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1
Lal, Mira y Johannes Bitzer. Disease severity, pain, and patient perception: themes in clinical practice and research. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749547.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 begins with a discussion of how to assess disease severity. It then moves on to the concepts of physical and emotional pain, which are particularly useful for understanding pelvic floor problems, infertility, pregnancy loss, and chronic pelvic pain. All of these have biological, psychological, and social features associated with their aetiopathogenesis, and presentations. To manage these conditions effectively, it is crucial to understand the patient's perception. First, pelvic/perineal dysfunction is addressed. This includes the loss of urinary and bowel continence, with deleterious effects on biopsychosocial health. The condition is common, and can cause severe morbidity following any delivery mode, including a planned caesarean. This is illustrated by an evaluation of biopsychosocial morbidity, quantified by categorising patient perceptions of severity of incontinence, and related sexual problems. The psychosomatic repercussions of infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth, and chronic pelvic pain are then appraised. Since physical and emotional pain can affect these conditions, timely recognition and biopsychosocial management helps promote positive physical, mental and social health. A special focus is given to endometrial implants outside the uterine cavity (endometriosis). These can cause chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and pregnancy loss, but may be symptomless. Their aetiology remains unclear. Ovulation suppression relieves pain and treatment is tentative, with removal of the affected pelvic organs being an extreme option. Even after this, however, symptoms may persist. A pathway using the tailored psychosomatic approach is advocated to provide patient-centred care where indicated.
2
Shephard OAM, Mark, ed. Practical Guide to Global Point-of-Care Testing. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486305193.
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Point-of-care testing (POCT) refers to pathology testing performed in a clinical setting at the time of patient consultation, generating a rapid test result that enables informed and timely clinical action to be taken on patient care. It offers patients greater convenience and access to health services and helps to improve clinical outcomes. POCT also provides innovative solutions for the detection and management of chronic, acute and infectious diseases, in settings including family practices, Indigenous medical services, community health facilities, rural and remote areas and in developing countries, where health-care services are often geographically isolated from the nearest pathology laboratory.
A Practical Guide to Global Point-of-Care Testing shows health professionals how to set up and manage POCT services under a quality-assured, sustainable, clinically and culturally effective framework, as well as understand the wide global scope and clinical applications of POCT.
The book is divided into three major themes: the management of POCT services, a global perspective on the clinical use of POCT, and POCT for specific clinical settings. Chapters within each theme are written by experts and explore wide-ranging topics such as selecting and evaluating devices, POCT for diabetes, coagulation disorders, HIV, malaria and Ebola, and the use of POCT for disaster management and in extreme environments. Figures are included throughout to illustrate the concepts, principles and practice of POCT.
Written for a broad range of practicing health professionals from the fields of medical science, health science, nursing, medicine, paramedic science, Indigenous health, public health, pharmacy, aged care and sports medicine, A Practical Guide to Global Point-of-Care Testing will also benefit university students studying these health-related disciplines.
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Feinstein, Robert E. y Brian Rothberg. Violence. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0013.
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Potentially violent patients need immediate attention and evaluation to determine their risk of imminent violence. A past history of violence is the best predictor of future violent behavior, and individuals who have committed violent acts in the past and have been arrested for assaultive behavior represent the highest risk; people who carry weapons or have access to weapons are of relatively high risk. Individuals with violent impulses who are either intoxicated or are in withdrawal have the most extreme risk for imminent violence. The treatment of acute aggression or agitation involves the judicious use of sedative-anxiolytics or low doses of second-generation antipsychotics. SSRIs have been used to treat aggressive, impulsive, and violent symptoms, particularly in individuals with head injuries, and lithium carbonate can reduce impulsive aggression to extremely low levels in some aggressive patients. Two Tarasoff decisions have become national standards for clinical practice regarding “duty to warn” and “duty to protect” all potential victims of life-threatening danger from a homicidal patient.
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Rivard, Mark J., Luc Beaulieu y Bruce Thomadsen. Clinical Brachytherapy Physics. Medical Physics Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54947/9781936366576.
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Brachytherapy has been a popular topic for AAPM summer schools, with this marking the third time the subject has been covered (past schools on the topic were held in 1994 and 2005). This book was developed for the AAPM 2017 Summer School in Portland, Oregon, held in conjunction with the American Brachytherapy Association. From Joann Prisciandaro in Medical Physics…"Overall, this text is well written and provides a nice summary of current and developing clinical brachytherapy practice patterns. …from my perspective as a practicing brachytherapy physicist and educator, this text will make an extremely useful reference and will certainly be added to my list of required reading for residents and graduate students." This book is more than a comprehensive overview of the brachytherapy tools and techniques used in a modern clinic. The book also looks at numerous exciting approaches currently under development. Topics include HDR and LDR brachytherapy for the prostate, general planning and model-based dose calculation algorithms, intensity-modulated brachytherapy, electronic brachytherapy sources and techniques, and brachytherapy advances for treating skin, gynecological, and breast cancer. Some of the promising new techniques covered include focal therapy, the use of 3D printing to augment treatment, advances in needle tracking, in vivo dosimetry, and the use of robotics in brachytherapy.
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Gordon, Joanna K. y Mark C. Bellamy. Gastrointestinal physiology in anaesthetic practice. Editado por Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0004.
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The physiology of the human gut and gastrointestinal tract is complex. Studying it is difficult, and much of what we know relies on extrapolation from animal models. The interactions between normal physiology, deranged physiology, and anaesthetic drugs and procedures are likewise extremely complex, and in some cases paradoxical. A clear understanding of these is likely to be beneficial in achieving best clinical outcomes in anaesthesia for patients undergoing gastrointestinal tract procedures, but also for the critically ill patient undergoing coincidental anaesthetic procedures. Strategies aimed at monitoring the function of the gastrointestinal tract during anaesthesia have in the past been used as research tools, but have potential for use as therapeutic guides. However, further development of these technologies and clinical trials of their application are required, before any firm recommendation in this area can be made.
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Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid y Bernard Prendergast, eds. Haematology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0011.
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One of the great British contributions to medicine has been the development of the prospective randomized clinical trial as a method of assessing whether novel treatments demonstrate superiority over established therapy. This replacement of clinician preference, clinical impression, and anecdote by the design and rigorous evaluation of the results of well-designed studies has been enthusiastically embraced by haematologists the world over. The training of haematologists has always involved an understanding of the pathological and scientific processes that underlie blood disorders, engendering a rational clinical approach, and treatments used in the management of haematological disorders are toxic and difficult to use, involving considerable clinical expertise and expense. The widespread use of randomized clinical trials is therefore extremely beneficial to haematologists. The studies summarized within this chapter are examples of how research has influenced day-to-day clinical practice with immense and progressive benefit to patients.
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Cooper, Jill y Nina Kite. Occupational therapy in palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0046.
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Occupational therapy in palliative care aims to help patients achieve their optimum independence in activities that are important to them. The specific functional difficulties may include extreme fatigue, anxiety and shortness of breath due to advanced disease including metastatic spinal cord compression, fractures, or peripheral neuropathies. Patients may have problems with cognition and perception, body image, life role, and spiritual issues as well as physical disabilities. This chapter describes the broad range of areas in which the occupational therapist works in palliative care together with the interprofessional team. They take a key role in organizing and facilitating safe discharge and care at home, with the aim of achieving best quality of life and avoiding re-admission to hospital wherever possible. The occupational therapist analyses and assesses specific problems and provides a treatment programme or solution to help the patient remain as independent as possible, using clinical reasoning and evidence-based practice.
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Haica, Cristiana. Introducere in psihiatrie. Semiologia psihiatrica pentru psihologi. Editura Universitara, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062813437.
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Evaluarea psihologica clinica este un proces etapizat, sistematic, extrem de complex, ce se adreseaza atat functiilor psihice cat si personalitatii umane, ce trebuie sa ia in considerare o multitudine de aspecte care adesea nu sunt evidente, nici aparente. Inainte de a primi tratament medicamentos sau prin interventie psihologica, orice client trebuie sa treaca prin aceasta etapa fundamentala - evaluarea psihologica ce poate face ca terapia sa poata fi eficienta si adecvata. Este extrem de important ca evaluarea psihologica ce preceda interventia psihologica sa fie efectuata in baza unor ipoteze clinice, multimodal si corect, asa cum este prezentata in acest volum. Rezultatele evaluarii clinice trebuie, ulterior evaluarii, formulate intr-un limbaj profesionist, de specialitate, comun psihologiei si psihiatriei. Accesul viitorilor psihologi la acest vocabular de specialitate trebuie sa se faca inca de pe bancile facultatii, cunoasterea semnelor si simptomelor bolilor psihice, a principalelor entitati semiologice psihiatrice fiind extrem de importanta. Scopul urmarit de aceasta carte este acela de a oferi un set rezonabil de informatii de specialitate abordate intr-o maniera didactica, fluida, pornind de la principii de baza si continuand cu metode de lucru, cazuri particulare si analiza diverselor cadre in care acestea pot fi puse in practica. Importanta temei abordate deriva din binomul formare informare. Acest volum este deci important din perspectiva formativa pentru ca pune la dispozitia studentilor, masteranzilor in psihologie, psihologilor cu competente in consiliere, psihoterapie, psihologie clinica, dar si a celor cu alte competente, altor lucratori in domeniul sanatatii mintale, un ghid exhaustiv de semiologie a manifestarilor modurilor normale sau anormale in care fiecare proces si functie psihica poate functiona, imbogatite cu exemple din cazuistica proprie a autoarei sau din literatura de specialitate, ce faciliteaza considerabil intelegerea. Valenta informativa vine din adresarea catre categoria larga a altor persoane care sunt interesate de perspectiva psihologiei asupra bolii psihice.
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Steiner, Hans, Whitney Daniels, Christina Stadler y Michael Kelly. Disruptive Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265458.001.0001.
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Disruptive behavior is extremely common in normal and clinical populations. This book addresses its development, the newly grouped diagnoses associated with it (disruptive behavior disorders), and their biopsychosocial causes and treatment. The past decade has seen a great deal of progress in the psychiatric and psychological literature, which has greatly advanced our understanding of these disorders. The book discusses state-of-the-art studies of taxonomy, epidemiology, etiology, and treatment. Each chapter concludes with a thorough discussion of the clinical implications of this new information, exemplified by real case material. A whole chapter is devoted to the forensic implications of this important grouping of disorders. The chapter begins with a discussion of the exemplary cases in the legal literature, providing the clinician and the expert with a concise briefing of the legal underpinnings of these disorders, which in essence seek to bring the world of medicine to the world of crime. The final chapter provides a concise summary of all preceding chapters, summarizing what we have learned and showing the way into the future in terms of basic research, translational research, and clinical practice. Sources and resources are provided for clinicians, researchers, teachers, primary care physicians, criminologists, forensic experts, and interested lay people.
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Stanghellini, Giovanni, Matthew Broome, Andrea Raballo, Anthony Vincent Fernandez, Paolo Fusar-Poli y René Rosfort, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Phenomenological Psychopathology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803157.001.0001.
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For about one century the catalogue of books in phenomenological psychopathology has been tremendously rich in essays, but remarkably poor in handbooks. Even the cornerstone of our canon, Jaspers’ General Psychopathology, originally written as a textbook, can hardly be given to a student as a basic reading. This makes extremely difficult teaching the fundamentals of our discipline. Students ask for manualized knowledge expecting teachers to explain them what-exactly-must-be-done-in-a-given-circumstance. This Handbook is meant to fill these gaps. It includes a detailed, thorough and reader-friendly description of philosophical and clinical key-concepts and constructs, and of the contributions of leading figures of phenomenological psychopathology. It establishes clear connections between psychopathological knowledge and clinical practice. It liaise phenomenological psychopathology to contemporary debates in nosography, clinical epistemology, research and the neurosciences. It’s stronger benefit is that it brings together evidence-based with person-based knowledge. All learning is based on process of recognition. ‘Recognition’ means identification of someone or something from previous encounters or knowledge. In standard clinical training this process is called ‘diagnosis’ and evidence-based diagnostic skills are deemed fundamental. Students are spot-on when soliciting this kind of knowledge to be regimented and normalized. Yet ‘recognition’ has a second meaning: acknowledging the absolute singularity of what is out there. To recognize someone or something means to be able to tolerate its otherness. This kind of recognition is a practice in which epistemology is in touch with ethics. Whereas recognition qua identification or diagnosis is an act of recollection based on previously acquired knowledge, recognition qua acknowledgement is an ethical act of acceptance of the unique being-so of the other person or state of affairs. The Handbook of Phenomenological Psychopathology engages in bringing together these two kinds of ‘recognition’ and establish a solid as well as flexible framework for the clinic of mental disorders.
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Svrakic, Dragan M. y Mirjana Divac Jovanovic. The Fragmented Personality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190884574.001.0001.
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This book pioneers a new model of personality disorder primarily intended to serve mental health professionals, those already in practice and equally those in training. In contrast to the static concepts of mental normalcy and pathology, the presented nosology is dynamic (accounts for the reversibility of mental functioning) and personalized, context- and time sensitive. In a 3D diagnostic cylinder, the coordinates cross match the person’s common level of mental functioning (vertical diagnosis) with his or her behavior style (horizontal diagnosis) at a point in space and a unit of time, giving the clinician precise milestones to monitor changes in diagnosis and progress in therapy. The central problem with persons suffering from personality disorder does not rest in their extreme behaviors but rather underneath the surface, in the fragmented substrate of personality (a core deficit sine qua non shared by all individual variants), while extreme behaviors merely represent variable compensatory strategies. Based on this model, mechanism-based treatments are outlined: reconstructive interpersonal psychotherapy (a novel, integrative, transtheoretical approach which relies on psychoanalytic and humanist traditions) and mechanism-based pharmacotherapy of neurobiological vulnerabilities associated with excessive temperament traits.
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Tvorogova, M. G. Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. Editado por V. G. Akimkin. Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-9900432-0-6.
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The book contains a detailed description of various laboratory tests used for the etiological diagnosis of diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa. The advantages and disadvantages of direct and indirect methods for determining more than 50 pathogens are noted, their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity are compared. Information about the choice of the optimal type of specimens and the time of its collection for testing will undoubtedly help the clinician to choose an effective algorithm for laboratory diagnosis of a certain infection and will avoid unnecessary expenditures of staff time and material resources for performing uninformative studies. Along with information about modern trends in laboratory diagnosis of infections, this book provides brief information on the main types of current laboratory research. Knowledge about the physiological properties of analytes used in clinical practice and the diagnostic significance of their changes is extremely necessary for detection of the manifestations of infectious diseases, their complications and treatment monitoring. Due to the completeness and diversity of the material presented, the wide range of studies involved, the book will be interesting and useful to a wide range of readers: infectious disease specialists and clinicians of other specialties, including specialists in clinical diagnostic laboratories and laboratories of hygiene and epidemiology centers, as well as to undergraduate and graduate students – biologists and doctors.
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Khorsandi, Maziar, Steven Tsui, John Dark, Alan Kirk, Matthew Hartwig, Mani Daneshmand y Carmelo Milano, eds. Cardiopulmonary transplantation and mechanical circulatory support. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192867612.001.0001.
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Abstract Heart failure and end stage lung disease are some of the most common causes of mortality in the western world. Heart and lung transplantation remain the gold standard in the management of these morbid conditions. However, these treatments are extremely resource intensive and require expertise with most up to date knowledge. This specialist handbook covers subjects such as; diagnosis and treatment of heart failure, mechanical circulatory support, heart transplantation, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation and lung transplantation. There are also separate chapters on congenital and paediatric heart failure and transplantation. This handbook combines practical anecdotes from highly experienced and revered authors and editors from Europe and North America, with the most recent evidence, and produces a concise, quick reference guide for the practitioners on the front line. It is worth acknowledging that there remains significant variation in clinical practice from region to region and between different countries. Undoubtedly, much of what remains in routine practice in the field of cardiopulmonary transplantation and mechanical circulatory support is derived from anecdote and based on observational studies, and high-level evidence in certain areas of our speciality remains limited. Hence, the subjects and techniques described in this handbook are not exhaustive and only reflect the experience of the authors and editors of this handbook. I sincerely hope that readers enjoy using this handbook.
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Wagner, Beth. Withdrawal of Respiratory Technology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190204709.003.0012.
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Respiratory failure can be defined as the inability of the lungs to provide adequate oxygenation or ventilation to sustain life. Respiratory failure can lead to abrupt clinical deterioration and is extremely distressing for patients and families. Advances in technology over the past decade have produced many life-sustaining therapies for patients with respiratory failure. Examples include high-flow oxygen therapy, invasive and noninvasive mechanically assisted breathing ventilation, prostacyclin therapy, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The care of these complex patients necessitates policies and procedures to assure quality care in withdrawal. Standardized protocols for withdrawal of life-sustaining respiratory therapies provide structured guidance, reduce variation in practice, and improve family and healthcare provider satisfaction.
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Keram, Emily A. Hunger strikes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0064.
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The management of hunger strikes in correctional settings presents the psychiatrist with unique clinical and ethical challenges. The potential for such complex tensions between medical decision-making and medical ethics rarely exists in other practice settings. A physician’s primary consideration involves the health of their patient and respect for human life. The correctional psychiatrist treating or evaluating a hunger striker may be involved in medical decisions that lead to opposite extremes, from death by starvation to forced-feeding. Concepts such as respect for human life, respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence present new and difficult considerations in the context of a correctional hunger strike. The psychiatric evaluation and treatment of hunger strikers within the management protocols of the institution is discussed. The lack of international consensus in this area is reviewed. Participating in the management of a hunger-striking prisoner can pose clinical and ethical dilemmas for the correctional psychiatrist. The psychiatrist should have a clear understanding of the international guidelines for physicians on the ethical management of hunger strikes and their institution’s policies and procedures regarding hunger strikes and force-feeding. Consultation with experts in the field may be of assistance in balancing potentially conflicting roles and responsibilities. This chapter provides correctional psychiatrists with the historical, clinical, legal, and ethical background for working with hunger strikers.
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Climate Change for Health Professionals: A Pocket Book. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275121849.
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The effects of climate change on human health are unequivocal and can already be perceived worldwide. Phenomena such as heat waves, cold waves, floods, droughts, hurricanes, storms, and other extreme weather events can impact health both directly and indirectly, as well as trigger or exacerbate certain conditions and, consequently, put pressure on health services and their infrastructure. These include vector-borne, waterborne, and foodborne diseases—due to changes in the behavior and distribution of vectors and pathogens—and mental health disorders induced by mounting social unrest and forced displacement. Climate change for health professionals is a pocket book based on empirical data that offers essential information for medical personnel and other health professionals to realize the impacts of climate change on their daily practice. With this quick reference guide, providers can easily recognize diseases and side effects related to climate change, implement appropriate management and provide guidance to exposed populations, provide up-to-date information on the relationship between the adverse effects of certain drugs and the worsening of climate-sensitive health conditions, and determine the possible consequences of climate change for health services. This book addresses key meteorological risks, as well as the health conditions which they may influence, grouped by specific clinical areas. With this publication, the Pan American Health Organization aims to help build knowledge on the subject and strengthen the capacity of health systems to predict, prevent, and prepare, with a view to offering continuous high-quality health services in a world where climate is changing rapidly.
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Tovar, Mario A. Mexican American Psychology. Praeger, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400685125.
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There are now more than 32 million Mexican Americans living in the United States. As a result, the odds that a clinician will work with a member of this population—one of the fastest-growing minority groups in the United States—is extremely high. Understanding the culture, society, psyche, acculturation, assimilation, and linguistics specific to Mexican Americans, as well as their crises and appropriate interventions, is imperative to provide counseling/therapy services and culturally sensitive assessments. In this book, author Mario Tovar explains how Mexican American history and society affects the needs of this group and how services to Mexican Americans require adjustments as a result. Tovar documents significant differences among Mexican Americans depending on whether they are documented or undocumented immigrants, and on their place of origin—rural versus urban areas of Mexico, and northern versus southern Mexico, for example. Readers will understand how the region of the United States in which Mexican Americans settle can influence the development of certain traits for them and learn about mental and physical health care practices common to Mexican Americans, including folk medicine and "healers" who often include grandmothers and elder neighbors.