Tesis sobre el tema "Feed"
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Persaud, Pooran. "Genetic aspects of yield, feed intake and feed efficiency in dairy cattle fed ad libitum". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15633.
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Milk production, feed intake, and liveweight records were available on individual animals from a high yielding Holstein-Friesian herd in which selection had been practised on fat plus protein yield using nationally available AI sires. Unlike most other studies, animals were fed ad libitum thus making this data ideal for investigating genetic relationships. In total, the data comprised 475 26-week and 293 38-week (a subset of the 26-week data) lactation records. The relationship between sires and maternal grandsire's transmitting ability (ICC), expressed as a pedigree index (sire ICC + 0.5 maternal grandsire ICC), and offspring performance for milk production traits, feed intake, and gross efficiency (milk energy (MJ)/total intake (MJ)) was investigated. Regressions of fat plus protein yield, fat yield, protein yield, and milk yield, of heifers, on their corresponding pedigree index were not far from the theoretical expectation (for a full lactation) of 1. A genetic increase of 10% in fat plus protein yield of daughters of sires of high genetic merit for fat plus protein yield was accompanied by a genetic increase of 2.0% in feed intake and a 7.9% genetic increase in efficiency. The genetic relationships among milk production, feed intake, feed efficiency and liveweight traits were investigated. Restricted Maximum Likelihood analyses were carried out, fitting an Animal Model, with repeat lactations as an additional random effect. Univariate analyses were done after approximate canonical transformation of the traits. Heritability estimates for fat plus protein yield, feed efficiency and feed intake ranged from 0.45±0.22 to 0.15±0.12, 0.48±0.21 to 0.13±0.09, and 0.52±0.14 to 0.30±0.15, respectively. Genetic correlations between milk production traits and efficiency were generally less than 0.65. Genetic correlations between liveweight traits and efficiency were very high and negative. The results indicate that when selection is on yield, the correlated responses in efficiency may be smaller under ad libitum feeding, compared with published values where cows were fed according to yield. Including liveweight in the selection criterion may give higher responses in efficiency compared to selection on yield alone. In nucleus schemes (based on Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer) it may be worthwhile to include feed intake or efficiency directly in the selection criteria.
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Aquise, Pilco Erick Giovanny, Martinez Valerie Giannina Cucchi, Lázaro Carolina Merly Congora, De Souza Brunela Peñaflor y Cespedes Diana Cesia Rios. "Outfit Feed". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656992.
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En este proyecto se detectó el gran problema que tienen la mayoría de mujeres que no cuentan con el tiempo y la orientación necesaria para portar una vestimenta adecuada que vaya acorde con el tipo de ocasión requerida, es decir, vestimentas para una situación formal, casual o deportiva, pero siempre considerando una buena combinación de prendas. Es por eso que se realizó una investigación para conocer las causas, motivos y el público al cual dirigirnos para poder ofrecerles una solución mediante el desarrollo de una aplicación, llamada Outfit Feed, donde se orienten a las mujeres sobre una perfecta combinación de prendas que vaya acorde con sus gustos, preferencias y características físicas. Del mismo modo, para conocer un poco más acerca del problema principal, se realizaron entrevistas directas con mujeres que se encuentren en esa situación y además, con expertos en la industria de moda, para que nos brinden sus conocimientos y nos cuenten experiencias, las cuales se pueden tomar como referencia para desarrollar un buen tema de investigación.
Asimismo, se desarrolló el value proposition canvas, que permitió establecer detalladamente el perfil del cliente, los cuales son mujeres que cuentan con estilos de vida sofisticados y modernos, se encuentran en un rango de edad entre 18 y 30 años y pertenecen al nivel socioeconómico A, B y C, también, tienen inclinación por la vida laboral y algunas de ella son estudiantes universitarias, Luego de ello, se estableció un mapa de valor y se cuadró un encaje entre problema y mercado para luego elaborar el business model canvas del giro del negocio, lo que posibilitó conocer cada cuadrante y lograr reconocer nuestra ventaja competitiva que nos diferencie de la competencia.
Posterior a ello, se comenzó a validar la solución que se encontró frente a nuestro problema principal mediante la elaboración de dos experimentos para la validación de la técnica de solución y dos más para la experiencia de usuario. En las cuales, se obtuvo, grandes hallazgos, aprendizajes y finalmente una interpretación de resultados. Asimismo, se validó el modelo del negocio, es decir, se desarrolló un experimento por cada cuadrante de nuestro business model canvas y de la misma forma se obtuvo hallazgos, aprendizajes, interpretación de resultados y los sustentos de cada experimento. Luego de ello, al identificar las cosas por mejorar, se desarrolló la validación de interés de compra, mediante la elaboración de un plan Concierge, que nos asegure que el usuario cierre el proceso de compra y descargue nuestra aplicación Outfit Feed para satisfacer su necesidad. Es por este motivo que se realizaron 4 experimentos de compra que nos permitió entender al consumidor, entablar una relación y comunicación más cercana y personalizada y además, seguimiento al usuario con respecto a sus preferencias de vestimenta.
Finalmente, se elaboró el plan financiero, lo cual es indispensable tomar en cuenta para la implementación de un negocio de manera virtual, en el cual se consideró una proyección de ventas por 3 años, la elaboración de un presupuesto, los futuros ingresos y egresos, el flujo de caja y por último, los indicadores financieros que permitirán evaluar el rumbo del negocio.In this project we detected the great problem that most women have that they do not have the time and the necessary orientation to wear a suitable outfit that goes according to the type of occasion required, that is, clothes for a formal, casual or sporty situation, but always considering a good combination of garments. That is why we conducted an investigation to know the causes, reasons and the public to offer a solution through the development of an application, called Outfit Feed, where women are guided on a perfect combination of clothes that goes according to their tastes, preferences and physical characteristics. Similarly, to learn more about the main problem, direct interviews were conducted with women who are in that situation and also with experts in the fashion industry, to provide us with their knowledge and experiences, which can be taken as a reference to develop a good research topic. Also, the value proposition canvas was developed, which allowed us to establish in detail the customer profile, which are women who have sophisticated and modern lifestyles, are in an age range between 18 and 30 years and belong to the socioeconomic level A, B and C, also, After that, a value map was established and a fit between the problem and the market was established in order to elaborate the business model canvas of the business line, which made it possible to know each quadrant and recognize our competitive advantage that differentiates us from the competition. After that, we began to validate the solution found to our main problem through the development of two experiments for the validation of the solution technique and two more for the user experience. In these experiments, we obtained major findings, lessons learned and finally an interpretation of the results. Likewise, the business model was validated, that is to say, an experiment was developed for each quadrant of our business model canvas and in the same way we obtained findings, learnings, interpretation of results and the support of each experiment. After that, after identifying the things to improve, we developed the validation of purchase interest, through the development of a Concierge plan, which ensures that the user closes the purchase process and downloads our Outfit Feed application to satisfy his need. For this reason, 4 purchase experiments were carried out, which allowed us to understand the consumer, establish a closer and more personalized relationship and communication, and also to follow up with the user regarding their clothing preferences. Finally, a financial plan was elaborated, which is essential to take into account for the implementation of a virtual business, in which a 3-year sales projection was considered, the elaboration of a budget, future income and expenses, the cash flow and finally, the financial indicators that will allow us to evaluate the course of the business.
Trabajo de investigación
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Gregoire, Andre Maurice. "Manga Feed". Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36219.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Computer Science
Mitchell L. Neilsen
Mobile technology has advanced significantly in the last decade, devices have gotten smaller and much more powerful. Because mobile devices are so accessible, they have spread everywhere and are used extensively by an immense portion of the population for various tasks. Mobile devices are no longer a means to just communicate with another person, you can use them to take pictures, scan documents, create a Wi-Fi hotspot, or just be entertained. E-Readers have been around for a while and implemented as a source of entertainment on many mobile platforms. However very few e-readers for Manga, which is a type of comic book, have been developed. Manga Feed, built on the Android platform, strives to help fill this void by providing a clean and simple to user interface for users to enjoy reading on the go. There are thousands of manga of various genres made available to users, offering entertainment to any individual interested in manga.
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Van, Biljon Nicolaas Johannes. "The effect of feed processing and feed texture on bodyweight, feed conversion and mortality in male broilers". Diss., Electronic thesis, 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03232005-133235/.
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Thomas, Amanda Shaw. "An Assessment of Two Feed Additives to Improve Feed Utilization in Pigs". UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/39.
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Three experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of including selected feed additives in the diet of weaning and grow-finish pigs. Experiment 1 utilized 24 crossbred grow-finish pigs and measured the effect of added EHY on DM, N, and energy digestibility. There were no differences in DM, Energy, and N digestibility between diets 1 through 4. Experiment 2 utilized a total of 36 crossbred pigs [18 barrows, 18 gilts] in order to determine if preference would be shown when presented with naturally-contaminated corn. There were three dietary comparisons, Control vs Diet 2 (Comparison 1), Control vs Diet 4 (Comparison 2), and Diet 2 vs Diet 4 (Comparison 3). A preference was shown for the control diet over Diet 2, as well as for the control diet over Diet 4. Experiment 3 utilized a total of 24 crossbred pigs [12 barrows, 12 gilts] in order to measure the effect of contaminated corn on performance and DM, energy, and N digestibility. DM, energy, and N digestibility were affected by corn quality.
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Smith, Shannon Nicole. "Residual feed intake of Angus cattle divergently selected for feed conversion ratio". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1229619401.
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Tsang, Tat-Kin. "Tube feed or not tube feed is tube feeding a medical treatment? /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Pugh, Jamie A. "Prediction of optimal rumen degradable protein levels in no-roughage, corn-based feedlot diets". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6277.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 16, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Carelse, Grant Julian. "Heavy petroleum feed upgrading". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34947.pdf.
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Johnson, André Mark Allan. "Broadband feed antenna design". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43532.
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This thesis describes the development of a log-periodic waveguide feed antenna from concept to design and finally to prototyping and testing. An electromagnetic simulator (CST) was used to evaluate different design concepts and a design based on a nested coaxial waveguide structure was selected. A design was developed that included a common excitation structure for all the waveguides and an aperture matching structure that scales periodically with frequency. In the design, each waveguide has a bandwidth ratio of 2:1 and the total bandwidth of the design is 1 GHz to 8 GHz. A physical model was created using the SolidWorks design software and a prototype was manufactured and tested. Simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results over the majority of the antenna's bandwidth. The antenna design had good farfield patterns across most of the antenna's bandwidth with frequency-specific farfield issues. The return loss of the antenna varied greatly with frequency, being greater than 2 dB across the entire bandwidth of the antenna and greater than 6 dB for the majority of the bandwidth of the antenna. There were significant difficulties in achieving a good return loss at the aperture which limited the return loss of the antenna. This work demonstrates the potential of employing a nested coaxial waveguide structure for wideband feed applications.
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Ramsundar, Pallant Satnarine. "Wire feed metal deposition". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609517.
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Crots, Frans (Francois Engelbertus). "The effect of feed processing techniques on weanling piglet performance". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53106.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Starch is the main component of cereal grains and is usually the primary energy source for pigs and poultry. Feed manufacturing can adopt several measures, including physical treatments such as milling or pelleting and other techniques, such as enzyme treatment, to disrupt cell structure. Grinding and pelleting are the most common food processing methods used for pigs. However, pelleting of complete balanced feeds is no longer such an economical proposition due to rising energy and equipment costs; therefore this cost has to be outweighed by an increased production efficiency. It has been known for many years that grinding is an essential prerequisite for the satisfactory blending of the ingredients of a multi-component food. Feed cost represents the major item in the cost of animal production. Without doubt, research and production efforts will continue to refine feed processing techniques to reduce the cost of feed and to increase the value of feed for a target animal. The possibilities for improvements in feed are endless; however the cost of each innovation must be carefully weighed against demonstrated improvements in animal performance. Experiment 1: The effect of feed processing techniques on weanling pig growth-performance The effects of processing of the carbohydrate source and the feed on growth performance of commercial Landrace x Large White piglets (n=480) weaned at 28 ± 2 d were investigated. Two processing combinations of the carbohydrate source were used with 3 processing conditions of the diet in a 2 x 3 factorial design. The pigs were blocked by weight (7.196 ± 2.03 kg BW) and then allotted randomly to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Ten pens of 8 piglets each were fed with each dietary treatment. The two main processing conditions of the carbohydrate source were raw or extruded maize and the 3 processing conditions of the diet was meal or pelleted or extruded. No carbohydrate processing x diet processing interactions were observed (P > 0.05) for ADG, ADFI or FeR. In this experiment, extrusion of the maize led to an significant decrease in FeR efficiency (P < 0.05) (1.57 vs. 1.42) when compared to a raw maize diet. Pelleting a diet had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on ADG but tended to decrease ADFI (P < 0.07) and significantly improve FeR efficiency (1.49 vs. 1.66) when compared to a meal diet. Extruding the whole diet did not have any significant (P > 0.05) effect on ADG but tended to decrease ADFI (P < 0.07) and gave an significant improvement in FeR when compared to a meal diet (1.34 vs. 1.66). This processing technique also gave a significant improvement (P < 0.01) in FeR when compared to a pelleted diet (1.34 vs. 1.49). Experiment 2: The effect of pig feed processing conditions on pig metabolism parameters The effects of processing of the carbohydrate source and the diet on certain metabolism and production parameters of commercial Landrace x Large White pigs (n=24) were investigated. Two processing combinations of the carbohydrate source were used with 3 processing combinations in a 2 x 3 factorial design. Six diets were formulated on an iso-nutrient basis (14.48 MJ/kg metabolizable energy (ME), 23.01 crude protein (CP), 1.092% lysine, 0.742% methionine and cystine and 0.271% tryptophan on a DM basis). The pigs were blocked by weight (26.02 ± 0.25 kg BW) and then allotted randomly to I of 6 dietary treatments. The carbohydrate source was raw or extruded maize and the diets was meal or pelleted or extruded. No carbohydrate processing x diet feed form interactions were observed (P > 0.05) for dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestible energy (DE), Nitrogen (N) or dry matter intake (DMI). In a metabolism and nitrogen (N) balance study, apparent N digestibility, digestible energy and metabolizable energy contents were found not to be significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by carbohydrate or diet processing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stysel is die hoof komponent in grane en is gewoonlik die primêre verskaffer van energie vir varke en pluimvee. Voermeulens kan verskeie metodes implementeer, insluitend fisiese behandeling soos bv. maal, verpilling en ensiem behandelings, om sel struktuur te verander. Maal en verpilling is die mees algemene prosessering metodes wat vir varkvoer gebruik word. Maar, verpilling van totaal geballanseerde voere is nie meer so ekonomies geregverdig nie as gevolg van stygende energie en masjinerie koste. Daarom moet die koste van voervervaardiging oorbrug word deur 'n verhoogde produksiedoeltreffendheid. Dit is al lankal bekend dat maal 'n voorvereiste is vir effektiewe vermenging van grondstowwe van 'n multi-komponent voer. Voerkoste verteenwoordig die hoof item van die koste van intesiewe diereproduksie. Voedingskudiges sal sonder twyfel voortgaan om voerprosessering te verfyn om so die koste van die rantsoen te verlaag en om die waarde van die rantsoen te verhoog vir die dier. Die moontlikhede is veelvuldig, maar die koste van elke ontwikkeling moet opgeweeg word teen verhoogde diereproduksie. Eksperiment 1: Die effek van voerprosesserings-tegnieke op speenvark groei en produksie 'n Proef is uitgevoer om die prosesseringseffek van 'n koolhidraat bron en voer op die groei van Landras x Groot Wit speenvarke (n=480) wat gespeen is op 28 ± 2 d te bepaal. Twee prosesserings-kombinasies van die koolhidraat bron en drie prosesserings-kondisies van die dieet is in 'n 2 x 3 faktoriaal ontwerp uitgevoer. Die varkies is geblok volgens massa (oorspronklik 7.196 kg ± 2 kg) en toe ewekansig in I van 6 dieët behandelings ingedeel. Die proefdiëte is vir lO hokke varkies gevoer, elke hok het 8 varkies in gehad. Die twee hoof prosesserings-kondisies van die koolhidraat bron was rou of gaar mielies en die drie prosesserings-kondisies van die dieët was meelof gaar of geëkstrueer. Geen koolhidraat prosesserings x dieët prosesserings interaksie van die dieët was opgemerk (P > 0.05) vir gemiddelde daaglikse toename (GOT), gemiddelde daaglikse voer inname (GDVI) of voer omset doeltreffendheid (VOD) nie. In die eksperiment was die VOD van die geëkstrueerde mielie dieët, statisties betekenisvol laer (P < 0.05) (1.57 vs.1.42) as die rou mielie dieët. Verpilling van die dieët het geen statisties betekenisvolle effek (P > 0.05) op GDV! gehad nie, maar die VOD was statisties betekenisvol (P < 0.05) beter (1.49 vs. 1.66) wanneer dit met die meel dieët vergelyk word. Ekstrusie van die dieët het geen statisties betekenisvolle effek op GOT en GOVI gehad nie, maar die VOD was statisties betekenisvol (P < 0.05) beter wanneer dit met die meel (1.34 vs. 1.66) en verpilde dieët (1.34 vs 1.49) vergelyk word. Eksperiment 2: Die effek van voer prosessering op vark metabolisme parameters 'n Eksperiment is uitgevoer op Landras x Groot Wit bere (n=24) om die effek van prosessering van 'n koolhidraat bron en voer te bepaal. Twee prosesserings-kombinasies van die koolhidraat bron en drie prosesserings-kondisies van die dieët is in 'n 2 x 3 faktoriaal ontwerp uitgevoer. Ses diëte is geformuleer op 'n iso-nutriënt basis (14.48 MJ/kg metaboliseerbare energie (ME), 23.01 ru-proteïen (RP), 1.092% lisien, 0.742% metionien and sistien en 0.271 % tryptofaan op 'n droeë materiaal (DM) basis). Die varke is geblok volgens massa en ewekansig aan 1 van 6 diëte toegeken. Die koolhidraat bron was gaar of rou mielies en die diëte was meel, verpil of geëkstrueer. Geen koolhidraat-prosessering x dieet interaksie is opgemerk (P > 0.05) nie. In 'n metabolisme en stikstof (N) balans-studie is daar gevind dat DM verteerbaarheid, skynbare N verteerbaarheid, verteerbare energie (GE) en ME inhoud nie beduidend deur die behandelings beïnvloed word nie.
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Poore, Matthew H. (Matthew Henry) 1959. "RUMEN PASSAGE RATES AND FIBER DIGESTIBILITIES FOR WHEAT STRAW, ALFALFA HAY AND FLAKED SORGHUM GRAIN IN MIXED DIETS FOR STEERS". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276423.
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Choi, Byung Ryul. "Regulatory Mechanisms of Feed Intake in Dairy Cattle Fed High Fat Diets /". The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487933648648591.
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Garaleviciene, Dalia. "Mycotoxins and moulded feed : effects on laying hen and contamination of Lithuanian feeds /". Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5848-X.pdf.
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Groesbeck, Crystal Noel. "The effect of feed ingredients on feed manufacturing and growth performance of pigs". Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/523.
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Nascimento, Mariana Quintino do. "The constraining effect of feed bulk on the voluntary feed intake of poultry /". Jaboticabal, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192946.
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Orientador: Nilva Kazue SakomuraResumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a capacidade máxima de consumo, por meio da coleta de dados de consumo de ração das aves. E desta forma, ajustar equações que correlacionassem as características físicas de um alimento com a capacidade do trato gastrointestinal de frangos de corte, matrizes pesadas e poedeiras em diferentes fases de criação. Foram conduzidos 8 ensaios, sendo 4 ensaios com frango de corte, nas fases inicial, crescimento, terminação e o último para validação. Dois ensaios com matrizes pesadas e outros dois com poedeiras, nas fases de pré-postura e produção de ovo, sendo que em cada ensaio foram utilizados 225 animais. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com cinco diluentes e 5 níveis de diluição, totalizando 25 tratamentos e nove repetições contendo uma ave cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma dieta controle (sem inclusão de diluente) e as demais dietas com níveis graduais de cada diluente (2.5; 5; 10 e 15% para frangos de corte e poedeiras; 0; 10; 20; 30 e 40% para matrizes pesadas). Os diluentes utilizados foram a fibra de celulose, a serragem, a casca de arroz, a areia e a vermiculita. Os períodos experimentais aplicados ao estudo com frango de corte foram de 14 dias cada (1 a 14 dias; 15 a 28 dias e 29 a 45 dias), para matrizes pesadas e poedeiras foram de 28 dias cada ensaio. Nos ensaios foram mensurados o consumo diário e o peso vivo das aves. Foram realizadas análises laboratoriais que permitissem simular o comportamento físico do d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: - The objective of this study was to determine the maximum food intake capacity by collecting feed intake data from birds. Thus, to fit equations that correlates the physical characteristics of a food with the capacity of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers, broiler breeders and laying hens in different rearing phases. Eight trials were conducted, four trials with broiler chicken in the initial, growth, final and last for validation. Two trials with broiler breeders and two with laying in the rearing and egg - production phases, and 225 animals were used in each test. The design was completely randomized (DIC) with five diluents and 5 dilution levels, totaling 25 treatments and nine replicates containing one bird each. The treatments consisted of a control diet (without diluent inclusion) and the other diets with gradual levels of each diluent (2.5, 5, 10 and 15% for broilers and laying hens; 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% for broiler breeders). The diluents used were cellulose fiber, sawdust, rice husk, sand and vermiculite. The experimental periods applied to the study with broiler chicken were 14 days each (1 to 14 days; 15 to 28 days and 29 to 45 days), for broiler breeders and laying hens were 28 days each trial. In the trials the daily food intake and body weight of the birds were measured. Laboratory analyzes were performed to simulate the physical behavior of diluent and diluted diets in the gastrointestinal tract of each animal category and its phase. Therefore, using mult... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Bonvini, Erika <1984>. "Development of Innovative Feed Products and Feed Concepts for Marine Species in Aquaculture". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8033/1/Bonvini%20-%20PhD%20thesis.pdf.
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The sustainability challenges of the aquaculture sector will probably be closely linked with continuing interest in ingredients as alternatives to fishmeal for use within aquafeeds. Among the many protein sources available, plant proteins appear to be the most appropriate alternatives. Different aspects on the health implications of using vegetable feed ingredients on the digestive tract, plus possible effects on quality of the fish, are some of the most relevant problems currently confronting the aqua industry.
The need to understand this phenomenon leads to the present thesis, in which the investigation on the feasibility of the inclusion of plant protein in aquafeed was undertaken through a multidisciplinary approach.
The first study highlighted that inclusion of soybean meal in combination with different blends of plant protein maintains optimal growth in 20% fish meal dietary level for the on-growing of European sea bass. Despite fiber is considered as a component that cannot be utilized by most fish, inclusion up to 9.3% has no effects on growth, feed efficiency and digesta transit time in European sea bass. It was encouraging to note that inclusion of high levels of plant protein sources and fiber did not affect health and nutritional status of the animals. When replacing fish meal in aquafeeds, besides the research on alternative ingredients, also the nutritional profile should be considered. In the third study, it was demonstrated that taurine is a required nutrient for juvenile Southern flounder. The fourth study, highlighted that increasing the inclusion of plant ingredients, in substitution of fish meal, had no effects on quality traits of the commercial product.
However, it is not yet an easy or economi¬cally feasible task to reduce the aquaculture dependence from marine feedstuff, the present thesis has contributed to provide some insights on the feasibility of the replacement of fish meal in aquafeed.
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Wan, Yonghong 1966. "Metabolic effects of zeolite as natural feed supplement for grower pigs". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84085.
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The rapid growth of Canadian pork industry has been challenged by its negative impact on the environment. To find an economical and promising solution to the environmental problems, 4% zeolite (90%+ clinoptilolite) were supplemented to a regular (100% crude protein (CP) and energy) or low CP and energy (90% CP and 90% energy or 90% CP and 85% energy) grower pig diets. Twenty male and twenty-four female grower pigs were used in two feeding experiments respectively, followed by a metabolic test with three batches of animals repeated to determine the metabolic effects of zeolite supplementation. Pig performance (body weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio), and metabolic parameters (manure mass, feed intake, protein and energy conversion, as well as dry feed and organic matter retention) were evaluated. Zeolite supplementation at 4% to a regular diet for grower pigs had a positive but not significant (P > 0.05) effect on all pig performance and metabolic parameters, compared to the regular diet without zeolite. Among 4 rations, pigs on a regular diet with 4% zeolite performed consistently best throughout the entire trail, with decreased average daily consumption and reduced amount of feces, increased feed and organic matter retention in the gastrointestinal tract, improved feed as well as protein and energy conversion, and enhanced body weight gain. Moreover, zeolite supplementation at 4%, with 90% CP and 90% energy in grower pig diets, improved feed and protein and energy conversion rate, and increased body weight gain, when compared to those of pigs fed a regular diet without zeolite. However, a diet of 90% of CP and 85% of energy with 4% zeolite significantly (P < 0.05) increased feed consumption and the amount of feces produced, and decreased feed and organic matter retention in the gastrointestinal tract, thus reducing feed conversion rate. Therefore, 4% zeolite supplementation to the regular or low CP and energy (90% CKey words. Clinoptilolite, Pig, Pig Performance, Metabolic Parameter.
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Van, Do Thi Thanh. "Some animal and feed factors affecting feed intake, behaviour and performance of small ruminants /". Uppsala : Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200632.pdf.
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Dayyari, Amir. "Beitrag zur projektspezifischen Ausrichtung eines feed-forward- und feed-back-orientierten Risikomanagements für Bauprojekte /". Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989396835/04.
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Collings, Lindsay Kathleen Morrison. "Temporal feed restriction and overstocking increase competition for feed in group-housed dairy cattle". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/34210.
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Dairy cows are often overstocked. Some managers are now also using ‘slick bunk’ management to save on feed costs, but this reduces the time cows have access to feed. Both practices may increase competition and affect feeding behaviour in cows. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of temporal and spatial restrictions on the feeding and competitive behavior of group-housed cows. Using a replicated Latin square design 48 Holstein cows were randomly assigned to groups of 6 cows. Groups were tested as overstocked at the feeder (2:1 cows:feed bin) or not (1:1 cow:bin) and provided feed access for either 14 or 24 h/d. DMI, feeding time and rate were measured for 24 h and 2 h following fresh feed delivery for the last 4 d of the 7 d periods. Displacements were recorded for 2 h after delivery of morning feed (peak feeding period) and 2 h following afternoon milking. DMI tended to decline when temporal access was restricted (27.0 vs. 25.7 ± 0.5 kg/d), but was not affected by overstocking (26.4 ± 1.9, mean ± SD). Temporally restricted cows spent less time feeding (190.9 vs. 207.9 ± 6.1 min). Overstocked cows that were also temporally restricted had greater feeding rates during the day (156 vs. 137 ± 4 g/min) and especially during the peak feeding period (175 vs. 146 ± 4 g/min) compared to cows that were not restricted. In the peak period, overstocked cows had reduced DMI (3.0 vs. 3.4 ± 0.1 kg/h) and feeding times (20.8 vs. 25.8 ± 1.0 min/h) and increased feeding rates (161 vs. 138 ± 4 g/min). Cows with restricted temporal access had greater DMI (3.9 vs. 2.6 ± 0.2 kg/h) and time spent feeding (27.3 vs. 19.2 ± 1.3 min/h) during the peak period, compared with cows that were not restricted. Restricting temporal access in conjunction with overstocking resulted in the greatest increase in daily displacements (15.0 vs. 3.8 ± 1.4 displacements/d); the majority of these occurred during the peak period. Adequate space and time to access feed is essential to minimize feed bunk competition in indoor group-housing systems.
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Roesser, Rachel. "The effect of commercial horse feeds versus home mixed feed grains on foal growth". Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/28360.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 18 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 18). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Lakay, Francisco Martin. "Fungal enzymes as animal feed additives". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52280.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of fungal enzymes as ruminant feed digestibility enhancers was investigated. Currently, ruminants may not digest 38 to 80 % of fibrous forages' content. A renewed interest in the potential of feed enzymes for ruminants was prompted by the high costs of livestock production, together with the availability of newer enzyme preparations. Direct application of enzyme preparations can improve in vitro dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradation, indicating that direct-fed fibrolytic enzymes may be effective in enhancing in vivo digestion of forages. Two commercial enzyme products, Fibrozyme and Celluclast, and fungal extracellular enzyme extracts from Aureobasidium pullulans, Trichoderma reesei, Aspergillus aculeatus, and Thermomyces lanuginosus were evaluated for enhancing in vitro feed digestibility. Fibrozyme addition to both wheat straw and lucerne hay did not improve their in vitro digestibilities, even after a two hour pre-incubation period. The four fungal enzyme extracts did not enhance wheat straw's digestibility, but marginal increases were evident for lucerne hay. Celluclast addition resulted in marginal increases in the digestibility of both oat hay and oat silage, with no enhanced effect on lucerne hay and NaOH-treated wheat straw. No relationship could be found between the level of enzyme activity and the degree of feed digestion in the in vitro assay. Enzyme hydrolysis with Celluclast, in the absence of rumen fluid, gave more conclusive results. All the feed samples tested showed a positive response to Celluclast addition, even the less digestible feeds, namely sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw. In vitro results show that the assays were unsuccessful, because almost all of the experiments conducted showed inconclusive results. Alternative feed evaluation assays, which include the in vivo, in sacco and in situ methods of analysis, as well as gas production measurement and in vitro analysis with the DAISyII system, should be evaluated. A more detailed study of feed digestibility should be motivated by determining which feeds are hydrolysable, their chemical composition, i.e. how accessible the feeds are, and also evaluation of feed mixtures. The enzyme supplements also need to be evaluated for optimum temperature and pH, as well as the compilation of enzyme cocktails.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van swamensieme om die verteerbaarheid van herkouervoere te verhoog, is ondersoek. Tussen 38 en 80 % van veselagtige voere se inhoud is tans onverteerbaar. 'n Hernieude belangstelling in die potensiaal van voerensieme vir herkouers word deur die hoë koste van veeproduksie, asook die beskikbaarheid van nuwe ensiempreparate gedryf Direkte byvoeging van ensiempreparate kan die in vitro droëmateriaal (DM) en neutrale onoplosbare vesel (NOV) vertering verbeter, wat daarop dui dat fibrolitiese ensieme wat direk gevoer word, effektief mag wees tydens die in vivo vertering van voer. Twee kommersiële ensiemprodukte, Fibrozyme en Celluclast, en die vier ekstrasellulêre ensieme van vier swamme, naamlik Aureobasidium pullulans, Trichoderma reesei, Aspergillus aculeatus, en Thermomyces lanuginosus is vir hul vermoë om die in vitro verteerbaarheid van voere te verbeter getoets. Byvoeging van Fibrozyme by beide koringstrooi en lusernhooi het geen verbetering in hulonderskeie in vitro verteerbaarheid tot gevolg gehad nie, selfs nie eens na 'n twee uur vooraf inkubasieperiode nie. Koringstrooi se verteerbaarheid is nie verbeter deur die byvoeging van die vier swam-ensiempreparate nie, maar 'n minimale verbetering is wel waargeneem in die verteerbaarheid van lusernhooi. Byvoeging van Celluclast het 'n minimale verbetering in beide hawerhooi en hawerkuilvoer se verteerbaarheid tot gevolg gehad, maar geen effek op lusernhooi of NaOH-behandelde koringstrooi se verteerbaarheid nie. Geen verwantskap is tussen die vlak van ensiemaktiwiteit en die mate van vertering tydens die in vitro toets gevind nie. Ensiematiese afbraak met Celluclast, in die afwesigheid van rumenvloeistof, het meer konkrete resultate gelewer. Al die voermonsters het 'n positiewe respons op die byvoeging van Celluclast getoon, selfs ook die minder verteerbare voere, nl. suikerrietbagasse en koringstrooi. In die wyer konteks was die resulate van die in vitro verteringstoetse egter onbeduidend as gevolg van groot variasie in die metings. Alternatiewe voerontledingstoetse, wat moontlik beter resultate mag lewer, sluit in in vivo, in sacco en in situ analises, asook die meting van gasproduksie en in vitro analise met die DAISyII sisteem. 'n Meer uitgebreide studie van voerverteerbaarheid wat die bepaling van die afbraak van voere, hul chemiese samestelling, met ander woorde toeganklikheid van voere, en die ondersoek van voermengsels behels, behoort aandag te geniet. Die ensiemmengsels behoort ook ten opsigte van samestelling, optimum temperatuur en pH ondersoek teword.
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Billström, Peter. "En bildbaserad feed för iOS". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-156235.
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Uppdragsgivaren har för avsikt att lansera en iPhone-app, som går under utvecklingsnamnet StoryPic. I appen ska användare kunna skapa bildbaserade filmer,s.k. stories, som man ska kunna dela till andra användare. Dessa stories som folk har delat ska då kunna ses på en s.k. feed i appen. Min uppgift med detta examensarbete var att utvärdera olika lösningar för hur man kan designa och utveckla denna feed. Jag har dels testat en vanlig vertikalt scrollande feed men även en ny typ av scrollning där användaren kan scrolla åt valfritt håll.The employer wants to release an iPhone app, which currently goes under the development name StoryPic. In this app the user is supposed to make image based videos, called stories, which they can share with other users. These stories should bevisible on a feed in the app and my task was to evaluate different solutions for how to design and develop this feed. I have, for example, tested a normal vertically scrolling feed versus a new kind of feed where the user can scroll in any direction. The rest of this report will be in Swedish.
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Lyster, Norman Verle. "The Canadian feed pea market". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40084.pdf.
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Hadjiprocopis, Andreas. "Feed forward neural network entities". Thesis, City University London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340374.
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Cipolla, Frank y Gerry Seck. "DUAL BAND EHF AUTOTRACK FEED". International Foundation for Telemetering, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613452.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 29-November 02, 1990 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaDatron Systems has designed a dual band EHF autotrack feed. The feed allows simultaneous reception and autotracking at K band while transmitting at Q band. The feed design and operation is discussed.
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Stewart, Scot Howard. "Multiple feed reflector antenna analysis". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94472.
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A method of calculating the secondary pattern of a reflector illuminated by a feed array is developed. Geometrical optics is used to determine the incident field via a coordinate transformation approach. The incident field from each element is superimposed to form the total field used in finding the surface currents of the physical optics radiation integral. The technique allows each element to be arbitrarily excited, positioned and oriented. The element patterns may be different allowing mutual coupling to be included.M.S.
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Bidgood, Lee y Great Smokey Mountain Bluegrass Band. "Performance at Feed and Seed". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1074.
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Mohamed, Neijat. "Assessing the feeding value of pea straw and evaluating biological methods to improve its utilisation by ruminants". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AS/09asm697.pdf.
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Copies of the author's previously published articles inserted. Bibliography: leaves 142-159. Provides information on the significance of pea straw as a ruminant feed and the potential of two biological techniques for improving its feeding value.
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PATIÑO, LISSETH SAAVEDRA. "SYNTHESIS OF OMNIDIRECTINAL REFLECTOR FED BY DIELETRIC LENS ASSOCIATED WITH A COAXIAL FEED HORN". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29317@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Antenas refletoras para cobertura omnidirecional vêm sendo utilizadas em diversos estudos de micro-ondas e ondas milimétricas. A principal motivação para trabalhar nestas bandas, entre outras aplicações, é o desenvolvimento de sistemas de comunicação sem fio de banda larga. O presente trabalho utiliza uma lente dielétrica na abertura do alimentador da antena refletora para reduzir a largura do feixe e, simultaneamente, evitar a presença de lóbulos laterais na região de cobertura. Uma apropriada modelagem da lente reduz o tamanho da antena sem degradar as características de radiação. O trabalho é dividido em duas partes: a modelagem de lentes dielétricas; e a modelagem de reflertores. A modelagem de lentes dielétricas circularmente simétricas utilizando os princípios da Óptica Geométrica para controlar a largura de feixe do diagrama de radiação transmitido pela lente. O modelo é feito a partir do deslocamento do foco da geratriz da lente, o novo foco virtual é o ponto geométrico onde convergem os raios emergentes da lente. A rotação da geratriz da superfície refletora faz que este ponto se torne um anel cáustico virtual. As lentes modeladas têm como alimentador uma corneta coaxial que fornece um diagrama de radiação circularmente simétrico. O diagrama de radiação transmitido pela lente é calculado usando as aproximações da ótica geométrica e ótica física em campo distante e próximo. Os resultados são comparados com os resultados simulados em um software especializado de simulação eletromagnética. A modelagem de refletores baseada nas propriedades da Ótica Geométrica. O refletor é uma superfície de revolução obtida através da rotação de uma geratriz em torno ao eixo de simetria. Neste trabalho, a geratriz é descrita por uma sucessão de seções de cônicas concatenadas, esta metodologia utiliza o diagrama de radiação transmitido da lente para obter uma distribuição de campo no plano vertical previamente especificada, que nosso caso é uma distribuição constante. O diagrama de radiação em campo distante radiado pelo refletor é calculado usando as aproximações da física ótica, estes resultados são 6 comparados com os resultados simulados em um software especializado em simulação eletromagnética.
Reflector antennas for omnidirectional coverage have been considered in several studies of microwave and millimeter wave. The main motivation to work in these bands, among other applications, is the development of wireless broadband communication systems. This work uses a dielectric lens in the aperture of the reflector antenna feeder to reduce the beamwidth and simultaneously avoid the presence of side lobes in the coverage area. An appropriate lens modeling reduces the antenna size without degrading the radiation characteristics. The work is divided into two parts: the modeling of lens and modeling of reflector.The modeling of lens using the principles of the Geometrical Optics to control the radiation pattern transmitted by the lens. The modeling depends on the lens focus displacement, which is the geometric point of convergence of the rays emerging from the lens. The rotation of the lens generatrix causes this point to become a virtual caustic ring. The lens has a coaxial feed horn that provides a circularly symmetrical radiation pattern. The radiation pattern transmitted by the lens is calculated using the approximation of Geometric Optics and Physical Optics in the near and far field; these results are compared with the simulated results in a specialized electromagnetic simulation software. The reflector modeling is based on the properties of Geometric Optics. The reflector is a revolution surface obtained by rotating a generatrix around the symmetry axis. In this work, the generatrix is described by a sequence of concatenated conical sections. This method uses the transmitted radiation pattern of the lens to obtain a previously specified field distribution in the vertical plane, which is a constant distribution in the present case. The far field radiation pattern of the reflector is calculated using the Physical Optics approximation. These results are compared with the simulated results in a specialized electromagnetic simulation software.
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Montoro, Morcillo Carlos. "Influence of feed characteristics and sensorial perception on solid feed consumption of young calves around weaning". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96701.
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Durant aquesta tesis es varen realitzar sis estudis en vedells joves amb l’objectiu de conèixer estratègies per incrementar el consum de concentrat al voltant del deslletament. En primer lloc, es realitzà un estudi per desenvolupar un mètode per determinar preferències oro-sensorials en vedells deslletats, aquest mètode va consistir en registrar el consum d’un grup mínim de 20 animals individualitzats, als quals se’ls ofertà una doble opció de dos ingredients o concentrats durant un període de 6 h. Amb aquest mètode es realitzà el segon estudi, on es van determinar les preferències oro-sensorials entre 8 ingredients energètics (arròs, blat, blat de moro, corn gluten feed, civada, melca, ordi i segones de blat) i 6 ingredients proteics (colza, DDG de blat, corn gluten meal, girasol, pèsol i soja). El blat i la soja van ser els ingredients preferits, mentre que el corn gluten feed, l’arròs i el corn gluten meal van ser els ingredients menys preferits a curt termini. En el tercer estudi, es testà l’efecte d’addicionar un edulcorant amb aroma al lactoremplaçant i al concentrat. Al addicionar l’aroma s’observà un increment en el consum de concentrat en aquells vedells que presenten un baix consum al moment del deslletament. El quart estudi avaluà la capacitat de regulació dels requeriments nutricionals en vedells nounats. En aquest estudi un grup de vedells van rebre un concentrat convencional i es van comparar amb un altre grup als quals se’ls ofertà una bateria de diferents ingredients que composaven el concentrat. Els vedells que tenien accés a la bateria d’ingredients van descriure un consum total i creixement similar als vedells que rebien concentrat. Però en canvi van descriure un major consum de proteïna i greix, i un menor consum de carbohidrats. Aquestes diferències es van deure principalment a la predilecció cap a la soja i la soja grassa que van mostrar els animals que podien escollir entre diversos ingredients. El cinquè estudi va analitzar el paper de la mida de partícula del farratge en vedells lactants. En aquest estudi es comparaven dos tipus de dietes, composades per un concentrat convencional al qual se li addicionava un 10% de farratge. Aquestes dues dietes diferien en la mida de partícula del farratge, molturat (2mm) o trinxat (3-4cm). Es va observar que els animals que rebien el farratge més groller (3-4 cm) incrementaven més el seu consum la setmana desprès del deslletament, millorava la seva digestibilitat de matèria seca, proteïna, fibra neutra detergent i àcid detergent, i també reduïa la realització de conductes orals no-nutritives. Es va realitzar un sisè estudi on es va avaluar el paper que tenen els opioids en la regulació de la ingesta mitjançant l’estimulació o inhibició del plaer. En aquest estudi es va provar l’efecte de la naloxona, un antagonista opioide, sobre l’elecció de concentrats preferibles en vedells deslletats, i les seves possibles interaccions amb altres metabòlits relacionats amb la regulació de la ingesta. Es va observar que en animals saciats la naloxona podria reduir el consum, indicant que els opioids intervenen en la regulació de la ingesta total, però a més es va observar redueix la preferència per concentrats amb edulcorants, que prèviament s’havien observat altament preferibles. Pel que fa als metabòlits analitzats només es va observar una interacció entre la naloxona i els nivells de glucagon-like peptide-1. Resumint, els vedells lactants van mostrar preferència pels edulcorants al voltant del deslletament, tant a curt termini com a llarg termini. La soja va ser un ingredient d’elecció, mentre que la civada no va ser desitjada, tant a curt termini com a llarg termini. El fet d’addicionar un mateix aroma amb edulcorant al concentrat com a la llet va incrementar el consum d’aquells animals que presentaven un consum baix prèviament al deslletament. La mida de partícula del farratge va condicionar el creixement, consum, digestibilitat i comportament dels vedells al voltant del deslletament. Finalment, es va observar que els opioides juguen un paper important en la regulació de la ingesta mitjançant l’hedonisme o el plaer.In this thesis, six studies in young calves were performed in order to find strategies to increase concentrate intake around weaning. The first study was conducted to develop a method to determine oro-sensory preferences in weaned calves. This method consist on measure the solid feed consumption of a minimum group of 20 calves, which recieve two options of concentrates or ingredients during a period of 6 h. Using this method, the second study was performed, where the oro-sensory preferences between 8 energetic ingredients (rice, wheat, corn, corn gluten feed, oats, sorghum, barley and second wheat) and 6 protein ingredients (canola, corn DDG, corn gluten meal, sunflower, soybean and pea) were determined. Wheat and soybean meal were the favorite ingredients for weaned calves, while the corn gluten feed, rice and corn gluten meal ingredients were less preferred in this short term study. The third study was conducted to evaluate the effect of flavoring a starter concentrate in a same manner as a milk replacer on intake and performance of young calves. This study claims, that offering a starter concentrate flavored as the milk replacer enhances solid feed consumption of those calves that have a low intake around weaning. The fourth study evaluated the ability of calves to meet their nutrient requirements when different ingredients were offered indepently in newborn calves. In this study a group of calves received a conventional concentrate whereas another group received a battery of different ingredients. The calves that had access to the free-choice of ingredients described a similar total consumption and growth compared to calves that received concentrate. However, calves that had access to all ingredients described a higher consumption of protein and fat, and lower consumption of carbohydrates that those receiving concentrate. These differences in nutrient intake were mainly due to the preference toward soybean meal and soybean full fat described by the animals that had access to all ingredients. The fifth study analyzed the role of particle size of forage in lactating cattle. This study compared two diets, composed of a conventional concentrate with a 10% of forage added. These two diets were different in the particle size of forage, ground (2 mm) or choped (3-4cm). It was observed that animals receiving chopped forage (3-4 cm) increased solid feed consumption the week after weaning, improved the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre, and reduce undesired behaviors, such as non-nutritive oral behaviors. The sixth study was conducted to evaluate the role of opioids in the regulation of food intake by stimulation or inhibition of pleasure. This study tested the effect of naloxone, an opioid antagonist, on preferred concentrates consumption in weaned calves, and their possible interactions with other metabolites related to the regulation of food intake. It was observed that satiated animals treated with naloxone reduced solid feed consumption, indicating that opioids are involved in the regulation of total intake. Furthermore, calves treated with naloxone reduced their preference for concentrate with sweetener, which had been previously observed as a preferred concentrate. Regarding the analyzed metabolites, GLP-1 was influences by naloxone administration. In summary, calves showed preference for sweeteners around weaning, either in short term or long term assays. Soybean meal was a preferred ingredient, while oats was not desired, both in short term and long term. Adding a sweetener with the same aroma in concentrate and in milk replacer increased consumption of animals that had a low intake prior to weaning. The particle size of forage influenced the growth, consumption, digestibility and performance of calves around weaning. Finally, we observed that opioids play an important role in the regulation of food intake by hedonism or pleasure.
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Monegue, James Seth. "EVALUATION OF DIETARY ALTERATIONS THAT HAVE POTENTIAL TO AFFECT FEED INTAKE AND FEED PREFERENCE IN SWINE". UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/642.
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Feed intake is a key factor affecting pig performance; thus, the objective of these studies was to assess a variety of factors that could potentially affect intake in pigs in different production stages. Studies were conducted to determine the effects of flavor and diet complexity, Appetein™ (an alternative protein source), and graded levels of salt on swine feed intake and feed preference. Two newly developed flavors were used in nursery pig diets. The use of the two flavors did not increase feed intake (P > 0.05). Nursery pigs actually showed a preference for the control diet. Complex diet formulation does increase feed intake (P < 0.03) in nursery pigs when diets are not over-formulated. When flavor was added to lactation diets sow feed intake did not change compared to the control. The flavor did not affect litter performance (P > 0.05). When Appetein™ was added to lactation diets at 0.5%, pig weight and litter weight were numerically greater for the sows fed Appetein™ but not significantly so. Appetein™ did not affect feed intake. When nursery pigs were fed graded levels of salt (0.1, 0.5, and 0.8%) feed intake increased (P < 0.01) as salt level increased. Nursery pigs also preferred (P < 0.05) 0.8% salt over other levels the first two weeks after weaning when given a choice among diets.
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Malik, Robin. "The effect of breed on feed intake and feed efficiency in Merino and maternal type ewes". Thesis, Malik, Robin (2017) The effect of breed on feed intake and feed efficiency in Merino and maternal type ewes. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40075/.
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Although Merino ewes dominate the Australian sheep flock, approximately 45% of lambs are born to non-Merino ewes. The Lifetime Ewe Management (LTEM) program has brought with it great advances to the sheep enterprise but as those guidelines have been tailored to Merino ewes, there is very little evidence to propose that nonMerinos ewes can be managed under the same guidelines. Our experiment hypothesised that maternal type ewes will have a lower maintenance energy requirement than Merino ewes, and that maternal type ewes will consume more feed than Merino ewes when fed under ad libitum conditions. Fed a pelleted diet, the feed intake and liveweight change of 40 ewes (20 Merino and 20 Greeline) was monitored over 42 days while they were housed in individual pens at the Murdoch University animal house. Of those 20 ewes in each group, 10 were fed a maintenance diet as per LTEM guidelines and 10 were fed ad libitum. Results found there to be no significant effect of breed on feed intake and maternal type ewes did not have a higher feed intake when fed an ad libitum diet either, hence not supporting either of the two hypotheses. Feed intake was rather found to be more related to liveweight. In conclusion, further research will need to be conducted in order to gain closer understanding of maternal type ewes and identify which traits in particular account for their performance differences.
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Yulistiani, Dwi. "The nutritive value of rice straw varieties for ruminants". Title page, Contents and Abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AS/09asy95.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 102-114. This study evaluates the difference in the nutritive value of rice straw varieties using chemical composition and digestibility measurements. It assesses several methods for improving the nutritive value of rice straw and the effect of urea treatment and rice straw quality on the colonisation of ruminal fungi and the characteristics of stem tissue structure.
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Leung, Stanley. "The effect of clinoptilolite properties and supplementation levels on swine performance /". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82276.
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Clinoptilolite is a zeolite and an aluminosilicate that can be fed to swine in order to reduce nutrients being excreted because of their molecular sieving properties, high cation exchange capacities, and a high affinity for the ammonium ion (NH4+). Preliminary research has been carried out on utilizing zeolite's unique characteristics for dietary supplementation for livestock, however much of this research is limited and is still in its infancy.The results from this study show that the zeolite with a particle size distribution either >250 mum or mixed (50% particles greater and smaller than 250 mum) adsorbed the most NH4+. Macro mineral and heavy metal release was similar among all particle size distributions tested, but varied between sources of zeolite. Handling properties of zeolite were not affected by moisture content or particle size. The feed trial indicated that zeolite supplementation, combined with a low crude protein and energy diet and at an inclusion level of 4%, showed potential as a feed additive in swine diets for the purposes of nutrient reduction. Nevertheless, zeolite seemed to have a greater impact on energy ingestion, as compared to crude protein. Even at 6% zeolite inclusion in the feed, hog muscle, kidney and liver tissues showed no significant increase in heavy metal contents, as compared to those fed any zeolite.
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URIAS, ALEJANDRO RUBEN. "EFFECT OF DIETARY CONCENTRATE LEVELS ON IN SITU DRY MATTER DISAPPEARANCE, NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER DISAPPEARANCE AND DIGESTION KINETICS OF ALFALFA HAY, WHEAT STRAW AND STEAM PROCESSED AND FLAKED MILO GRAIN". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183830.
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A replicated 3 x 3 latin square design (3 periods and 6 rumen fistulated steers) was utilized to investigate the effect of dietary concentrate levels (30, 60 and 90%) on the in situ disappearance of dry matter (ISDMD) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and kinetics of fiber digestion of alfalfa hay, wheat straw and steam processed and flaked milo (SPFM). Concentrate levels of 30 and 60% did not affect (P > .05) ISDMD or NDF disappearance from any of the substrates. However, ISDMD and NDF disappearance of all substrates were depressed (P < .05) by the 90% concentrate diet. The degradation of the potentially digestible fiber in these substrates followed first order kinetics at all concentrate levels. Fiber digestion kinetics were not affected (P > .05) by dietary concentrate levels of 30 or 60%. Incubation of substrates in animals receiving the 90% concentrate diet resulted in lower potential extent of digestion (P > .05) and decreased rate of degradation (P > .05) for all substrates. However, digestion was not complete even after incubations of 168-h, and thus, it is possible that the potential extent of digestion was underestimated. For all substrates lag time of digestion appeared to increase in the 90% concentrate diet. However, influx of NDF-like material into the bag during incubation makes the validity of the lag times obtained in situ questionable. Ruminal pH was depressed in animals consuming the 90% concentrate diet and could be at least one of the factors responsible for the decreased (P > .05) fiber digestibility in this diet. Mean ruminal pH of 6.5 (30 and 60% concentrate diets) did not depress (P > .05) fiber digestibility while a mean pH of 6.2 resulted in a lower (P > .05) fiber digestibility in the rumen.
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Mey, Mahamat. "WEIGHT CHANGE, INTAKE AND DIGESTION OF ALFALFA HAY AND WHEAT STRAW BY KARAKUL, RAMBOUILLET AND ST. CROIX". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275269.
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Starling, Dan A. "Propellant feed control for ion engines". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA316748.
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Mathisen, Sindre. "Design criteria for offshore feed barges". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18480.
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The fish farming industry faces some problems for the future as the escaping of fish and fish lice. One solution to these problems could be to move the farms further offshore. The main focus of the industry is on the cages the fish is held in, but the feed barge is the brain of a fish farm. Before offshore fish farming is an acceptable solution for the future the design criteria for the feed barge has to be sufficient for more exposed areas.Some regulations both for fish farming and the oil industry have been evaluated. The conclusion from the evaluation of the regulations is that the regulation for floating fish farms is the least strict regulation. The purpose of this report is to enlighten the need for new thinking for design criteria for offshore feed barges by doing a hydrodynamic analysis in HydroD by using WADAM and potential theory applied to a panel model. The computer program is a recognized program developed by DNV. The model in this report is a design which is believed to be the best design for exposed areas. The model is analyzed in both hydrostatic and hydrodynamic conditions. The hydrostatic analyses conclude that the barge is stable and valid for operation in Norwegian waters. For the hydrodynamic analysis it as assumed two different locations with different wave data to enlighten the need to design a barge to a specific location. There is also assumed extra restoring as simulation of mooring. The result from the hydrodynamic analyses is used to evaluate the required freeboard for each location and the motions and accelerations of the barge. The results show that the barge in both locations will experience water on deck already for significant wave height of 2 meters, which actually is low even for the regulations today. The rotation and acceleration results are compared against limits for human tolerance and they show that there is a need for evaluating this in the design criteria.The conclusion is that the regulation valid today for fish farming is insufficient for offshore fish farming and that it is possible to look towards the offshore industry for leads on how the regulations should be formed. For the future it would be appropriate to change the design criteria and design of the feed barge if the fish farming is to be moved further offshore.
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Arpin, Frederic N. "Multi-feed spatial power combining reflectarrays". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26566.
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In order to have increased bandwidth, future wireless communications systems will use millimeter-wave frequencies. Such systems will require antennas with relatively high gain and sources with sufficient power. Spatial power combining provides an attractive alternative to these issues. This thesis develops a means of combining the antenna and spatial power-combining functions in a single device. We formulate a design procedure that allows multiple feeds to illuminate a reflectarray that will give a single-beam. The reflectarray acts both as a spatial-power combiner and as the antenna. Unlike previous work that has been done on spatial power-combining reflectarrays, the proposed design does not involve the integration of any active devices. The new design procedure for a multi-feed spatial power-combining reflectarray was first applied to a two-feed reflectarray which was fabricated and tested as a proof of concept. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Leite, Rafael Fernandes [UNESP]. "Feed digestion of growing Saanen goats". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124101.
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000832495.pdf: 500908 bytes, checksum: d28d71caf64194fbb19d1187888295ae (MD5)O objetivo principal foi determinar a contribuição dos diferentes segmentos do trato gastrointestinal (TGI) para a digestão da fibra. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos, os quais foram determinados o tempo médio de retenção (TMR) de partículas e líquido, conteúdo e pesos dos tecidos nos diferentes segmentos pelo método do abate. O primeiro estudo avaliou TMR de partículas e líquido de cabritos Saanen em crescimento de diferentes sexos e submetidos a diferentes níveis de restrição alimentar. Foram utilizados 54 cabritos da raça Saanen (18 fêmeas, 18 machos castrados e 18 machos inteiros) em um arranjo fatorial 3 × 3 que compreendeu os três sexos e três níveis de restrição alimentar (ad libitum / sem restrição, restrição moderada e severa). Contrastes polinomiais foram utilizados para determinar o efeito linear e quadrático da restrição alimentar, enquanto o efeito do sexo foi comparado pelo teste de Tukey. Os efeitos do sexo e interação entre sexo e restrição alimentar não foram significativos na maioria das variáveis avaliadas. A restrição alimentar aumentou o TMR de partículas e fluído. O TMR foi um recurso importante para aumentar a oferta de nutrientes, quando os animais foram submetidos à restrição alimentar, como indicado pelo aumento da digestibilidade total. O segundo estudo avaliou aspectos fisiológicos da digestão da fibra, retenção de partículas e líquido, conteúdo e peso dos tecidos em todo o TGI de cabritos da raça Saanen. O total de 58 cabritos da raça Saanen foram aleatoriamente dispostos em um arranjo fatorial 3 × 3, composto por três sexos (fêmeas, machos castrados, machos inteiros) e três pesos de abate (aproximadamente 16, 23, e 30 kg de peso no abate). Os efeitos do tratamento foram avaliados em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com o sexo como efeito principal e peso de abate como sub parcela. Contrastes polinomiais foram utilizados para determinar os efeitos ...
The main objective was to assess the contribution of different segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to the fiber digestion. Two experiments were conducted, which mean retention time (MRT) of particulate and liquid matter, pool size, and tissues weight in different segments were determined by slaughter technique. The study one evaluated MRT of particulate and liquid matter in growing Saanen goats of different sexes and subjected to different levels of feed restriction. Fifty-four Saanen goats (18 each of females, castrated males and intact males) were used in a 3×3 factorial arrangement comprising the three sexes and three levels of feed restriction (unrestricted/ad libitum, moderate and severe restriction). Polynomial contrasts were used to determine linear and quadratic effect of feed restriction, while the effect of sex was compared by Tukey test. The effects of sex and the interaction between sex and feed restriction were not significant on most of variables evaluated. In conclusion, the level of feed restriction increased the MRT of particulate and liquid matter. The MRT was an important mechanism to increase nutrient supply when animals were subjected to feed restriction, as indicated by increased total tract digestibility. The second study examined physiological aspects in the digestion of fiber, particulate and liquid matter residence, pool size, and tissues weight in the whole tract of growing Saanen goats. A total of 58 Saanen goats were disposed in a 3×3 factorial arrangement consisting of three sexes (female, castrated males, intact males) and three slaughter weights (target BW 16, 23, and 30 kg at slaughter). Treatment effects were evaluated in a split-plot design, with sex as the main plot and slaughter weight as the subplot. Polynomial contrasts were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of slaughter weight. Thus increased BW at slaughter resulted in greater MRT of particulate and liquid matter in ...
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Ng, Kenneth. "Modelling and control of feed drives". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36802.
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Feed drives are used in positioning of machine tools. The drives are actuated either by linear or rotary servo motors. The ball screw drives are driven by rotary motors; hence they have flexibility and added friction due to nut interface. Direct drives are driven by linear motors which have more mechanical stiffness, but less disturbance rejection due to missing load reduction mechanism. This thesis presents the modelling and control of drives with rigid and flexible structures.
A single degree of freedom flexible oscillator is mounted on a high speed, rigid feed drive table for experimental illustration of system identification and the active control method proposed in the thesis. The rigid feed drive dynamics include the mechanical component of the rigid body mass and viscous damping, and the electrical component of the power amplifier and motor. The flexible component is modelled by springs, mass and damping elements. Both rigid and flexible dynamics of the system are identified experimentally through unbiased least square, sine sweep and impact model tests. The vibration of the single degree of freedom system is actively damped by an acceleration feedback inserted in the velocity loop. A Kalman filter is used to minimize the drift and noise on the acceleration measurements. The position loop is closed with a proportional controller.
It is experimentally demonstrated that the vibrations of the flexible structure can be well damped. However, the acceleration feedback used at the resonance frequency greatly minimizes the bandwidth close to the vibration frequency. Further methods need to be used to expand the bandwidth beyond the natural frequency of the flexible structure by coping with the anti-resonant effect of the acceleration feedback.
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Starling, Dan A. Jr. "Propellant feed control for ion engines". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8868.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedAn overview of space electric propulsion (SEP) is presented. Methods of throttling the power levels of electrostatic and electromagnetic thrusters are discussed. Particular attention is given to the concept of thermally- throttling propellant flow using the temperature-viscosity characteristics of xenon gas. The thermoproperties of xenon gas as a function of temperature are determined, and the flow regimes of the propellant at the mass flow rates of interest are studied. The propellant flow is presented separately as Fanno flow and as Rayleigh flow, and then those combined effects are considered. A method for predicting the performance of thermally-throttled systems is presented. Uncertainties in modeling real-world thermal throttling systems are discussed. The possible use of thermal throttling characteristics as a means of propellant pressure regulation is also examined.
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Chadd, Stephen Andrew. "Voluntary feed intake of hybrid pigs". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254507.
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Conjeevaram, Krishnakumar Naveen Kartik. "A Bayesian approach to feed reconstruction". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82414.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-86).
In this thesis, we developed a Bayesian approach to estimate the detailed composition of an unknown feedstock in a chemical plant by combining information from a few bulk measurements of the feedstock in the plant along with some detailed composition information of a similar feedstock that was measured in a laboratory. The complexity of the Bayesian model combined with the simplex-type constraints on the weight fractions makes it difficult to sample from the resulting high-dimensional posterior distribution. We reviewed and implemented different algorithms to generate samples from this posterior that satisfy the given constraints. We tested our approach on a data set from a plant.
by Naveen Kartik Conjeevaram Krishnakumar.
S.M.
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Leite, Rafael Fernandes. "Feed digestion of growing Saanen goats /". Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124101.
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Orientador: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida TeixeiraBanca: Gustavo Rezende Siqueira
Banca: Antonello Cannas
Banca: Gilberto de Lima Macedo Junior
Banca: Renata Helena Branco Arnandes
Resumo: O objetivo principal foi determinar a contribuição dos diferentes segmentos do trato gastrointestinal (TGI) para a digestão da fibra. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos, os quais foram determinados o tempo médio de retenção (TMR) de partículas e líquido, conteúdo e pesos dos tecidos nos diferentes segmentos pelo método do abate. O primeiro estudo avaliou TMR de partículas e líquido de cabritos Saanen em crescimento de diferentes sexos e submetidos a diferentes níveis de restrição alimentar. Foram utilizados 54 cabritos da raça Saanen (18 fêmeas, 18 machos castrados e 18 machos inteiros) em um arranjo fatorial 3 × 3 que compreendeu os três sexos e três níveis de restrição alimentar (ad libitum / sem restrição, restrição moderada e severa). Contrastes polinomiais foram utilizados para determinar o efeito linear e quadrático da restrição alimentar, enquanto o efeito do sexo foi comparado pelo teste de Tukey. Os efeitos do sexo e interação entre sexo e restrição alimentar não foram significativos na maioria das variáveis avaliadas. A restrição alimentar aumentou o TMR de partículas e fluído. O TMR foi um recurso importante para aumentar a oferta de nutrientes, quando os animais foram submetidos à restrição alimentar, como indicado pelo aumento da digestibilidade total. O segundo estudo avaliou aspectos fisiológicos da digestão da fibra, retenção de partículas e líquido, conteúdo e peso dos tecidos em todo o TGI de cabritos da raça Saanen. O total de 58 cabritos da raça Saanen foram aleatoriamente dispostos em um arranjo fatorial 3 × 3, composto por três sexos (fêmeas, machos castrados, machos inteiros) e três pesos de abate (aproximadamente 16, 23, e 30 kg de peso no abate). Os efeitos do tratamento foram avaliados em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com o sexo como efeito principal e peso de abate como sub parcela. Contrastes polinomiais foram utilizados para determinar os efeitos ...
Abstract: The main objective was to assess the contribution of different segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to the fiber digestion. Two experiments were conducted, which mean retention time (MRT) of particulate and liquid matter, pool size, and tissues weight in different segments were determined by slaughter technique. The study one evaluated MRT of particulate and liquid matter in growing Saanen goats of different sexes and subjected to different levels of feed restriction. Fifty-four Saanen goats (18 each of females, castrated males and intact males) were used in a 3×3 factorial arrangement comprising the three sexes and three levels of feed restriction (unrestricted/ad libitum, moderate and severe restriction). Polynomial contrasts were used to determine linear and quadratic effect of feed restriction, while the effect of sex was compared by Tukey test. The effects of sex and the interaction between sex and feed restriction were not significant on most of variables evaluated. In conclusion, the level of feed restriction increased the MRT of particulate and liquid matter. The MRT was an important mechanism to increase nutrient supply when animals were subjected to feed restriction, as indicated by increased total tract digestibility. The second study examined physiological aspects in the digestion of fiber, particulate and liquid matter residence, pool size, and tissues weight in the whole tract of growing Saanen goats. A total of 58 Saanen goats were disposed in a 3×3 factorial arrangement consisting of three sexes (female, castrated males, intact males) and three slaughter weights (target BW 16, 23, and 30 kg at slaughter). Treatment effects were evaluated in a split-plot design, with sex as the main plot and slaughter weight as the subplot. Polynomial contrasts were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of slaughter weight. Thus increased BW at slaughter resulted in greater MRT of particulate and liquid matter in ...
Doutor
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Francis, Jesse. "SENSORY ANALYSIS OF EQUINE FEED PRODUCTS". OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1787.
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Three experiments were conducted to investigate factors that may influence horse and consumer preference of equine feed products. The first experiment was a two-phase study designed to investigate the impact of oil-based palatants on horse preference when topically applied to a pelleted diet. In Phase One, treatment diets containing six palatants (banana, anise, apple, peppermint, spearmint, and orange) were compared to a control diet (corn oil) in a paired preference test. Phase Two then compared three palatants (anise, apple, and peppermint) to each other. Preference testing was comprised of a 15 second olfaction period followed by a 3 minute consumption period and first diet sniffed, first diet consumed, first action, aversive behaviors, excessive salivation, amount consumed, and number of chews were recorded. Results from Phase One revealed that orange negatively impacted palatability indicated by less consumption when compared to the control (P = 0.02), though there was no impact on chews per gram. No difference between control and treatment diets for first sniff or first consumed was observed when analyzed individually in either Phase One or Two, though there was a moderate positive correlation (ф = 0.39, P = 0.04) between olfaction and consumption during the peppermint and anise comparison. Consumption as the first action was consistent across all trials (P < 0.05). Anise was preferred over apple and peppermint as indicated by higher total consumption (P < 0.05) in Phase Two. The second experiment was designed to compare horse and consumer preferences of two horse treats products. Horses were presented with two different treat products in a paired preference test comprised of separate olfaction and consumption periods. Additionally, consumers evaluated the two different horse treat products separately for purchase intent as well as consumer preference using a Hedonic ranking scale of the sensory attributes. Consumer data were analyzed by comparing 1) the preferences of horse owning participants to non-horse owning participants, and 2) horse owning participants preference for the two different treat products. No difference was observed for first product sniffed, consumed, or finished during the horse preference test. However, moderate positive correlations were observed between first product sniffed and consumed (P = 0.01, ф = 0.40) as well as first product consumed and finished (P < 0.01, ф = 0.48). Consumer testing revealed lower ratings for Product A in size (P = 0.01), texture (P = 0.02), and purchase intent (P = 0.02) from horses owners when compared to non-horse owners. Horse owners rated Product A lower in appearance (P < 0.01), texture (P < 0.01), size (P < 0.01), and purchase intent (P < 0.01) than Product B.The third project investigated the influence of packaging on shelf life stability and horse preference of treats. Three packaging treatments (control, poly, and paper) were examined at five time points over a 12-month period. Treatments were analyzed for moisture, water activity, mold, yeast, pH, and volatile organic acids. Horse preference testing evaluated first treatment sniffed, consumed, and finished as well as number of treats consumed. Moisture content and water activity increased in all treatments (P < 0.01) from month 0 to month 12, with paper packaging providing a greater fluctuation and containing visible mold at month 12 (P < 0.01). No difference was observed for first treatment sniffed, consumed, or finished during preference testing. However a trend (P = 0.09) for the period*treatment interaction was observed for number of treats consumed, with a poly increasing while paper decreased. These data indicate that 1) palatants and packaging material influence horse preference of feed products, and 2) both horse and consumer testing should be considered during product development to maximize acceptance.
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Durnan, Gregory J. "Parasitic Feed Elements for Reflector Antennas". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368077.
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The use of parasitic wire dipoles are examined when placed in the proximity of a focused dipole feed in a parabolic reflector antenna. These parasitic elements are rotated around the feed dipole and a search is performed for the ideal positioning so as to yield maximum radiated power and main beam shift in order to develop a novel form of angle diversity. In addition a comparison is made between 2 element dipole feed structures and linearly and circularly polarised patch feed structures. In order to analytically model the structure, mutual coupling between feed elements is calculated taking into account a varying reflection coe±cient due to an impedance mismatch between the transmission line and driven element. An analytical treatment of the calculation of the radiated co-polar and cross-polar feed pattern is presented in addition to the projected field at the reflector surface. A comparison is made to the results presented by E.M.T Jones in the 1954 IRE Transactions of Antennas and Propagation paper entitled 'Paraboloid Reflector and Hyperboloid Lens Antennas'. A theoretical treatment of the reflected field and far field radiation pattern is then presented using the methods of Geometrical Optics, Physical Optics and Fourier analysis. The author derives analytical equations for multiple element incident feed fields and surface current equations for half wave feeds of arbitrary position and number. The fndings are confirmed using a comparison of three methods. These are; original code developed from analytical derivations, the NEC2 Method of Moments using a meshed reflector model and finally, by experimental methods. Analysis of a 30cm 0.4 F/D prime focus reflector at 3GHz using a 2 element feed yields up to 2dB gain over a single dipole feed when the element is displaced either laterally or at 60 or 120 degrees from the feed axis. The optimum offset from the driven element is in the 0.4 to 0.6¸ range. Maximum beam shift for this structure at the half power points is shown to be approximately 10 degrees. When designed as a low-cost system with undemanding polarisation requirements the structure presented provides an easily implemented or retrofitted alternative to multiple antenna diversity solutions.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Microelectronic Engineering
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