Bibliografías temáticas / Farm financing

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Farm financing"

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Publicado: 18 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Farm financing"

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Omobitan, Omobolaji y Aditya R. Khanal. "Examining Farm Financial Management: How Do Small US Farms Meet Their Agricultural Expenses?" Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, n.º 3 (10 de marzo de 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15030133.

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Small farms in the US have significant challenges in financial management. This study examines how small farmers undertake farm financial management to meet their agricultural and farm-related spending and expenses. Using primary survey data from Tennessee, the study investigates the factors influencing the extent of use of five financing sources to meet the spending and expenses: cash/fund directly generated from the sale of agricultural products, farmer’s past savings, farm household’s off-farm income, income/incentives from government payments, and external loans. Using negative binomial regression estimation of generalized linear models, findings suggest that the decision on the use of financing sources is significantly influenced in general by age, education, income and land acreage holdings, off-farm work, and risk factors related to farmer or farm household. However, the associated factors and their effects on the extent of use are different depending on the financing source.
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Dodson, Charles B., Bruce L. Ahrendsen y Gianna Short. "Does use of nontraditional credit increase risk?" Agricultural Finance Review 82, n.º 2 (20 de enero de 2022): 359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-06-2021-0085.

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PurposeA potential farm policy concern is that if nontraditional (vendor/point-of-sale) financing represents increased risk, it may have an aggregate effect on sector-wide farm financial risk. This analysis examines the use of nontraditional lender credit among borrowers in the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s Farm Service Agency (FSA)'s direct farm loan programs.Design/methodology/approachData source included the USDA FSA direct operating loan program for 2011–2020. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the occurrence of default over seven-year term direct operating loans.FindingsResults indicated that point-of-sale financing has a significant and positive relationship with risk for FSA direct operating loan borrowers. The presence of intermediate point-of-sale financing (mostly from machinery and equipment vendors) is associated with an increased probability of default of 9%, and the presence of such loan balances in the amount of $50,000 or more had a higher probability of default of 21%. Short-term nontraditional financing (for example from fertilizer vendors) was found to be positively related to borrower risk of default as indicated by a 22–25% increase in the likelihood of loan default.Originality/valueThrough FSA Farm Business Plan data, the authors were able to distinguish specific vendors and their loan purpose, which advances the knowledge beyond what is currently available through survey data. Findings indicate a minor increase in borrower risk for those with intermediate-term nontraditional financing. However, borrowers with short-term nontraditional financing and having large balances or greater number of nontraditional loans had increases in risk of default by substantive amounts.
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Gao, Xin, Hong Chen, Yuyi Chen, Yuyang Feng, Zixuan Cai y Hong Cheng. "Suggestions to Alleviate the Financing Risks of Family Farmers: Based on the Investigation Report of Pig Farmers in Jiulongshan Town, Kaizhou District, Chongqing". Financial Forum 9, n.º 2 (14 de julio de 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/ff.v9i2.876.

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<p>In 2013, the Central Document No. 1 first proposed the concept of "family farm". As an important part of rural economic development, family farms have increasingly significant financing risks. The No. 1 document of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2018 proposed a strategy to overcome poverty and achieve rural revitalization. Therefore, it is of great value and significance to study the financing risks of family farmers and explore solutions. This article is based on an in-depth investigation and analysis of the farm development status, land circulation, and mortgage financing of family farm land contract management rights in Jiulongshan Town, Kaizhou District, Chongqing. In addition, it also investigates the implementation and publicity of the financial support policies of rural commercial banks, the Agricultural Bank of China, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, and the Postal Savings Bank on family farmer financing. Finally, the existing problems are analyzed and relevant policy suggestions are put forward.</p>
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Appiah-Twumasi, Mark, Samuel A. Donkoh y Isaac Gershon Kodwo Ansah. "Farmer innovations in financing smallholder maize production in Northern Ghana". Agricultural Finance Review 80, n.º 3 (30 de diciembre de 2019): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-05-2019-0059.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore smallholder agricultural financing in Ghana’s Northern region by identifying farmers’ preferred traditional and innovative financing methods and estimating the determinants of use of innovative financing methods. Design/methodology/approach This paper presented a list of documented traditional financing methods to farmers during in-depth interviews and employed descriptive statistics to summarize choice and amounts sourced from traditional methods. Two questions from the survey revealed a felt need for extra financing sources for credit-rationed farmers. Farmers with positive responses to either or both questions were classified as “users of innovative financing”. The authors then used a probit model to examine factors that influence decisions to use innovative financing method. Findings Farmers’ own savings, reinvesting past season’s profits and financing maize production with income from other commercial crops were the most popular traditional methods. The authors found complementary relations between formal and informal lending systems in the rural financial market. Smallholders also took farm and non-farm “by-day” jobs to raise income for farm investment and/or joined Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLAs) specifically to take advantage of possible credit opportunities. These two latter methods were operationalized in this study as innovative agricultural financing. The results show that access to credit, social capital and market participation increased the likelihood of using innovative financing methods. Alternatively, farmer group membership, diversity in crop production and being a household head diminished the likelihood of innovative financing use. Practical implications The activities of VSLAs can be regulated and expanded to spread its benefits to more farmers. Also, creating avenues for dry season labour market participation in the region could enable farmers raise capital for farm investment. Originality/value This study explores existing practices and farmer innovations to agricultural financing and, by so doing, deviates from the vast literature focussing mainly on microcredit provisioning as the main model of smallholder agricultural financing in Africa.
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Luo, Ying, Tianyu Deng, Qiang Wei, Guoan Xiao y Qihui Ling. "Optimal Financing Decision in a Contract Food Supply Chain with Capital Constraint". Complexity 2021 (9 de julio de 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8925102.

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To solve the financing problem of the food producers, we consider a two-echelon contract food supply chain composed of a family farm with capital constraints and a food processing enterprise. With no capital constraints as the benchmark model, we analyze optimal decisions of the family farm and the food processing enterprise in the case of bank financing with bank participation only and bank financing with “government, bank, and insurance” coparticipation. Then, we discuss how the risk of yield uncertainty influences the optimal decisions and profits of the family farm and the food processing enterprise under different financing situation. Meanwhile, the reason why the government subsidizes agriculture is explored, and the policy of minimum purchase price of the food is initiated when the market price is too low. Finally, the numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are presented. The results show that the bank financing with “government, bank, and insurance” coparticipation improves the welfare of supply chain members more obviously than the bank financing with bank participation only; when the rice price is too low, the policy of minimum purchase price of food is initiated, which increases the revenue and the growing enthusiasm of the family farm; the profits of the family farm and the food processing enterprise will decrease as the risk of yield uncertainty increases in the case of bank financing, and the risk of yield uncertainty will be reduced for the family farm when bank financing with “government, bank, and insurance” coparticipation.
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Thilmany, Dawn, Allison Bauman, Joleen Hadrich, Becca B. R. Jablonski y Martha Sullins. "Unique financing strategies among beginning farmers and ranchers: differences among multigenerational and beginning operations". Agricultural Finance Review 82, n.º 2 (9 de diciembre de 2021): 285–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-05-2021-0070.

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PurposeBeginning farmers have unique challenges securing credit because they are less likely to have established sales and collateral for secured loans. This article explores US beginning farmers’ financing strategies relative to those of established operations, with a focus on the source of financing and debt structure (short- vs long-term usage). Agricultural operations commonly use nontraditional financing tools and strategies to start, build and/or sustain their businesses. This article provides a comparative overview of financing strategies comparing established operators to operations with only beginning operators, as well as those multigenerational operations with at least one beginning operator.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses 2013–2016 USDA Agricultural Resource Management Survey data to explore how various financing patterns vary across US beginning farmers and ranchers with a particular focus on understanding differences where (1) all operators are beginning, (2) there is a mix of beginning and established operators and (3) all operators are established.FindingsThis article explores how the nature of beginning farmer status, human capital resources and alternative marketing strategies may influence financial management strategies and lead to differential use of nontraditional financing sources for beginning farmers and ranchers.Originality/valueThough exploratory, the authors hope that attention to patterns among US beginning farmers and ranchers of reliance on human capital resources including off-farm income and type of beginning farm operation, nontraditional government support programs and alternative marketing strategies can provide important information as to the role of nontraditional credit in the US farm economy.
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Pasaribu, S. M., B. Sayaka, A. de Braw, S. H. Suhartini y F. B. M. Dabukke. "Agricultural value chain financing: a case study in Ciamis District, West Java Province". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 012095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012095.

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Abstract Smallholding farmers frequently deal with shortage of working capital to cover farm costs. Given the applied terms and conditions, a lot of farmers unable to access the current People’s Business Credit (KUR), while a holistic value chain financial support is required to achieve sustainable food production. Limited capacity of formal rural-based financial institutions encourages the local money lenders to take opportunity of financially support the farmers. In response to this issue, a case study was conducted in Ciamis District, West Java Province. Primary data was collected using an interview technique. Data were organized, processed, an interpreted using a descriptive type of analysis. The study revealed that the rice farmers need an inclusive credit support from pre-planting to post-harvest and marketing of their products. Farmers require working capital to continue their farm activities and to support value chain financing of the agribusiness. Although the existing local micro financial institutions showed good performance, however they lacked fund and access to formal financial institutions such as banks or CSR soft loans. Government is suggested to strengthen the existing local micro financial institutions by linking them to sources of funds and to support business to business relations for better service to smallholding farmers. Inclusive value chain financing implies that farmers, micro financial institutions, and local governments are strongly integrated to achieve better farm performance. Ministry of Agriculture has a strategic role to take initiative to strengthening an inclusive agricultural value chain financing on the existing local micro financial institutions.
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Fitriana, Widya. "LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO SYARIAH: EKSISTENSI DAN AKSESIBILITASNYA BAGI PEMBIAYAAN USAHATANI DI SUMATERA BARAT (Studi Kasus: Koperasi Jasa Keuangan Syariah (KJKS) Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT))". Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 4, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2016): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jai.2016.4.2.149-162.

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<em>Farm financing is one of the factors facilitating the development of agriculture which allow farmers to expand the scale of farming and adopt new technologies. Unfortunately, a number of financial institutions often perceive farmers as "unbankable poor" that is costly to finance. KJKS BMT is one financial institution that is initiated by the government of West Sumatra's mission of poverty reduction in rural areas in particular to improve the access of small farmers to credit. So this study aims to identify and analyze the existence and accessibility of financing KJKS BMT in serving the financing of farming in West Sumatra. This study was conducted in a multi-stage random sampling, cities that randomly selected are Kota Padang and Bukittinggi, and then for each city, one KJKS BMT is also randomly selected. Primary data were collected by interviewing 60 respondent’s farmers. This research uses grounded research methods and data analysis in qualitative descriptive. Period of observation data for 2 years ie 2012-2014. Existence of KJKS BMT to finance farming measured by used five indicator namely a) The number of customers, b) The number of farmer customers, c) credit share for the agricultural, d) The number of farm financing and e) Development of BMT’s human resources. Furthermore accessibility is measured using six indicators, namely: (a) access to information, (b) access to loan procedure, (c) access to the maximum limit, (d) access to the time of disbursement, (e) access to loan repayment, and ( f) facilitation of access to financing. The results show that (1) although the existence of KJKS BMT start respected by rural communities, and even show a positive growth, but the credit share given by KJKS BMT to farm credit is still very small compared to another sectors (like trade and manufactures) which are less than 5%, Even though the level of customer growth of farmers during the past two years is reach 75%, higher than the growth of total customer (2) Accessibility of KJKS BMT to farm financing overall is good, although there are several factor that must be addressed like the availability of information, the number of loan, monitoring and loan supervision.</em>
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Rojas, Adrián. "Diseño de un sistema de análisis financiero de modelos de finca para proyectos de desarrollo rural." Agronomía Mesoamericana 7, n.º 2 (2 de junio de 2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v7i2.24761.

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The following text describes an system which measures the financial factors that show the feasible production level of farm models. It also provides the basis to evaluate investment plans and paying capacity. This system permits to enter the costs and income of each tillage per year. Moreover it contains the income and costs the farm models. This information is included and brought up to date by the system. It will permit to make projections of cash flow not only before but also after the financing. The objective is to evaluate the effect of the financing over the investment made in a separate way. It also has the capacity to store information for several crop farm models an it is allowed to make the corresponding changes to each piece of data. In addition it offers a sensitivity analysis with percent variations in the cost and income.
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Saragih, Faoeza Hafiz. "PEMBIAYAAN SYARIAH SEKTOR PERTANIAN". JURNAL AGRICA 10, n.º 2 (31 de octubre de 2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/agrica.v10i2.1458.

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<p><em> Indonesia is an agriculture country, which means the agricultural sector was an important role in the Indonesian economy. One of the main problems faced by the agricultural sector is the lack of farmer capital in developing his farm, the farmer is not able to fund their farm with their own funds. The agricultural sector is known to be quite risky and uncertain and this make the financial institutions to fund this sector is relatively low. Other financing alternatives that may be the solution for farmers is the shariah financing institutions. Some shariah products which can be applied to agribusiness, among others: Mudharabah, Musharaka, muzara'ah, musaqoh, bai 'murabahah, bai istishna, bai' as-salam and rahn.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keyword: Agriculture, Financing, Shariah</em></strong></p>
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Tesis sobre el tema "Farm financing"

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Lagerkvist, Carl Johan. "Essays on the user cost of capital and financing of the agricultural firm /". Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5720-3.pdf.

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Dunaway, Tarrah M. "Farm Financial Performance of Kentucky Farms". UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/13.

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This study examines farm financial performance of Kentucky farms using Kentucky Farm Business Management data from 1998-2010. Logit models are used to estimate the likelihood of farm characteristics affecting whether financial ratios fall into critical zones or not. The results show that large farms in terms of total gross returns and total assets are less likely to experience repayment capacity problems. Total gross returns significantly affect all five financial measures. These findings will help farmers and lenders understand what factors influence farm financial performance. Profitability migration is tested to see if the migration probabilities differ across business cycles. Migration drift is also tested to determine if the Markov property of independence is violated. Results show substantial retention in return on equity (ROE) performance over time, and a tendency for trend-reversal if ROE changes occur. Results are compared to previous literature using ARMS data and Illinois FBFM.
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Zouharová, Marie. "Podnikatelský záměr". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223626.

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The diploma thesis deals with the description of the business plan whose main aim is the establishment of an organic poultry eco-farm. The theoretical part specifies the various stages of the business plan and analyzes the current status of organic farms in the Czech Republic. The practical part focuses on the business plan of the establishment of poultry farm and mainly on its creation and there is also the analysis of possible funding from the EU Structural Funds.
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Mackovík, Jaroslav. "Podnikatelský záměr-restrukturalizace živočišné výroby v zemědělském podniku". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241464.

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The aim of the thesis is a business plan - restructuring of livestock production in farm. The thesis uses theoretical findings from the field of business activity financing, company analysis and evaluation of investment efficiency. The project includes investment plan, its execution and evaluation.
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Florey, Barrie H. W. "Appraising farm business financial performance indicators". Thesis, Bangor University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417259.

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Newkirk, Kevin J. "Financial performance comparison for ABC Farm". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19692.

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Master of Agribusiness
Department of Agricultural Economics
Michael Langemeier
This thesis had two objectives. One objective was to compare one northeast Kansas farm's financial performance from 2002 through 2011 to various groups of farms participating in the Kansas Farm Management Association (KFMA) during the same period. The second objective was to compare the crop acreage growth trends of the same northeast Kansas farm from 2002 through 2011 to the same groups of farms participating in the KFMA. In this thesis the northeast Kansas farm was referred to as ABC Farm. The purpose of this thesis was to provide ABC Farm's owners and management with information that could be used to formulate long-term goals for ABC Farm and to help identify strategies for achieving those goals. ABC Farm's 10-year financial performance was compared to six different KFMA member groups using 12 different financial measures or ratios. The KFMA groups included all NE region farms, NE region farms in the highest value of farm production (VFP) category, STATE irrigated crop farms, NE region farms in the highest net farm income quartile, NE region farms in the highest crop acreage category, and NE region farms in the lowest adjusted total expense ratio quartile. The 12 financial measures or ratios included VFP, net farm income, adjusted total expense ratio, operating profit margin ratio, asset turnover ratio, percent return on assets, VFP per worker, total crop acres farmed, crop machinery investment per crop acre, crop machinery cost per crop acre, current ratio, and debt to asset ratio. ABC Farm's 10-year average financial performance was better than the 10-year average of any KFMA group for most financial measures. ABC Farm's VFP, net farm income, operating profit margin ratio, VFP per worker, total crop acres, and current ratio were all higher than any KFMA group. ABC Farm's adjusted total expense ratio, crop machinery cost per crop acre, and debt to asset ratio were also lower than those of the various KFMA groups compared to. ABC Farm did not compare favorably to other KFMA groups for some of the financial measures. ABC Farm's average crop machinery investment per crop acre was higher than every group. ABC Farm's average asset turnover ratio was lower than every group. ABC Farm's average return on assets was lower than all but one group, all NE region farms.
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Stabel, Jayce. "Farm financial persistence and characteristic analysis". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38798.

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Master of Science
Department of Agricultural Economics
Terry Griffin
Farmers and agricultural lenders often seek the ability to identify positive or negative characteristics to improve farm operations. Determining these characteristics has been the goal of many research studies. More often than not, a unique set of uncontrollable events was credited for contributing the majority of one farm’s success relative to their peers. The goal of this study was to evaluate the assumption that farmers can control their financial persistence defined as remaining in their current financial category, based upon a farm’s debt to asset ratio (D/A), and net farm income per acre (NFI acre⁻¹). Financial categories give agricultural producers a concrete answer to the question of one farm’s ability to maintain their financial persistence during market downturns and poor growing conditions and include Favorable, Marginal Income, Marginal Solvency, and Vulnerable. Farmers across the United States are subject to many uncontrollable variables (temperature, precipitation, market volatility, land value fluctuations, interest rates) leaving them vulnerable to agricultural market downturns, such as the one that began in 2014. Seasonal cash inflows and outflows of farms and their profitability create a difficult situation for farmers and agricultural lenders alike to predict the future. Identifying and estimating the likelihood of financial persistence has become an area of interest for farmers, their advisors, and their financial lenders. Currently, agricultural lenders rely on loan assessment techniques, such as net present values and loss-based methods. These techniques fail to account for the unique and often long-term investment nature of farming. If an additional method for identifying at-risk farms or at least understanding the likelihood of persistence in farms could be found, it would provide an insight into the riskiness of lending to a farm and provide agricultural lenders with an additional analysis tool. The dynamic nature of farm financials and the ever-changing variables of farming limit traditional statistical methods. Considering the difficulty associated with predicting farm default rates due to the complexity of the question, a secondary approach is possible. This study utilized an approach in determining farm financial persistence by estimating the Markov Chain probabilities of four financial categories ranging from Favorable, solvent with positive income to Vulnerable, an insolvent and negative income financial position. Kansas Farm Management Association (KFMA) data from 1993 to 2014 were used to estimate the probability of transitioning between financial categories. This thesis combines transition probabilities of Kanas farms and a multinomial logit model (MNL) to identify farm characteristics of significance. The matrix of probabilities generated, when interpreted, provide information about Kansas farms and their probability of financial persistence, and the MNL model allows for insights into favorable or un-favorable farm characteristics. Farms were found to transition easily between financial categories that had the same debt to asset ratio (D/A), but different net farm income per acre (NFI acre⁻¹, positive or negative) indicating that farm income is more easily changed than farm D/A ratios. Farms in the Favorable category (D/A < 0.4, + NFI acre⁻¹) had the largest probability of financial persistence at 0.83, whereas Vulnerable farms (D/A > 0.4, - NFI acre⁻¹) were most likely to transition to the Marginal Solvency category (D/A > 0.4, + NFI acre⁻¹) with a probability of transitioning of 0.55 versus the probability of remaining in the Vulnerable category of 0.33. It was also found that crop mixture and age were not statistically significant in the MNL model, but gross profit margin and a farm’s percentage of owned land out of total crop acres were statistically significant in explaining why farms were in each category.
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Jette-Nantel, Simon. "Implications of Off-Farm Income for Farm Income Stabilization Policies". UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/15.

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This dissertation examines to what extent off-farm diversification may be an appropriate and accessible tool to mitigate the adverse effects from market failures and incompleteness in the crop and farm income insurance market. While the influence of the nonfarm sector has long been recognized as a primary force in shaping farm structure, off-farm income is rarely acknowledge as a risk management tool for operators and households of commercial farms. The dissertation develops a dynamic model that includes capital market imperfections, economies of scale in farm production, and the presence of adjustment costs in labor allocation decisions. The model provides a realistic characterization of the environment defining income and financial risks faced by farm operators, as well as the risk management alternatives available to them. It is found that introducing off-farm labor can substantially mitigate the adverse effects of farm income risk on farm operators' and households' welfare, even for larger commercial farms. However, the diversification of labor by the main operator seems to impose labor and managerial constraints that can reduce the intensity and technical efficiency of the farm production. Alternatively, diversification at the household level through the allocation of spousal labor off the farm provides benefits in mitigating the adverse effects of farm income risk on farm production and efficiency, and on operators and households welfare. It thus provides an efficient risk management alternative that is consistent with most rationales that are invoked to justify farm policies. Results suggest that the increasing incidence and importance of off-farm income within the farm population of most OECD countries is highly relevant in the design of effective farm policies This form of diversification can reduce the need and effectiveness of farm income stabilization polices. While it has been argued elsewhere that broader economic policies had a large influence in closing the income gap between farm and urban households, such policies may also have a role to play in addressing farm income risk issues and, in some cases, may represent more sustainable and efficient policy alternatives.
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Victoria, Vanessa Francesca Villanueva. "Impacts of Best Management Practices on Farm Financial Performance". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36192.

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A rapidly changing global agribusiness environment creates a challenge for commercially oriented agricultural producers to improve business acumen through strategy development and execution. A best management practice is broadly defined as a practice that is considered to be most effective in improving business performance. This study examined the relationship of financial leverage and management practices with financial performance on a group of Minnesota and Northwest farms. Management practices were classified into seven broad categories of management, namely strategic planning, financial management, networking, marketing, technology adoption, family relationship and human resources management. Using multiple regression analysis on 242 observations, the effects of financial leverage and management practices on revenues and profits were determined. While the relationship of best management practices with profitability is less conclusive, this study concludes statistically significant relationships between management practices and financial performance, measured in terms of revenues. There exist positive and statistically significant returns to business planning, transition management, customer management and family relationship management.
Master of Science
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TEIXEIRA, FERNANDO ORMONDE. "FINANCIAL OPTIMIZATION OF A WIND FARM IN THE BRAZILIAN ENERGY MARKET". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29477@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Investigam-se modelos econométricos que sejam capazes de efetuar uma previsão mensal de vento em um parque eólico no Ceará. São testados modelos da família ARMA que consigam capturar a sazonalidade inerente ao movimento das massas de ar e que tragam benefícios aos empreendimentos eólicos localizados no Brasil e na região. Para tal, a previsão de vento é transformada em previsão de geração de energia. Em seguida, é elaborada uma metodologia para encontrar a melhor estratégia de ação a qual maximize o resultado da empresa tendo-se como meta o lucro e restrições de Value at Risk (VaR) e Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR). Os possíveis resultados de geração de energia são simulados concomitantemente com a simulação de preços de liquidação (PLD).
We investigate econometric models that are capable of predicting the wind speed in a wind farm located in the state of Ceará, Brazil. ARMA models are tested to try to capture the seasonality inherent to the wind and that bring benefits to the firms operating wind farms in the region. Wind is converted in power generation to allow predictions to be more precise. Then, a methodology is created to find the best strategy, the one that maximizes the firm s profit. An optimization is made with VaR and CVaR as constraints. The simulated results of power generation are then put together with a simulation of liquidation s price (PLD).
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Libros sobre el tema "Farm financing"

1

Cañeda, Leo C. A guide to farm financing. Manila: Agricultural Credit Policy Council, Dept. of Agriculture, 1989.

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2

Ralph, Chite y Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, eds. Farm commodity programs: Financing and costs. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1993.

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3

Kershen, Drew L. Farm products financing and filing service. Boston: Warren, Gorham & Lamont, 1990.

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1944-, Gurdev Singh, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development., Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. y National Consultation on Marketing of Non-farm Products (1991 : Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad), eds. Non-farm rural products: Marketing and financing. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1994.

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Reenen, M. J. Van. Farm management: Financing, investment, and human resources management. Hatfield, Pretoria: JL van Schaik Academic, 1995.

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Financing the family farm to the year 2000. [Ottawa]: Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, 1988.

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Freshwater, David. New approaches to financing long-term farm debt. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1987.

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Dharmawan, Arya-Hadi. Farm income and financing in rural Indonesia: A case study from West Kalimantan. Aachen: Alano, 1994.

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P, Olsen J. y Walden Luke, eds. The Narcotic Farm. New York: Abrams, 2008.

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Kuzin, V. F. Rentnye otnoshenii͡a︡ i khozraschet v selʹskom khozi͡a︡ĭstve. Moskva: Ėkonomika, 1987.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Farm financing"

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Koomson, Isaac y Muazu Ibrahim. "Financial Inclusion and Growth of Non-farm Enterprises in Ghana". En Financing Sustainable Development in Africa, 369–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78843-2_14.

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Musah-Surugu, Justice Issah y Samuel Weniga Anuga. "Remittances as a Game Changer for Climate Change Adaptation Financing for the Most Vulnerable: Empirical Evidence from Northern Ghana". En Remittances as Social Practices and Agents of Change, 343–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81504-2_15.

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AbstractEmerging discourses in the field of climate change adaptation finance contend that remittances could complement other sources of financing adaptation given their propensity to reach the most vulnerable in comparison to public expenditure. This notwithstanding, fewer empirical studies have examined this claim. Employing an Order Rank Logit (ORL) and multinomial logit structural decomposition models, this study found that remittances influenced smallholder farmers’ engagement in off-farm jobs, irrigation farming, cultivation of improved crop varieties, use of compost/animal manure, and crop rotation, but inversely predicted Indexed-based Insurance (IBI). The study concludes that remittances are vital in financing climate change adaptation and, if appropriately yoked into climate intervention policies, could strengthen and enable farmers fashion out adaptation strategies that present high-medium to long-term dividends.
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Olson, Kent y John Westra. "Financial Analysis". En The Economics of Farm Management, 212–48. 2a ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003280712-13.

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Olson, Kent y John Westra. "Financial Management". En The Economics of Farm Management, 249–71. 2a ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003280712-14.

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Olson, Kent y John Westra. "Financial Statements". En The Economics of Farm Management, 193–211. 2a ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003280712-12.

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Leistritz, F. Larry y Freddie L. Barnard. "Financial Characteristics of Farm Operators". En Beyond the Amber Waves of Grain, 53–69. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429046643-4.

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Harbaugh, Isabel. "Overcoming Financial Barriers". En Smallholders and the Non-Farm Transition in Latin America, 34–53. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137487162_3.

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Bryant, Lia. "Social Aspects of the Farm Financial Crisis". En Agriculture, Environment and Society, 157–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15165-3_9.

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Burpee, Gaye y Kim Wilson. "8. Going to market: support in selling farm products; Banking on the family: financial services to farm families". En The Resilient Family Farm, 120–39. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445786.008.

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Moss, Charles B., Jaclyn D. Kropp y Maria Bampasidou. "The financial economics of agriculture and farm management". En The Routledge Handbook of Agricultural Economics, 689–712. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315623351-37.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Farm financing"

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Narayan, Dr S. K. "Re-developing, Of Farm Athenaeum And Materialize Automation: Ultimatum And Occasion". En CONTEMPORARY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: CURRENT ISSUES, ACHIEVEMENTS AND INNOVATIONS. The USA Journals, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/iscrc-intconf01-01.

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The conventional method of running library administrations in horticultural athenaeum is by all accounts over at this point. The principle explanations behind this is by all accounts the mix of negative development in financing, increment in costs of horticultural data assets and important interests in innovation, human asset improvement and expanding desire for the clients. Rural athenaeum of SAUs and ICAR organizations have encountered these issues during last 8-10 years. Working with less financing during these years have prompted the undoing of a portion of the farming assets.
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Vlaev, Milen. "PURCHASE ARABLE LAND WITH FINANCING INSTRUMENT - THE KEY COMPONENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF FARM". En SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT - CURRENT PRACTICES AND SOLUTIONS 2019. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/slm2019.82.

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The Bulgarian land market has been changed rapidly over the last decade and gives various opportunities to increase the farmers business results. The aim of the report is to research and present opportunities for access to loan for the purchase of agricultural land in Bulgaria. The research uses general and specific assessment and analysis methods. The results are focusing to identifying the business prospects for utilization a bank loan or leasing's product for business development, through the purchase or lease the land. Determination the best opportunities from them for sustainable development for farmers. The target of conclusion is to be confirm the importance of acquiring basic assets as land for production and the opportunities that is offer for this in Bulgaria.
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Wang, Xiao, Jingru Sun y Yanhong Wu. "Research on the Innovation of “Cloud Financing” Mode of Family Farm from the Perspective of Agricultural Industry Chain". En 2021 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc51323.2021.9498817.

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Melchionda, Mariano. "Leasing benefits in global economy". En International Scientific-Practical Conference "Economic growth in the conditions of globalization". National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.i.2023.17.7.

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Leasing may be considered the most important legal institution that was rarely encountered before World War II and has more recently exploded on a worldwide basis, with everything from autos to farm equipment to airplanes being leased. This chapter examines the tax, financial, and management benefits of leasing and its main sectors application according to the new standard IFRS 16 of the International Accounting Standard Boards (IASB). Tax benefits are one of the main reasons the lessee performs a leasing operation, especially thanks to accelerated depreciation. The financial advantages are those that guarantee a constant income to leasing companies over time established by the contracts. Management benefits, on the other hand, ensure a faster investigation phase than other forms of financing. It also examines the role that leasing plays in these sectors: Instrumental, distinguishing between operational and financial instrumental leasing; Mobile cars where we distinguish passenger cars from commercial or industrial vehicles; Naval and railway, with a strong incidence in the airline sector, by the most recent companies that operate with giants that have been present for longer on the market; Real estate, distinguishing between built and to be built; Commodities 4.0 high-tech and innovative, that have stimulated companies to revive the economy by investing in new technology assets to continue to compete.
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Stade, Ekkehard. "The Experiences From the First Rounds of Offshore Wind Farm Installation in the German EEZ (Both Baltic and North Sea) and Lessons Learnt to Achieve Serial Production Status: A Consultant’s Perspective". En ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24682.

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Offshore wind farms present a lesser safety risk to operators and contractors than traditional oil and gas installations. In the post Macondo world this does not come as a surprise since the risks involved in construction, operation and maintenance of an offshore wind farm are by far lower. Even with higher probability of incidents and near misses (due to serial construction) the severity/ impact of those is considerably lower. On the other hand projects are complex, profit margins are what they are called: marginal. Hence there is no room for errors, perhaps in form of delays. If, for example, the installation completion of the turbines and the inner array cabling/ export cables are not perfectly in tune, the little commercial success that can be achieved is rapidly diminishing by costly compensation activities. The paper will try to present solutions to the most pressing challenges and elaborate on the effect those would have had, had they been implemented at the beginning of the projects. How can a sustainable new industry evolve by learning from established industries? Presently, there is a view that offshore wind is a short-lived business. Particularly representatives of the oil and gas industry raise such concern. Apart from the obvious bias of those voices, this controversy is also caused by the fact that offshore wind seems to have a tendency to try and re-invent the wheel rather than using established procedures. Even with a relatively stable commitment to the offshore wind development regardless of the respective government focus within European coastal states the industry suffers from financing issues, subsidies, over-regulation due to lack of expertise within authorities and other challenges. The avoidance of those is key to a successful development for this industry in other areas of the planet. In conjunction with a stable commitment this is essential in order to attract the long lead-time projects and to establish the complex supply chains to achieve above goals. The paper will look at the short but intensive history of the industry and establish mitigation to some of the involved risks of offshore wind farm EPCI.
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King, Carey W., Jay Zarnikau y Phil Henshaw. "Defining a Standard Measure for Whole System EROI Combining Economic “Top-Down” and LCA “Bottom-Up” Accounting". En ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90414.

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Business investments rely on creating a whole system of different parts, technologies, field and business operations, management, land, financing and commerce using a network of other services. Using the example of a wind farm development, a typical life cycle assessment (LCA) focuses upon the primary technology inputs and their countable embodied direct impacts. What LCA omits are the direct and indirect impacts of the rest of the business system that operates the primary technology, the labor, commerce and other technology employed. A total environmental assessment (TEA) would include the physical costs to the environment of the labor, commerce and other technology too. Here a simplified “system energy assessment” (SEA) is used to combine a “top-down” method of measuring implied indirect business impacts using econometric methods, with a “bottom-up” method of adding up the identifiable direct impact parts. The top-down technique gives an inclusive but rough measure. The bottom-up technique gives a precise accounting for the directly identifiable individual parts that is highly incomplete. SEA allows these two kinds of measures to be combined for a significantly improved understanding of the whole business system and its impacts, combining the high and low precision measures indentified by each method. The key is exhaustively accounting for energy uses within the natural boundary of a whole business system as a way of calibrating the measure. That allows defining a standardized measure of complex distributed system energy flows and their energy returns on invested energy resources (EROI). The method is demonstrated for a generic business operation. Starting from the easily accountable inputs and outputs, SEA successively uses larger natural system boundaries to discover a way of finding the limiting value of EROI after all parts of the whole are included. Some business choices and a net present value model of cash flow for the 20 year project help illustrate the related financial issues. The business model used shows that the EROI of a generic “Texas Wind Farm” is 31 when accounting for direct and indirect fuels only, but decreases to 4–6 after accounting for the economic energy consumed by all necessary business units and services.
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Shelley, Steffen Allan, Sung Youn Boo, William H. Luyties y D. Todd Griffith. "How Texas Can Become the Leader in Offshore Wind in North and South America by Using New Technology and Leveraging Existing Infrastructure and Expertise". En Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32282-ms.

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Abstract Large fixed and floating wind farms are planned in the US, the first of which will come on stream along the East Coast, and then possibly followed by the West Coast in deepwater. However, there are other regions in North and South America, and even the Caribbean that are rapidly aiming for offshore wind farms. One of those locations, offshore Texas, may develop ahead of the West Coast by taking advantage of the unparalleled expertise in ocean engineering in Texas gained through over 40 years of offshore oil and gas developments. In addition, Texas has regional competitive advantages that could result in another offshore boom for the region. Texas is the leading state for onshore wind power and consequently has some highly innovative research institutions and initiatives that could further push Texas to the forefront of regional, if not global, offshore wind technology development and deployment. The additional advantages that Texas can provide to wind farm developers based on its proximity to the Caribbean and South American offshore wind markets are also presented. As an example of innovation in Texas, the University of Texas at Dallas, DOE ARPA-E (Department of Energy Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy) funded vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) development is summarized (ARPA-E, 2020). While elements of VAWT technology are transferable to horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) technology to improve HAWT performance, more generally, the deployment of VAWTs overcomes many logistical and performance problems inherent in deploying HAWTs offshore. Such VAWT advantages are discussed. Two cases are presented comparing HAWT versus VAWT floating wind farms. The technology and execution differences of the two cases are compared and the net present value and internal rate of return are calculated conserving the technology differences. Discussion of forthcoming additional financing opportunities is also presented to illustrate how even in low-cost electric rate markets, offshore wind can still be feasible.
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Dudzinska, Małgorzata. "The Performance of Agricultural Land Management Work in the Context of Needs, Illustrated with an Example of Agricultural Land Consolidations". En Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.186.

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In the situation where Poland has been a member of the European Union since 2004, agricultural land consolidation has been co-financed with EU funds. This has resulted in an increase in the number of carried out land consolidations throughout Poland. Co-financing of this consolidation work has also introduced the need for a different understanding of the essence of agricultural land consolidation. According to Dacko (see Dacko 2006), the main goal of land consolidation should be to improve the quality of rural life, and not only to increase agricultural production. Land consolidation measures should be initiated to revive the countryside by encouraging continuous economic and political development of the local community, while protecting and rationally managing natural resources. The local community should participate democratically in land consolidation and in defining new forms of land use that make the most of the local potential. Currently in Poland, the choice of a location for the implementation of consolidation work not only depends on the farm land layout and land fragmentation also on the farmers who apply for the implementation of consolidation work in the particular area. Social acceptance is the key prerequisite for successful land consolidation. This fact has resulted in the agricultural land consolidation taking place not only in the areas in which the needs determined on the basis of the farm land layout and land fragmentation are most unfavorable. The paper comparatively analyses the determined needs as regards consolidation work in Poland, and the implementation of this work since 2004. The research employed the following methods: analysis and synthesis of the literature, field inventory, and research from the group of spatial-statistical approaches. The study area covered Poland, and in particular the selected region.
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Radivojevic, Dušan, Biljana Veljkovic y Ranko Koprivica. "NORMATIVI PROIZVODNJE NA FARMAMA MUZNIH KRAVA". En SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.177r.

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In order to intensification production and further investments on dairy farms, norms and economic parameters of production for a farm model with a capacity of 50 dairy cows with the younger categories are given. Expert analysis of all parameters in order to meet the necessary standards in production gave most optimal solutions to farmers for future investments. Also, the set norms for a given farm model can be used in development of projects and possible applications for financial support and loans.
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Spiridonova, E. V. y K. V. Trofimova. "Project Targeted Financing Sources: Russian Practice". En International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.071.

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Informes sobre el tema "Farm financing"

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Ianchovichina, Elena, Thomas Hertel y Robert McDougall. The East Asian Economic Crisis: It's not All Bad News. GTAP Working Paper, septiembre de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp11.

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The East Asian crisis is not all bad news for the United States and Canada (North America). Net debtors in North America – be they individual families refinancing their mortgages, businesses financing their expansion, or the U.S. government financing its debt – should benefit from the crisis, as it continues to put downward pressure on interest rates. While the crisis hurts North American farm exports, it presents opportunities for expansion in North American exports of processed foods. The study estimates that the benefits accruing to North American food producers far outweigh the losses to farmers in the region over the long term.
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Lusardi, Annamaria y Olivia Mitchell. Planning and Financial Literacy: How Do Women Fare? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, enero de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13750.

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BASCHE, A. D. Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) Financial Analysis for Phase 1 Privatization for the Tank Farm Contractor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), abril de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/802979.

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Longhurst, Daniel y Rachel Slater. Financing in Fragile and Conflict Contexts: Evidence, Opportunities, and Barriers. Institute of Development Studies, diciembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.015.

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Interconnecting, compounding and protracted crises affect a growing number of countries. Globally, 1.5 billion people – one in five of the world’s population – live in fragile and conflict affected situations (FCAS), yet financing to key sectors is not keeping pace with need. Regular social protection financing and programme coverage in FCAS are far below the global average, and levels of financing to humanitarian assistance, while growing in overall terms in the past decade, have remained static when compared to levels of need. Risk and climate finance face a series of barriers to their application in FCAS, where the potential for ‘non-traditional’ financial sources – such as remittances – to connect the most vulnerable to social protection have traditionally been underexplored. The Covid-19 pandemic has again exposed these fault lines and highlighted the need both for more investment in regular social protection systems and programmes, and for more ‘shock-responsive’ forms of support that can scale flexibly when faced with a diversity of risk factors. This paper provides a summary of the main trends and issues regarding both regular and risk financing in FCAS. It considers the main lessons observed in financing social assistance in FCAS and provides reflections on further avenues of research for the Better Assistance in Crises (BASIC) Research programme. It identifies useful examples now emerging from countries developing risk-informed programmes for the most vulnerable, but argues that a lack of comparable data is hampering research and learning, requiring more detailed in-country engagement. The paper notes that answers to a range of political economy questions are needed. This is both to make risk-aware financing, policymaking and programming more effective in FCAS; and to strike a balance between financial instrument requirements on the one hand, and programmatic and institutional capacity on the other. Likewise, new forms of risk ownership and client-facing accountability are needed to reframe the financing landscape and its applicability to FCAS.
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Gao, Xin, Aiko Kikkawa y Jong Woo Kang. Evaluating the Impact of Remittances on Human Capital Investment in the Kyrgyz Republic. Asian Development Bank, mayo de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210189-2.

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Remittances from overseas can encourage human capital investment, but empirical studies have shown mixed evidence. This paper uses a 5-year panel dataset in the Kyrgyz Republic to examine the impact of remittances on the human capital formation of school-age children. After correcting for endogeneities with instrumental variables, the study finds that remittances have negative impacts on educational achievement. Extended hours of farm labor by children and increased expenditure on durable goods are identified among recipient households. To mitigate negative effects of remittances on children’s learning, the findings call for actions such as financial literacy education and better monitoring of farm labor hours of school-age children.
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Ferrara, Anthony y Sara Abdulla. Financing “The New Oil”: Assessing AI Investment in Israel and the Broader Middle East. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, mayo de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20230002.

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Israel has by far the largest AI ecosystem in the Middle East as measured in AI companies and financial investments, and foreign investors play a critical role in Israel’s AI market growth. This issue brief finds that AI investments in Israel have mostly originated from the United States. To date, Chinese investors have played a limited role in funding Israel’s dynamic AI companies. But understanding the risk of Chinese investments into the Israeli AI ecosystem will be important for the national security of both the United States and Israel.
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Todd, Jessica E., Christine Whitt, Nigel David Key y Okkar Mandalay. overview of farms operated by socially disadvantaged, women, and limited resource farmers and ranchers in the United States. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, febrero de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024.8254670.ers.

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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) recognizes several groups of farmers who have been historically underserved by USDA and operates several programs and policies targeting these groups. Yet, there is limited information about the current financial health of the farms these producers operate, their credit and agricultural program use, which inhibits the measurement of progress toward more equitable outcomes. This report provides an overview of the financial characteristics of the farms operated by socially disadvantaged (individuals identifying as Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Hispanic or Latino, and Asian or Pacific Islander), women, and limited resource producers (farms with low sales and low household income), using data from the 2017-20 annual Agricultural Resource Management Survey.
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Wenner, Mark D. Lessons Learned in Rural Finance: The Experience of the Inter-American Development Bank. Inter-American Development Bank, octubre de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008854.

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This paper reviews the Bank's lending experience in rural finance and extracts the lessons learned from that experience. It is based on a review of project documents, evaluation reports, and interviews. A sample of 27 projects were studied in detail. Although the review of IDB projects is far from exhaustive, it nevertheless serves to identify some important lessons for the design of future interventions. This paper will help policymakers, practitioners, academics, and consultants to better understand the history and types of interventions that the IDB has made in the past. The hope is that new operations will benefit from the lessons of the past and build on existing strengths. As we move into an era of increased market integration and globalization, the importance of well-functioning financial markets cannot be overemphasized. This paper shows how rural financing in Latin America and the Caribbean might be improved in the coming years.
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Salazar, Lina, Alessandro Maffioli, Julián Aramburu y Marcos Agurto Adrianzen. Estimating the Impacts of a Fruit Fly Eradication Program in Peru: A Geographical Regression Discontinuity Approach. Inter-American Development Bank, marzo de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012282.

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In this paper, we evaluate the short term impact of a Fruit Fly Eradication Program in the coastal areas of Peru. Exploiting arbitrary variation in the program's intervention borders, as well as precise geographic location data of farmer's households, we use a Geographical Regression Discontinuity (GRD) approach to identify the program's effects on agricultural outcomes. For this purpose, baseline and follow up surveys were collected for 615 households -307 treated and 308 controls- . Baseline data shows that producer and farm-level characteristics in treated and control areas are balanced. This confirms that the program's intervention borders were set only as a function of financial and logistic restrictions and independently of the pest incidence levels and/or other producer and/or farm characteristics. The results show that farmers in treated areas improved pest knowledge and are more likely to implement best practices for plague prevention and control. Beneficiary farmers also present increased fruit crops productivity and sales. The robustness of these findings is confirmed using placebo tests.
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Bland, Gary, Lucrecia Peinado y Christin Stewart. Innovations for Improving Access to Quality Health Care: The Prospects for Municipal Health Insurance in Guatemala. RTI Press, diciembre de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.pb.0016.1712.

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Municipal insurance–a collective compact in which municipal government is the lead actor in designing, delivering, and supervising a health care financing arrangement—is considered by some Guatemalans as a potential new avenue for improving financial protection against rising costs and improved access to quality health care. This brief presents a political economy analysis of the prospects for the adoption of municipal insurance in Guatemala. Municipal insurance has so far been tried only once, in 2015, by the large suburban municipality of Villa Nueva. Drawing from the Villa Nueva experience, based on interviews with nearly 30 key informants, this brief examines the potential obstacles to municipal insurance reform as well as leading factors favoring its introduction. Consistent health ministry support and equity concerns are potential limitations, for example, while decentralization and the recent emergence of creative insurance products are likely to be supportive. This brief then concludes with consideration of the policy implications of such a reform. We also offer a series of policy recommendations for policymakers and practitioners who may be looking to implement municipal insurance reform.
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