noviembre de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/986333.

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Shehabi, Arman, Charles Eley, Dariush Arasteh y Phil Degens. A characterization of the nonresidential fenestration market. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), julio de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861344.

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Treado, S. J. y D. B. Holland. Fenestration design for office and residential buildings. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.86-3489.

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Hanlon, Scott. Fenestration System Energy Performance Rating Development and Research. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octubre de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1372311.

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