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Uddin, ABMJ, M. Nooruzzaman, T. Akter, MAHNA Khan, and MM Hossain. "Abattoir study of genital diseases of female Black Bengal goats." Bangladesh Veterinarian 36, no. 1-2 (2019): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v36i1-2.55745.
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Pathological investigation of genital diseases in Black Bengal goats (Capra hircus) was done using slaughterhouse materials. A total of 256 female genitalia were collected from slaughterhouses of Kishoreganj district of Bangladesh during October 2016 to December 2018. The gross pathological changes were recorded and tissues from the affected organs were collected for histopathology. A total of 56 (21.9%) female genitalia showed one or more of the 84 different pathological changes. The prevalence of reproductive diseases increased with age: the highest number of lesions (34) was recorded in animals aged 19-24 months. The uterus showed the highest number of pathological lesions (44) followed by ovary (31), fallopian tube (5), cervix (2) and vagina (2). Major pathological changes were luteal cyst (7.4%), endometritis (6.3%) and pyometra (7.0%). The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2019) 36(1 - 2): 8-19
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Tivers, Mickey, and Stephen Baines. "Surgical diseases of the female genital tract 2. Vagina and external genitalia." In Practice 32, no. 8 (2010): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inp.c4571.
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P., Mamatha, Sheena Arora, and Abhijeet Vardhan. "Clinical and epidemiological study of non-venereal genital diseases in females." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 6, no. 3 (2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20201494.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Dermatoses which are not sexually transmitted are referred to as non-venereal dermatoses of external genitalia. Venereal and non-venereal dermatoses tend to be confused and it is associated with guilt feeling in affected patients. The aim of the study was to study the incidence of non-venereal lesions of the genitalia and to know the incidence of non-venereal lesions of the genitalia in association with dermatoses of other parts of the body.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a cross-sectional, clinical and observational study in 250 female patients attending dermatovenereology OPD of Vydehi Hospital, Bengaluru with non-venereal genital lesions for a period of 18 months. cases having venereal diseases were excluded from the study.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study included 250 female patients with non-venereal genital lesions. Twenty-five different types of non-venereal dermatoses were observed. Inflammatory disorders were most common accounting for 128 patients (51.2%). Among inflammatory disorders lichen simplex chronicus was seen most followed by lichen sclerosus. Candidiasis was found to be more common among infections and infestations. Vitiligo was the commonest pigmentary disorder seen in our study. Other cases noted include epidermal inclusion cyst, Bartholin cyst and fibroepithelial stromal polyp. Pre malignant conditions like Bowenoid papulosis and malignant lesions like squamous cell carcinoma are also seen.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study helps in understanding the importance of diagnosis of non-venereal dermatoses and to differentiate it from venereal causes.</p><p> </p>
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Gupta, Sanjeev, Usha Kataria, and Sunita Siwach. "Myiasis in female external genitalia." Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS 34, no. 2 (2013): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7184.120555.
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Kornovski, Yavor, Yonka Ivanova, Stoyan Kostov, Stanislav Slavchev, and Angel Yordanov. "GYNAECOLOGICAL ONCOLOGIC DISEASES AND PREGNANCY." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 8 (2021): 1984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202108135.
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We review the current research literature on treatment behaviour for neoplasms of the female genital tract during pregnancy. Guidelines for clinical management of cervical cancer, ovarian tumours, and vulvar cancer are presented both regarding gynaecological oncologic treatment and obstetrics. Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumour of the female genitalia during pregnancy due to the high incidence of this neoplasm in developing countries, including Bulgaria, on the one hand, and on the other, it affects women of reproductive age. Treatment algorithms depending on various factors – gestational age, stage of the disease, tumour lesion size, and presence of pelvic lymph node metastases, are presented. Ovarian tumours are classified into benign, borderline malignant, and malignant tumours. The latter, in turn, are divided into early and advanced stages, as well as epithelial and non-epithelial tumours, which can be detected at different stages of pregnancy.
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Amato, Ciro Maurizio, and Humphrey Hung-Chang Yao. "Developmental and sexual dimorphic atlas of the prenatal mouse external genitalia at the single-cell level." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 25 (2021): e2103856118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2103856118.
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Birth defects of the external genitalia are among the most common in the world. Proper formation of the external genitalia requires a highly orchestrated process that involves special cell populations and sexually dimorphic hormone signaling. It is clear what the end result of the sexually dimorphic development is (a penis in the male versus clitoris in the female); however, the cell populations involved in the process remain poorly defined. Here, we used single-cell messenger RNA sequencing in mouse embryos to uncover the dynamic changes in cell populations in the external genitalia during the critical morphogenetic window. We found that overall, male and female external genitalia are largely composed of the same core cellular components. At the bipotential stage of development (embryonic day or E14.5), few differences in cell populational composition exist between male and female. Although similar in cell population composition, genetic differences in key sexual differentiation developmental pathways arise between males and females by the early (E16.5) and late (E18.5) differentiation stages. These differences include discrete cell populations with distinct responsiveness to androgen and estrogen. By late sexual differentiation (E18.5), unique cell populations in both male and female genitalia become apparent and are enriched with androgen- and estrogen-responsive genes, respectively. These data provide insights into the morphogenesis of the external genitalia that could be used to understand diseases associated with defects in the external genitalia.
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Patil C, Sridevi, Sharanbasava V, and P. S. Suman Babu. "A clinico-epidemiological study of non venereal dermatoses involving male and female genitalia." IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 7, no. 3 (2021): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijced.2021.045.
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Non venereal genital lesions may be confused with venereal diseases. This may be responsible for considerable concern to patients and may cause diagnostic dilemma to the physicians. This study was conducted to find out the hospital based prevalence and clinical profile of Non venereal dermatoses involving male and female Genitalia with or without associated lesions elsewhere.It was a descriptive study which included a series of 120 patients presenting to Dermatology department from Jan 2015 to July 2016 with non-venereal genital lesions.Among 120 patients, there were 109 males and 11 females (M:F 9.9:1). The prevalence of non-venereal genital lesion was 21.76 per 10,000 patients. The age ranged from 2 months to 65 years with the mean age of 32.94 years and majority in the age group of 21-30 years(25%). The most common disorder was fixed drug eruptions ,37 (30.83%) followed by vitiligo, 29 (24.16%) and psoriasis, 13 (10.83%). This study highlights the importance of diagnosing common non venereal genital dermatoses. It also helps in avoiding the general misconception that all genital lesions are sexually transmitted.
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Koreyba, L. V., V. V. Hlebeniuk, and V. M. Plys. "Infections of reproductive organs in female rabbits." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 26, no. 114 (2024): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11411.
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Symptomatic infertility is a temporary or permanent disturbance in reproductive function wherein the animal cannot become pregnant due to diseases of genital organs or systemic diseases. Since female rabbits, due to their precociousness and fertility, are often used for reproduction, the leading causes of symptomatic infertility in them are the absence of estrous cycles or their deficiency and inflammation of tissues of the reproductive system. Infertility is observed in female rabbits developing such infectious diseases as pasteurellosis, spirochetosis, and myxomatosis. It is due to these diseases that obstetric and gynecological pathology (vulvitis, vulvovaginitis, metritis, pyometra, mastitis), long-term infertility, and death of animals are recorded most often. External genitalia (vulva) and mammary glands are the main routes of infection in female rabbits. The most common microorganisms causing inflammatory processes in reproductive organs are non-specific, such as Staphylococcus and Pasteurella, and specific microbes, such as toxoplasma. Spirochetes, Listeria, and Salmonella are much less common. It has been found that on farms of different forms of ownership in the Dnipropetrovsk region, the most common infectious diseases in rabbits are myxomatosis (20 %), viral hemorrhagic disease (13 %), eimeriosis (30 %), pasarulosis (10 %), and spirochetosis (10 %). Inflammation of genital tissues, especially inflammatory processes in the uterus, is the most common disease in female rabbits. The general frequency of uterine diseases increases with age, reaching more than 50% in aged female rabbits. Endometritis was the most frequent inflammatory process diagnosed in 10 % of cases and was potentially purulent, catarrhal, lymphoplasmacytic, or enterohemorrhagic. Metritis was observed in 5 % of cases and pyometra in 3 %. Autopsy of forcibly slaughtered or dead animals revealed such uterine diseases as hydrometer and mucometer. Hydrometers and mucometers comprised 8 % of uterine diseases, and the average age of sick female rabbits was 3 years. The etiology remains unclear but is potentially related to endometrial hyperplasia or endometritis. However, in some cases, no underlying uterine disease was found. During acute infection of the organs of the reproductive system of female rabbits, a serous mucocatarrhal or mucopurulent exudate is released from the genital slit. Chronic inflammatory processes of the genital organs often occur without signs of disease or are manifested by decreased fertility or abortion.
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Wang, Shanshan, John Lawless, and Zhengui Zheng. "Prenatal low-dose methyltestosterone, but not dihydrotestosterone, treatment induces penile formation in female mice and guinea pigs†." Biology of Reproduction 102, no. 6 (2020): 1248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioaa035.
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Abstract Genital tubercle has bisexual potential before sex differentiation. Females exposed to androgen during sex differentiation show masculinized external genitalia, but the effects of different androgens on tubular urethral and penile formation in females are mostly unknown. In this study, we compared the masculinization effects of commonly used androgens methyltestosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and testosterone on the induction of penile formation in females. Our results suggested that prenatal treatment with low doses of methyltestosterone, but not same doses of dihydrotestosterone or testosterone, could induce penile formation in female mice. The minimum dose of dihydrotestosterone and testosterone for inducing tubular urethral formation in female mice was, respectively, 50 and 20 times higher than that of methyltestosterone. In vivo methyltestosterone treatment induced more nuclear translocation of androgen receptors in genital tubercles of female mice, affected Wnt signaling gene expressions, and then led to similar patterns of cell proliferation and death in developing genital tubercles to those of control males. We further revealed that low-dose methyltestosterone, but not same dose of dihydrotestosterone or testosterone, treatment induced penile formation in female guinea pigs. Exposure of female mouse genital tubercle organ culture to methyltestosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or testosterone could induce nuclear translocation of androgen receptors, suggesting that the differential effect of the three androgens in vivo might be due to the hormonal profile in mother or fetus, rather than the local genital tissue. To understand the differential role of these androgens in masculinization process involved is fundamental to androgen replacement therapy for diseases related to external genital masculinization.
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Cardozo de Almeida, Margareth Alves Ribeiro, Simone Patrícia Carneiro Freitas, Maria Luiza Ribeiro de Oliveira, Nathanielly Rocha Casado de Lima, Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel, and Jacenir Reis Santos-Mallet. "Characterization of the Buccula, Rostrum, Stridulatory Sulcus, Scutellum, and External Female Genitalia of Triatoma carcavalloi (Jurberg, Rocha & Lent, 1998), Triatoma circummaculata (Stål, 1859), and Triatoma rubrovaria (Blanchard, 1843) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)." Journal of Parasitology Research 2019 (July 22, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3517098.
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In Brazil, Triatoma rubrovaria (Blanchard, 1843) is the most important species in epidemiological terms in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, due to its wide geographical distribution in this state, followed by T. carcavalloi (Jurberg, Rocha & Lent, 1998) and T. circummaculata (Stål, 1859). Structural analysis of the ventral region of the head (rostrum and buccula), thorax (stridulatorium sulcus and scutellum), and external female genitalia of adults of T. rubrovaria, T. carcavalloi, and T. circummaculata is described here. Scutellum, head, rostrum, and part of the thorax (prosternum) containing the stridulatory sulcus, in both male and female, and the sixth abdominal segment of the female, containing the external genitalia, were processed for scanning electron microscopy studies as routine. Morphological differences in the analyzed structures for all the three Triatoma species studied were detected under scanning electron microscopy. This study confirms the grouping of the T. rubrovaria, T. carcavalloi, and T. circummaculata in ‘T. rubrovaria subcomplex’ by their morphological similarities.
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Manoj, Kela, Mukherjee Soma, Lunawat Ajay, Agrawal Ashish, Shishodiya Rakesh, and R. V. Paliwal. "Tubercular Sinus of Labia Majora: Rare Case Report." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2008 (2008): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/817515.
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Tuberculosis of the female external genitalia is unusual and primary infection is rare. We report a 50-year-old female patient admitted to Department to Surgery with swelling over left inguinal area with discharging sinus from labia majora to left inguinal crease which was found to be tubercular sinus on histopathology.
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Chandra-D'Mello, R., and G. Grechkanev. "P520 General magnet therapy in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of female internal genitalia." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107 (October 2009): S561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(09)62010-5.
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K, Geetha. "Impact of non-venereal genital dermatoses among female patients on the quality of life in a tertiary care center." IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 9, no. 3 (2023): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijced.2023.024.
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Nonvenereal dermatoses of female external genitalia are genital diseases that are not transferred sexually and have a variety of etiologies. A prospective, observational study of adult female patients with nonvenereal dermatoses was conducted. A complete history and dermatological examination were performed, with skin biopsy in a few cases to aid in diagnosis. The data was collected and analyzed. During the course of this study, 82 cases of nonvenereal genital dermatoses were encountered. This study found that the most common age group was 20 to 45 years old [56%]. The most common presenting complaint was itching. In 42% of instances, fungal infections such as tinea cruris, vulval candidiasis, and scabies were identified. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, lichen simplex chronicus, contact dermatitis, vitiligo, psoriasis, seborrheic keratosis, and pemphigus vulgaris are among the other dermatoses identified. The Finlay dermatological life quality index (DLQI) questionnaire was used to assess the influence on patients' quality of life. Inflammatory illnesses such as lichen simplex chronicus lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, pemphigus vulgaris, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and vitiligo reduced their quality of life moderately to severely.
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Foster, Robert A. "Disorders of sexual development in the cat: Current state of knowledge and diagnostic approach." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 24, no. 3 (2022): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x221079711.
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Practical relevance: Any congenital or developmental abnormality of any part of the male or female reproductive tract is a ‘disorder of sexual development’ (DSD). The tricolored male cat phenotype, cryptorchidism, gonadal hypoplasia and incidental abnormalities such as cystic remnants or embryonic ducts are well-known feline DSDs. Clinical challenges: Full characterization of DSDs requires sex chromosome determination and identification of genes related to development of the gonads, internal tubular genitalia and external genitalia. Fortunately, affected cats are seen sporadically and the clinical effects are usually minimal. Classification: The classification nomenclature has changed. In place of intersex, hermaphrodite, pseudohermaphrodite and sex reversal, the newer standard classification, based on sex chromosomes, designates sex chromosome DSD when there is an abnormality in the sex chromosomes, and XX (female) and XY (male) DSDs where there is not. Identification of the gonadal type (testes, ovaries, ovotestes or gonadal dysgenesis) and documentation of the internal and external genital components completes the classification. Evidence base: The original basis of the DSD classification was a consensus reached in humans. It was quickly accepted in veterinary pathology, courtesy of its logic and ease of application, and it has subsequently begun to appear in peer-reviewed papers and clinical reviews. This article reviewing the various disorders in cats is based on application of the classification and draws on the feline peer-reviewed literature encompassing chromosome analysis and definition of reproductive abnormalities, syndromes and diseases.
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Osman, A. M., and M. Abou Gabal. "Mycotic Findings in Female Genitalia of Certain Egyptian Ruminants Affected with Various Reproductive Disorders." Mycoses 21, no. 2 (2009): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1978.tb01611.x.
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Kaur, Manmeet, Renuka Malik, Kamna Datta, and Kaveri Khera. "A rare case report of large bilateral vulval elephantiasis." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 6 (2020): 2642. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202367.
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Elephantiasis, the result of chronic lymphedema, is characterized by gross enlargement of the limbs or genitalia. It occurs because of obstructive diseases of the lymphatic system. Genital elephantiasis is a common result of filariasis. Other causes are lymphogranuloma venereum. granuloma inguinale, carcinomas, lymph node dissection, irradiation and tuberculosis. Filarial elephantiasis of the female genitalia is extremely uncommon, about 1-2% of the total cases of filarial elephantiasis. Mrs. X, 25 years old female, P1L1, resident of a village in Bihar presented to gynaecology OPD of ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital on 06th January 2020 with complaint of huge progressively increasing vulval swelling since 3 years. Patient had come from Bihar for treatment. She had been showing in her native place for 2 years but now the lump had made her walking difficult. She did not give history of any drug given for treatment for filariasis. She gave history of being treated for pulmonary Koch 10 years back. On examination, there was a non- ulcerative, polypoidal growth of around 20×14×11 cm arising from bilateral labia majora and minora obstructing the vulval cleft. There was no associated lymphadenopathy or limb oedema. All the investigations were within normal limits. Microfilaria antigen testing done at night was negative. Patient was given diethylcarbamazine and excision of the lump was done on 14th February 2020. Histopathological report showed dilated lymphatics with non-caseating granulomas, consistent with filariasis. In endemic countries like India, filariasis is the commonest cause of elephantiasis; however genital filariasis in woman is very rare. Other cause could be tuberculosis which is still rarer. Early diagnosis and treatment of filariasis can eradicate this neglected tropical disease which causes disfigurement and severe morbidity as its sequelae.
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Joshi, Smita, Shristi Shrestha, and Anshumala Joshi. "Clinico-epidemiological Profile of Women with Non-venereal Vulval Diseases: A Hospital-based Observational Study." Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology 17, no. 1 (2019): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v17i1.23250.
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Intorduction: Vulval disorders can be of venereal and non-venereal etiology. Establishing non-venereal causation of vulval disorder helps in alleviating fears in patients with the condition. These patients are better dealt in a multidisciplinary clinic as patients with these disorders frequently visit dermatologists and gynecologists for the treatment.
 Objectives: To study the clinico-demographic profile of women with non-venereal vulval disorders and to determine their relative frequency.
 Materials and Methods: This is an observational, descriptive study done at the Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. All consenting female patients with problems pertaining to female external genitalia were recruited for the study after excluding venereal diseases. Details of the patients were obtained and entered in a predesigned proforma.
 Results: Seventy-five females were recruited during a period of 20 months with a mean age of 34.79±17.90 years. Majority were married, uneducated and homemakers. Duration of disease ranged from 3 days to 35 years. Itching was the commonest presenting complaint (82.67%) followed by redness (32.00%), burning sensation (26.67%), white lesions (24.00%) and pain (24.00%). Commonest diagnosis was lichen sclerosus (17.33%), followed by candidiasis (14.67%). Patients presenting with vulval symptoms without lesions were diagnosed with non-specific vulval pruritus (9.33%) and vulvodynia (2.67%).
 Conclusion: Itching is the most common presenting complaint and contrary to the popular belief, inflammatory disorders especially lichen sclerosus, rather than infections were common diagnoses in females with non-venereal vulval disorders.
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Belintani, Tiago, Vinicius Fernandes de Paiva, Jader de Oliveira, and João Aristeu da Rosa. "New in morphometry: Geometric morphometry of the external female genitalia of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)." Acta Tropica 229 (May 2022): 106383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106383.
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New, Maria I. "Nonclassical 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91, no. 11 (2006): 4205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-1645.
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Abstract Context: Nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) owing to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NC21OHD) is the most frequent of all autosomal recessive genetic diseases, occurring in one in 100 persons in the heterogeneous New York City population. NC21OHD occurs with increased frequency in certain ethnic groups, such as Ashkenazi Jews, in whom one in 27 express the disease. NC21OHD is underdiagnosed in both male and female patients with hyperandrogenic symptoms because hormonal abnormalities in NC21OHD are only mild to moderate, not severe as in the classical form of CAH. Unlike classical CAH, NC21OHD is not associated with ambiguous genitalia of the newborn female. Main Outcome Measures: The hyperandrogenic symptoms include advanced bone age, early pubic hair, precocious puberty, tall stature, and early arrest of growth in children; infertility, cystic acne, and short stature in both adult males and females; hirsutism, frontal balding, polycystic ovaries, and irregular menstrual periods in females; and testicular adrenal rest tissue in males. Conclusions: The signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism are reversed with dexamethasone treatment.
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da Rosa, João, Vagner Mendonça, Sueli Gardim, et al. "Study of the external female genitalia of 14 Rhodnius species (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) using scanning electron microscopy." Parasites & Vectors 7, no. 1 (2014): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-17.
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Nikishov, N., R. Chandra-D'Mello, and G. Grechkanev. "P521 General magnet therapy as a treatment method in inflammatory diseases of the lower sections of female genitalia." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107 (October 2009): S561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(09)62011-7.
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Bollo, Jesús, Andrea Balla, Carlos Rodriguez Luppi, Carmen Martinez, Silvia Quaresima, and Eduard M. Targarona. "HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma in a neovagina after male-to-female gender confirmation surgery." International Journal of STD & AIDS 29, no. 3 (2017): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462417728856.
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Vaginoplasty by penile and scrotal skin inversion is a well-established technique for male-to-female gender confirmation surgery. In this setting, chronic inflammation and lacerations associated with history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may induce a high risk of malignant degeneration in the long term. A 78-year-old transgender woman was admitted with genital discomfort and neovaginal discharge. The patient’s history revealed male-to-female gender confirmation surgery with construction of a neovagina by penile and scrotal skin inversion at 33 years of age. Physical examination of the genitalia revealed presence of fecal material, suggestive of recto-neovaginal fistula. A biopsy specimen was positive for well-differentiated HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a bulky mass in the posterior wall of the neovagina that infiltrated the urethra, prostatic gland and the anterior rectal wall. Following a multidisciplinary evaluation, we performed a definitive sigmoid colostomy and administered chemotherapy. Long-term follow-up seems advisable in patients after vaginoplasty due to the possibility of delayed development of cancer. Following biopsy, we consider MRI as the modality of choice to identify possible infiltration of the adjacent structures. As data regarding these lesions are scarce and management is complex, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended.
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Kayuni, S. A., P. L. A. M. Corstjens, E. J. LaCourse, et al. "How can schistosome circulating antigen assays be best applied for diagnosing male genital schistosomiasis (MGS): an appraisal using exemplar MGS cases from a longitudinal cohort study among fishermen on the south shoreline of Lake Malawi." Parasitology 146, no. 14 (2019): 1785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182019000969.
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AbstractWe provide an update on diagnostic methods for the detection of urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) in men and highlight that satisfactory urine-antigen diagnostics for UGS lag much behind that for intestinal schistosomiasis, where application of a urine-based point-of-care strip assay, the circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) test, is now advocated. Making specific reference to male genital schistosomiasis (MGS), we place greater emphasis on parasitological detection methods and clinical assessment of internal genitalia with ultrasonography. Unlike the advances made in defining a clinical standard protocol for female genital schistosomiasis, MGS remains inadequately defined. Whilst urine filtration with microscopic examination for ova of Schistosoma haematobium is a convenient but error-prone proxy of MGS, we describe a novel low-cost sampling and direct visualization method for the enumeration of ova in semen. Using exemplar clinical cases of MGS from our longitudinal cohort study among fishermen along the shoreline of Lake Malawi, the portfolio of diagnostic needs is appraised including: the use of symptomatology questionnaires, urine analysis (egg count and CCA measurement), semen analysis (egg count, circulating anodic antigen measurement and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis) alongside clinical assessment with portable ultrasonography.
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Paudel, Vikash, Deepa Chudal, Upama Paudel, and Dwarika Prasad Shrestha. "A clinical and epidemiological study of non-venereal genital dermatoses: A cross-sectional, hospital-based study from Nepal." Our Dermatology Online 13, no. 1 (2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20221.3.
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Background: Non-venereal genital dermatoses are the conditions of the genitalia that are not transmitted sexually. They may be confused with venereal diseases and be responsible for concerns among patients as well as diagnostic dilemmas for physicians. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and describe the patterns of non-venereal genital conditions. Methods: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional, prospective study conducted in a tertiary center in Kathmandu, Nepal, over a period of one year. Non-probability purposive sampling was employed to select the samples. Two hundred patients were enrolled in the study. Ethical approval was taken prior to the study. Detailed history taking along with a complete cutaneous examination were conducted for all patients and recorded in a preformed proforma. Results: Among 21366 patients, two hundred patients had non-venereal genital dermatoses. The prevalence of non-venereal dermatoses was 0.93 %. The mean age of the patient was 29.5 ± 15 years, ranging from 2 months to 81 years. The male-to-female ratio was 2.7:1. Itching was the most common presentation (46%). Fifty-four different types of non-venereal diseases were encountered and classified into inflammatory lesions (n = 84; 42%), infections and infestations (n = 43; 21.5%), normal variants and benign abnormalities (n = 41; 20.5%), and miscellaneous (n = 21; 10.5%). The most common were, among inflammatory dermatoses, drug reactions (11.5%) and eczema (6.5%) and, among infections and infestations, scabies (9.5%) and fungal infections (7.5%). Conclusion: Non-venereal genital dermatoses are important yet less common dermatological conditions. A number of patients have misconceptions about them as venereal. A comprehensive study of non-venereal dermatological genital conditions is required for careful management to minimize morbidity.
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Pokul, L. V., I. D. Yevtushenko, and T. V. Ivanova. "Postovariectomic syndrome is the predictor of osteoporosis development." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 8, no. 4 (2009): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2009-4-152-156.
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In this article clinical indexes of the dynamics of mineral bone density according to both densitometry and marker of resorption as well as bone formation and steroid blood hormons in patients in postovariectomy are analysed. These patients state was complicated by cancer of the corpus and colli uterus after etiopathogenetic treatment including total husterectomy, radiation therapy and polychemotherapy. According the results of the comparative analysis in patients with postvariectomic syndrome developed after surgical treatment for benign internal genitalia diseases we may make the conclusion on pathogenetic role of postovariectomic syndrome in the development of bone disturbances in female patients which underwent total hysterectomy and special therapy.
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Oliveira-Correia, João Paulo Sales, Hélcio Reinaldo Gil-Santana, Jacenir Reis dos Santos-Mallet, and Cleber Galvão. "Characterization of External Female Genitalia in Five Triatoma Laporte Species of South America (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 5 (2023): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8050240.
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Currently, there are 158 valid species of triatomines, all of which are potential vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. The correct taxonomic identification of triatomines is essential since each species hos a different epidemiological importance. The aim of the study is to compare five species of South American Triatoma. Here we present a comparative study of terminal abdominal segments in females by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the species Triatoma delpontei, T. jurbergi, T. infestans var. melanosoma, T. platensis, and T. vandae. The results showed diagnostic characters for the studied species. The dorsal view featured more valuable characters, with seven informative characters. Similarities were observed among T. delpontei, T. infestans var. melanosoma, and T. platensis, and between T. jurbergi and T. vandae, correlating with previous studies. Thus, female genital characters proved to be reliable and useful in the diagnosis of the Triatoma species studied here; additional studies, along with other sets of behavioral, morphological, and molecular data, helped to reinforce the hypotheses found here.
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Vu, Nam Sinh, Son Hai Tran, Phong Vu Tran, et al. "Diversity and Ecology of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae), Potential Vectors of Leishmania in the Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 1 (2019): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz129.
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Abstract The study aims to make an update on the distribution and ecology of sand flies in the Quang Ninh province, Northern Vietnam, where Leishmania cases were reported in 2001. Seventeen sites were chosen in three districts of the province: Ha Long, Cam Pha, and Hoanh Bo. Phlebotomine sand flies were collected using 68 CDC light traps from May 30 to 3 June 2016. Captured specimens were transferred individually into Eppendorf tubes with 90% ethanol. The sand fly heads and genitalia were removed and were mounted in Euparal after successive different baths. Specimen identification was determined based on the morphology of the cibarium, pharynx, and/or male genitalia or female spermathecae. A total of 416 sand flies (125 females, 283 males) belonging to four genera were collected and 10 sand fly species were identified: Sergentomyia silvatica, Se. barraudi, Se. hivernus, Se. bailyi, Phlebotomus mascomai, Ph. stantoni, Ph. yunshengensis, Ph. betisi, Chinius junlianensis, Idiophlebotomus longiforceps. The Sergentomyia genus prevailed (79.7% of the collected sand flies), followed by the Phlebotomus genus (13.7%), the Chinius genus (6.1%), and the Idiophlebotomus genus (0.8%). Besides these well-defined taxa, five specimens, named sp1, showed unknown morphological characteristics, requiring further study. The majority of sand flies were collected in rock caves suggesting the cavernicolous character of the species in the Quang Ninh province. However, specimens were also collected in intra and peridomiciliary sites in which Ph. stantoni and Se. hivernus were found as the main species. It is worth noting that two Ph. stantoni were found in the house of a patient affected by Leishmania.
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Stanimirovic, Branko, Dusan Stanojevic, Mladenko Vasiljevic, Snezana Rakic, and Ana Mitrovic. "The effect of anogenital warts on life quality of affected patients." Medical review 62, no. 3-4 (2009): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0904177s.
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Introduction. Anogenital warts represent a clinical manifestation of the infection of the lower female genital tract, human papilloma viruses types 6 and 11. They belong to the group of sexually transmitted diseases and then may be localized either on the female or male genitalia. The aim of the study was to show the effect of anogenital warts on life quality of the affected patients. Material and methods. The study was conducted on 200 female patients using the standardized questionnaire filled in by patients under the researcher's supervision immediately before laser wart removal. Each question out of 15 could be answered by one of the suggested answers: always, almost always, sometimes, rarely and never. The answer 'always' was worth one point, 'almost always' two points, 'sometimes' three points, 'rarely' four points and never 'five' points. Life quality was categorized as bad, tolerable, good, very good and excellent. The lower number of points in the questionnaire indicated the worse life quality and the higher number of points demonstrated a better life quality. Results. The study results showed that the highest number of subjects was in the third and fourth decade of life. The presence of anogenital warts had an effect on life quality in most patients. 5% of subjects assessed their life quality as bad, 16% as tolerable, 45% as good and 23% as very good. Only in 11% of patients the presence of anogenital warts did not have any effect on life quality (c2 = 121.680, p< 0.001). Conclusion. The presence of anogenital warts has a significant effect on life quality of affected patients, indicating the significance of their early detection and treatment.
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Erdős, Csaba, Oguz Kelemen, Dávid Pócs, et al. "Female Sexual Dysfunction in Association with Sexual History, Sexual Abuse and Satisfaction: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hungary." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 3 (2023): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031112.
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Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has a negative impact on women’s quality of life, self-esteem, and physical health. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence and the factors associated with FSD using an online questionnaire. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among young adults (18−35 years old) in Hungary using the DSM-5 criteria. The participants (n = 5942) were divided into three major groups: FSD (20.3%), an intermediate group (43.9%), and a control group (35.6%). Most of the women showing FSD were affected with female orgasmic disorder (9.2%) and genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (4.6%), while female sexual interest/arousal disorder was found in altogether 100 women (1.7%); 4.8% of women were affected by more than one definite disorder. The occurrence of female sexual dysfunction was related to the women’s previous sexual history (first sexual experience, sexual education, early encounter with pornographic content, and sexual abuse), their self-satisfaction (with their own body, genitalia, and sexual attraction), and their sexual orientation. Sexual dysfunction showed a strong association with abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, and self-esteem. The present study identified the relationship between sexual dysfunctions and other health conditions, which can be the basis for some form of screening and early assistance programs for FSD.
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Długosz, Justyna, Natasza Millan, and Łukasz Sędek. "The influence of intimate hygiene on vaginal microbiota and health." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 78, no. 1 (2024): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2024-0003.
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Abstract There is a direct correlation between the vaginal microbiome and the health of a woman’s reproductive system. The microbiome is mainly composed of lactic acid rods – Lactobacillus, the metabolism of which ensures an acidic pH, playing a protective role for vaginal homeostasis. One of the typical disorders of homeostasis is bacterial vaginosis, defined as predominance of group IV CST system bacteria (comprising different genera characterized by anaerobic metabolism), which is an essential problem of the female population all over the world. The maintenance of this homeostasis can be restored by medicinal preparations. In addition to well-known antibiotics aimed at inhibiting the development of bacterial pathogens, probiotics and products that promote the development of beneficial microbiota are increasingly used. It seems more relevant not to cure, but to prevent imbalance of homeostasis. For this purpose, women use different washing and care techniques of external genitalia. Women’s everyday practices also include the use of washing preparations from the group of cosmetics; however, little is known about their impact on the microbiota. These products potentially constitute an element of early prevention, which is highly beneficial for female health. The main controversial type of ingredients are cleaning surfactants, which can lead to disruption of the epidermal barrier and to breakthrough of pathogens.
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Chernukha, L. S. "Hypoandrogenism and reproductive function — a problem-oriented approach to pregnancy planning. Literature review." Clinical Endocrinology and Endocrine Surgery, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/cees-2023-3-51.
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The author considers pre‑pregnancy care program in women with endocrine imbalances as a complex problem that requires involvement of a multidisciplinary team of doctors in the examination process, including endocrinologists, therapists, gastroenterologists, and if needed, immunologists, nutritionists and hematologists. This approach is stipulated by the frequency of accompanying somatic pathology and the burdened obstetric and gynecological history of such women, in particular, menstrual cycle disorders, infertility, miscarriage, spontaneous abortions, a high percentage of hyperplastic diseases and inflammatory processes of the female genitalia. Disorders of hormonal homeostasis in women with endocrinopathies result in the pro‑inflammatory orientation of their immunity, oxidative stress, which disrupts both the folliculogenesis process and leads to metabolic and morphological changes in the receptor organs of both the female genitalia and other organs of the endocrine system (thyroid gland, adrenal glands), forming a vicious cycle of pathological processes in the endocrine balance of female steroids, which, in turn, is accompanied by disturbances in the homeostasis system of the entire organism. Based on the literature data, the authors made conclusions about the stages of examination of women with hypoandrogenism in the pre‑gravid stage. Speaking about natural pregnancy, the first stage, according to the authors, is to determine the main location of the pathology — the central mechanism (disruption of the hypothalamic‑pituitary‑ovarian‑thyroid‑adrenal chain), genetic enzymatic polymorphisms, deficiency/insufficiency of vitamin D and their elimination. At the second stage, there is a need to determine the state of organs — receptors (endometrium, endocervical glands, vaginal epithelium), the state of detoxification organs and their correction. The third stage is to ensure conditions for full‑fledged ovulation and transport of gametes. The fourth stage is early pregnancy support, prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of vaginal infections. The pregnant woman is monitored together with a specialist in the detected comorbid pathology (geneticist, hematologist, gastroenterologist, therapist, endocrinologist, psychotherapist, etc.). Further research is needed to develop a clear algorithm for pre‑pregnancy care program in women with hypoandrogenism depending on reproductive age, obstetrical and gynecological history, methods of overcoming infertility.
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Chandra-D'Mello, R., G. Grechkanev, N. Nikishov, and G. Fataliyeva. "O163 Combined ozone & bacteriophage therapy as a component of a multi-pronged treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of the female internal genitalia." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107 (October 2009): S139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(09)60535-x.
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R. I. O., Nwoha, Onyegbula O., and Daniel G. I. "Treatment and Regression of Transmissible Venearal Tumour in Dogs." Sumerianz Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary, no. 43 (September 16, 2021): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjav.43.92.96.
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Antimicrobial resistance threatens the effective treatment of vast range of bacterial, fungi and viral diseases. Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) is one of the highly contagious tumour in dogs commonly affecting sexually active stud and bitches. The disease was observed in a male and female Alsatian of about 3 years of age. Both dogs were sexually active and are utilized for breeding purposes. Samples were collected from the TVT growth on both the female and male genitalia. The samples were subjected to cytology and confirmatory diagnosis was made on the gross appearance of cauliformlike lesion and appearance of roundish cells with multiple vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the TVT tumour cells. Treatment was achieved by 3 doses of Vincristin sulphate injection USP1mg/ml Vinlon TM 1 intravenously through a cannula. There was no report of recrudesce of growth post treatment. Conclusion: TVT appear to exhibit genetic preference for sexually active Alsatian breed of dogs within the age bracket of 3 years and above. Despite the confronting challenge of drug resistance in medicine, intravenous administration of vincristine sulphate has remained efficacious in achieving complete regression of TVT the growth in dogs.
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Paudel, Sushil, Niraj Parajuli, Sudip Dahal, and Sudarshan Paudel. "Sexually Transmitted Infections in A Tertiary Hospital of Kathmandu: A Retrospective Study." Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology 19, no. 2 (2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v19i2.37686.
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Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are the diseases that are transmitted by sexual contact if a partner is infected with agent known to cause infection of genitalia. This group of diseases pose a huge public health problem. This study aims to provide an insight on the prevalence of STIs in a tertiary care center dedicated to civil servants.
 Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. All patients diagnosed with STI in a dermatology out-patient of Civil Service Hospital, a tertiary care hospital situated in Kathmandu over a period of two years from January 1 2018 to December 30 2019 were included in the study. The diagnosis was made by clinical and laboratory investigations.
 Results: The total number 157 cases of STIs were enrolled in this study, of which 119 (75.8%) were males and 38(24.2%) were females. The mean age of patients was 27.8±8.8 years, ranging from 15 to 60 years. Seventy three (46.5%) patients were married, while 81 (51.6%) patients were unmarried. Unmarried males were significantly more vulnerable to acquire STIs (p=0.005). Males were having significantly more premarital or extramarital sexual exposures as compared to females (p<0.001). The most common presentation was condyloma acuminata in 84(53.5%) patients. Consistent use of condom was reported only in 3 (2.5%) males and 1 (2.6%) females in this study. No association was noted between the education level attained to the practice of safe sexual methods (p=0.535).
 Conclusion: The proportion of males was higher than females in our study which might be due to the reluctances of female to see doctor for sexual problems. The level of education did not seem to make people aware of practicing safe sex. Sexual education seems must in all level of education.
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Dobrokhotova, Ju E., A. E. Markarov, M. A. Ponimanskaya, et al. "Multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of hyperplastic diseases of the uterus." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 5 (May 11, 2024): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-186.
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Introduction. Uterine fibroids are ranked second and endometriosis is ranked third in the gynaecological pathology pattern. Uterine fibroids and endometriosis are among the most common diseases of the female genitalia and occur in every 4–5 gynaecological patients.Aim. To improve a multidisciplinary approach to the choice of surgical organ-preserving treatment strategies in hyperplastic diseases of the uterus using occlusion techniques.Materials and methods. A cohort prospective comparative study examined a multidisciplinary approach to the choice of surgical organ-preserving treatment strategies in uterine hyperplastic hysteropathies using occlusion techniques.Results. The study showed that uterine artery embolization is indicated if FIGO 2–5 fibroids’ size is > 4 cm in patients who are not planning pregnancy. The laparoscopic myomectomy with temporary uterine artery occlusion is provided if FIGO 2–6 fibroids’ size is from 6.0 to 8.0 cm, the laparoscopic myomectomy with temporary balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries is the procedure of choice if fibroids’ size is from 8.0 to 12.0 cm and they are located in the cervical-isthmus region and in areas of vascular bundles, and vaginal myomectomy with temporary balloon occlusion of the common iliac arteries is performed if FIGO 8 fibroids’ size is > 4 cm and they are located in the cervix. If adenomyosis nodes’ size is from 4.0 to 6.0 cm, they are removed using laparoscopic access with temporary occlusion of the uterine arteries; if adenomyosis nodes’ size is ≥ 6.0 cm, they are removed using laparoscopic access with temporary balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries.Conclusion. The multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of hyperplastic diseases of the uterus is regarded as optimal.
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Jafari, Samin, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, Kamran Akbarzadeh, Mohammad Reza Abai, Mona Koosha, and Fatemeh Mohtarami. "Identification of Forensically Important Flesh Flies Using the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunits I and II Genes." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 5 (2019): 1253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz063.
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AbstractForensically important flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) often are not morphologically distinguishable, especially at the immature stage. In addition, female flies are quite similar in general morphology, making accurate identifications difficult. DNA-based technologies, particularly mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), have been used for species-level identification. The cytochrome oxidase subunits I and II (COI-COII) sequences of Iranian Sarcophagidae are still unavailable in GenBank. In this study as many as 648 (540 males and 106 females) fly specimens from family Sarcophagidae, representing 10 sarcophagid species, including eight forensically important species were collected from seven locations in five Iranian provinces. Of these, 150 male specimens were identified based on both morphology of male genitalia and DNA sequencing analysis. Sequence data from the COI-COII regions for 10 flesh fly species collected in Iran were generated for the first time. Digestion of COI-COII region by restriction enzymes RsaI, EcoRV, and HinfI provided distinct restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles among the species and can serve as molecular markers for species determination. Phylogenetic analysis represented that the COI-COII sequences are helpful for delimitation of sarcophagid species and implementation in forensic entomology. However, the application of the COI-COII fragment as a species identifier requires great caution and additional species and markers should be studied to ensure accurate species identification in the future.
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Siboro, Ayulina, Fikarwin Zuska, Bengkel Ginting, Rizabuana Ismail, and Henry Sitorus. "Patterns of Reproductive Health and Sexuality Learning among Private High School Students at Yayasan Perguruan Mayjend Sutoyo in Medan." PERSPEKTIF 13, no. 1 (2024): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/perspektif.v13i1.10980.
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The surge in premarital sexual incidents among teenagers leading to early marriages, prompted by unintended pregnancies, pervasive dating behavior beyond ethical boundaries, exposure to explicit content, and the prevalence of sexual diseases, underscores the critical need for comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education. This study explores the patterns and strategies employed in imparting sexual education and managing reproductive health among students at Yayasan Perguruan Mayjend Sutoyo High School, Sisingamangaraja Street, Medan. Employing qualitative methods, data was gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with students, Biology teachers, the School Principal, parents, and other stakeholders. The findings reveal that sexual education primarily stems from Biology teachers, who employ tactful language to teach human anatomy, reproductive organs, and sexual functions, adhering to contextual norms. Reproductive health education addresses the dynamics and consequences of casual sexual relationships, utilizing age-appropriate teaching materials. Teenagers seek diverse knowledge from parents, school descriptions, and online resources to navigate sexual and reproductive health challenges. However, the discreet provision of sexual education is influenced by traditional cultural values, fostering silence and shame, particularly in discussing male and female genitalia.
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Omran, Ahmed M., Sherif H. Youssif, Ibrahim Fouda, Khaled Maher Muhammad Elagamy, Mahmoud abdelhamid Elhendawy, and Saber M. Abdelmaksoud. "Epidermal Verrucal Lesion with Velvety-Like Granular Surface at Female External Genitalia and Medial Aspect of the Thigh Compatible with Previous History of Longstanding Psoriasis : A Case Report." Scientific Journal of Medical Scholar, no. 4 (July 15, 2020): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55675/sjms.v2020i4.83.
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Psoriasiform dermatoses are a wide spectrum of inflammatory diseases, with several major forms represented by different clinical entities. Psoriasis is the prototype of psoriasiform dermatoses. Other conditions include pustular psoriasis, Reiter’s syndrome, pityriasis rubra pilaris, lichen simplex chronicus and large-plaques parapsoriasis. These lesions represent a diagnostic challenge, both on clinical and histopathological basis. This could be attributed to overlapping clinical and histopathological features. All of them share the hyperactivity of keratinocytes leading to extensive hyperkeratosis, orthokeratosis, congestion and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration.
 We presented a 25 years old female patient. She complained of epidermal verrucal lesion at the external genitalia and medial aspect of the thigh and pubic region. The surface of the skin was rough with variable velvety like granular surface from one area to another. The cut section showed marked thickening of the epidermis with upper dermal congested vessels. This lesion was compatible with the previous history of long-standing psoriasis. A wide local excision was performed with closure of the wide area with minimal scar. The specimen was sent for histopathological examination and it revealed a picture of psoriasiform dermatitis.
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Rahman, Dr Mizanur, Dr Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun, and Professor M. Monir Hossain. "Different Types of Abnormalities of Newborn with Congenital Anomalies." Saudi Journal of Biomedical Research 7, no. 7 (2022): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i07.003.
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Introduction: Congenital anomalies are structural, behavioral, functional, or metabolic defects that occur before the birth of a baby, and their nature and type are highly dependent on the causative agent. It refers to changes in embryonic or fetal development caused by genetic, environmental, or unknown factors that result in physical and/or mental impairment. This study aims to evaluate the various types of abnormalities in newborns with congenital anomalies. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Pediatric Medicine and Pediatric Surgery departments of Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Eighty (80) newborns were included in the study using a purposive sampling method. The study was conducted during the time from April 2012 to September 2012. The aim of the study was to evaluate the various types of abnormalities in newborns with congenital anomalies. A pre-designed questionnaire was completed for every neonate including H/O regular maternal antenatal care with the taking of TT and MMR vaccine, any maternal disease or fever with rash, taking any offending drug, use of abortifacient, exposure to radiation or industrial hazards, feeding habit including smoking or use of alcohol and clinical and anthropological examination. Results: Eighty neonates were presented with congenital anomalies. Male infants were 52(65.0%) and female infants were 28(35.0%). Among congenital heart diseases TGA found in 4(5.0%), TOF 2(2.5%), VSD 4(5.0%), PDA 5(6.3) cases. According to the patient’s abnormalities, hydrocephalus was found in 14(17.5%), encephalocele in 4(5.0%) & meningocele, myelomeningocele was found in 13(16.3%) cases. Club foot in 8(10.0%) syndactyly, polydactyly was in 6(7.5%) and cleft lip and palate were in 16(20.0%) cases. Anorectal malformations were observed in 11(13.8%) cases. Ambiguous genitalia were 11(13.8%) cases. Previous maternal history of abnormal delivery shows Encephalocele, meningocele, myelomeningocele, club foot was 9(11.4%), IUGR 3(3.8%), preterm birth 7(8.8%), stillbirth 3(3.8%) and infants death was 3(3.8%). Conclusion: Most frequent birth defect was cleft lip and/or palate followed by congenital heart diseases, hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele, ambiguous genitalia, and anorectal malformations. The study of birth defects in underdeveloped countries should continue.
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Cappelli, Katia, Chiara Grazia De Ciucis, Samanta Mecocci, et al. "Detection of Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type-2 in Asymptomatic Italian Horses." Viruses 14, no. 8 (2022): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081696.
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Equine Papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2) is responsible for squamous cell carcinomas (eSCCs) of external genitalia of both male and female horses. However, few studies report the EcPV2 prevalence among healthy horses. Currently, the lack of these data does not permit identifying at-risk populations and, thus, developing screening protocols aimed at the early detection of the infection, as for humans. The aim of our study was to estimate the genoprevalence of EcPV2 in clinically healthy horses in Italy and to evaluate their innate immune response. For this purpose, penile and vulvar swabs of 234 healthy horses were collected through sampling with sterile cytobrushes. Nucleic acids were isolated and EcPV2-L1 presence (DNA) and gene expression (RNA) were checked by RT-qPCR. Our results showed EcPV2-L1 DNA presence in 30.3% of the samples and L1 expression in 48% of the positive samples. No statistically significant differences were found in genoprevalence in relation to sex, age, and origin, while, concerning breeds, the Thoroughbred had the highest risk of infection. Concerning specifically the mares, 40.2% of them resulted in being positive for EcPV2; our findings show a major positivity in pluriparous (p = 0.0111) and mares subjected to natural reproduction (p = 0.0037). Moreover, samples expressing L1 showed an increased expression of IL1B (p = 0.0139) and IL12p40 (p = 0.0133) and a decreased expression of RANKL (p = 0.0229) and TGFB (p = 0.0177). This finding suggests the presence of an effective immune response, which could explain the low incidence of SCCs in positive horses, despite a high EcPV2 genoprevalence (30%).
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Pallisera, Anna, Rosa Jorba, Luis Zárate, Jordi Català, Irene Moysset, and Myreia Jimeno. "Sertoli-Leydig tumor and male pseudohermaphroditism discovered during inguinal hernia surgery." Open Medicine 9, no. 5 (2014): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-013-0317-8.
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AbstractThe diagnosis of inguinal hernia is usually clinical and it is performed with high sensitivity and specificity. Very occasionally, it may be confused with other diseases (lymphadenopathy, testicular pathology,etc). We report a rare case of a 80-year-old woman with a clinical diagnosis of hernia, which was underwent surgery and a tumor from the hernia orifice was found. After histological analysis we discovered that the misdiagnosed hernia was actually a tumor on a rudimentary testis. After radiological, gynecological and cytogenetic assessment we obtained an unexpected diagnosis: Male psheudohermaphroditism and Sertoli-Leydigtumor (SLCT) development on the testis. Diagnostic guidance for disorders of sexual development is based almost entirely on pediatric experience and very few guidelines are available for adults. Male pseudohermaphroditism is an intersex condition in which the carriers show a phenotype that includes external female genitalia, but a male genetic and gonadal sex. SLCT are sex-cord stromal tumors which develop in ovary and very rarely in the testis, representing 0.1–0.5% of ovarian tumors and less than 0.2% of testicular tumors. Thus far 24 case have been reported in the literature in which SLCT tumor has developed on testis.
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Bachaspatimayum, Romita, Zamzachin Guite, and Thangjam Bijayanti Devi. "Clinical and laboratory profiles of genital ulcers (sexually transmitted diseases) in a tertiary care center in northeastern India." Our Dermatology Online 12, no. 2 (2021): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20212.4.
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Background: Genital ulcers are defined as breaches in the continuity of the genital mucosa and/or skin. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that cause genital ulcer disease (GUD) are syphilis, chancroid, donovanosis, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), and herpes genitalis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory profiles of STI-related genital ulcers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional two-year study was conducted on patients attending the Outpatient Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy in a tertiary care center in northeastern India. Selected were 95 patients who presented themselves with STI-related genital ulcers. Detailed history taking and examination were conducted with basic tests to assist the diagnosis. Results: The male-to-female ratio was 3.32:1, and the most common site was the glans and prepuce in males (28.77%) and the labia majora and minora in females (36.36%). 96.84% of patients had superficial ulcers. The KOH mount was positive in 26 patients. The Tzanck smear was positive in 31 patients. RPR was positive in four. HIV was positive in eleven. Herpes genitalis (96.84%) was the most common GUD. Mixed STIs were attested in 41.05% of patients. Conclusion: GUD can take various forms of presentation. The available laboratory tests should be utilized. The possibility of mixed infections should always be kept in mind.
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Vicente, Roberto Dezan, Fernanda Fernandez Madeira, Kelly Cristine Borsatto, et al. "Morphological, Cytological and Molecular Studies and Feeding and Defecation Pattern of Hybrids from Experimental Crosses between Triatoma sordida and T. rosai (Hemiptera, Triatominae)." Pathogens 11, no. 11 (2022): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111302.
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Under laboratory conditions, Triatoma rosai and T. sordida are able to cross and produce hybrids. In the face of climate and environmental changes, the study of hybrids of triatomines has evolutionary and epidemiological implications. Therefore, we performed morphological, cytological and molecular studies and characterized the feeding and defecation pattern of hybrids from crosses between T. sordida and T. rosai. The morphological characterization of the female genitalia of the hybrids showed that characteristics of both parental species segregated in the hybrids. Cytogenetic analyzes of hybrids showed regular metaphases. According to molecular studies, the mitochondrial marker Cytochrome B (CytB) related the hybrids with T. sordida and the nuclear marker Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS-1) related the hybrids with T. rosai. Both parents and hybrids defecated during the blood meal. Thus, the hybrids resulting from the cross between T. sordida and T. rosai presented segregation of phenotypic characters of both parental species, 100% homeology between homeologous chromosomes, phylogenetic relationship with T sordida and with T. rosai (with CytB and ITS-1, respectively), and, finally, feeding and defecation patterns similar to the parents.
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Da Silva Oliveira, Marilia Rebeca, and Jose Vicente Postorivo Nauman. "Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and its correlation with endometrial cancer in climacteric women: A systematic review." SCT Proceedings in Interdisciplinary Insights and Innovations 1 (November 10, 2023): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/piii2023153.
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Background: During the climacteric, the female body suffers from a decrease in ovarian activity with a reduction in circulating estrogen levels and consequently signs and symptoms appear such as infertility, vasomotor disorders, atrophy of the genitalia and, in the long term, increased bone turnover, cardiovascular diseases, alterations of the lipid profile among others that interfere with the quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy (unopposed estrogens or associated with progestins) is used as part of the treatment to suppress these symptoms, but it is associated with the risk of developing endometrial cancer, which is hormone dependent. Material and methods: A systematic search of the best available evidence is carried out in information sources and databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane, Epistemonikos, Societies (SEGO, NCCN, FIGO, ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO) in search of studies that correlate HRT as a risk factor for developing endometrial cancer. Results: the evidence showed that estrogen HRT in isolation considerably improves symptoms in women, but that it substantially increases the risk of developing endometrial cancer because it is hormone dependent. Conclusion: It is necessary to understand the use of HRT, be it unopposed estrogens or associated with progestogens, in the climacteric, to whom it can be indicated and how to implement it to improve the quality of life of these women
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Ikhtiyarova G.A., Olimova N. I. ,. "CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE PELVIS AND GENITAL ORGANS IN HIV-INFECTED WOMEN." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (2021): 4996–5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2898.
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The aim of the study is to study the cytokine profile in HIV-infected women with acute vaginitis against the background of complex conservative treatment. Materials and methods of research 55 women aged from 25 to 55 years with acute vaginitis were under our supervision. All women were surveyed for the period from 2018 to 2020, of which 35 women with HIV infection, which constitutes the main group, and 20 women without HIV infection, which constitutes the control group. In all female patients, cytokines (to determine inflammatory processes) (IFNγ, IL-17) were determined in the peripheral blood serum. IFNγ, IL-17 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using test systems "Vector-Best" of the Russian Federation. Results and discussion: the ratio of IFNγ / IL-17 (pro-inflammatory / anti-inflammatory cytokines or Th1 / Th2) in HIV-uninfected women was 2.2. In the presence of a pronounced inflammatory process, that is, in HIV-uninfected women, this indicator was 0.96. After carrying out immunocorrective treatment using Immun-5 (The drug is a balanced mixture of natural biologically active substances, the action of which is aimed at activating the body's immune system. The drug increases the body's resistance in inflammatory diseases. An effective remedy for HIV / AIDS, hepatitis and tuberculosis. 1 capsule 2 times a day for 60 days The drug manifests its effects primarily through the effect on the endogenous interferon system and on the expression of cytokines functionally coupled with interferons - IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17). In the examined HIV-infected women with nonspecific vaginitis, IFNγ approached the control values, the content of IL-17, and after treatment did not normalize, remaining 5.5 times higher than in HIV-uninfected women in the control group, the ratio of IFNγ / IL-17, in HIV-infected women of the main group, after treatment this indicator decreased to 0.42. Conclusion: The improvement in the clinical condition of HIV-infected women, along with the suppression of the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFNγ, was accompanied by the disappearance of signs of inflammation of the genitalia, an improvement in the general condition of HIV-infected women.
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Ndukwu, G. U., S. S. Uriah, and P. O. Dienye. "Evaluation of Socio-Demographic Factors and Morbidity Pattern among Elderly Patients in a Teaching Hospital in South-South Nigeria." Asian Journal of Medicine and Health 21, no. 10 (2023): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10893.
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Aim: This study was to evaluate the sociodemographic factors and morbidity pattern among elderly patients in order to support the equitable distribution of the few healthcare resources.
 Study Design: A hospital-based cross-sectional analytical descriptive study.
 Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at the General Out-Patient Clinic of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt. The duration of study was three months.
 Methodology: Three hundred and eighty-four (384) study participants were recruited by systematic random sampling. The data were collected using structured questionnaire which assessed health problems related to general signs and symptoms and classified patients’ problems into reason for encounter, problems/diagnosis managed and interventions. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Chi square (x2) statistics was used to assess association between categorical variables. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
 Results: A total of 878 health problems were reported based on the ICPC-2. The reasons for encounter were related to musculoskeletal (18.8%), general body symptoms (14.8%), neurological problems (14.7%) and problems related to the ear (0.9%). None of the respondent reported blood related problems. A total of 799 morbidities were diagnosed with an average of 2.1 each (range 1-5), the most prevalent morbidities were related to the cardiovascular system (24.7%), musculoskeletal system (13.8%) and digestive system (13.0%) and the least number of morbidities were found in the female genitalia (0.3%). The relationship between general body symptoms (GBS), musculoskeletal, mental health and nutritional/endocrine conditions, and gender were statistically significant (GBS p-value = 0.034, musculoskeletal, p=0.000, mental health p=0.001, nutrition p=0.000). Women reported more health problems than men. The majority (70.1%) of the men were still married, while most (88.6%) of the women were widowed. Although the largest proportion (56.0%) of the respondents was from social class V with the female forming the bulk (67.9%), there was no statistically significant association except for blood related morbidity (p-value =0.005). Also, there was statistically significant relationship between morbidity pattern and age groups for blood related diseases (p-value =0.010), digestive system (p-value = 0.003), musculoskeletal system (p-value =0.000), and neurological problems (p-value = 0.001). Statistically significant association was found between marital status and morbidities related to ear (p-value =0.002), musculoskeletal (p-value = 0.000), endocrine/metabolic/nutrition (p-value = 0.023) and male genital (p-value = 0.000).
 Conclusion: The most prevalent morbidities of the elderly were chronic medical conditions related to the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, digestive, endocrine systems as well as nutritional and eye diseases. As the ageing population rises with attendant age – related multi morbidities, there is need to have geriatric care plan in our hospitals for a comprehensive continuing healthcare service.
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Kholopov, Dmitrii V., Anna A. Vyazovaya, Eldar E. Topuzov, Diana A. Alekseeva, Sergei V. Molchanov, and Ludmila V. Lyalina. "Detection of human papillomavirus, viral load and risk factors in patients with precancerous diseases and malignant neoplasms in St. Petersburg." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 12, no. 4 (2022): 735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-doh-1981.
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Molecular genetic studies have revealed the involvement of different genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer and malignant lesions of other localizations. It is reported that patients with HPV-positive cancer have a better prognosis of the disease and survival than patients with unconfirmed HPV infection or with a low viral load. The objective was to identify the detectability, viral load, genotypes of human papillomavirus in HPV-associated precancerous and malignant neoplasia of various localization and to determine risk factors for their occurrence in the metropolis of St. Petersburg at the present time.
 Materials and methods. A total of 80 samples taken from morphologically confirmed tissues of oropharyngeal and anal cancer, malignant tumors of vulva, vagina, cervix and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were studied in St. Petersburg Clinical Oncologic Center. Detection, quantification and genotyping of HPV DNA were carried out by real-time PCR at the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute.
 Results. HPV was detected in 89.7% (61/68) of patients with malignant tumors and 83.3% (10/12) with severe cervical dysplasia. The vast majority (85.9%) of HPV-positive patients were infected with HPV genotype 16; papillomavirus mixed infection (genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45) was detected in anal cancer, cancer and severe cervical dysplasia. The average viral load in stages IIIIV of anal cancer, cervical cancer and severe cervical dysplasia exceeded 5.7 lg HPV DNA/105 cells. Among patients with oropharyngeal cancer, men predominated (85.7%); anal cancer was detected in women (90.0%). No statistically significant risk factors (smoking and alcohol consumption) for the occurrence of HPV-associated malignancies were identified.
 Conclusions. The detection of HPV, mainly of genotype 16, varied depending on the location of the neoplasia: anal cancer 100%, cancer of the female genitalia 94% (in case of cancer of the vagina and cervix 100.0%), head and neck cancer 76.2%. The highest HPV DNA load in the tumor tissue was found in IIIIV stages of the cervical and anal cancer.
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DEFEA, BÁRBARA, EDUARDO G. VIRLA, GUILLERMO A. LOGARZO, et al. "Contributions to the knowledge of the Cicadellini sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) associated with citrus orchards in Argentina." Zootaxa 5205, no. 1 (2022): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5205.1.4.
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Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. is a xylem-borne bacterium that causes some of the most important plant diseases to woody plants such as citrus, olives, almonds and other cultures. This pathogen is mainly transmitted by sharpshooters, among which the tribe Cicadellini (Cicadellinae) includes the largest number of proven vectors. The correct identification of the vectors, along with biological and phenological information, are necessary to identify the key vectors involved in the spread of the bacterium and, consequently, establish control strategies and evaluate risks at a local or regional scale. However, lack of information on the Cicadellini from Argentina has delayed the implementation of control measures. Based on surveys conducted in the main citrus producing areas along with bibliographic data, this contribution provides the first list of Cicadellini species from Argentina that are potential vectors of X. fastidiosa; an identification key to these sharpshooters is provided. Twelve species were recorded from northeastern citrus groves, while from northwestern orchards, with previous information totally absent, 10 species were recorded. Eight species are shared by all producing regions, and five of them are proven vectors of X. fastidiosa (Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg), Dilobopterus costalimai Young, Macugonalia cavifrons (Stål), M. leucomelas (Walker), Sonesimia grossa (Signoret)). This contribution provides 22 new insect-plant relationships, information on their natural enemies, the geographic distribution of all species is broadened and the female genitalia of three proven vectors are described for the first time.
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Vu, Sinh Nam, Hai Son Tran, Vu Phong Tran, et al. "Taxonomical insights and ecology of sandfly (Diptera, Psychodidae) species in six provinces of Northern Vietnam." Parasite 28 (2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021080.
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We studied sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae) populations in six provinces of Vietnam. This work explores the diversity of sandfly species according to the province, as well as environment, and updated information on public health since leishmaniasis cases were reported in two provinces. Sandflies were collected using 428 CDC light traps from May 30 to October 13, 2016 and identified based on the morphology of the cibarium, pharynx and/or male genitalia or female spermathecae. A total of 2585 sandflies belonging to five genera and 13 identified species were collected. The main species were: the Sergentomyia barraudi group (12.53%), Se. sylvatica (9.63%) and Phlebotomus stantoni (3.95%). In all, 294 Sergentomyia specimens classified as Se. sp2 and Se. sp3 and a heterogeneous group, herein called Se. und_sp., showed unknown morphological characteristics requiring further studies. We provide detailed comments about morphological description and taxonomical identification in order to help standardization of sandfly classification in Southeast Asia. We observed differentiation according to the provinces in terms of density and species richness, with Lang Son having the highest density and Ninh Binh having the highest species richness. The majority of specimens were collected in rock caves and outdoors, suggesting mainly cavernicolous and exophilic characters of sandfly species in Northern Vietnam. However, specimens were also collected in intra- and peri-domiciliary sites. It is worth noting that Ph. stantoni was the main species found in dog sheds and indoors, and in particular in a leishmaniasis patient’s house.
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de Beldjenna, Liliana Mejía. "Characterization of Patients with Noonan Syndrome-Type Rasopathies by PTPN11 Variant." Corpus Journal of Clinical Trails (CJCT) 4, no. 1 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/cjct/1015.
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Introduction: RASopathies are a set of phenotypically overlapping syndromes caused by mutations in genes that play a role in the RAS/MAPK pathway involved in development through growth factors. The most common is Noonan Syndrome (NS) which is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, of low prevalence and which in 50% of cases is associated with variants in the PTPN11 gene. Clinical manifestations are short stature, dysmorphic facial features, congenital heart defects, most commonly pulmonary valve stenosis, typical chest, and cryptorchidism. Results: We describe 4 patients with RASopathy Noonan syndrome due to alteration in the PTPN11 gene: 3 males, and 1 female, with an average gestational age of 37.6 weeks, 2.9 kg of weight, and 45.5 cm of height at birth. 100% had: palpebral ptosis, winged neck, pectum carinatum, and short stature, 75% had heart diseases such as subaortic stenosis and ventricular septal defect, and 33% had hypoacusis and altered genitalia. The genetic variants found in the PTPN 11 gene, all heterozygous were: in the sporadic males: Exon 7 c.836 A>G. pTYR:279cys, and c.417G>C (p. Glu139Asp) and p.Asn 308 Ser , c..923A>G heterozygosis. The female with a variant in c.417G>C (p. Glu139Asp) whose mother has SN. Analysis: We found the PTPN11 gene variant in all our patients with NS, 75% being sporadic and 25% familial. Although the diagnosis of Noonan syndrome is clinical, this variant according to the literature is found in 50% of patients, in almost 60% of familial cases, and in almost 40% sporadic. There is a phenotype-genotype correlation in these patients and it is suggested that they should be monitored for predisposition to malignancy. Conclusions: It is essential to typify the clinical and genetic alteration in patients with RASopathies so that physicians involved in the care of these patients are familiar with the diagnosis, genetic variant, manifestations, and clinical follow-up, especially because of their predisposition to malignancy