Bibliografías temáticas / Farm valuation, NSW

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Farm valuation, NSW"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 21 de febrero de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Farm valuation, NSW"

Lowenberg-DeBoer, J. y Michael D. Boehlje. "The Estate Tax Provision of the 1981 Economic Recovery Tax Act: Which Farmers Benefit?" Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 17, n.º 2 (diciembre de 1985): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200025073.

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AbstractThis analysis used simulation to compare the cost of intergenerational transfer of farm estates under the pre-1981 tax rules and the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) provisions. ERTA reduces transfer costs for almost all the estates considered. Large estates tend to benefit more than small estates if they qualify for use valuation or if they are large enough to be affected by the reduction in tax rates. ERTA does not create new forces for change in U.S. agriculture, but it tends to strengthen the tendency toward larger farm size and favor those who already own farm resources.

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Scrimgeour, F. G. y T. G. Shepherd. "The economics of soil structural degradation under cropping: some empirical estimates from New Zealand". Soil Research 36, n.º 5 (1998): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96018.

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Soil structural degradation is a problem of some arable farms in New Zealand. This paper presents economic estimates of the significance of the loss of soil structure to farmers and the Manawatu region of New Zealand. Contingent valuation surveys of farmers and the wider community were used to estimate both use and non-use values. The results show the significance of compaction on both farm profits and land values, together with the lack of knowledge of the wider community concerning this problem. They reinforce the importance of careful farm practice, further scientific research, and a considered public policy response.

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Kuwornu, JOHN K. M., Alfred B. Narh JNR, Irene S. Egyir, Edvard E. Onumah y Solomie Gebrezgabher. "Willingness to pay for excreta pellet fertilizer: Empirical evidence from Ghana". Acta agriculturae Slovenica 109, n.º 2 (26 de septiembre de 2017): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2017.109.2.14.

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<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This study examined farmers’ willingness to pay for excreta pellet fertilizer in Ghana. Primary data was obtained from 461 farmers in 10 districts in the Western and Greater Accra regions of Ghana through randomized questionnaire administration. The contingent valuation method was used in eliciting the farmers’ willingness to pay decisions (WTP) and maximum amount they are willing to pay. The Tobit regression model results revealed that being a household head, unit cost of current fertilizer used, and farm size positively influenced the willingness to pay amount whereas previous use of organic fertilizer influenced the willingness to pay amount negatively.</span></p>

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Turan, Özlem, Serkan Gurluk y Abdulhakim Madiyoh. "Economic evaluation of a prospective Farm Animal Welfare program in Turkey". British Food Journal 122, n.º 1 (24 de octubre de 2019): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-04-2018-0225.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine producer preferences for changing Farm Animal Welfare (FAW) levels in regards to sheep and goat husbandry in Bursa-Turkey. Design/methodology/approach The paper tests “panel estimators” in a stated preference data by using the payment card question format. Probit panels are employed to measure individual effects on FAW levels by considering producers’ willingness to accept. Three different FAW levels were identified for valuation as “base” level, “better” level, and the “best” level. The current study suggests a protocol with WTA(P) nomenclature to resolve complexity issues in FAW studies by investigating producers rather than consumers because the scenarios regarding FAW levels include quite technical and difficult topics which are vague to consumers. Findings If half of the total number of the sheep and goats in Turkey are assumed to be in bad animal welfare conditions, which are worse than base level, the non-use benefits of bringing them to at least the base level would be about US$130.3m. Figures would be 166.2m US$/year and 175m US$/year for “better” and “best” FAW conditions, respectively. Originality/value This paper provides a contribution to the existing literature by examining the producers’ responses to new FAW schemes. Also it helps policy makers to understand producers’ environmental behavior as well as their sensitivity to FAW schemes.

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Masala, Giovanni, Marco Micocci y Andrea Rizk. "Hedging Wind Power Risk Exposure through Weather Derivatives". Energies 15, n.º 4 (13 de febrero de 2022): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041343.

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We introduce the industrial portfolio of a wind farm of a hypothetical company and its valuation consistent with the financial market. Next, we propose a static risk management policy originating from hedging against volumetric risk due to drops in wind intensity and we discuss the consequences. The hedging effectiveness firstly requires adequate modeling calibration and an extensive knowledge of these atypical financial (commodity) markets. In this hedging experiment, we find significant benefits for weather-sensitive companies, which can lead to new business opportunities. We provide a new financial econometrics approach to derive weather risk exposure in a typical wind farm. Our results show how accurate risk management can have a real benefit on corporate revenues. Specifically, we apply the spot market price simulation (SMaPS) model for the spot price of electricity. The parameters are calibrated using the prices of the French day-ahead market, and the historical series of the total hourly load is used as the final consumption. Next, we analyze wind speed and its relationship with electricity spot prices. As our main contribution, we demonstrate the effects of a hypothetical hedging strategy with collar options implemented against volumetric risk to satisfy demand at a specific time. Regarding the hedged portfolio, we observe that the “worst value” increases considerably while the earnings-at-risk (EaR) decreases. We consider only volumetric risk management, thus neglecting the market risk associated with electricity price volatility, allowing us to conclude that the hedging operation of our industrial portfolio provides substantial benefits in terms of the worst-case scenario.

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Morgan, Seth, Justin Baker, Jennifer Orgill-Meyer y Marc Jeuland. "Valuing Water Quality with Adaptation: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Jordan". Water Economics and Policy 07, n.º 01 (enero de 2021): 2150003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x2150003x.

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Though water scarcity threats are increasing in severity across many regions of the world, allocation often remains inefficient — as in Jordan, the site of this study. One commonly discussed solution for increasing resource availability in water-scarce regions is the use of recycled wastewater for irrigation. Yet, despite significant potential benefits, an oft-cited concern with wastewater reuse is its potential impact on water quality. This paper examines the impact of this solution by exploiting a natural experiment arising from complementary infrastructure investments that introduced recycled wastewater to a new region of the Jordan Valley. We study farmer preferences for wastewater reuse, as well as farm adaptation and profitability. We find no evidence of negative impacts on farm revenues or costs over the short term, and observe signs of adaptation via the shifting of production toward less-salinity sensitive crops. Contingent valuation measures of the willingness to pay for reliable recycled water supply across newly treated and comparison areas indicate resistance to the expanded reuse of wastewater, however, which suggests that farmers may believe that this shift will entail more substantial long-term costs. Furthermore, the stated willingness to pay and short-term marginal productivity of water estimates appear unrelated. These results suggest the need for caution in interpreting short-term adaptation and preference responses to policies that substantially alter irrigation choices and behaviors, and point to the need for longer-term studies of wastewater reuse.

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Фасхутдинова y Milyausha Faskhutdinova. "Management accounting and costs control in the livestock industry". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 8, n.º 4 (13 de enero de 2014): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2431.

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The article concerns the basics of management accounting and costs control in key sectors of the livestock. Management accounting is based on the intersection of science, by using different scientific methods, combining planning, organization and management of production, accounting and operational accounting, management analysis, valuation, a number of other economic sciences. In view of the integration of this new integrated industry knowledge, several of applied economic sciences, there are substantial breakthroughs to new knowledge and technologies. Accounting enables both managerial staff, so external users to have a fair presentation of the course of business, accounting is the link between economic activity and the management of the enterprise. The effectiveness of this communication provides by control. Control regulates economic relations, providing: the compliance of achieved economic operations in accordance with the statutory legal acts and regulations of the economic entity, the accuracy of accounting, accounting and financial reporting; the willingness of economic unit to external audits; the provision of services for the development and implementation of the entity’s accounting policies to develop and implement on-farm regulations; the maintenance of payments with the state, the owners (shareholders) on shares (shares) and partners for the obligations and agreements.

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Dimitrova, M. "ANALYSIS OF THE TYPOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS". Trakia Journal of Sciences 19, Suppl.1 (2021): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2021.s.01.045.

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The agricultural sector is of particular importance for the national economy in the conditions of real membership of the country in the European Union. The liberalization of world trade, the association of Bulgaria with European structures and the restoration of some traditional market positions pose new problems and opportunities for the agricultural sector. The aim of the study is to analyze the typology of agricultural holdings. The objects of study are agricultural holdings in the countries of the European Union. The latest published agricultural holding counting on Eurostat is included in the survey. The main source of agricultural statistics are the farm structure surveys that are made periodically. The significance of the study is to provide a realistic picture of structural conditions in Bulgaria’s agriculture, which helps to analyze results which can also be compared across the EU. These conclusions are needed not only for examination the reasons of structural changes in this important economic sector, but also for future prognosis.The methods used in the survey are comparing analyze, method of statistics grouping, experts valuation and etc.

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Haghiri, Morteza. "An evaluation of consumers’ preferences for certified farmed Atlantic salmon". British Food Journal 116, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 2014): 1092–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2012-0289.

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Purpose – The fisheries and aquaculture industry has observed substantial reduction in the demand for farmed Atlantic salmon after the food incidence of polychlorinated biphenyls in the product. To regain consumer confidence in the quality and safety of the product new policies, such as advanced traceability and identity preservation systems in the fisheries and aquaculture industry have been suggested. The purpose of this paper is to examine consumers’ preferences to pay a premium price for certified farmed Atlantic salmon that is passed through various quality and traceability systems in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses the contingent valuation (CV) method by estimating a probit regression model to assess consumers’ preferences for certified farmed Atlantic salmon. In particular, the paper measures consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) a premium price to purchase the product. The CV method is the most widely used methodology in measuring individuals’ attitudes toward purchasing certified products. To estimate the parameters of the model, the authors carried out a consumer survey in spring 2010 and successfully completed 120 questionnaires in the province. Findings – The paper provides empirical insights about how households are interested in consuming certified farm-raised Atlantic salmon by paying an additional premium price to purchase the product. The results of the study show that although consumers believe that traceability methods, on average, will increase the price of certified farmed Atlantic salmon their preferences toward the consumption of the product will not be changed. Research limitations/implications – Since the paper uses the CV method to evaluate individuals’ preferences for certified farm-raised Atlantic salmon, the authors also suggest another study that uses a non-hypothetical choice experimental approach to elicit households’ WTP a premium price for the product. Originality/value – This paper shows how consumers’ decisions to purchase certified farm-raised Atlantic salmon can be affected by a series of demographic, socio-economicand other variables that reflect consumers’ awareness of issues surroundings farmed Atlantic salmon and quality assurance.

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Poudyal, Mahesh, Julia P. G. Jones, O. Sarobidy Rakotonarivo, Neal Hockley, James M. Gibbons, Rina Mandimbiniaina, Alexandra Rasoamanana, Nilsen S. Andrianantenaina y Bruno S. Ramamonjisoa. "Who bears the cost of forest conservation?" PeerJ 6 (5 de julio de 2018): e5106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5106.

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Background While the importance of conserving ecosystems for sustainable development is widely recognized, it is increasingly evident that despite delivering global benefits, conservation often comes at local cost. Protected areas funded by multilateral lenders have explicit commitments to ensure that those negatively affected are adequately compensated. We make the first comparison of the magnitude and distribution of the local costs of a protected area with the magnitude and distribution of the compensation provided under the World Bank social safeguard policies (Performance Standard 5). Methods In the Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor (a new protected area and REDD+ pilot project in eastern Madagascar), we used choice experiments to estimate local opportunity costs (n = 453) which we annualized using a range of conservative assumptions concerning discount rates. Detailed surveys covering farm inputs and outputs as well as off-farm income (n = 102) allowed us to explore these opportunity costs as a proportion of local incomes. Intensive review of publically available documents provided estimates of the number of households that received safeguard compensation and the amount spent per household. We carried out a contingent valuation exercise with beneficiaries of this compensation two years after the micro-development projects were implemented (n = 62) to estimate their value as perceived by beneficiaries. Results Conservation restrictions result in very significant costs to forest communities. The median net present value of the opportunity cost across households in all sites was US$2,375. When annualized, these costs represent 27–84% of total annual income for median-income households; significantly higher proportionally for poorer households. Although some households have received compensation, we conservatively estimate that more than 50% of eligible households (3,020 households) have not. Given the magnitude of compensation (based both on amount spent and valuation by recipients two years after the compensation was distributed) relative to costs, we argue that no one was fully compensated. Achieving full compensation will require an order of magnitude more than was spent but we suggest that this should be affordable given the global value of forest conservation. Discussion By analyzing in unprecedented depth both the local costs of conservation, and the compensation distributed under donor policies, we demonstrate that despite well-intentioned policies, some of the poorest people on the planet are still bearing the cost of forest conservation. Unless significant extra funding is provided by the global beneficiaries of conservation, donors’ social safeguarding requirements will not be met, and forest conservation in developing countries will jeopardize, rather than contribute to, sustainable development goals.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Farm valuation, NSW"

Eves, Alfred Christopher, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, College of Law and Business y of Construction Property and Planning School. "An analysis of rural land prices :1975-1996". THESIS_CLAB_CPP_Eves_A.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/767.

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The rural land market in Australia is a very complex property market. This complexity is not limited to the volatility of the returns in the rural land market, but also those factors that influence the change inland prices within specific rural property markets. Rural land returns – over the period 1975-1996, there has been higher than the returns achieved from residential and commercial real estate in respective rural areas: traditional farming areas have not provided the same level of returns as developing and marginal farming areas. Economic and financial factors and rural land prices – there is significant correlation between rural land price trends in adjoining areas with similar land use and level of farming development: as the distance between specific rural area increases the correlation between changes in land price decreases. Modelling rural land values – relationship between change in rural land prices and the change in economic factors is more significant in the developing and marginal cropping areas compared to the traditional cropping areas: there is a more significant association between rural land prices and rural economic factors when the economic factors are lagged, rather than contemporaneous. Rural property and valuation implications – rural land sales in one location are generally not an accurate measure of changing prices in another location: factors other than rural economic factors have a greater impact on rural land prices in areas which are closer settled or where alternate non agricultural land uses are available
Master of Commerce (Hons.)

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Eves, Alfred C. "An analysis of rural land prices :1975-1996". Thesis, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/767.

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Libros sobre el tema "Farm valuation, NSW"

Co, North East Appraisals &. Management. A review and critique of current methodologies used for determining agricultural use values in New York State. [Ithaca, N.Y.?]: North East Appraisals & Management Co., 1986.

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Boisvert, Richard N. Property tax relief from New York's farmland assessments and agricultural buildings exemptions in the 1980's. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1991.

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Shaik, Saleem. Did 1933 New Deal legislation contribute to farm real estate: Temporal and spatial analysis. Fargo, N.D: Dept. of Agribusiness and Applied Economics, North Dakota State University, 2010.

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Clarke, John. Colonial land policy: The "new system" in upper Canada in 1825. Ottawa: Carleton Univ., Dept. of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, 1994.

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Bills, Nelson L. Agricultural districts: Lessons from New York. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural, Resource, and Managerial Economics, Cornell University, 1998.

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Committee, New Jersey Legislature General Assembly Agriculture and Natural Resources. Public hearing before Assembly Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee: Wildfire management in the Pinelands : [August 29, 2002, Williamstown, New Jersey]. Trenton, N.J: The Unit, 2002.

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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee. Public hearing before Assembly Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee: Testimony on the subject of using decommissioned subway cars as artificial reefs. Trenton, N.J: Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit, 2002.

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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee. Public hearing before Assembly Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee: Assembly concurrent resolution No. 10 : testimony from invited guests concerning the future of the Garden State Preservation Trust, Cultural Center, 300 Mendham Road, Morristown, New Jersey, March 20, 2007, 6:30 p.m. Trenton, N.J: Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit, 2007.

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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee. Public hearing before Assembly Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee: Assembly bill no. 2143, the Green Acres, Farmland and Historic Preservation, and Lake, Stream, and Dam Restoration Bond Act of 1998 : authorizes $210 million in bonds for those purposes, and appropriates $5,000. Trenton, N.J. (PO Box 068, Trenton 08625-0068): The Unit, 1998.

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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee. Public hearing before Assembly Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee: Assembly bill no. 2373 (prescribes method for appraising farmland in pinelands area for farmland preservation purposes). Trenton, N.J. (PO Box 068, Trenton 08625): The Committee, 1998.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Farm valuation, NSW"

Chiaravalloti, Francesco. "Performance Evaluation in the Arts". En The Oxford Handbook of Arts and Cultural Management, C38S1—C38N3. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197621615.013.38.

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Abstract Arts management research on performance evaluation has been characterized by an applied approach, focusing on providing arts organizations with performance evaluation models and techniques, rather than seeking to understand the meaning of performance and its evaluation in the specific contexts in which individual organizations operate. However, the latter is a precondition for developing and implementing performance evaluation systems that mirror the reality of artistic work and are thus useful for both organizations and their stakeholders. This chapter reviews two bodies of literature: critical accounting studies and valuation studies. Though both fields have remained lateral to arts management research so far, the review shows that critical accounting studies can contribute to a better understanding of the friction between different logics that emerges from the application of new public-management-oriented procedures of evaluation to arts organizations. At the same time, they show the limits of accounting in representing the alternative logics and systems of evaluation that arts organizations apply in order to compensate for the inadequacy of those imposed by regulatory bodies. Valuation studies on the arts stimulate the inclusion of non-market-driven concepts of value and the valorization of aesthetic-emotional logics of evaluation rather than scientific-rational ones. In particular, they highlight forms of judgment that provide alternatives to the currently dominant calculative technologies of evaluation. Closing the current gap in understanding is the first step in a new pragmatic agenda for research on performance evaluation in the arts.

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Sandborn, Peter, Taoufik Jazouli y Gilbert Haddad. "Supporting Business Cases for PHM". En Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems, 268–90. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2095-7.ch014.

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The development and demonstration of innovative prognostics and health management (PHM) technology is necessary but not sufficient for widespread adoption of PHM concepts within systems. Without the ability to create viable business cases for the insertion of the new technology into systems and associated management processes, PHM will remain a novelty that is not widely disseminated. This chapter addresses two key capabilities necessary for supporting business cases for the inclusion and optimization of PHM within systems. First, the chapter describes the construction of life-cycle cost models that enable return on investment estimations for the inclusion of PHM within systems and the valuation of maintenance options. Second, the chapter addresses the support of availability-centric requirements (e.g., availability contracts) for critical systems that incorporate PHM, and the resulting value that can be realized. Examples associated with avionics, wind turbines, and wind farms are provided.

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RubiÉs, Joan-Pau. "What Is Left of the Renaissance? The Discovery of the World and of Man from a Cosmopolitan Perspective". En A Renaissance Reclaimed, 177–205. British Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267325.003.0009.

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The ‘discovery of the world and of man’ was, for Jacob Burckhardt, the description of a new intellectual attitude. Much of the context for this change of attitude, however, was not simply the recovery of classical antiquity, but also the dramatic expansion of Europe’s geographical horizons and subsequent colonial experience, of which the discovery of a New World across the Ocean became the most potent symbol. However, the precise interaction between changing attitudes and new experiences is far from clear, as illustrated by the debate about the intellectual ‘impact’ of the discovery of the New World that dominated historiographical debate during the second half of the 20th century. Between those who emphasised the tendency to interpret novelty through the distorting lenses of the classical world, and more recent perspectives that have advocated a close and generative interaction between travel writing and humanistic culture, there is room for a fresh re-assessment of the cultural mechanisms that underpinned the positive valuation of curiosity and scientific ‘discovery’ throughout the Renaissance. This exercise invites us to reconsider Burckhardt’s assumptions and interrogate the extent to which they remained influenced by the mythology of discovery created by Renaissance historians.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Farm valuation, NSW"

Senadheera, S. y E. Warusavitharana. "A Property valuation model to identify thriving real estate opportunities, based on spatial factors". En Independence and interdependence of sustainable spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2022.21.

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Traditional valuation techniques are used to evaluate the value of a property in most developing countries, despite the fact that the world is expanding with new technical developments in every discipline, including spatial science. Traditional techniques are primarily biased on physical and economic variables, but not on spatial variables. As a result, the purpose of this study is to investigate the gap in practice in advanced valuation approaches that can grasp the impact of spatial (geographical) variables on a property's value. In order to experiment it, a valuation model using the Geographical Information System has been created for an urban local area that generates the spatial heterogeneity of property values. Also, a coefficient of correlation analysis was carried out to identify relationship strengths with the property’s value. Results indicated that in the case study area, the strongest impact on property value is from the spatial variables of distance to main city, distance to major “A” class road and breadth of access road in order. Further, a multi linear regression equation has been derived to generate an estimation of each plot’s property assessed value. Ultimately this model could serve as a guidance tool for any real estate party to estimate property values based on spatial variables.

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Ojukwu, Kelechi, Omowumi Iledare, Joseph Ajienka, Adewale Dosunmu y Chidi Ibe. "Estimating Fair Market Value of Petroleum Assets in Nigeria: A Risk-Based Approach". En SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207078-ms.

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Abstract Many independent Nigerian oil & gas companies have emerged over the last decade out ofthe divestments of ageing petroleum assets by multinational oil companies. Thesetransactions are marked by pervasive cases of overvaluation and huge gap in offers that leadto unnecessarily high acquisition costs. Petroleum analysts around the world adopt the Discounted Cashflow Analysis method forestimating present value of future oil production revenues. Unfortunately, project economicsusing conventional analysis does not de-risk the reserves components appropriately oraccount for the excess and political risk premiums. Even when analysts derive the NetPresent Value from conventional evaluation, say at discount rates of say 10% or 15%, theyface the dilemma of extracting offer price from that figure. Some post a conservative offerbased on 50% NPV, while others throw in all the NPV in a scheme to win the bid at all cost. Some also start by guesstimating value by rule of thumb and then offer the NPV that is leftbehind. The decision to offer a given percentage of the NPV is entirely subjective and variesamongst investors and as such does not depict a logical perception of market value, or therisks thereof. Furthermore, by omitting political risk, buyers are invariably ignoring the mostcrucial risk of all. The adoption of different bases of reserves tend to compound the problemby yielding NPVs that are few and far between each other. They are usually based on un-risked ‘proved plus probable’ (2P) reserves, which is highly speculative and unrealistic forvaluation. For the first time, the concerns of high purchase price and offer gaps were debuggedleveraging the new Risk-Based Valuation approach which is based on a modified Discounted Cashflow model. A research deeply investigates the problems first by reconstructing originaltransaction to identify the root causes. Furthermore, the study concludes that buyers arepaying on average 4 times the value and that regulating reserves base is fundamental inorder to minimize offer gaps that sometimes tend to a billion dollars for large deals. Thus, the Risk-Based Discounted Cashflow Analysis technique can help prevent overpricing orunderpricing of Nigerian assets, minimize offer gaps in the market as well as account for theimpact of political risks (or its mitigation) in valuation.

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