Artículos de revistas: "Feed and Food"

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W., G. "Food to Feed". Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 41, n.º 1 (febrero de 2000): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001088040004100115.

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Zentek, Jürgen. "Feed for food". International Journal of Food Microbiology 145 (marzo de 2011): S5—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.12.016.

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Raymond, M. "Food and feed security". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (abril de 2009): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200030775.

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Food security is a global issue. General acceptance of the UN prediction that the world must increase food production by at least 50% in the next 20 years, and at least 100% in the next 40. Climate change and water availability will make this extremely challenging.

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Kavishe, Faith F., Percy Chimwamurombe y Jeya Kennedy. "A Survey of Genetically Modified Foods and Feed in Namibian Supermarkets". Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2, n.º 8 (30 de agosto de 2022): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2022.v02i08.003.

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The current study was carried out to survey if genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are present in feeds and foods found in local supermarkets in Namibia. Little is known of the presence and prevalence of GMOs in the local supermarkets or information available on the labelling provided on some. The aim was to prove the absence or existence of GMOs in the foods and feeds by means of molecular extraction and screening procedures. Samples purposefully selected were nine (6 food and 3 chicken feed samples). DNA was extracted from them, and they were screened by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and the terminator of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid nopaline synthase gene (NOS) that are commonly found in transgene constructs. Screening results indicated that GMOs were present in the 3 chicken feed samples, absent in 1 food sample, present in 3 food samples and the other 2 food samples’ results were inconclusive. These results and survey information reveal the extent of GMOs in the food chain in supermarkets in Namibia and highlight the need for regulatory bodies in the food and feed industry to protect consumers from being misled by absence of properly informative labels on genetic modifications.

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Kamle, Madhu, Dipendra Kumar Mahato, Akansha Gupta, Shikha Pandhi, Nitya Sharma, Bharti Sharma, Sadhna Mishra et al. "Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies". Toxins 14, n.º 2 (23 de enero de 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020085.

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Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by different species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus. CIT can contaminate a wide range of foods and feeds at any time during the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages. CIT can be usually found in beans, fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, herbs and spices, and dairy products, as well as red mold rice. CIT exerts nephrotoxic and genotoxic effects in both humans and animals, thereby raising concerns regarding the consumption of CIT-contaminated food and feed. Hence, to minimize the risk of CIT contamination in food and feed, understanding the incidence of CIT occurrence, its sources, and biosynthetic pathways could assist in the effective implementation of detection and mitigation measures. Therefore, this review aims to shed light on sources of CIT, its prevalence in food and feed, biosynthetic pathways, and genes involved, with a major focus on detection and management strategies to ensure the safety and security of food and feed.

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Giamouri, E., A. C. Pappas, G. Papadomichelakis, E. Tsiplakou, K. Sotirakoglou, N. Markakis, F. Galliou et al. "The food for feed concept. Performance of broilers fed hotel food residues". British Poultry Science 62, n.º 3 (12 de febrero de 2021): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2021.1877258.

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Sandström, Vilma, Anna Chrysafi, Marjukka Lamminen, Max Troell, Mika Jalava, Johannes Piipponen, Stefan Siebert, Ollie van Hal, Vili Virkki y Matti Kummu. "Food system by-products upcycled in livestock and aquaculture feeds can increase global food supply". Nature Food 3, n.º 9 (19 de septiembre de 2022): 729–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00589-6.

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AbstractMany livestock and aquaculture feeds compete for resources with food production. Increasing the use of food system by-products and residues as feed could reduce this competition. We gathered data on global food system material flows for crop, livestock and aquaculture production, focusing on feed use and the availability of by-products and residues. We then analysed the potential of replacing food-competing feedstuff—here cereals, whole fish, vegetable oils and pulses that account for 15% of total feed use—with food system by-products and residues. Considering the nutritional requirements of food-producing animals, including farmed aquatic species, this replacement could increase the current global food supply by up to 13% (10–16%) in terms of kcal and 15% (12–19%) in terms of protein content. Increasing the use of food system by-products as feed has considerable potential, particularly when combined with other measures, in the much-needed transition towards circular food systems.

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Widayati, Trisiwi Wahyu, Bernaddeta Wahyuni Irianti Rahayu, Dwi Djoko Rahardjo y Budi Santoso. "The Utilization of Agricultural and Food Industry Wastes as Feed of Grower Pigs in Manokwari Regency West Papua". ANIMAL PRODUCTION 20, n.º 3 (26 de septiembre de 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2018.20.3.723.

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The aim of this study was to find out the potential of agricultural and food industry wastes as the constituents of pig feed to improve pigs’ performance and to reduce the feeding cost. This study was conducted at Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province. The agricultural and food industry wastes were collected from two traditional market, and four small-scale food industries. All materials used as feed were proximately analyzed to determine their nutritional values. Average daily gain, feed consumption and feed coversion ratio were taken to determine the pigs performance. Feed cost using local market prices was estimated in knowing the ability of agricultural and food industry wastes to substitutes commercial feed. The result of this research indicates that the use of agricultural and food industries wastes as an alternative components of pigs’ feed to substitute the commercial feed do not reduce the pigs’ performance and production. Among three feeds that use of agricultural and food industry wastes, feed with the combination of 75% waste and 25% commercial feed had the best feed conversion ratio, namely 2.36. On the other hand, a mixture of 25% wastes and 75% commercial feed was the most economic one, and able to reduce the feeding cost of grower pig up to 48.00%.Key words: agricultural waste, food industry wastes, grower period, pig, feed

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Yen, A. L. y J. Van Itterbeeck. "No taxonomists? No progress". Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2, n.º 4 (24 de octubre de 2016): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2016.x004.

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Western societies currently show considerable interest in using insects as human food and/or as animal feed to reduce loss of habitats, use less energy to produce the food or feed in much smaller spaces, and to provide foods and feeds of high nutritional values. There appears to be emphasis on a small number of species for practical reasons: the domestic cricket, mealworms, and the black soldier fly seem to be the main species. There are most probably practical reasons for this emphasis including: the efficiency in building on established knowledge, the extensive use of model species in academic research, and, related to the two former reasons, the need for highly successful projects showing that insects indeed can be the food of the future. While practical reasons are often legitimate, the adoption of a small number of insect species as food and feed is contradictory to the concept that edible insect diversity will help feed the world. An emphasis on further building up knowledge of a small number of species will receive criticism that is very similar to the criticism on the use of a small number of vertebrate or plant species as food.

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De Boevre, M., J. Diana Di Mavungu, S. Landschoot, K. Audenaert, M. Eeckhout, P. Maene, G. Haesaert y S. De Saeger. "Natural occurrence of mycotoxins and their masked forms in food and feed products". World Mycotoxin Journal 5, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2012): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2012.1410.

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A total of 174 cereal-based food products, 67 compound feeds and 19 feed raw materials were analysed for the occurrence of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, zearalenone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, and their respective masked forms, including deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, zearalenone-4-glucoside, α-zearalenol-4-glucoside, β-zearalenol-4-glucoside and zearalenone-4-sulfate. Fibre-enriched bread, bran-enriched bread, cornflakes, popcorn and oatmeal were collected in Belgian supermarkets from April 2010 to October 2011. All food samples analysed were contaminated with an average of 2 to 6 mycotoxins, including 1 to 3 masked forms. Feed raw materials that were used in the analysed compound feeds were collected by the manufacturer. Feed raw materials included were beet pulp, sunflower seed meal, soy bean, soy peel, oats, barley, maize germs, maize gluten feed, maize, wheat gluten feed, wheat bran pellets, wheat bran and wheat. Beet pulp, sunflower seed meal, soy bean and soy peel were hardly contaminated. The feed raw materials that were mostly infected with deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and derivatives were maize and its by-products. Also, the glucosylated and sulfated forms occurred in substantial amounts. As well, wheat and its by-products were contaminated with α-zearalenol (wheat gluten feed and wheat bran) and zearalenone (wheat). The contamination pattern and level of feed raw materials were reflected in the corresponding compound feeds.

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11

den Hartog, Johan. "Feed for Food: HACCP in the animal feed industry". Food Control 14, n.º 2 (marzo de 2003): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-7135(02)00111-1.

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12

Wood, Garnett E. "Aflatoxins in Domestic and Imported Foods and Feeds". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, n.º 4 (1 de julio de 1989): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.4.543.

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Abstract Aflatoxins, metabolic products of the molds Aspergillus flams and A. parasiticus, may occur in foods and feeds. These toxins cannot be entirely avoided or eliminated from foods or feeds by current agronomic and manufacturing processes and are considered unavoidable contaminants. To limit aflatoxin exposure, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set action levels for these toxins in foods and feeds involved in interstate commerce. FDA continually monitors food and feed industries through compliance programs. This report summarizes data generated from compliance programs on aflatoxins for the fiscal year 1986. Commodities sampled included peanuts and peanut products, corn and corn products, tree nuts, cottonseed, milk, spices, manufactured products, and miscellaneous foods and feeds. Correlations were highest between aflatoxin contamination and geographical areas for corn/corn products and cottonseed/cottonseed meal. Higher incidences of aflatoxin contamination in corn and corn products designated for human consumption were observed in samples collected in the southeastern states (32 and 28%, respectively). A higher incidence of contamination was observed in corn designated for animal feed from Arkansas-Texas (74%) than from the southeastern states (47%). Only 3% of feed corn from corn belt states contained detectable aflatoxins. All aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed was collected in the Arizona-California area; 80% of cottonseed meal analyzed from this area also contained detectable levels of aflatoxins. No aflatoxin Mi was detected in any of the 182 samples of fluid milk and milk products examined. The percentage of samples that contain measurable levels of aflatoxins is expected to vary with commodities from year to year; thus, the 1986 information can be used as a baseline for comparison to determine the effectiveness of control efforts exerted by the food and feed industries.

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13

Lähteenmäki-Uutela, A., S. B. Marimuthu y N. Meijer. "Regulations on insects as food and feed: a global comparison". Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7, n.º 5 (13 de agosto de 2021): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2020.0066.

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Insects, as a food and or feed source, represent an emerging protein source relevant to farmers, feed companies, food companies and food marketers globally. The growth of this industry is somewhat restricted due to outdated food and feed regulations covering insect use. The regulations also do not allow the use of all potential insects as food and feed. Governments aim to ensure food and feed safety, and each country has its own substantive and procedural rules for this purpose. However, the regulatory demands and differences between countries complicate the international marketing strategies for insect products. Food and feed regulation are separate; feed regulation may allow insect usage even when they are not allowed as food. Some countries have specific rules for novel foods, while others do not. This paper compares insect food and feed regulation of the primary production and marketing areas: the European Union, the United States, Canada, and Australia. In addition, the situation in selected countries in Central and South America, Asia and Africa is also discussed.

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14

Mechkirrou, Latifa, Mohammed Ouhssine y Mohamed El Amine Afilal. "Valorisation of food waste as new raw materials in broiler feed". E3S Web of Conferences 240 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124003003.

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In Morocco, the food waste fraction constitutes a large part of the total municipal solid waste generated. In order to promote this fraction as a feed source for poultry, a study was carried out to evaluate its digestive and metabolic effects, as well as its nutritional value on broilers. Indeed, comparative tests were carried out on two separate batches of small broilers fed, successively, with a commercial compound feed (CCF), and a feed prepared in the laboratory using kitchen waste as a substitute (LPF). The results obtained throughout the rearing period revealed the feasibility of the valorization of food waste as a substitute promoted in the poultry feed sector. In addition, the prefabricated feeds gave the same feed consumption index (1.03), compared to the commercial compound feed applied in the same rearing farm, while the weight gain index results were more advantageous for FPL. The study demonstrates the valorisation of feed waste as a new substitute for poultry feed.

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Schingoethe, David J. "Byproduct Feeds: Feed Analysis and Interpretation". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 7, n.º 2 (julio de 1991): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30787-8.

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Lähteenmäki-Uutela, Anu, Moona Rahikainen, María Teresa Camarena-Gómez, Jonna Piiparinen, Kristian Spilling y Baoru Yang. "European Union legislation on macroalgae products". Aquaculture International 29, n.º 2 (20 de enero de 2021): 487–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00633-x.

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AbstractMacroalgae-based products are increasing in demand also in Europe. In the European Union, each category of macroalgae-based products is regulated separately. We discuss EU legislation, including the law on medicinal products, foods including food supplements and food additives, feed and feed additives, cosmetics, packaging materials, fertilizers and biostimulants, as well as biofuels. Product safety and consumer protection are the priorities with any new products. Macroalgae products can be sold as traditional herbal medicines. The novel food regulation applies to macroalgae foods that have not previously been used as food, and organic macroalgae are a specific regulatory category. The maximum levels of heavy metals may be a barrier for macroalgae foods, feeds, and fertilizers. Getting health claims approved for foods based on macroalgae is demanding. In addition to the rules on products, the macroalgae business is strongly impacted by the elements of the general regulatory environment such as agricultural/aquacultural subsidies, maritime spatial planning and aquaculture licensing, public procurement criteria, tax schemes, and trade agreements.

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Tacon, Albert G. J. y Marc Metian. "Aquaculture Feed and Food Safety". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1140, n.º 1 (octubre de 2008): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1454.003.

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Bordon, Yvonne. "Food additives feed the fire". Nature Reviews Immunology 15, n.º 4 (6 de marzo de 2015): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri3833.

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Diaz, Luis F. "Food Waste to Animal Feed". Waste Management 22, n.º 5 (agosto de 2002): 570–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(01)00017-4.

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Giec, A. y J. Skupin. "Single cell protein as food and feed". Food / Nahrung 32, n.º 3 (1988): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19880320302.

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Esbensen, Kim H., Claudia Paoletti y Nancy Thiex. "Representative Sampling for Food and Feed Materials: A Critical Need for Food/Feed Safety". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 2015): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sge_esbensen_intro.

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Thiex, N., C. Paoletti y K. Esbensen. "Representative sampling for food and feed materials: a critical need for food/feed safety". TOS Forum 2013, n.º 1 (9 de junio de 2015): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/tosf.70.

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Mercer, Donald G. "Extrusion Problems Solved: Food, Pet Food and Feed". Trends in Food Science & Technology 28, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2012): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2012.05.001.

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Panov, Valeriy, Sergey Mustaev, Aleksandr Safonov, Stanislava Safonova y Anastasia Zolotova. "Influence of free choice of feed on the productive qualities of two-year-old carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in ponds". E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127303004.

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The results of research on the effect of feed with different feeding values and organoleptic properties on the productivity of two-year-old carp are presented. Within the same pond, the joint use of demand feeders (feeds with different tastes) makes it possible for fish to choose one of them in response to well-developed chemoreception. Diets of different calories affect the quality of the resulting fish production at different feed consumption. The combination of two feed types within one pond provides fish food savings per gain, despite the higher total consumption. Two-year-old fish give preference to more high-energy fish food. At the same time, fish consume 1/3–1/4 of low-energy food, regardless of the feeding time. The mass of fish consuming only low-energy fish food is 1.7 and 2.6 times less than that of fish consuming only high-energy fish food and fish simultaneously consuming these two foods, respectively. Combined feeding contributes to an increase in the relative muscle mass, primarily in comparison with fish fed only a high-energy diet. Fish-farming biological characteristics indicate higher fish yielding qualities in the case of simultaneous use of two types of feed (K-111 and Karp-38/12). Taste priorities must be considered in aquaculture fish farming.

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Nesvadbová, Michaela, Aleš Knoll y Anna Vašátková. "Selection of the most suitable method for the extraction of DNA from foods and feeds for species identification". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, n.º 2 (2010): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058020169.

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High quality and purity of DNA isolated from food and feed is essential for species identification and has unpredictable influences an effect of analysis. In this study, the efficiency of eight different methods for DNA isolation was investigated. For DNA extraction, the raw chicken meet, ham, sausages, tinned lunch meat, pate, tinned feeds for dogs, complete granulated feeds for dogs and chicken flour were used. Kits of several different producers, i.e.: NucleoSpin Food (Marchery-Nagel), Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega), Invisorb Spin Food Kit I (Invitek), Wizard SV Genomic DNA Purification System (Promega), JetQuick Tissue DNA Spin Kit (Genomed), RNA Blue (Top-Bio), JetQuick Blood & Cell Culture Kit (Genomed), QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen) were employed in the study. Gel agarose electrophoresis for primary verification of DNA quality was performed. The isolates were subsequently assessed for quantity and quality using by spectrophotometer Nanodrop 2000 (Thermo Scientific). To verify of template usability and quality of isolated DNA, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used.Differences between isolated DNA from tinned products and meat, ham, sausage, granulated dog feed and chicken flour were found. In tinned food and feed, the DNA was more degraded, DNA content and DNA purity was lower and also PCR amplification was the most difficult. Overall DNA yield and quality have important influence on PCR products amplification. The best results were obtained with NucleoSpin Food and JetQuick Tissue DNA Spin Kit. DNA extracted by these methods proved highest yields, purity and template quality in all foods and feeds and the results of PCR analysis are excellent reproducible. Analyses showed that results depended on different food or feed using and different isolation system.The results of this work will be utilized to choose the suitable isolating kit for educational course, which is designed for students and also for following research and analyses.

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Hruska, K. y M. Franek. "Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed: the semicarbazide notifications". Veterinární Medicína 54, No. 11 (23 de diciembre de 2009): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/133/2009-cjfs.

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The recently instituted and easily accessible Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) has been tested on the semicarbazid (SEM), the residue of veterinary antibiotic nitrofurazone, using the RASFF Database Portal launched in July 2009 by the European Commission. The database holds weekly overviews, published by the EU for 30 years from 1979 and offers a number of other possibilities, such as searching for subjects of notification, the date of notification, notifying countries and product categories, countries of product origin and distribution. There is no doubt that the new database portal is an important contribution of the European Union to food safety and consumer protection.

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Kosenko, Yu M., L. E. Zaruma, O. S. Vezdenko y O. S. Shkilnyk. "PET FOOD ON THE MARKET OF UKRAINE". Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, n.º 2 (27 de octubre de 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-2.07.

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Domestic and foreign production pet food has been subject to state authorization in Ukraine for 20 years. Each prescription of the finished product provided authorization, so the process of their manufacturing and turnover met the requirements of national legislation, which ensured their rational use. The new Law of Ukraine “On Feed Safety and Hygiene” adopted in 2017 brought Ukrainian legislation closer to the norms in force in the EU Member States. However, this Law introduced a new system of authorization of feed additives, but not the finished feed. Requirements for feed production are supervised by a number of regulations, which include the requirements of the European Federation of Food Manufacturers (FEDIAF) for animals and the ISO 22 000 standard, which ensures hygiene, quality, and safety of use. The manuscript illustrates the analysis of the authorized pet food in Ukraine during 2015- 2019, which is necessary for the further development of the domestic market of these products. The prime purpose of this study was the quantitative and qualitative analysis of feed for non- productive animals with the determination of their percentages in the list of the authorized, which differ in types, production forms, animal species for which they are intended. Regulatory stipulations for pet food include mandatory requirements for determining their species, categories, and quantities of feed additives, feed materials, and labeling. The presented characteristics of available pet food on the Ukrainian market during 2015-2019 showed that the broad majority of feeds, 91%, were imported. The compound pet food dominated the study list, and dietary pet food accounted for only 6% of the total range. Pet food is dry and wet or semi-moist. The results of the study revealed the share of dry and wet feeds, and the specifics of their production forms identified. The most common in the list of analyzed pet food was dry, intended for all types of non-productive animals. Wet pet food occupies a slightly smaller share, mainly used for dogs and cats. Dry pet food in the form of pellets and wet pet food in the form of meat or fish pieces were the main groups of food for dogs and cats. This study showed that imported pet food products for non-productive animals dominated in the Ukrainian market, but a tendency to introduce domestic pet food by increasing production by leading national companies present.

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Alshannaq, Ahmad y Jae-Hyuk Yu. "Analysis of E.U. Rapid Alert System (RASFF) Notifications for Aflatoxins in Exported U.S. Food and Feed Products for 2010–2019". Toxins 13, n.º 2 (26 de enero de 2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020090.

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The most common, toxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxins found in human food and animal feed are the aflatoxins (AFs). The United States is a leading exporter of various nuts, with a marketing value of $9.1 billion in 2019; the European Union countries are the major importers of U.S. nuts. In the past few years, border rejections and notifications for U.S. tree nuts and peanuts exported to the E.U. countries have increased due to AF contamination. In this work, we analyzed notifications from the “Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF)” on U.S. food and feed products contaminated with mycotoxins, primarily AFs, for the 10-year period 2010–2019. Almost 95% of U.S. mycotoxin RASFF notifications were reported for foods and only 5% for feeds. We found that 98.9% of the U.S. food notifications on mycotoxins were due to the AF contamination in almond, peanut, and pistachio nuts. Over half of these notifications (57.9%) were due to total AF levels greater than the FDA action level in food of 20 ng g−1. The Netherlands issued 27% of the AF notifications for U.S. nuts. Border rejection was reported for more than 78% of AF notifications in U.S. nuts. All U.S. feed notifications on mycotoxins occurred due to the AF contamination. Our research contributes to better understanding the main reasons behind RASFF mycotoxins notifications of U.S. food and feed products destined to E.U. countries. Furthermore, we speculate possible causes of this problem and provide a potential solution that could minimize the number of notifications for U.S. agricultural export market.

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Mishina, Nailya N., Ivan N. Shtyrov, Zukhra H. Sagdeeva, Ramziya M. Potekhina, Oksana V. Shlyamina y Eduard I. Semyonov. "Determination of deoxynivalenol in feed, feed raw materials and food". Butlerov Communications 64, n.º 12 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-64-12-28.

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The article presents the survey data of 1830 average samples of feed, feed raw materials and food products received through the Test Center of the FSBSI «FCTRBS-RRVI»", provided by livestock and feed enterprises, agricultural companies, food manufacturers and 152 samples of feed provided by specialists of veterinary services , livestock enterprises, owners of peasant farms to determine the death of animals and birds, for the content of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in the period from 2018 to 2020. Determination of the DON content in the samples was carried out according to a certified procedure based on the method of thin layer chromatography. In the course of summarizing the results, it was found that samples of feed, feed raw materials and food products received through the Test Center of the of the FSBSI «FCTRBS-RRVI» from different regions of the Russian Federation in terms of DON content corresponded to the normative indicators specified in the current regulatory and technical documentation. When determining the cause of death of animals and birds, 152 samples were examined, received from farms of different regions of the Republics of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Mordovia, Kostroma and Ryazan regions. It was found that 1.97% of samples were contaminated with DON at concentrations from 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg of feed, in the rest, the content of mycotoxin was below the sensitivity of the method (< 0.2 mg/kg), which does not exceed the limit permissible concentration. It was recommended to exclude feed contaminated with mycotoxin from the diet of animals, since at the established concentrations, DON is not the main etiological factor in the death of animals, but due to the presence of carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, embryotoxic and immunosuppressive properties, together with other factors, it is contributing.

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Dusaev, H. B. y A. Kh Dusaeva. "Analysis of the region’s food supply". Normirovanie i oplata truda v sel'skom hozyajstve (Rationing and remuneration of labor in agriculture), n.º 3 (23 de marzo de 2023): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-06-2303-02.

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The article presents an analysis of the procurement and consumption of feed in the livestock industries of the Orenburg region for 2009–2018 and assesses the state of the fodder base of regional agricultural production, the main factors aff ecting the productivity of cattle and pigs due to the imbalance in the nutritional and energy value of feed. The trends in the development of feed production are systematized and measures are proposed to improve the state of feed production, ensuring sustainable development of agricultural production in the region. Based on the analysis of the state of feed production and the provision of animal husbandry industries with feed, the factors of dependence of animal productivity on the level of feeding and feed quality are scientifically substantiated; for the effective development of feed production, which affects the productivity and efficiency of production in animal husbandry, it is necessary to change the structure of crops and the eff ective use of natural hayfi elds and pastures; the identifi ed trends in feed production allowed us to substantiate and propose a set of priority measures for improving and improving the feed base, increasing the production and technical potential of feed production in the region.

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31

Delaney, Bryan, Richard E. Goodman y Gregory S. Ladics. "Food and Feed Safety of Genetically Engineered Food Crops". Toxicological Sciences 162, n.º 2 (4 de diciembre de 2017): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfx249.

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32

Aguiar, Danilo Rolim Dias de y Gabriella Nunes da Costa. "The impacts of the food-feed-fuel competition on Brazilian food supply". Revista de Economia e Agronegócio 15, n.º 2 (4 de septiembre de 2017): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25070/rea.v15i2.441.

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The impact of the so-called "food-feed-fuel competition" on hunger has been a major concern worldwide. In addition, the environmental impacts caused by increases in the production of certain foods have made food supplying even more challenging. As few studies have dealt with this issue in Brazil, this paper aims to evaluate the country's nutritional situation since 1995, focusing on the effects of producing animal feed and biofuels on both the domestic availability of food and the role of Brazil as a food supplier to foreign countries. We estimate the quantity of nutrients produced in the country, compare them with the necessities of Brazilians and estimate the population that could be fed by means of Brazilian exports. The results indicate that despite the food-feed-fuel competition, the supply of food has increased and has been sufficient to nourish all Brazilians plus a number even larger of foreigners. As food availability is adequate, the large number of Brazilians still exposed to undernourishment reflects the limited access to food by low-income consumers. We also conclude that Brazil could contribute even more to feed foreigners if policies were implemented aiming to induce farmers to produce a different sort of products.

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33

Bektursunova, M., A. Ospanov, V. Sidorova, N. Yanvareva, S. Zhiyenbayeva, S. Assylbekova y A. Mukhramova. "Changes in the quality indicators of extruded starter compound food for fish during storage". Journal of Almaty Technological University, n.º 3 (27 de septiembre de 2022): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2022-3-161-168.

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The dynamics of changes in the quality indicators of the starting compound feeds produced by extrusion for zander, clary catfish and tilapia during their storage for 10 months has been studied. Warehousing was carried out in the spring-summer period, the air temperature in the warehouse ranged from +5 to +25 °C; relative humidity - from 60 to 75 %. Sampling for analysis was carried out during storage, after 2, 4 and 10 months of storage. It was found that, during storage, the content of crude protein and fat does not undergo significant changes, an increase in the acid and peroxide numbers of fat is observed in all samples, the acid number of fat increased to 29,5 mg KOH/g in the feed for zander, to 28,3 mg KOH/g in the feed for clary catfish, and in the feed for tilapia to 26,84 mg KOH/g. The peroxide number of fat increased from 0,1 % iodine to 0,22 % iodine in the feed for zander, from 0,1 % iodine to 0,19 % iodine in the feed for clary catfish and in the feed for tilapia 0,1 % iodine to 0,18 % iodine. It is noted that in pike perch feeds for 10 months of storage, the peroxide number reached 0,22 % iodine with an acceptable deviation in parallel determination of 0,05 %, the remaining indicators for feed safety were at the limit level in terms of the content of peroxide and acid numbers of fat, it follows that the feed should not be stored for more than 10 months.

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34

Devendra, C., C. Sevilla y D. Pezo. "Food-Feed Systems in Asia - Review -". Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 14, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2001): 733–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2001.733.

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35

Fellows, Peter. "Editorial: insects for food and feed". Food Chain 4, n.º 2 (junio de 2014): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/2046-1887.2014.010.

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36

van Huis, A. "Insect pests as food and feed". Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 6, n.º 4 (11 de agosto de 2020): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2020.x004.

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When insects occur in large numbers, and these are often insect pests, people want to get rid of them. In countries where insects are already consumed, the idea of eating them is quickly formed. Harvesting them as food can be a strategy to replace other methods of control.

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37

Dolgov, V. A., S. A. Lavina, S. S. Kozak y D. V. Nikitchenko. "Biotesting feed, food and environment objects". RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries, n.º 3 (2014): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2014-3-63-72.

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38

Mancini, Simone. "Insects as sustainable feed and food". Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica 23, Monothematic Issue (1 de diciembre de 2020): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.mi-fpap.214-216.

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39

Gonçalves, Rui A., Dian Schatzmayr, Amaya Albalat y Simon Mackenzie. "Mycotoxins in aquaculture: feed and food". Reviews in Aquaculture 12, n.º 1 (10 de noviembre de 2018): 145–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raq.12310.

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40

Samson, R. A. "Filamentous fungi in food and feed". Journal of Applied Bacteriology 67 (diciembre de 1989): 27s—35s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb03767.x.

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41

Neuberger, M., R. Grossgut, J. Gyimothy y J. Leibetseder. "Dioxin contamination of feed and food". Lancet 355, n.º 9218 (mayo de 2000): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02295-9.

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42

Krska, Rudolf y Michel Nielen. "Rapid detection in food and feed". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 405, n.º 24 (23 de julio de 2013): 7717–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7223-4.

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43

N. AL-Sharafi, Nabeel M., Mohammed R. A. AL-Sharafi y Haider tuma Al-Kabbi. "Study the effect of coloration diet on Broiler Performance". Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 2, n.º 2 (30 de diciembre de 2011): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2011/v2i23899.

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The Effect of coloration feed on body weight & feed intake of broiler chickens. The objective of the study was to investigate the colcration of the feed by uses four colours feed (red,yellow,green and blue) on the body weight & feed intake of broiler chickens A total of 50 chicks of one-day fawbro broiler chicks as hatched were divided in to 5 equal group & equal in sex and added one of colour feed in to feed of the one of group and leave tee last group as acontrol group (given anormal feed not coloration). The mean body weight of red feed group was increase (286.3) gm comparative with the mean body weight of control group & (107.9) gm between red feed group and blue food group beside red feed group , (165.8)gm between red feed group and green feed group beside red food group ,(188.1) gm between red feed group and yellow feed group beside red feed group . The mean of feed intake was increas significantly in group of red feeds over control group in all weeks of test & on colour group in more weeks of test.

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44

N. AL-Sharafi, Nabeel M., Mohammed R. A. AL-Sharafi y Haider tuma Al-Kabbi. "Study the effect of coloration diet on Broiler Performance". Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 2, n.º 2 (30 de diciembre de 2011): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2011/v2i23899.

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The Effect of coloration feed on body weight & feed intake of broiler chickens. The objective of the study was to investigate the colcration of the feed by uses four colours feed (red,yellow,green and blue) on the body weight & feed intake of broiler chickens A total of 50 chicks of one-day fawbro broiler chicks as hatched were divided in to 5 equal group & equal in sex and added one of colour feed in to feed of the one of group and leave tee last group as acontrol group (given anormal feed not coloration). The mean body weight of red feed group was increase (286.3) gm comparative with the mean body weight of control group & (107.9) gm between red feed group and blue food group beside red feed group , (165.8)gm between red feed group and green feed group beside red food group ,(188.1) gm between red feed group and yellow feed group beside red feed group . The mean of feed intake was increas significantly in group of red feeds over control group in all weeks of test & on colour group in more weeks of test.

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45

Sharylo, Yuriy, Nataliia Vdovenko, Serhii Boiarchuk, Volodymyr Herasymchuk y Roman Konovalov. "FOOD MARKET REGULATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING COMPETITIVENESS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT". Economic Analysis, n.º 32(2) (2022): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2022.02.216.

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Introduction. The article identifies the main trends and opportunities for the development of aquaculture and assessment of prospects for the development of both domestic feed production in general and the market for this product. This will provide the rural population with jobs and promote the development of local communities, taking into account the processes of decentralization and rural development. It is established that in Ukraine the market of fish feed is just being formed. Mostly imported products are represented in this market. At the same time, domestic analogues are beginning to appear, which cannot compete with imports yet. The aim of the work is to substantiate the results of research to identify the most effective measures to implement progressive instruments to regulate the market of aquaculture feed in Ukraine in order to develop the market, be represented by feeds from different producers and promote industry competitiveness. Methodology. The methodological principles of functioning of economic entities in the field of aquaculture have been improved when choosing the latest regulatory methodology, the need to develop feed production needs state attention and support, despite the fact that this market is to some extent self-regulatory. It is concluded that to some extent the fishing business itself should initiate measures to highlight the problems of feed production, sales and promotion. It is proved that it is important to find and identify effective tools for implementing progressive measures to regulate the development of the aquaculture feed market today, to make it competitive, to be represented by feeds from different producers, and to develop this market. Results. Domestic feed producers are invited to pay attention to the market for carp feed. In Ukraine, this niche is still not filled. It is desirable to rely on freely available literature on the composition of feed to ensure their effectiveness and quality. It is substantiated that the problem of functioning of economic entities in the field of aquaculture when choosing the latest regulatory mechanisms, the need to develop feed production requires state attention and support, given that this market is to some extent self-regulating. It is concluded that to some extent the fishing business itself should initiate measures to highlight the problems of feed production, sales and promotion. The article draws attention to the fact that, in accordance with the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine and other legislative acts of Ukraine to improve legislation during martial law" since 24.03.2022 № 2142-IX, in terms of amendments to the Customs Code of Ukraine, fish feed. Ideas on the possibility of building fodder, which will provide the rural population with jobs and promote the development of local communities, taking into account the processes of decentralization. Modern strategies for the development of aquaculture feed production are considered. An algorithm for determining the composition of carp feed is proposed.

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46

Mechkirrou, Latifa, Mourad Arabi, Mohammed Ouhssine y Mohamed El Amine Afilal. "Food Waste reuse as a feed for organic chicken: A case study". E3S Web of Conferences 234 (2021): 00090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123400090.

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Since the food system will inevitably produce food waste, it is recommended that it be captured and recycled for more efficient use rather than being disposed of as solid household waste. Therefore, it is advantageous to promote food waste as poultry feed. In order to study the feeding feasibility of a poultry Lab- Prepared Feed (LPF) based on kitchen food waste as well as their nutritional value, the tests were carried out near Taza city on an organic chicken farm, in Eastern Morocco. The results of consumption indices concerning organic chickens treated only by Lab-Prepared Feed showed average values of 1.18 and 1.17 for tests 1 and 2 successively. According to the results obtained, the tests proved the feeding feasibility of a Lab-Prepared Feed (LPF), it appears to be a good substitute for commercial foods. The study may help to ensure the recovering of food waste materials as a new poultry feed substitute.

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47

Pavlovic, Marija, Ivan Pavlovic, Milan Radovic y Snezana Ivanovic. "Nutritive and microbial quality of feed for laying hens from the Serbian market in 2018". Veterinarski glasnik 73, n.º 1 (2019): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl180221009p.

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Introduction. Complete feed mixtures for laying hens are formulated to meet the requirements of the animals, for which various recommendations exist. Because of its nutritive value, feed provides a favorable environment for the growth of microorganisms. Prominent bacterial pathogens in poultry feed include Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Clostridium. There is a strong link between poultry feeds contaminated with bacteria pathogenic to humans and food borne disease occurrence, due to the feed-poultry-food-human chain. Materials and Methods. A total of fifty samples of complete feed mixtures for laying hens were collected during 2018 as a part of official controls. Feeds were analyzed for crude protein, crude ash, crude fat, crude cellulose, calcium and phosphorus, total numbers of bacteria, numbers of molds, Salmonella spp. and sulfite-reducing clostridia. Results and Conclusions. The feeds contained total bacteria and molds each at the level of 103 cfu g-1. Additionally, no Salmonella spp. or sulfite-reducing clostridia were detected in any feed sample. Saprophytic bacteria are frequently found in complete feed mixtures, but rarely are present in numbers considered as microbiologically unsafe. However, the presence of saprophytic bacteria can decrease the nutritive value of feed. The total number of bacteria and molds below the regulatory limits, as well as absence of pathogens in the commercially available poultry feed, indicates a high level of compliance with regulation. Furthermore, these results indicate the adequate implementation of controls and supervision of these poultry feed products in the Serbian market.

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48

Kassymbek, Rabiga, Gulmira Kenebay, Urishbay Chomanov, Gulzhan Zhumaliyeva y Marzhan Idayatova. "Transforming livestock by-products into nutritious extruded feed additives: a sustainable approach for modern agriculture". Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 17 (13 de julio de 2023): 581–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1885.

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The search for a solution to the challenge of providing the agriculture industry with complete feeds is relevant to modern animal husbandry in many countries, and protein is a key limiting component in feed. Along with the growth of food production, the waste it produces, which is also a valuable resource of useful components, can be recycled and used. Thus, in slaughter, butchering and meat production, a large amount of waste is generated, including by-products that can be processed further. The extrusion process is one of the best processing methods to improve the nutritional value of ingredients and feed and improve feed efficiency. In modern feed milling operations, extrusion must be considered as the main process for increasing feed profitability. The benefits of the extrusion process in improving the nutritional value and efficiency of ingredients and feeds depend on many factors, such as the structure and chemical composition of the ingredients, the processing conditions and the equipment used in processing. This article substantiates the need to develop technologies for involving production waste in their further use in medium- and long-term growth in the demand for food. A technology for producing an extruded feed additive based on vegetable feed with the addition of slaughter waste is presented. The formulation of a feed additive in which different percentages of slaughter waste of 5.10% and 15% corn was replaced with by-products was studied. The water activity of the obtained extruded feed additives was studied, where, at a content of 15% slaughter waste, it was low compared with that of the other two samples. Further research will allow procuring fodder products with a high biological value and utilising unclaimed by-products of livestock slaughter.

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49

Willer, David F., James P. W. Robinson, Grace T. Patterson y Karen Luyckx. "Maximising sustainable nutrient production from coupled fisheries-aquaculture systems". PLOS Sustainability and Transformation 1, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2022): e0000005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000005.

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Aquaculture expansion is expected to meet growing demand for sustainable animal-source foods. Yet marine-fed species already require millions of tonnes of wild-caught fish for feed, over 90% of which are nutritious food-grade species. Allocating feed fish for human consumption could reduce pressure on marine resources while increasing seafood production. We examine micronutrient flows (the transfer of micronutrients from feed to fish) in Scotland’s farmed salmon industry, which is particularly reliant on marine feeds, to show that 1–49% of essential dietary minerals and fatty acids available in wild fish are retained in farmed salmon. Using three alternative production scenarios we show that reducing marine feeds in salmon production and allocating wild-caught feed fish for human consumption could produce more nutritious seafood and leave 66–82% of feed fish in the sea. Using global data on marine-fed aquaculture production, we show that removing wild-caught fish from salmonid production could leave 3.7 Mt fish in the sea while increasing global seafood production by 6.1 Mt.

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50

Makkar, Harinder P. S. y Philippe Ankers. "A need for generating sound quantitative data at national levels for feed-efficient animal production". Animal Production Science 54, n.º 10 (2014): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14377.

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Increasing demand for livestock products will impose a huge demand on feed resources. Biophysical factors such as scarcity of land, soil and water, food–fuel–feed competition, ongoing global climate change and increasing competition for arable land and non-renewable resources such as fossil sources and minerals are challenging the sustainability of feed production systems. Efficient use of available feed resources is key to efficient animal production and food security. It is impossible to effectively manage a resource if its availability is not known. While Feed inventories or Feed assessments provide critical information on feed productive capacities and feed availability at a regional/country level, the sufficiency of the feed supply can only be gauged relative to demands for feeds. Essentially, this comparison between livestock requirements and feed supplies constitutes the Feed balance. In many countries Feed Balances are not usually available or accurate despite their strategic role for livestock development opportunities, for providing input data into country level food input-output analyses and for emergency prevention. Estimation of Feed Balance at a national level requires information on the amounts of feed resources available and their energy content, livestock population and herd structure. Likewise, reliable and harmonised herd structure data are also lacking. Information on what proportions of cereals being produced in a country that are diverted to feed production is critical for assessing food security situations in countries. In most situations these data are not available for most developing countries. Equally important is the information on the feeding systems i.e. how different feed resources are being fed to livestock. Assessment of environmental impacts of livestock and development of optimal feeding strategies rely on information about feeding systems and data on feed balance. Feed-use efficiency and decrease in release of environmental pollutants from livestock production systems hinges on feeding of balanced rations; and for their preparation, availability of reliable data on chemical composition and nutritional value of feed resources is a must. Also for reducing wastages, ensuring food safety through enhancing feed safety and promoting international trade, data on the presence of microbial contaminants including mycotoxins, heavy metals, antibiotic and pesticide residues must also be strengthened. Development of a National Feed Resource Information Systems linked to a Global Feed Resource Information Systems should be considered. Feed Inventories, Feed Balance, Feeding Systems, and Feed Quality including Feed Contaminants should be considered as integral components of an overall strategy or options that integrate technical (genetics, health and nutrition), policy and institutional interventions for using resources more efficiently to produce more food and feed. Both policy makers and animal feed and crop scientists have a role to play in making this possible.

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