Literatura académica sobre el tema "Factual contradiction"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Factual contradiction"
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Sauvayre, Romy. "The rationality of belief change and the unexpected effects of a conflict of values". Rationality and Society 29, n.º 3 (9 de julio de 2017): 298–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463117717231.
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This article is based on a question that is already present in the work of Festinger et al.: Why is the unequivocal disproof of a given belief an insufficient reason for abandoning that belief? We will first outline the cognitive dissonance theory and then discuss how, in a seemingly counterintuitive way, beliefs that are contradicted by facts—that is, factual contradictions—lead only to minimal belief changes, whereas beliefs that are in contradiction with some fundamental value held by an individual—that is, axiological contradictions—represent a challenge to the individual’s entire belief system and may lead to disaffiliation. The objective of this article is to propose an alternative explanatory hypothesis to that of Festinger—which is now disputed—and thus provide new answers to help understand the process by which beliefs are abandoned. This article has epistemological ambitions insofar as it aims to demonstrate that by means of a paradigm based on reasons and abduction—the Boudon-Peirce Paradigm—it is possible to propose an alternative, explanatory hypothesis to that of Festinger’s and to provide new answers to facilitate understanding the process of abandonment of beliefs. This comprehensive paradigm has allowed the discovery that conflicts of values—axiological contradictions—can cause disaffiliation.
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Hussain, Ejaz. "Failure to Understand Military Intervention in Pakistan". Armed Forces & Society 44, n.º 2 (31 de julio de 2017): 368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x17720941.
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In 2014, Armed Forces & Society published Ali’s work, “Contradiction of Concordance Theory: Failure to Understand Military intervention in Pakistan.” Shortly thereafter in 2015, Schiff, the author of concordance theory, defended her theory with “Concordance Theory in Pakistan: Response to Zulfiqar Ali.” To this, Ali reiterated his position with, “Pakistan, Military Coup and Concordance: Four Objections to Schiff.” In response to Ali’s ideas, this article argues that Ali’s accounts not only lack theoretical and methodological rigor but also suffer from empirical fallacies and factual errors. Thus, he has failed to understand military intervention in Pakistan.
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Prokazin, Viktor V. "Russian “Christian Sociology” on the Positivist Theory of Progress". Общество: социология, психология, педагогика, n.º 8 (30 de agosto de 2023): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/spp.2023.8.6.
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The article examines the views of the representatives of the so-called Russian “Christian sociology” – V.S. Solovyov, S.N. Bulgakov, N.A. Berdyaev, and S.L. Frank – regarding the positivist theory of progress. The rele-vance of such consideration is conditioned, firstly, by the ideological processes taking place in modern Russian society related to the formulation of national ideology, and secondly, by the need to deepen and systematize the ideas about the formation of national sociological knowledge. “Christian Sociology” from the standpoint of social theology proves the methodological, factual, logical and ethical failure of positivist concepts of progres-sive social development and its elements. The inability of positivist sociology and the theory of progress to be a general theory of society and to foresee the future is emphasized. The factual, logical and ethical inconsistency of the proposed ideals and criteria of progress, as well as the contradiction in the substantiation of the subject and boundaries of progress are noted.
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Rinofner-Kreidl, Sonja. "On a Supposed Contradiction in Max Weber’s Logic of Science". Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal 44, n.º 1 (2023): 125–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/gfpj2023441/26.
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This paper grapples with two objections against Max Weber’s methodology that arise because Weber borrows some ideas from Heinrich Rickert’s neo-Kantian philosophical system. The first objection (“the contradiction argument”) is raised by Julius J. Schaaf who disagrees with Weber’s claim that historical objects are constituted through retrospectively and hypothetically applied selections of value relations and that we can understand these objects. Weber’s idea that the relating ideal type constructions are also non-arbitrary—i.e., not merely subjective—and can be rectified, Schaaf maintains, contradicts his own characterization of historical objects and reality. The second objection (“the incom¬patibility argument”) was made by Gerhard Wagner and Heinz Zipprian. It focuses on the conception of objective possibility. According to this, counter¬factual chains of historical events are contrived to figure out the relevant set of causes by which a certain event can be said to necessarily occur. The critics claim that it is only based on the ontological assumption of a preexisting real object that this thought-experiment can operate. That is, the pre-emptive assumption of realism is indis¬pensable for explaining the historical individual. To refute these two objections, I clarify some foundational notions and ideas of Weber’s methodology.
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Dolobáč, Marcel y Ivan Kundrát. "Legal and Factual Barriers to the Termination of Employment of a Disabled Employee in the Slovak Republic". Studia z zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Społecznej 29, n.º 2 (21 de julio de 2022): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25444654spp.22.016.15690.
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In the first part of the article, the authors analyse the legislation of the Slovak Republic relating to the termination of employment of an employee with disabilities. In that regard, in the main part of the article, they point to the fundamental contradiction of the case-law and practice of public authorities in the question of defining a disabled employee as well as in the question of the authority of a public authority which creates fundamental practical barriers for the employer in the intended termination of employment with such an employee. The conclusion goes from practical problems to theoretical considerations of the justifiability of the legislation in question which aims to protect groups of disabled workers at particular risk.
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ABUSHENKO, D. B. "CIVIL-LAW SET-OFF AND SET-OFF MADE WHEN THE COURT SATISFIES COUNTERCLAIMS AND INITIAL CLAIMS: THEORETICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF LEGAL INSTITUTIONS (continuation)". Herald of Civil Procedure 12, n.º 1 (15 de abril de 2022): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2022-12-1-86-106.
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In the article, the author continues to distinguish between the civil-legal offset and the offset made when the court satisfies the counterclaim and initial claims. The issues related to the systematisation of exceptions from the general rule on the obligation of judicial recognition for the court are considered. Conflicts of the institution of recognition with other legal phenomena allowing the establishment of the opposite fact are revealed. It is proposed to divide these conflicts into factual and legal ones. An actual information conflict is understood as a contradiction of judicial recognition to well-known facts or sound logic, and a legal contradiction to legal institutions (this includes pre-judicial and other judicial acts, notarial acts, irrefutable presumptions, fictions, as well as «ordinary» evidence adopted in another court case). The paper suggests specific ways to resolve such conflicts by the law enforcement. Exceptions from the general rule on the obligation of judicial recognition, ensuring the protection of the rights of other persons, are also considered separately. Here, as a general rule, the conclusion is justified that judicial control over recognition should be carried out only if another person has the status of a person participating in the case.
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Prylutskyi, S. "INSTITUTE OF EXCLUSION FROM EVIDENCE AT THE STAGE OF PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION: CURRENT PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, n.º 116 (2021): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2021/1.116-10.
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The study focuses on both theoretical and applied aspects of evidentiary law. The subject of this study is the legal institution of admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings, as well as the legal mechanism for declaring evidence inadmissible. The author relies on the constitutional postulate (Part 3 of Article 62 of the Constitution of Ukraine) according to which the accusation cannot be based on evidence obtained illegally, as well as on assumptions. Based on this constitutional imperative, it is stated that the prosecution has no right to form charges and go to court if the accusation is based on illegal evidence or subjective assumptions, and emphasizes that the subject who forms the prosecution must operate on legal evidence. Thus, a legal contradiction is revealed between the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and Part 2 of Article 23 of the CPC of Ukraine regarding the legal nature of evidence in the pre-trial investigation. Given that according to the domestic legal structure, factual data must be recognized as evidence at the stage of pre-trial investigation, there is a legal need to guarantee the right of a person to a fair trial, the introduction of a clear mechanism for verifying factual data for admissibility at the stage of pre-trial investigation. The author argues that such a mechanism should provide effective tools for self-control and neutralization of illegal sources of factual data by both the prosecuting authorities and the court, during the implementation of judicial control over pre-trial investigation in making key decisions to restrict guaranteed rights and freedoms. Keywords: evidence, accusation, suspicion, admissibility of evidence, exclusion from evidence.
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DOROKHOV, Evgenii V. "Analysis of the evolution and contradictions of hedge funds, their impact on stock markets". Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 21, n.º 5 (30 de mayo de 2022): 927–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.21.5.927.
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Subject. The article considers topical issues related to the formation and development trends of hedge funds and their impact on the stock market, based on extensive historical factual material. Objectives. The aim is to investigate the formation and evolution of hedge funds and their effect on financial and stock markets. Methods. The study rests on comparative analysis, the method of analogies, and statistical processing of actual and historical data on hedge funds and stock markets. Results. The analysis of data on the dynamics of capitalization of the world stock market and the world Gross Domestic Product confirmed the outstripping growth of financial and stock markets in relation to the real economy. The paper shows that assets managed by hedge funds have increased more than thirty times since 1998. The data on losses of hedge funds during the 2008 global crisis demonstrated that hedge funds failed to fully fulfill their task for which they were created, i.e. risk hedging. Conclusions. The main problems and contradictions of the activities of hedge funds are that they, having significant financial resources and advanced investment technologies for profit-making, can both stabilize and destabilize international financial and stock markets. The internal contradiction of hedge funds is that hedging risks requires the use of conservative investment strategies, and profit maximization necessitates investing in risk-taking stock assets.
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Pudovochkin, Yu E. y M. M. Babayev. "Contradictions of judicial criminal policy". Law Enforcement Review 6, n.º 1 (24 de marzo de 2022): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(1).174-190.
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The subject of the study is the criminal policy in the context of contradictions in the functioning of the courts.The purpose of the study is to investigate, which contradictions of criminal policy are generated by a multi-level system of courts, and which mechanisms for overcoming them in order to optimize criminal policy could be found out.The methodology. In modern conditions of diversification of methodological approaches to organizing and conducting political-legal research, it is important not to discard, but to rethink and rediscover the epistemological possibilities of the methods of classical science, especially the method of dialectical analysis.The main results and scope of the study. The use of the category "dialectical contradiction" for the purpose of studying the problems of the functioning of the courts in terms of the interpretation and application of criminal law provisions opens up new possibilities in the study of criminal and judicial policy, as well as determining the prospects for its development. In the study, the law enforcement contradictions of criminal policy refer to the relations between courts of various types and levels that develop in the course of their functioning and reflect the opposite approaches of law enforcement bodies to the interpretation and application of criminal legislation. Considering the level and type of legal proceedings, these contradictions can be summarized in the following groups: (a) between national and international courts; (b) between superior courts of the national legal system; (c) between the courts of various instances of the system of courts of general jurisdiction.The contradictions between national and international courts, emerging in the field of protection of human rights and freedoms, are an objective source of development of judicial practice and policy. The resolution of these contradictions is based on the consensus of various courts and compromise. If the position of the European Court of Human Rights does not contradict the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state adjusts its legal practice in the direction set by the authoritative international instance by means of: (a) direct application of national legislation with due regard for the ECHR’s legal positions; (b) the application of national legislation in its constitutional interpretation by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which does not differ from the decisions and positions of the ECHR; (c) amending national legal acts in pursuance of ECHR judgments. In exceptional cases, when the position of the European Court touches upon issues of the country's constitutional identity, the contradiction between the international and national legal order is resolved by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the basis of the priority of constitutional norms.At the level of the superior national courts the contradictions are represented by the differing positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the assessment and interpretation of criminal law provisions. Such contradictions can be thought of as latent until they are not revealed in constitutional proceedings. The identification and resolution of these contradictions is the most important direction of legal policy in the country; it reflects the consistent solution of the aim of constitutionalization of the criminal law.At the level of the system of courts of general jurisdiction, the concept of "contradiction" can only be applied to those differing approaches of the courts to solving criminal cases that do not go beyond the rule of law. Contradictions arise only when, having correctly established the factual circumstances of the case, the courts disagree in the choice of the legal provision to be applied, although any such choice can be explained and motivated. These contradictions may or may not be related to the quality of criminal legislation. Therefore, the mechanism for their resolution includes not only law revision. It is important to use the capabilities of the judicial system itself to develop a consensual understanding of the textual content of the criminal law and the rules for its application.Conclusions. Overcoming the contradictions of the judicial criminal policy is possible only in the process of communication and dialogue between the courts of different levels on the basis of differentiation of jurisdiction, respect for authority and independence.
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Soufan, Anas. "Notes on Authenticity and Development of Cultural Heritage in Syria". International Journal of Cultural Property 27, n.º 2 (mayo de 2020): 189–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739120000132.
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AbstractAccording to the Syrian philosopher T. Tizini (1934–2019), the dilemma of authenticity heritage in the Arab world has lost its factual conceptualization. While its societal and ideological issues have been rightly discussed, its technical aspects have been handled only superficially. In this article, I review the deep interconnectivities between the societal and technical aspects of the term “authenticity” and the reconstruction of the damaged architectural heritage in Syria after years of a devastating war. I suggest that any postwar reconstruction raises a central contradiction: rebuilding an element from the past in the present. While the destroyed physical fabrics might be reconstituted, the setting that gave them value and meaning can never be reestablished. For that reason, preserving the “authenticity” in the wide significance of the term seems unrealistic in the context of reconstructed heritage. Nevertheless, what several Syrian scholars and politicians describe as “authenticity by creativity” might be a possible outcome.
Tesis sobre el tema "Factual contradiction"
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Mehr, Mathieu. "L’habitus de voisinage en zone de marnage interculturelle à l’épreuve de la tranquillité résidentielle : « manières de voir » des acteurs de terrain dans le logement social". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0298.
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Cette recherche a été menée dans l’objectif d’étudier le fonctionnement des parties communes et espaces privés dans le patrimoine de quelques 8000 logements géré par un bailleur social d’une ville de moyenne importance du grand Est. Nous chercherons à comprendre les enjeux de la tranquillité sociale en observant le fonctionnement d’un département de Gestion Urbaine de Proximité (GUP) dont les acteurs sont les premiers liens entre les résidents et le bailleur. Quelles relations le personnel de proximité a-t-il construit avec les locataires et avec les autres acteurs de l’entreprise ?This research was carried out with the aim of studying the functioning of common areas and private spaces in the heritage of some 8000 dwellings managed by a social landlord of a medium-sized city in the Far East. We will seek to understand the issues of social tranquility by observing the functioning of a department of Urban Proximity Management (GUP) whose actors are the first links between residents and the landlord. What relationships has the local staff built with the tenants and other players in the company?
Libros sobre el tema "Factual contradiction"
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Sapogova, Elena. Developmental psychology and age psychology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/997107.
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The textbook contains systematized information about psychological, socio-cultural, historical-ethnographic, psychobiological and other aspects of the development of a person changing over time. The first section is devoted to general theoretical problems of developmental psychology, the second to the analysis of different ages.
The comprehensive nature of the manual makes it possible to solve the problems of formation in the professional consciousness of a stable complex of scientific categories and concepts, with the help of which the factual diversity of manifestations of the mental life of a developing person is described in psychology; familiarization with classical and modern interpretations of human development, with different variants of psychological interpretation of its essence, nature, mechanisms, driving forces and contradictions; disclosure of dialectics and phenomenology of the formation of a person as a cultural and historical subject; formation of ideas about the complexity and ambiguity of the evolution of a child as a human being; understanding the basic laws of the formation of personality and individuality of a person at each stage of its development.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for the study of the discipline "Developmental psychology, age psychology" during the professional training of psychologists in universities and is aimed at students of bachelor's and master's degrees in psychology faculties of classical and pedagogical universities, humanities and medical universities, as well as graduate students, psychology teachers and practical psychologists who are improving their qualifications in the field of age psychology.
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Ryan, Phil. Facts, Values and the Policy World. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447364542.001.0001.
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Policy analysts trained in various social sciences face a generally unacknowledged contradiction. Traditionally, mainstream social science has assumed that there is a gulf –a “dichotomy”– between facts and values, and that rigorous social science must be as uncontaminated by values as possible. But policy analysis, as reflection on the question “what is to be done?,” is intrinsically concerned with matters of value. Evasions of this contradiction have relied on various stratagems that have the effect of smuggling unexamined values into analysis. This book demonstrates the damage that this contradiction inflicts upon policy analysis, and upon society as a whole. It resolves the contradiction by showing that values are every bit as amenable to critical analysis and reasoned defence as factual beliefs. It also presents key qualities of a policy analysis decisively freed from the “binary view” of facts and values The introduction presents the binary view and the alternative to it. Part I then examines the effects, both obvious and subtle, of the dichotomy, effects seen both in the practice of policy analysis and in our broader culture. Part II shows how policy analysis is transformed when one embraces a consistently non-binary approach. The third part addresses some of the dangers of the approach being advocated, while the conclusion discusses the role of a non-binary policy analysis in a deliberative democracy.
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Alderson, Priscilla. Critical Realism for Health and Illness Research. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.001.0001.
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Critical realism, a toolkit of practical ideas, helps researchers to extend, clarify and validate their work. Critical realism resolves problems and contradictions between quantitative factual research and qualitative interpretive approaches. It draws on their strengths, overcomes their limitations, and helps to connect research to policy and practice. To meet growing demand from researchers and students, the book shows how versatile critical realism can be in research across the life course and around the world, from small studies to large trials. Healthcare, health promotion and heath inequalities are all addressed. This book is based on the course at University College London, first taught by Roy Bhaskar the founder of critical realism, and later convened by the author. The aim is to help readers who are new to critical realism, or are in the fairly early stages, with their research across the whole range of health and illness disciplines and professions. Chapters consider relations between structure and agency, facts and values, and between visible evidence and mainly unseen powerful influences on health and illness. Using clear definitions, diagrams and examples, this book enables readers to understand and apply valuable critical realist concepts to health and illness research.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Factual contradiction"
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Becker, Manfred W. "Dancing with contradiction". En Creating Reality in Factual Television, 101–28. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003038030-4.
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Bartek, Edward J. "A Global Theory of Knowledge for the Future". En The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 15–21. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia199845859.
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There is too much factual knowledge to grasp even a speck of the whole. This makes for an excessive diversity that lacks in coherent unity. With no coherency in the parts, there will be no coherent truth in the whole. Without coherent truth there is only a relative truth. Relative truth makes for contradiction from different viewpoints, perceptions, and perspectives. Contradictions deny a common definition and meaning of truth, morality, justice, and beauty. They also deny common standards, values, principles, and virtues. Uncommon values lead to personal and social conflict and confusion, to the blocking of learning in education, to the disintegration of social unity. To have common standards and values, that a global theory of knowledge requires, concrete factual knowledge should be unified by abstract concepts that are unified by abstruse principles that are unified by symbolic structures. Such principles ultimately derive from an ultimate unity and structure. This ultimate unity is the keystone that holds the whole systematic structure of knowledge together.
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Kapstein, Matthew T. "The Mark of Vermilion". En The Tibetan Assimilation of Buddhism, 38–50. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131222.003.0003.
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Abstract As we have seen in the previous chapter, it has long been evident that Tibetan historical traditions concerning the first millennium of the common era contain much in the way of self-contradiction, factual inaccuracy, legend, and sheer fancy. While contemporary academic historians of Tibet have generally felt it their charge to get at the facts of the matter to the extent possible, it has sometimes not been sufficiently considered that the apparent inaccuracies, legends, and fancies are among the facts of the matter. Tibetan historians without doubt often published legends, where we would prefer to find truth according to our own lights; but our task is not solely to pick away at what they wrote, for the legends themselves, above and beyond the questions that may be raised concerning the literal veracity of their affirmations and denials, were proposed and became authoritative in response to genuinely obtaining states of affairs in the communities in which they were elaborated. In short, the Tibetanist must strive to illuminate not only Tibetan history, but Tibetan historiography as well.
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"CONTRADICTIONS, MORAL PROBLEMS, FACTUAL ERRORS". En Torah from Heaven, 113–32. The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1zrzrn9.15.
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Niqueux, Michel. "A French Detective Novel about S.A. Esenin". En Sergey Esenin, His Contemporaries and Successors: Сollective Мonograph to the Аnniversary of N.I. Shubnikova-Guseva, 290–300. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0718-2-290-300.
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The article examines Jean de Boishue’s novel “La Vie interrompue de Sergueï Alexandrovitch Essenine” (Paris, Bartillat Publ., 2021. 250 p.) Jean de Boishue (born in 1943) is a grandson of the founder of the Russian House in Saint-Geneviève-des-Bois, Princess Vera Meshcherskaya, a former statesman (adviser to the French Prime Minister Francois Fillon, deputy, member of the State Council). Boishue relies mainly on Eduard Khlystalov, Stanislav and Sergey Kunyaev (but keeps silent about it) and introduces a fictitious retired KGB colonel of the perestroika epoch to investigate the circumstances of S.A. Esenin’s death. The novel is divided into 33 chapters, in which truth and fiction are mixed. The author of any novel is free to interpret events at his own discretion, but incomprehensibly Jean de Boishue made many factual inaccuracies, absurdities and contradictions that undermine the main thesis of this otherwise wellwritten conspiracy novel.
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Mochila, Miguel Filipe. "A (De)Construction of Modern Literary Iberia: Translating Eugénio de Castro". En Iberian and Translation Studies, 91–116. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800856905.003.0005.
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The chapter sheds light on the factual relations between peninsular cultures, as well as on their ideological configuration and imaginary substrate, considering how the Iberian idea was constructed by the Castilian translations of Eugénio de Castro’s works. It intends to demonstrate that the Portuguese poet’s Castilian translations can be interpreted as an instrument of the imaginary configuration of a modern Iberian identity that is aesthetically multifaceted and ambiguous. This ambiguity is justified by the semi-peripheral and post-imperial status of Spain in the global context, and it helps us to understand how Castro’s work was appreciated for the tension caused by its own contradictions (nationalistic vs. cosmopolitan or innovative vs. traditionalist). Taking into account the crucial relation of the Iberian space with other cultural spaces, namely the French canonization centre and Latin America, the chapter contends that the Iberian space devised through the translation of Eugénio de Castro’s work is constitutively heterogeneous, semi-peripheral, and post-imperial.
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Morawski, Wojciech. "Vytvoří pravidla proti nedovolené státní podpoře nový daňový superorgán – aneb proč by měl případ Engie Global LNG Holding Sàrl, Engie Invest International SA, Engie SA v. Evropská komise (C-451/21 P) zajímat právníky na Visle a Vltavě?" En Správa daní: Soubor statí z odborné konference konané na Právnické fakultě Univerzity Karlovy dne 6. října 2023, 144–57. Univerzita Karlova, Právnická fakulta, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/9788076300361.11.
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In the Engie case, the Tribunal held that the issuance of a tax interpretation contrary to national law could create inadmissible state aid under EU law. Both Engie and Luxembourg challenged the judgment before the CJEU, pointing, inter alia, to an error in the Tribunal’s understanding of Luxembourg law. Advocate General Juliane Kokott, in her opinion in case C-451/21 P, argues that not every factually erroneous position of a national tax authority will create prohibited state aid. This will only be the case if there is a clear contradiction with national law and, at the same time, it is a deliberate action by the state authorities aimed at granting state aid. The article endorses this position.
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Rowson, Martin. "Whose daughter is Nancy?" En The Literary Detective, 456–60. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192100368.003.0065.
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Abstract The Good Soldier is, Eugene Goodheart claims, ‘one of the most puzzling works of modern fiction’. It is notoriously hard to make sense of Ford’s characters, their backgrounds, and their actions. There is critical dissension on such issues as whether the title (in so far as it refers to Captain Edward Ashburnham’s ‘goodness’) is ironic or not. The narrative is speckled with what look like factual contradictions (about such crucial data as when and where the Dowells first met the Ashburnhams). Close inspection reveals that the chronology is awry at almost every point. ‘Is this’, Martin Stannard asks, ‘Fordian irony or simply carelessness about details?’ Should we lay the inconsistencies at the door of an artfully unreliable narrator (John Dowell), or at the door of a slipshod writer (Ford Madox Ford)? Some critics, Vincent Cheng for instance (who has assembled a convincing chronology of The Good Soldier), believe that Ford is writing in ‘the French mode of vraisemblance’, and that it is legitimate to ask ‘what actually happens?’ with a reasonable expectation of getting ‘right’ answers.
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Heffer, Chris. "Claims of and Evidence for Untruthfulness". En All Bullshit and Lies?, 87–110. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923280.003.0004.
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Chapter 3 focuses on the first two steps of the TRUST untruthfulness heuristic: CLAIM and EVIDENCE. It begins by noting four principal rational motives for calling out lies and bullshit (confession, detection, self-contradiction, and falsification), but stresses that in the majority of cases one relies primarily on falsification. This is problematic because Chapters 1 and 2 stress that both discursive insincerity and epistemic irresponsibility are subjective rather than objective notions. The reliance on falsification as a starting point for analysis restricts the application of the framework primarily to “factually significant” and “falsifiable” claims. A distinction is made between “salty-type” statements that invite further investigation and “tasty-type” statements that invite agreement or disagreement but not further investigation. Only “salty-type” claims are open to a TRUST analysis. Finally, the challenge of anti-realism is taken up, and it is argued that there is more consensus about evidence than the “truth wars” would suggest.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Factual contradiction"
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Kukina, Irina. "Dialectic contradictions of global and local within the city transformations. (Case study of Russian cities)". En 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6062.
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The results of morphological analyses of the urban structures more and more attract attention with the aim of understanding the processes and laws of transformation of the city fabric. Comparison of the case studies representing different regional cultures gives reasons to presume the presence of global trends as well as local features. Their dialectical contradictions lead to a unique urban form very often. Thus, recent global conversion caused very similar urban problems as well as methods for their solution characteristic to the whole world. Popularization rate of the past is comparable to the speed of propagation of a certain fashion lifestyle. As the result - reversal of thinking to find local uniqueness of each settlement and this tendency again step by step became global. From other side universal morphological conceptual apparatus built on factual analysis allows to trace the objective process of urban transformation and to give some forecasts concerning changes in their structure. Assumptions must be considered with the adjustment for the modern scale. Never the less contemporary cities - Krasnoyarsk, Nizhnyi Novgorod, Irkutsk demonstrate building and fabric adaptation, redevelopment, additive processes, contrast with transformative processes, agricultural residual (areas of town dachas in Russian urban tradition), augmentative redevelopment, different scales of changes of use, loft-cycle (second, re- use) development, street markets concretion, other, characteristic not only for the historic heritage areas but for the modern city as well. Russian cities in our days demonstrate urban-rural fringe development - somewhat even similar to “cocktail-belts” but with the local eclectic Siberian architecture.