Tesis sobre el tema "Fee system in France"
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Hingh, Anne Evelyne de. "Food production and food procurement in the Bronze Age and early Iron Age (2000-500 BC) : the organisation of a diversified and intensified agrarian system in the Meuse-Demer-Scheldt region (the Netherlands and Belgium) and the region of the river Moselle (Luxembourg and France) /". Leiden : Faculty of archaeology, Leiden university, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38870674h.
Texto completoAlanis, Andrea Maria y Andrea Maria Alanis. "Health Care Economics: Analysis of a Bundled Payment System Versus A Standard Fee-For-Service Payment System". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621907.
Texto completoBarney, Andrew. "Making the Most of Wind : a Business Perspective on Subsidy Systems in France, Germany, Spain and Sweden". Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-216988.
Texto completoLarsson, Hanna y Daniel Gustafsson. "On fees and performance in the premium pension system : A study of the determinants of mutual fund fee and risk-adjusted return within the Swedish premium pension system". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138087.
Texto completoMunishi, Victima. "Assessment of user fee system : implementation of exemption and waiver mechanisms in Tanzania : successes and challenges". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11236.
Texto completoSellami, Bachir. "Afgar : un système à base de connaissance basé sur les objets pour l'Aide à la Fabrication des Grilles de service des Agents Roulants de la SNCF". Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD556.
Texto completoCalvert, Gregory. "International education: career paths in science and engineering". Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/706.
Texto completoBangash, Romana. "L'évaluation de la performance des fonds mutuels : le cas de la France". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENG009.
Texto completoEver since the investment community first recognized mutual funds as a means for diversification, asset preservation, and asset accumulation, academics and practitioners have conducted many studies designed to ascertain their appeal. The mutual funds are gaining importance worldwide and it has registered a spectacular growth in the entire world. Despite the importance of the mutual fund industry, it has received little academic attention outside the USA. Therefore, our study intends to contribute in filling this gap. Using a new database of Eurofidai, we analyze mutual funds' various aspects in European context with a case of French equity mutual funds. This study has introduced the problem investors have in selecting mutual funds, where the sheer amount of information on mutual funds results in investor confusion. To dispel this confusion and to bring a deeper understanding in mutual funds, we have examined certain factors and characteristics that affect the mutual funds performance and ultimately investors' decisions. This study followed suit by compiling monthly data from 1990 to 2009 for equity mutual funds domestically invested in France. We have three basic research objectives; performance evaluation of equity mutual funds; designating funds' characteristics effecting performance and potential determinants for structuring fund's fees being charged to investors. Our results reveal that French funds prefer smaller stocks and lower book to market ratio. We provide evidence of positive impact of funds' size and age on fund performance. We also found economies of scale in fund families. Funds having small cap holdings favor investors by charging low management fees. This research provides academics, analysts and investors some insight in mutual funds to refine their preferences and some key features to be considered while deciding their investments
Knutsson, Lars. "Sprite observations over France in relation to their parent thunderstorm system". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303775.
Texto completoCalvert, Gregory. "International education: career paths in science and engineering". Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2006. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16927.
Texto completoThese samples provide the opportunity to evaluate international students' understandings of the Australian education and training system, especially the entry procedures into Science and/or Engineering courses. As part of the methodology the preliminary results were shared with the institutions involved to gain their input. Major findings were that 68 percent of the sample did not have career preparation or advice before coming to Australia; 52 percent of the sample was able to explain the term 'credit-transfer'; 53 percent of the sample had researched the recognition of their course in their home country, and careers advice was sought by 58 percent of the sample whilst studying in Australia. Resulting from the study are a number of recommendations for major stakeholders associated with international education (Australian Educational International, the Graduate Careers Council of Australia, government policy makers, institutions, the related professional bodies in the fields of Science and Engineering, and international fee-paying students). The findings of this study have implications for the way in which careers services are provided to international fee-paying students at Australian institutions. The outcome of this study is presented in two volumes. Volume One contains the body of the thesis in 6 Chapters. Volume Two (on disk) includes the associated documents of this study, presented in twelve Appendices.
Saint-Marc, Cécile. "Formalisation et géovisualisation d'événements historiques issus de risques naturels pour la compréhension des dynamiques spatiales : application aux inondations ayant touché le système ferroviaire français". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS024/document.
Texto completoThis research was led in an industrial partnership with SNCF Réseau. In the field of geovisualization of spatio-temporal information, it focuses on developing cartographical visualization methods adapted to the analysis of the impacts of floods on the railway system.Historical events are of great help to understand and manage natural risks. Cartography became a key tool to analyze risks in their territorial contexts. But making maps which remain legible while showing all the complexity of risk processes that occurred during natural disaster is not easy. The main challenges are the need to represent both the temporal and the spatial dimensions of risk events, the need to visualize domino-effect, because they often lead to worsen damages, and the will to adapt representations to the cognitive capacities of users.This research resulted in four contributions. The first one is the formalization of flood narratives in a domain ontology, which describes flood events, domino-effects, their impacts on the railway system and also response measures to restore the system. Five case studies of historical floods were instantiated in the model. Resulting from their study, the second contribution consists in generic semiology principles to visualize the narratives of floods on maps. The third contribution is a geovisualization interface, which includes original graphical representations to visualize the temporal features associated with flood events. This geovisualization interface was tested in an experiment with expert users of the railway field. Results confirmed the proposals of representation of time but disconfirm proposals of visualization of domino effects. The analysis of results led to the fourth contribution, which consists in a reusable model of an experimental procedure that is adapted to test geovisualization interfaces
Dieme, Fatou Bintou. "Deploying collective PV selfconsumption in France : System design, barriers, and policy recommendations". Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-272010.
Texto completoI ett projekt för kollektiv självkonsumtion definieras en gemenskap som består av olika elkonsumenter som samlar sig kring ett decentraliserat system för energiproduktion för att tillgodose en del av sina elbehov genom självkonsumtion av den producerade decentraliserade elen. Solcellsteknik är det mest använda decentraliserade energiproduktionssystemet. Tack vare det sjunkande priset på teknik för förnybar energi på grund av forskningens utveckling och politiska bestämmelser för att uppnå målen för hållbar utveckling har nya sätt att producera energi kommit fram och kollektiva projekt för självkonsumtion ingår i dessa. Frankrike är ett av de få EU-länder som har särskilda rättsliga ramar för sådana projekt. Stora hinder hindrar dock från att de sätts in. Dessa är huvudsakligen följande: Ett lågt elpris i detaljistledet, höga skatter och nätavgifter och en förordning med tunga administrativa förfaranden. Dessutom handlar de flesta studier som gjorts om projekt för kollektiv självkonsumtion främst om teknik för att blockera den lokala energimarknad som de skapar. De få tekniska-ekonomiska analyserna om kollektiv självkonsumtion är huvudsakligen kommersiella och inte forskningsinriktade. Syftet med denna undersökning är därför först och främst att analysera typiska systemutformningar för ett kollektivt självkonsumtionsprojekt och föregå med gott exempel på ett referenssolcellssystem för sådana projekt. Målet är också att hitta de viktigaste hindren för ett kollektivt projekt för självkonsumtion genom en analys av deras inverkan på projektets ekonomi. Slutligen är syftet att undersöka möjliga politiska åtgärder som den franska regeringen skulle kunna fastställa när det gäller dess budget, för att utveckla kollektiva projekt för solcellsanvändning i framtiden. I denna studie definierades ett samhälle som består av olika elkonsumenter och som är beläget i Montpellier. Varje konsuments årliga elbelastning samlades direkt från den nationella öppna dataplattformen och summan utgjorde en inmatning för systemutformning och modellering i SAM (System Advisor Model), den programvara som användes. Teknikekonomiska optimeringar utfördes både i SAM och ett specifikt inbyggt ekonomiskt verktyg för att hitta ett optimalt solcellssystem baserat på de nyckelutförandeindikatorer som definierats. Två huvudsakliga affärsmodeller granskades: företagsmodeller för konsumenter och tredje part. Det förra motsvarar det fall där solcellssystemet ägs av samhället självt. Det senare är förknippat med en situation där en tredje part som kan vara en utvecklare, eller ett företag äger solcellstillgången och säljer elen till samhället. Effekterna av hinder för kollektiv självkonsumtion på projektets ekonomi analyseras genom de olika affärsmodellerna. Kritiska hinder finns och en analys av möjliga politiska åtgärder som främjar statliga initiativ för kollektiv självkonsumtion genomförs. I denna studie definieras ett kollektivt projekt för självkonsumtion med en tekniskt-ekonomisk optimerad systemdesign som baseras på nyckelutförandeindikatorer (KPI). Den viktigaste nyckelutförandeindikatorn är den solfraktion (SF) som motsvarar förhållandet mellan lokalbefolkningens egen energiförbrukning och dess belastning. Ett solcellssystem på 35 kWp med en standardtäckningsgrad på 34 % hittades för staden Montpellier. Denna undersökning bekräftar också att kollektiva projekt för självkonsumtion inte är lönsamma i Frankrike. CSPE-bolaget är i huvudsak den skattekomponent som hindrar sådana projekt från att vara lönsamma oavsett affärsmodell. Mervärdesskatten på lokal elförbrukning försvagar dessutom projektets lönsamhet i konsumentens affärsmodell. När det gäller budgeten är det mindre statens kostnader att ta bort CSPE (med 19 027 euro) än att subventionera direkta kostnader för solcellsinvesteringar till 638 euro/kW (med 22 330 €) för ett projekt som har en affärsmodell från tredje part inom det befintliga solcellssystemet. För ett projekt som har en konsumentaffärsmodell är en subvention på 511 euro/kW på kostnaden för direktinvesteringar i solcellssektorn att föredra för staten (med 17 885 euro) än att ta bort både CSPE och momsen på lokal elförbrukning, vilket leder till ett underskott på 29 732 euro. Sammanfattningsvis är ett kollektivt projekt för självkonsumtion inte ekonomiskt lönsamt i Frankrike inom ramen för den nuvarande lagstiftningen. För att sådana projekt ska kunna genomföras bör den franska staten anslå ett minimibidrag på 40 procent i direktinvesteringen i solcellssektorn (511 euro/kW för ett solcellssystem på 35 kWp) till projekt med en konsumentaffärsmodell. För de som har en affärsmodell från tredje part bör CSPE-bolaget tas bort.
Lucas, Rosemarie. "Parcs naturels régionaux et écomusées en France, un demi-siècle d’histoire commune : l’expérience du parc d’Armorique (1957-1997)". Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/TheseLucas.pdf.
Texto completoFrom the start, French regional natural parks have contributed in an innovative and major way to museology by setting up and developping the concept of ecomuseums. The latter experienced a major development in the 1970s, before spreading to other contexts and other countries. The regional natural park of Armorique celebrated its 40th birthday in 2010. A survey of its origins and its history, taking into account the social, political and cultural context, allows us today to throw light on the main creation and development phases of the concepts of a regional natural park and of an ecomuseum. This analysis is chronologically structured around three important moments in the institutional history of the park. This history also relates to the interest taken in environmental issues by museology. The creation of natural parks and of ecomuseums was based on an interest and an approach in which ecology was as important as planning and ethnology. The park set up a museographical tool reflecting its image, thus demonstrating how the concept of heritage had evolved. This turned out to be a difficult experiment and did not result in the finalization of an ecomuseum project. Nevertheless it has contributed to conceiving heritage as a dynamic development tool, and to making it a topical issue. The goal of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of museology, by gathering the information which sheds light on the genesis of the ecomuseum system
Gilfillan, Scott. "Enclave empires : Britain, France and the treaty-port system in Japan, 1858-1868". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3606/.
Texto completoBégoc, Janig. "L’art corporel et sa réception en France : chronique 1968-1979". Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theseBegoc.pdf.
Texto completoRestricted to a label (coined as the American phrase “Body art”) and converted into a theoretical object, “l’art corporel” has lost its history. This study aims at retrieving the facts that lead Gina Pane and Michel Journiac to use their body as art. It also examines the processes of socialization that enabled their work to face the critical assessment. On the basis of various sources and with a definite focus on the different forms of art facilitation, this chronicle highlights the modes of acknowledgment of “l’art corporel” in France, from its initial dismissal to its institutional admission in the Museum. The analysis of the discourses, confronted to the various aesthetic and ideological debates of the time, enables us to pin point the role of other personalities implied next to François Pluchart as defenders of this art. Thus it offers a new and widened understanding of the works embracing “l’art corporel”
Vos, Robin. "Education, Well-Being and Aspirations ; a Capability based Analysis of the Secondary Schooling System in France". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0331.
Texto completoThis thesis proposes to explore the academic inquiries of economic science into education by focusing on its evolution over time and the associated theoretical implications. It will then provide a chronological study of the notions of well-being and aspirations from the standpoint of economic theory while attaching importance to highlight when these notions meet each other in these theoretical formulations (Part I). Findings of Economics of Education and its disregard of pupils well-being and aspirations will lead to the exploration of the Capability Approach as an alternativetheoretical framework (Part II). Finally, this thesis proposes an application of the Capability Approach to the French secondary schooling system. It does so by constructing a questionnaire through focus groups and evaluating its outcomes with multidimensional statistics (Part III).This operationalization allows establishing a link between well-being and school-related aspirations through a new methodology
Rüther, Christina. "L'européanisation des partis politiques ? : une analyse des opportunités et limites à travers l’exemple du Parti socialiste (1971 – 2005)". Rennes 2, 2009. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theseRuther.pdf.
Texto completoHenry, Alexandre. "Modeling and dynamic analysis of offshore wind farms in France: Impact on power system stability". Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-53714.
Texto completoRhazal, Soumia. "Le français parlé par des immigrés marocains à Rennes : analyse sociolinguistique du contact des langues". Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theserhazal.pdf.
Texto completoThis research is about the bilingual ways arabic/french through conversations by several morrocain immigrates in Rennes. We try through this thesis to describe code switching as a communicative way in a situation of linguistic contact. Our work attempts to reply to a few questions such as : “What determines the choice of our informers to which way of conversation ? ”, “ What are the characteristics through code switching Arabic/French bilinguals in Rennes ? “, “Do these people have so different experiences to others with the subject of language contact ?”
Bonnardot-Litaudon, Marie-Pierre. "Les abécédaires contemporains de l'enfance au regard de l'histoire du genre : le domaine français et sa mise en perspective avec le domaine anglo-saxon". Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theseLitaudon.pdf.
Texto completoThis comparative study intends to identify the characteristics of the contemporary alphabet book. It covers mainly the period 1860-2000. The French area serves as a basis for anchoring confrontation. The Anglo-American area is mentioned in counterpoint, in order to highlight national specificities. The analysis proceeds by gradual expansion of the historic field, and through three parts covering various disciplinary fields. The first part deals with educational and pedagogical questions. It aims first to describe the changes in the teaching practices of reading skills, both academic and private, as a result of government reforms undertaken in this field; secondly to come back on the history of pedagogy through image - that was instituted in the late nineteenth century - and to observe its different applications within the alphabet book. The second part analyzes the problems related to the economy of the book. It briefly describes the evolution of printing technologies and the impact of industrialization; it then follows the evolution of editorial strategies from 1860 to 2000, strategies that reflect the gradual emergence of the alphabet album; and it finally discusses translation problems related to the internationalization of publishing. The last section addresses the ideological and cultural issues through the analysis of representations conveyed by the alphabet book, related to religion, to social and political organisation, and to the child's statute. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the genre goes through remarkable changes in these fields. To discuss the reasons for these changes is to analyze how contemporary society has rethought the nature of education, its relationship with the child and the individual, but also with writing, knowledge and culture
Fritzell, Tove. "Development of an Environmental Management System for Radical Sports Management". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58637.
Texto completoDemézon, Grégoire. "Gendarmerie nationale et dialogue social : la cité, la ruse et les gardiens". Rennes 2, 2009. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theseDemezon.pdf.
Texto completoThe discussion on the subject of the conditions in which the social dialogue in the National gendarmerie is exercised belongs to the theme of the relationship between the Nation and its armies, and gives rise to the question, inherent to any democratic society, of the control of its guardians by the City. Traditionally, the social dialogue is founded on the paradigm of “judicial confinement”. This concept relies on two axioms. Firstly, the refusing to adopt a policy of internal pluralism within the State, which consists of putting in place a control of the guardians by their exclusion from the City, through a derogatory judicial system when it comes to collective freedom. Secondly, the will to conserve the decision maker’s freedom by creating a specific institutional setting which depends upon a procedure of consultation. However, this paradigm is undermined nowadays due to the “guardians’ revolt”. Twice over, both in 1989 and in 2001, the resort to protest action demonstrated the trivialization of the number of options when it comes to action by servicemen of the gendarmerie. By sanctioning the appearance of a new arena in the field of social dialogue, the uprising of the guardians sanctions the accession of pluralism. It also demonstrates a reconsideration of the freedom of the decision maker, who is obligated to enter into a negotiation procedure. Thus, the social dialogue appears in the process of a restructurisation. There are two procedures of evolution in play: an attempt at reforming the “judicial confinement”, as well as the appearance of a new paradigm that relies upon a procedure of control of the guardians through inclusion: the “citizen soldier”
Boccarossa, Alexandra. "Surveiller et agir : le rôle du territoire dans la mobilisation et la mise en oeuvre d’un réseau de suivi de la qualité des cours d’eau bretons (1992-2017)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2018theseBoccarossaA.pdf.
Texto completoSince the establishment of the first national waterways and rivers quality monitoring in 1971, several types of measures coexist at the drainage basin scale: on the one hand, the monitoring networks supported by the State services; on theother hand, the water quality monitoring of the drainage basin (SQE-BV) provided by decentralized actors. The acquisition of complementary knowledge on water from the field measurement has accompanied the evolution of local practices of water management, in a different way depending on the regions, the basins and sub-basins. Thanks to the regulatory constraint and a State-Region partnership, Breton waterways have been the subject of a highly developed surveillance policy. This approach was motivated in the 1990s because of the urgency to act in front of a greater pollution visibility. This thesis illustrates the regionalised approach by several case studies, including that of the precursor basin of Yvel-Yvet. The whole thesis, based on the study of these local follow-ups and on a temporality of more than twenty years, mobilizes the concept of instrument of public action to explain the stages, the socio-political motivations and the implementation scales of this territorialized policy of regaining water quality
Valle, Correa Ramos Amanda do. "Le financement des campagnes présidentielles en France et au Brésil". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD046/document.
Texto completoThis thesis intends to analyse all matters regarding financing election campaigns inpresidential elections. Actually, after political corruption outbreaks, revealing theinfluence money has on politics, financing of the election campaigns turned out to bethe object of discussion in many democracies. A comparison between France andBrazil, two democracies with two different electoral systems, intends to show how thepower of money can influence election, mainly in presidential campaigns. Thisresearch address issues relating to regulation and control of election campaignsfinancials of the highest public role. They are exhaustively described, having ascomparative models France and Brazil, strong points as well as weak points of bothsystems facing the same enemy: the influence of money in the political life
Labouret, Simon. "La rupture de 2007 : changement électoral et dynamiques de réalignement en France". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH038/document.
Texto completoThis doctoral thesis studies partisan and electoral evolutions in France since the 1980s. The main hypothesis is that the 2007 elections represent a moment of rupture. Analysis of electoral change relies on realignment theory and cleavage theory. These theories help to articulate medium-term changes, which result from a reshaping of the political competition and long term changes, which stem from evolutions of society and of its main lines of division. An election, in order to be understood, needs to be replaced in a historical perspective, taking into account the path dependence in which it stands or from which it departs. This PhD thesis stresses the importance of periodization for making sense of the complexity of political phenomena, while distinguishing ‘spectacular' change from ‘fundamental' change.Using electoral results and survey data, we first analyze the electoral order instituted in 1984, and second, we explore the features which mark its collapse in 2007. We show that the rupture of 2007 does not result from an external shock, but rather from Nicolas Sarkozy's ‘race to the right' political strategy which put the FN and UMP electorates closer together. Since 2007, the old electoral order has not been reestablished, despite the recovery of the FN. The ‘Sarkozy revolution' of 2007 has not been erased because of the continuing radicalization of the UMP, while the centre is isolated and the left is in disarray following its comeback to power. The disorder observed since 2007, characterized by a high electoral volatility and the rise of new issues, represents a new realignment era with an uncertain future
Kizidri, Vyacheslav Alexandrovich y Вячеслав Олександрович Кізідрі. "France`s geopolitical ambitious in the 21st century". Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51652.
Texto completoFor centuries, France was a global powerhouse, permeating its will over five continents. Since those imperial days, it has lost considerable ground in its former domains. Only in Africa did France retain its hold, owing to the monetary system that was put in place. In the decade after World War II, President François Mitterand was quoted saying: “Without Africa, France will have no history in the 21st century.” Like a foretelling coming true, it is precisely because of Africa that modern-day France is returning as the global force it once was. And it’s using the soft power attributes of language to cement its hegemony. Starting in the 1990s, the constructs that melded the francophone nations started to show signs of decay. The African youth grew disenfranchised with France’s ceaseless interventions in their socio-political base. It was clear that the French policies were out of touch with the reality on the ground. Although most of the older generation of Africans still viewed Paris as a guardian of sorts, the younger generation, to whom the torch of leadership passed, held more critical views of France and looked to China and the United States for new opportunities. On the other hand, France is now adjusting the way it maintains power in Africa, not through force or finances but by language .
Протягом століть Франція була глобальною силою, пронизуючи свою волю на п’яти континентах. З тих імперських часів вона втратила значні позиції у своїх колишніх сферах. Лише в Африці Франція зберегла свою владу завдяки введеній грошовій системі. У десятиліття після Другої світової війни II президент Франсуа Міттеран цитував слова: "Без Африки Франція не матиме історії в 21 столітті". Як і передбачення, що справджуються, саме завдяки Африці сучасна Франція повертається такою глобальною силою, якою була колись. І воно використовує атрибути м’якої сили мови, щоб закріпити її гегемонію. Починаючи з 1990-х років, конструкції, що поєднали франкомовні країни, почали демонструвати ознаки занепаду. Африканська молодь стала безправною через безперервні втручання Франції в їх соціально-політичну базу. Було очевидно, що французька політика не відповідає реальній ситуації. Хоча більшість старшого покоління африканців все ще розглядали Париж як свого роду охоронця, молоде покоління, якому передав факел лідерства, дотримувалося більш критичних поглядів на Францію і шукало нових можливостей у Китаю та США. З іншого боку, Франція зараз регулює спосіб утримання влади в Африці не за допомогою сили чи фінансів, а за допомогою мови .
Caetano, Bicalho Cristina. "Hydrochemical characterization of transfers in karst aquifers by natural and anthropogenic tracers. Example of a Mediterranean karst system, the Lez karst aquifer (Southern France)". AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/56/95/44/PDF/these_CCBICALHO_2010.pdf.
Texto completoThe Lez karst spring, located in the Mediterranean basin (southern France), supplies with water the metropolitan area of Montpellier (France) since the 19th century. Since 1981, an intense pumping is being performed directly in the main conduit with a maximum exploitation flow rate of about 1,700 l/s. To improve the understanding of groundwater origins and circulation dynamics in this karst system, as well as the impact of three decades of intense water exploitation, groundwater samples have been collected during various hydrologic conditions since March 2006. The springs and wells of the Lez karst system as well as surrounding springs and wells have been monitored for: physicochemical parameters, major and trace elements, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), faecal and total coliforms, 18O, 2H, 13CTDIC and 87Sr/86Sr. During the first recharge events of autumn, high-mineralized waters have been observed at the Lez spring. This singular behaviour was monitored in a fine time-lag. A multivariate statistical analysis revealed the existence of different water-types discharging at the Lez spring. A coupled approach integrating geochemistry and isotopes were applied and provided insight into the different end-members, associated lithologies and the main reactions that control groundwater chemistry. Between the five distinguished water-types, the two more contrasting ones are emphasized: the first one correspond to more geochemically evolved, long residence-time waters, issued from deep layers where evaporite fingerprinting was identified. They are characterized by high mineralization and high concentrations in Cl, Na, Mg, Li, B and Br elements, high Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca and Cl/Br ratios and enriched 13CTDIC and 87Sr/86Sr. Between all the studied springs and wells, this chemical fingerprinting has been uniquely observed for the Lez spring groundwaters. The second water-type corresponds to low mineralized waters with high concentrations in NO3, bacteria and TOC, and represents the flux of rapid infiltration waters. They underline the vulnerability of the system to surface infiltration and anthropogenic contamination through the infiltration of waters by sinkholes and well-developed fracture networks. Hydrograph deconvolutions using multiple tracers were used to estimate the participation of two or three end-members in the various flood-events that occurred between 2008 and 2010. If we use chloride as tracer, the mean estimated participation of the different water types are, as follows: 12% for deep waters; 5% for recent waters and 83% for main aquifer waters. The comparison between present and former studies carried out before the installation of the pumping plant (1973-1974 dataset), indicates historical changes in water hydrogeochemistry, evidencing a decrease of the deep compartment participation to the outflow of the Lez spring. This change in water hydrogeochemistry may be attributed to the intense pumping of the karst system and, in the absence of noticeable climatic changes, traduces the direct consequences of anthropogenic forcing on the overall functioning of the aquifer. The multi-tracers approach combined to hydrodynamics appears as a very efficient tool for characterizing groundwater flows and their origins and seems to be potentially applicable to other similar complex Mediterranean karst systems that were subjected to deep karstification during the Messinian crisis. The features of this crisis seem to play a relevant role on the hydrogeological behaviour of the aquifer and chemical characteristics of waters by the participation of a deep compartment to the outflow of the karst system
Rae, Michelle Frasher. "International monetary relations between the United States, France, and West Germany in the 1970s". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/48.
Texto completoChambers, Kateri. "The evolution of grace: tracing the development of petite graces ornamentation". Thesis, Boston University, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/30649.
Texto completoThis dissertation examines the evolution of French vocal ornamentation. Ornaments (agrements or petites graces) were often marked by composers with the use of a symbol instead of being fully notated. Prior to the codification of this stenographic system, the gestural shapes they would come to represent were used. The admixture of shorthand agrement signs and full notation for ornamental gestures was due in part to the unwritten tradition of improvisation, transition from Renaissance to Baroque musical styles, and the inchoate state of printing. This dissertation traces the development of the petite grace system: The primary focus is secular vocal music from 1570 to 1702. Particular attention is given to airs de cours, vaudevilles, airs and chansons for boire and danser, and the contrasting airs serieux. To provide a wider overview of contemporary ornamentation and performance practices in France, sacred and secular vocal music 1527-1594, compositions by related foreign composers 1528-1702, general music and vocal treatises 1603-1736, and instrumental treatises and front matter 1583-1720 are surveyed. This chronological examination of the nascent petites graces yields a cursory look over a wide range of material. The first precursor melodic shapes appear in France by 1528, descriptions appear in 1603, and the first signed agrements in 1615. This dissertation provides a compendium of material; pinpoints the emergence of signs, descriptions, and agrement musical appearances outside treatises; and summarizes the trends of each petite grace.
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Chang, Michele M. "Crisis and credibility in the European monetary system /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9902292.
Texto completoMabo, Solenn. "Les citoyennes, les contre-révolutionnaires et les autres : participations, engagements et rapports de genre dans la Révolution française en Bretagne". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2019_theseMaboS.pdf.
Texto completoFocused on gender relations in the political field, this thesis revisits the traditional image of fanatical and counter-revolutionary Breton women by analysing the ways of their participation in the Revolution, whether they supported it, fought against it or got otherwise involved. From major actions to everyday interventions, their commitment is compared with that of men to observe how gendered political practices and identities are manifested and recomposed. After an introduction presenting the place of women in Breton society in the eighteenth century, the study proceeds along three major axes. The first presents how they participated in the pre-revolutionary sequence and then invested the new spaces of citizenship. The second explores the margins of political participation by observing how ordinary women were more or less voluntarily involved in revolutionary dynamics. The third and last part focuses on the resistance to the Revolution, from religious struggles to Chouannerie, and shows how some counter-revolutionary feminine destinies were forged. The present work is based on the exploitation of very scattered archives and engages in a reflection on the mechanisms of the highlighting or the occultation of women in the events and the documentation. By revealing a whole range of previously ignored or inconspicuous feminine interventions, this thesis offers another history of the Revolution in Brittany, which can foster a better understanding of the whole revolutionary process and enrich the history of gender relations in crisis or conflict situations
Sabatier, Benjamin. "Urbanisme et architecture à Rennes dans la première moitié du XXe siècle : de Jean Janvier à François Chateau, maires (1908-1944)". Rennes 2, 2009. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theseSabatier.pdf.
Texto completoFrench cities experience deep changes during the first half of the 20th century, over the urban spreading through residential areas. Taking Rennes specifically into account, this thesis focuses on urban planning, as well as public and private architecture programs achieved in this city. The offices of two mayors and building contractors Jean Janvier (1908-1923) and François Chateau (1935-1944) are used as chronological limits. In order to understand the requirements at stakes, this work focuses on various protagonists (mayors, institutions, architects and building contractors), public contractor services and local authorities of social housing agencies. In parallel, the turn of the century has been marked by new reflections on urbanism. Lots of residential areas are built and play a predominant role in urban planning. At that time, the French urban planning known as the Cornudet law - established on 14 March 1919 - and imposed upon lots of cities, is adopted by the city of Rennes. In order to achieve urban planning, many public buildings (schools, swimming-pools, sport stadiums, day-care centres, public baths) are set up in suburban areas. Through the research on building permits, many kinds of constructions are therefore approached (apartment buildings, houses, stores and manufactures, parking lots) and adopt a regionalist, Art deco or modern style. Finally, this period is also marked by a social housing emergence. Local authority agencies and private businesses will therefore suggest ways to make up for the housing crisis
Bublíková, Ilona. "Místní poplatky v ČR". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360644.
Texto completoRochut, Julie. "Health care supply, payment system and medical practice : evidence from obstetric practice". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0017.
Texto completoA significant share of deliveries are performed by Cesarian section (C-section) in Europe and j many developed and developing countries. The aims of this thesis are to highlight the non medical, especially economic and financial, incentives that expIain the use of C-section, as well as the medical consequences of C-section on women's health, in regard with other factors of obstetrical care quality such as hospital concentration. Our analysis focus on two countries, France and Switzerland. In the first part of the thesis, we show the influence of two non medical factors on to C-section use, namely the hospital payment system and the obstetricians behaviour, especially their demand for leisure. We show payment system and the number of obstetricians have an impact on C-section use and that the rise of C-section rate between 2003 and 2006 is mainly caused by changes in hospitals and patients features. Yet, it can show that obstetricians change their coding practises to justify the use of certain practice. Using Shelton Brown III identification strategy, we found a potential impact of obstetricians leisure preference on the use of C-section, demand for leisure has a significant impact on the resort to emergency C-section. The second part of the thesis deals with obstetric care quality , using swiss and french data to study the impact of C-section on the patients' probability of having an obstetric complication and the influence of concentration between hospitals on the quality of obstetric care. We find there are risks entailed by C-section on obstetric complications. We find that hospital concentration has a negative impact on obstetric care quality
Blatt, David. "The resurgence of the extreme-right in France : political protest and the party system in the 1980's". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61980.
Texto completoWei, Nanzhi. "Legal system for the protection of welfare of the elderly : a comparative study of China, France and Britain". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0062.
Texto completoThrough studying the evolution of social protection mechanisms for the elderly in these three countries, this study finds that the stratification of welfare right and social protection law are decided by the inter acting four factors: political, economic, ideological and social factors. Each country has its own stipulation on the rights and duties of the five legal subjects: the state, the welfare administrative bodies, the market (employers), the family and the individual (elderly). The differences of the legal status, the financial resources, the redistribution functions and appealing mechanisms form three different legal models. The Chinese model is under rapid transition: "state/guojia-intermediate bodies-individual". The French model has two tiers: the first tier is the "public-private" division; the second tier is the socio-economic stratification. The British model constitutes a "government -market -individual" structure. In different welfare state regimes, the economic well-being of the elderly can be legally protected through different legal mechanisms based on different understandings of welfare rights and different understandings of the responsibilities associated with rights
Gbenyo, Kodzo-Kuma. "La réforme des retraites en France entre répartition et capitalisation : analyse économique de deux dilemnes". Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST3011.
Texto completoThis dissertation tries to define an optimal retirement system for France based on economic,social and financial criteria. It reviews the reforms that have been undertaken since thepublication of the Livre Blanc sur les retraites in 1991, and highlights additional measuresthat could be implemented to enhance these reforms. The dissertation is structured around twomain ideas: on the one hand, the main reforms (Balladur, 1993 and Fillon, 2003) are ofparametric nature and intend to preserve intergenerational solidarity; on the other hand, undercertain conditions, they can be improved by incorporating a funded system. The analysis relyon both a theoretical framework, notably overlapping generations models, and anempirical approach to assess the impact of additional capitalization on national saving.Overall, the dissertation aims to show that the authorities face two main dilemma whendealing with the retirement crisis: (1) keep the current retirement system, which does notencourage the elderly to remain in the workforce, or move toward a funded system at the riskof giving up intergenerational solidarity; (2) what dose, forms and regulations of fundingcould stimulate national savings?
Picard, Nicolas. "L'application de la peine de mort en France (1906-1981)". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H056/document.
Texto completoDeath penalty was about to disappear in France at the end of the 19th century. But the number of death sentences rose after 1906. The judiciary relied on the punitive emotions of the public opinion and on the criminological knowledge to eliminate some of the defendants. The capital punishment was very minor in the whole penal repression and its enforcement punished a small number of murders, considered as particularly heinous. The people sentenced to death came from the most miserable and less integrated parts of the society. Judicial discourses, such as speeches for the prosecution or the defense, or testimonies, confronted each other to determine if these people should benefit of mitigating circumstances. The functions of the death penalty were then discussed: deterrence, retribution, revenge or purge of the social body? Emotional as well as rational arguments were used. The cases were exposed at two different levels: a first time in front of the criminal court and of the citizen seating in the jury, a second time in front of the presidential advisors and of the President of the Republic, who had to decide of the pardon or the execution. The people sentenced to death had to wait their fate in particularly harsh conditions, which aimed at avoiding suicide or escape. Very strong rules framed their time and their space but some of them succeeded to adjust their environment for their own purposes. The preparation to death could be religious or secular. It the need arose, police, army, penitentiary staff, as well as the executioner and his helps were summoned to perform the execution, an act combining bureaucratic aspects and rough violence. In the other case the prisoner was held back to the ordinary prison system, where he could still risk another form of penal death
Le, Luel Nathalie. "Le portail Saint-Ursin de Bourges : recherches sur l'iconographie profane en façade des églises romanes". Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theseLeLueldiffusable.pdf.
Texto completoThe portal of Saint-Ursin at Bourges constitutes the only monumental vestige of the old eponymous collegial church destroyed during the Revolution. Famous for its historiated tympanum, it is here the subject of a long monographic study used as the starting point of a reflection encompassing the profane iconography at the Romanesque period. The first part situates the portal – originally located in the entre of the western façade – in its historical and monumental context; the stylistic and epigraphic study suggests that it was made during the first quarter of the XIIth century. The second part focuses on the three profane iconographic themes which compose the historiated scenery of the tympanum: the calendar of months, hunting and fables. The study of images shows that there is a symbolic convergence of the three registers which reflect both secular and eschatological preoccupations typical of the Church in the XIIth century. In the third part, the interpretations of the registers are compared to the whole iconographic program of the portal, revealing a polysemous message: the symbolic, liturgical and social interactions formed by the portal on the threshold of the church underline the visual and intellectual coherence of the sculpted program. The profane images of the tympanum testify to a real concern of the clergy about the reception of a part of the scenery by the secular believers: this observation is confirmed by the study of a series of other church façades in the Romanesque West. Its shows a well-thought-out use of profane iconography by the Church, serving a strategy of efficient visual communication aimed at the laity and, above all, at the illiterate believers
Harris, Moya Pedro. "L'obligation de prendre des mesures de police initiale dans le contentieux administratif de l'environnement : essai d'étude comparée : France, Chili et Espagne". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D074.
Texto completoThe duty to take an initial administrative action is particularly important in some domains of public order. This research analyzes the judge's role in the control of this administrative action in environmental matters. For this purpose, the French, Chilean and Spanish legal systems are envisaged. The study shows that the causes of asymmetric control in subjective and in objective lawsuits are shared among the said jurisdictional systems. Such asymmetry -already observed in some disorders to public order-responds to the administrative authorities' specific features in environmental matters. Judicial review of administrative action requires taking these features into account, in order to give coherence to these various contentious procedures
Cárdenes, Agustín Alejandro. "La présidentialisation du système politique, étude de droit comparé Argentine - France". Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT3014/document.
Texto completoStudies about presidentialization of Argentine and French political systems hold an important place in recent academic and political studies. However, despite such an acknowledgement, there are no comparative studies about Argentine and French experiences. The presence of a similar phenomenon in both countries –presidentialization- seems to prove that comparative method might offer interesting answers to questions posed by the presence of a similar concentration of power around presidents in countries whose constitutional structures differ. Thus, presidentialization appears to minimize the importance of such differences and takes into account the relevance of political systems
Azémar, Rémi. "Le mégalithisme du Larzac aveyronnais : interface d'un phénomène et gestion des espaces". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0048.
Texto completoThe long time, singular ecological contrasts enable to seize the particularities of the Larzac in Aveyron and it’s relation to space to the changes of the agricultural system. The long time from the early Final Neolithic Age, even from the Middle Neolithic Age, to the Bronze Age marks a time of constructions and reuse. In this large temporal amplitude, a situation with an interface in contact with numerous influences on a major axis of the Megalithism creates the variety. The relation to space is included into a mix of association of soils with the ways and means of the agricultural system where the monuments are located in appropriated spaces. So, their seedling unveils a settlement pattern. At a regional level, as well as in the Larzac, preferential or abandoned occupation areas individualize themselves dictating spatial unities based on agricultural potentialities, complementarities and opening capacities. Expansion or separation rhythms in recent prehistory could dilate or contract spatial regions and their components, without being excluded of their independences. The scale level and the Larzac model should not induce a smoothing. Other regional and environmental realities could contribute to nuanced forms of ancient settlement including Les Grands Causses. This spatial investigation over the long term and avoiding the anachronism pitfall, can join the current research on Megalithism and its systemic analysis open to disciplinary approaches convergences
Veniant, Marie. "Question prioritaire de constitutionnalité et système juridictionnel". Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020046.
Texto completoOn 2008, july 23 was created the “question prioritaire de constitutionnalité”.This new procedure allows the Constitutional Council to be seized, on remand from the administrative and judicial Supremes Courts, the constitutionality of a law. The creation of this new remedy is likely to upset the relationships that are established between levels of constitutional jurisdiction, administrative and judicial. This thesis is an analysis of the relationships between these three types of courts in the context of the exercise of the judicial function and measure the impact of the creation of the« question prioritaire de constitutionnalité » is to systemic relationships that are present between the three judges
Bardot, Alexandre. "Les transferts de résidence fiscale des personnes physiques entre la France et la Suisse". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010278.
Texto completoThe beginning of the 21th century witnessed a prodigious acceleration of the movements of capital and persons on a worldwide scale. Transfers of tax residence by High Net Worth lndividuals dramatically increased in particular, from high tax countries to jurisdictions offering attractive levels of taxation. The sheer number of French residents expatriating to Switzerland is a testimony of this trend. The objective of this research work is to cover precisely the issues related to the relocations of High Net Worth Individuals from France to Switzerland and their tax consequences. The French tax system, often perceived as complex, inequitable sometimes motivates decisions of expatriation which are not only related to fiscal reasons. It is the author's belief that it is necessary to confront this perception with the legal and factual reality and to explore i which conditions an expatriation from France can be managed. The transfer of domicile to Switzerland enable wealthy individuals to benefit from an at1ractive tax regime. Nevertheless, moving to Switzerland does not solve all of a wealthy expatriate's tax or patrimonial issues. Relocation entails constraints and limits. For that reason, some French expatriates will decide on a possible return to France or alternatively to jurisdiction even more attractive than Switzerland. We shall examine these rival jurisdictions and compare with a critical eye the French and Swiss tax systems in presence, with proposals for reform or adaptation with a view to restore or preserve their respective competitiveness on an international scale
Law, Stacey E. "A Numerical and Statistical Analysis of the Fractured Rock Aquifer System in Ploemeur, France to Quantify Local and Regional Recharge". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93140.
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Groundwater recharge is the amount of water added to underground water sources, called aquifers. This occurs as precipitation falls to the ground, moves downward through the unsaturated subsurface, and accumulates at the top of the saturated zone, deemed the water table. The saturated zone is so named because all pore spaces between sediment grains or crevices in rocks are fully filled with water. Understanding groundwater recharge is important to the protection of groundwater resources, but is hard to estimate due to the lack of knowledge about water movement in the unsaturated zone and the uncertainties related to the systems being studied. Aquifers forming within fractured rocks are even more challenging to investigate, because the complex geological structures are difficult to replicate with computer modeling. However, fractured rock aquifers are an important groundwater resource, and understanding them is the first step in estimating recharge within the system. Recharge estimates are used to calculate how much water can be safely removed from the aquifer for years to come, so that the resource can remain protected. The aim of this investigation is to assess the aquifer properties that lead to the unique recharge signal in a fractured crystalline-rock aquifer in Ploemeur, France, where nearly 1 million cubic meters of water have been removed each year since 1991 but water table levels have not fallen significantly. This behavior raises questions about the water returned to the system as recharge that is sustaining such a highly productive resource. This site also shows a roughly two-month lag between seasonal precipitation falling and the reflection of that precipitation recorded in the water level of the aquifer. It was previously thought that the lag occurred because water travelled slowly through the mica-schist layer, which has little pore space for water to move, and into the contact zone and interconnected fault. However, this study shows instead that a majority of the lag is associated with the unsaturated zone properties and processes, particularly thickness. This investigation also shows recharge entering the aquifer system throughout the calendar year, a departure from earlier studies conceptualizations.
Sasan, Seyed Salahaldin. "Urbanisation et politiques urbaines : analyse comparative du cas de l’Iran et de la France". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE0006/document.
Texto completoCities are the host of people as well as government officials, decision-makers, economic and academic elite institutions. Therefore, it is not possible to having any plan without understanding of urban systems can be made. Regardless of the importance of this matter, governments of developing countries often neglect their responsibilities and duties with regards to the city. This work is a combination of Spatial Economic and macroeconomics. Spatial Economic has been defined as identifying and analyzing the performance of the people in a same geographic location.In this paper, first step is introducing the phenomenon of urbanization and urban systems and then, next aim is estimating the Zipf and Gibrat’s laws and Spatial GINI Coefficient for the case of Iran and France. The urban growth model for Iran and France is measured based on the Henderson theories.In this paper, after introducing the phenomenon of urbanization and urban systems, we estimated the Zipf's and Gibrat lows and Spatial GINI' Coefficient for the case of Iran and France. By using the Henderson theories we measured the urban growth model for Iran and France
Dias, Correia Filipe Elsa. "Les tendances de la musique mixte en France depuis 1981". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL005.
Texto completoWestern scholarly music has always benefited from the technological advancements available in each era. The influence such has proved to be, at the instrumental level, resulting initially in the broadening of the musical and compositional language and, subsequently, requiring the instrumentalist to adapt to new playing and interpretation techniques. The rapid technological development which marked the twentieth century pushed this situation to limits previously inconceivable. This is the origins of mixed music, which is a new kind of music that combining electro-acousitc music and acoustic instruments. Our thesis proposes a study on the trends of mixed music in France since 1981. First, we will analyze the main concepts inherent to the subject as well as their issues. Then, we will head towards the organization of the social, economic, political, cultural and musical environment existing in France which allowed the development of this musical genre. Lastly, we will focus on the idea of musical research to trace the main lines of mixed music trends in France since 1981. To do so, we will use musical works that are representative of this multidisciplinary work wich characterizing musical research
Riera, Fabien. "Trois classes de facteurs qui influencent le cours de la domestication des espèces marines. Une étude de cas : l'halioticulture biologique en France". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0138/document.
Texto completoAbalone aquaculture (Haliotis spp.) or halioticulture provides a good case study of the technical, social and environmental challenges of introducing newly domesticated marine organisms into the market. Abalone farming began in Japan in the 1960s and, according to FAO (2012), is now one of the most dynamic aquaculture industries in the world. Yet all attempts have not met with the same success. This essay aims to understand the factors that have allowed or hindered the environmental, social and technical success of halioticulture, with an emphasis on France.More specifically, we examine three main categories of factors that may explain its evolution:- The importance of socio-ecological factors in the management of abalone resource.- Socio-cultural factors that support the status of the abalone as an eligible resource for aquaculture.- The role of science in the industrialization of abalone farming
Essers, Julien. "Approvisionnements et mobilités alimentaires des périurbains de l’Ouest francilien : étude d’une ruralité métropolitaine". Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100013.
Texto completoAt the time of globalization and agriculture deterritorialization, the food issue remains a main item for consumers. It helps to create a certain social and spatial phenomena, the potential anchors for resident populations. It also makes it possible to understand the varied and relative links to the different forms of distribution, which are inherent to the complexity of a globalized society. In this particular context, exurban areas represent, by their immediate spatial proximity to dense urban centers and because they remain areas dominated by agriculture, new forms of space capable of questioning/asking the farmer-consumer link and the anchors relating to various forms of spatialization. Our thesis will be focused more specifically on the exurban area of western Paris, an old exurban area that offers major observations for the evolution of forms of ex-urbanization (peri-urbanization) in France. Through the question of food, this thesis aims to study the relationships of ex-urban eaters to their supply territories. These learnings help to understand agricultural connections, representations of rurality. This question of food mobilities is perceived as forms of spatial and social change in the context of the domestic eater’s food systems. Thanks to more than 40 semi-structured interviews and a hundred quizzes, this thesis sheds new light on the question of ex-urban rural areas and their different dimensions. It offers an in-depth look at the plural forms of anchoring and investments in the "local". This thesis allows us a better understanding of the inner ex-urban dynamics and a kind of grasp of the socio-spatial complexity in order to go beyond the "captive" and "closed" space which was the usual characteristics of ex-urban areas
Debeuf, Benjamin y Yuan Cao. "E-commerce websites and online customer reviews in France: analysis of current strategies and suggestions for improvement". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-180365.
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