Literatura académica sobre el tema "Extra-financial rating"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Extra-financial rating"
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Su, Rongjia, Chunping Liu y Weili Teng. "THE HETEROGENEOUS EFFECTS OF CSR DIMENSIONS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE – A NEW APPROACH FOR CSR MEASUREMENT". Journal of Business Economics and Management 21, n.º 4 (15 de mayo de 2020): 987–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.12394.
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This paper investigates the differential effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) dimensions on corporate financial performance (CFP) across sectors in China. This research uses a unique data set provided by China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR), showing expenditure on CSR programs from 568 Chinese publicly traded firm-year observations from 2008 to 2017. Compared to previous studies using scores produced by extra-financial rating agencies, this research quantifies CSR efforts by corporate expenditure on CSR practices, which offers quantitative and precise information in explaining the CSR-CFP link. The results show that the dimension of the environment has negative effects on financial performance in capital-intensive manufacturing industries. The impact of HR expenditure on CFP is negative in the tertiary sector and resourceintensive manufacturing industries. However, CSR investments in the community are positively related to financial performance in resource-intensive industries and other secondary sector (mining, construction, and utilities). Firms, in general, could gain benefits when spending more on business and financial stakeholders.
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Cox, Savannah. "Inscriptions of resilience: Bond ratings and the government of climate risk in Greater Miami, Florida". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 54, n.º 2 (10 de noviembre de 2021): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x211054162.
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In recent years, credit rating agencies have begun to incorporate a municipality's resilience and vulnerability to climate change into their US municipal bond rating methods. Drawing on the case of Greater Miami resilience planning and Science and Technology Studies-inspired work on inscriptive devices, I investigate how this incorporation practically happens, and how it shapes the ways that Greater Miami governments attempt to govern climate risk through resilience investments. What “counts” as resilience there, I suggest, is increasingly an effect of the observational practices of rating agencies. However, the still-emergent status of resilience as an object of knowledge among rating agencies and Greater Miami governments means that resilience retains a degree of plasticity, allowing government officials and residents alike to mobilize the term for different purposes and toward different ends. In tracing the emergent relations between rating agency practice on climate risk and local government resilience investments, the paper makes two contributions to scholarship in economic and urban geography. First, it illuminates the ways that extra-local practices of expert valuation shape the local construction of environmental fixes. Second, it offers insights into how one of the key actors of the 2007–2008 financial crisis is beginning to lay the epistemic groundwork for future economic crises and inequalities in and between cities, this time as they relate to climate change impacts and a city's supposed resilience and vulnerability to them.
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Landi, Catello Giovanni, Valerio Rapone, Danilo Tuccillo y Andrea Rey. "Does Ethics Reward on Public Markets: Empirical Evidences Ten Years After the Great Recession". International Journal of Business Administration 10, n.º 3 (28 de marzo de 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v10n3p1.
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In the aftermath of the last Great Recession in 2007, firms’ commitment to social responsibility and sustainability started to be considered a corporate leverage to make extra-returns as well as to improve corporate reputation on institutional markets. This in turn has implied a lower uncertainty among investors and a higher trust from stakeholders’ categories, rising virtuous firms’ returns to over-perform their less responsible peers. Hence, this paper investigates the positive externalities of CSR on Italian stock exchange market, focusing on Blue Chips’ financial performance over the ten years post-crisis. In particular, we examined whether a listed company has been rewarded by its stakeholders over a high volatility periods, leveraging on CSR and Sustainability issues. Empirical findings highlight, ceteris paribus, two implications in regards to the impact of sustainability rating on corporate financial health. Indeed, the effect of CSR and corporate sustainability improves significantly companies’ earning performance (Return on Asset), although firms do not benefit from economic outperformances (Earning per Share) on stock exchange market.
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Landi, Giovanni y Mauro Sciarelli. "Towards a more ethical market: the impact of ESG rating on corporate financial performance". Social Responsibility Journal 15, n.º 1 (4 de febrero de 2019): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-11-2017-0254.
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Purpose This paper fits in a research field dealing with the impact of Corporate Ethics Assessment on Financial Performance. The authors argue how environmental, social and governance (ESG) paradigm, meant to measure corporate social performance by rating issuance, can impact on abnormal returns of Italian firms listed on Financial Times Stock Exchange Milano Indice di Borsa (FTSE MIB) Index, developing a panel data analysis which runs from 2007 to 2015. Design/methodology/approach This study aims at exploring whether socially responsible investors outperform an excess market return on Italian Stock Exchange because of their investment behavior, testing statistically the relationship between the yearly ESG assessment issued by Standard Ethics Agency on FTSE MIB’s companies and their abnormal returns. To verify the impact of an ESG Rating on a company’s abnormal return, the authors developed a panel data analysis through a Fixed Effects Model. They measured abnormal returns via Fama–French approach, running a yearly Jensen’s Performance Index for each company under investigation. Findings The empirical results denote in Italy both a growing interest to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability by managers over the past decade, as well as an improving quality in ESG assessments because of a reliable corporate disclosure. Thus, despite investors have been applying ESG criteria in their stock – picking operations, the authors found a not positive and statistically significant impact in terms of market premium, when they have been undertaking a socially responsible investment (SRI). Practical implications The findings described above show that ethics is not yet a reliable fundraising tool for Italian-listed companies, despite SRIs having a positive growth rate over past decade. Investors seem to be not pricing CSR on Stock Exchange Market; therefore, listed companies cannot be rewarded with a premium price because of their highly stakeholder oriented behavior. Originality/value This paper explores, for the first time in Italy, when market extra-returns (if any) are related to corporate social performance and how managers leverage ethics to build capital added value.
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Roshchinа, E. V. y T. V. Vasiuta. "RATING OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF KETCHUPS SALES IN REPUBLIC OF BELARUS". Food Industry: Science and Technology 14, n.º 1(51) (11 de marzo de 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2073-4794-2021-14-1(51)-69-78.
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The assessment of the competitive advantage is based on the essence of value, which is the source of obtaining an advantage and dependents on its content, the scale of distribution and other conditions. In this case, the use of indicators is the most important condition and understandable for the consumer, because these indicators are the subject of any competition. The analysis of the competitiveness shows that most of the proposed methods are based on the use of various financial coefficients for analyzing the activities of enterprises, the competitiveness of certain types of products. The determination of the competitiveness index allows you to establish the rating strength of the competitive advantages of products trademarks.
In order to determine the competitive advantages of ketchup, presented in the trade network of Belarus taking into account the indexes of consumer and economic parameters, 15 studied samples have been calculated. The authors identified the fallowing competitive advantages of ketchups: composition, category, brand, packing, labeling, quality level. Further, the coefficients of the weight of the competitive advantages of the samples were calculated and the assessment of the total value of the competitive advantages was carried out, taking into account the degree of the weight. Based on the calculated indexes of consumer and economic parameters, the competitiveness of the samples has been determined and the rating of ketchup has been also assigned.
As a result of the research, the rating is the following: among ketchups of the category «extra» — ketchup of the trademark «Schedro», among ketchups of the category «highest» — ketchup «Gusto», among ketchups of the category «the first» — ketchup «Iam Heppy», among ketchups of the category «the second» — ketchup «Tomato Signor».
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Kondrat'eva, N. "Transformation of EU Financial Regulation". World Economy and International Relations 66, n.º 10 (2022): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-10-81-92.
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The subject of the study is supranational financial regulation aimed at overcoming the lack of investments, finding effective areas of their application, involving more actors in market processes and eliminating territorial imbalances. The purpose of the article is to form a vision about the growth of financial resources of the European Union (EU), which has become the response of official Brussels to the challenges of recent years, such as the weakening of confidence in EU institutions and the crisis of the COVID‑19 pandemic. The task is solved using expert assessments and descriptions of statistical data. The traditional critical assessment of the European Union budget as a stagnant tool in the system of supranational regulation of socio-economic development is confirmed. The understanding of the flexibility of the EU budget policy is deepened, the benefits for two groups of countries are illustrated: net recipients and net donors. The expansion of the EU’s budget and investment regulation in the last decade has been noted due to its going beyond own resources and strengthening the role of extra-budgetary stabilization and investment instruments. The investment rating of the member states has been compiled based on the results of the work of the Strategic Investment Fund. An increase in the EU’s financial capabilities up to 2.5 times, taking into account euro loans, has been tracked, increasing the interest of aid-seeking countries in EU membership. The total benefits of the member states from the distribution of EU grants in 2021–2007 are calculated and a significant benefit for the five large EU countries is shown. The conclusion is made about the formation of the “second generation” of EU financial resources and the transition to a higher level of supranational regulation of the processes of intensification of socio-economic development of the EU and intraregional capital movements.
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Sweeney, Cary y Rachel K. Bell. "BENEFICENCE, COMPANIONSHIP AND FINANCES AS MOTIVATORS FOR PARTICIPATION IN INTERGENERATIONAL HOME SHARING". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (noviembre de 2019): S962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3489.
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Abstract In January 2019, the UC Berkeley Retirement Center began piloting Berkeley Home Match (BHM), a program that matches graduate students who need affordable housing with retirees who live near campus and have an extra room. BHM seeks to address affordable housing challenges for retirees and students while creating meaningful relationships. While some data exists for home sharing programs, less is known about the motivators and outcomes of retirees and students participating in these programs. In addition to decreasing the financial burden of housing, Social Exchange Theory suggests the built-in reciprocity of intergenerational home sharing may facilitate meaningful relationships. The purpose of this program evaluation was to understand the motivating factors for participation in a University-based home sharing program. Applicants (N=35) rated factors that influenced their decision to participate using a 7-point scale (1=“Not Influential”, 7=“Very Influential”). On average, homeowners (N=6) rated “helping a student” 5.2, “income” 5.2, and “companionship” 3.6, while home seekers (N=29) rated “helping an older adult” 5.03, “rent price” 6.1, and “companionship” 4.76. Surprisingly, ratings for “helping a student” and “helping a senior” were the same or close to ratings for “income” and “rent prices,” suggesting beneficence could be a key motivator and interdependence a mechanism for relationship development. Additionally, students’ rating for “companionship” was higher than expected, indicating an openness to the relationship. These findings as well as other factors impacting home matching will be discussed, including participant demographics, reduced housing cost, housing characteristics, and long-term program feasibility.
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Velu, Shubashini Rathina, Vinayakumar Ravi y Kayalvily Tabianan. "Multi-Lexicon Classification and Valence-Based Sentiment Analysis as Features for Deep Neural Stock Price Prediction". Sci 5, n.º 1 (15 de febrero de 2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci5010008.
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The goal of the work is to enhance existing financial market forecasting frameworks by including an additional factor–in this example, a collection of carefully chosen tweets—into a long-short repetitive neural channel. In order to produce attributes for such a forecast, this research used a unique attitude analysis approach that combined psychological labelling and a valence rating that represented the strength of the sentiment. Both lexicons produced extra properties such 2-level polarization, 3-level polarization, gross reactivity, as well as total valence. The emotional polarity explicitly marked into the database contrasted well with outcomes of the innovative lexicon approach. Plotting the outcomes of each of these concepts against actual market rates of the equities examined has been the concluding step in this analysis. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), preciseness, as well as Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) were used to evaluate the results. Across most instances of market forecasting, attaching an additional factor has been proven to reduce the RMSE and increase the precision of forecasts over lengthy sequences.
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Katarachia, Androniki, Electra Pitoska, Grigoris Giannarakis y Elpida Poutoglidou. "The drivers of corporate governance disclosure: the case of Nifty 500 Index". International Journal of Law and Management 60, n.º 2 (12 de marzo de 2018): 681–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-02-2017-0020.
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Purpose Based on agency theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants on the dissemination level of corporate governance disclosure (CGD). Design/methodology/approach The sample of the study incorporates listed companies in Nifty 500 Index for the period 2009-2014. The Governance Disclosure Score calculated by Bloomberg is used as a proxy for the dissemination level of corporate governance information. In total, eight explanatory variables are uses, namely, board’s size, number of board meetings, CEO duality, presence of women on the board, company’s size, financial performance, Tobin’s Q ratio and financial leverage. Findings The results of study suggest a need for improvement in CGDs by Indian companies, as they fail to comply the majority of the proposed disclosure items. Furthermore, it is revealed that the number of board director, the value of company, the financial leverage and the presence of women affect negatively the dissemination level of corporate governance information. While, the size of company is the only determinant that positively affects the extent of CGD. Practical implications The results are valuable because they reveal the attributes that determines which companies needs less or extra monitoring by shareholders and investors regarding the applied corporate governance practices. In addition, the study can be valuable to policy makers responsible for the regulation of company’s accountability in relation to corporate governance practices. Originality/value The study extents previous studies by incorporating for the first time Bloomberg’s rating approach regarding the dissemination level of CGD in Indian context.
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Wymenga, M., B. Biesma, A. Vincent, O. Dalesio, J. Stigt, H. Smit y H. Groen. "Can baseline complete geriatric assessment (CGA) predict toxicity in elderly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) receiving combination chemotherapy? Results from the first 100 pts in the prospective multicenter NVALT-3 study". Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, n.º 18_suppl (20 de junio de 2007): 7537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.7537.
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7537 Background: Nearly 50% of NSCLC pts are aged over 70 years, but only few receive combination chemotherapy. Undertreatment results from a fear of associated toxicities. CGA may predict which patients are prone to toxicities, and thus allow patient selection for such treatment. Methods: A total of 182 NSCLC pts = 70 years with stage IIIb/IV disease were randomized to 4 cycles carboplatin/gemcitabine (group 1) or carboplatin/paclitaxel (group 2). Before treatment, CGA was performed using the following instruments: WHO Performance Scale (PS), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatrics (CIRS-G), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Timed “Up&Go” (TUG), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Score (GDS-15), Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI). Toxicity was scored using NCI-CTC v2. Toxicity related outcomes were defined as all grade III/IV toxicities, toxicity related SAEs, = grade II neurological toxicity and the ability to finish all cycles. Results: In the first 100 pts mean age was 75 yrs (range 70–85). PS was 0 in 30%, 1 in 56% and 2 in 14%. 57% completed all 4 cycles. 11% stopped treatment prematurely due to toxicity and 12% due to PD. Overall, grade III/IV toxicity occurred in 66% of pts, toxicity related SAEs in 12%, and 35% experienced = grade 2 neurological toxicity (n=13 group 1, n=22 group 2). Median (range) baseline CGA scores were as follows: CCI 1.0 (0–7), CIRS-G 3.0 (0–14), ADL independent 72%, IADL independent 50%, TUG 12.0 sec.(5–40), MMSE 29 (19–30), GDS-15 normal (score 0–4) 71%, GFI 3.0 (0–10). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that, for experiencing toxicity related SAEs CIRS-G provided extra information, for experiencing neurological toxicities MMSE was predictive and for finishing all cycles, IADL provided extra information in addition to PS and stage. Conclusions: CGA can predict toxicity in elderly NSCLC pts receiving combination chemotherapy. Data on all 182 patients will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Tesis sobre el tema "Extra-financial rating"
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Cassely, Ludovic. "Essais sur la performance sociétale des entreprises dans un contexte international : une approche par la diversité des modèles de capitalisme". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL2001.
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L'entreprise dans une démarche de performance globale et face aux nombreux défis du monde contemporain, doit à la fois concilier des impératifs de rentabilité, de pérennité et de performance mais également devenir "vertueuse" vis à vis du monde qui l'entoure. Cet engagement implique des contraintes en termes d'organisation, de respect de l'environnement mais aussi dans les rapports avec les parties prenantes internes et externes et plus globalement vis à vis de la société.Dans ce contexte, la thèse a pour objectif d’identifier, à l’appui des données sociétales fournies par Vigéo-Eiris (base longitudinale 2004-2015), la diversité des facteurs pouvant expliquer la dynamique des comportements sociétaux sur le long terme dans un contexte international au travers de l’appartenance à un modèle de capitalisme.A l’appui d’un cadre théorique pluraliste, elle tente de répondre à cet objectif au travers de trois questions de recherche qui vont permettre :- D’identifier les déterminants de la performance sociétale sur le long terme grâce à une analyse multi-niveaux ;- De mesurer l’impact de la crise de 2008 sur le niveau de performance sociétale des firmes en analysant le niveau d’implication des entreprises avant, pendant et après cette période ;- D’apprécier la dynamique d’amélioration à long terme des performances sociétales en comparant les résultats des entreprises ayant les meilleures notations sociétales avec celles moins bien notéesIn a global performance approach and in the face of the many challenges of the contemporary world, the company must reconcile the imperatives of profitability, sustainability and performance, but also become "virtuous" with respect to the world around it. This commitment implies constraints in terms of organization, respect for the environment, but also in relations with internal and external stakeholders and more generally with respect to society.In this context, the aim of the thesis is to identify, with the support of societal data provided by Vigéo-Eiris (longitudinal basis 2004-2015), the diversity of factors that can explain the dynamics of societal behaviour in the long term in an international context through belonging to a model of capitalism.With the support of a pluralistic theoretical framework, she tries to answer this objective through three research questions that will allow :- To identify the determinants of societal performance over the long term through a multi-level analysis ;- To measure the impact of the 2008 crisis on the level of societal performance of firms by analyzing the level of involvement of firms before, during and after this period ;- To assess the dynamics of long-term improvement in societal performance by comparing the results of the companies with the best societal ratings with those with lower ratings
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Extra-financial rating"
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Eichengreen, Barry. "Missed Opportunities". En In Defense of Public Debt, 165–80. Oxford University PressNew York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577899.003.0011.
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Abstract The two decades preceding the Global Financial Crisis are known as the “Great Moderation.” Over its course, most advanced countries made progress on debt consolidation. Debt ratios came down, mainly as a result of concerted efforts to run budget surpluses. In Europe, qualifying for the single currency added extra incentive, since membership in Europe’s monetary union required a country to keep its deficit low and to reduce its debt. An exception to the trend was Japan, where a real estate bubble and unfavorable demographics resulted in stagnation and the largest-ever peacetime increase in public debt. Fiscal prudence then receded in the 2000s, when debt started piling up again. In hindsight, this pro-cyclicality was ill-advised. When the subprime crisis hit, governments lacked fiscal space.
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Özbek, Gökhan Berk. "Risk-Adjusted Return Methods: an Application to the BIST". En Evoluation of Financial Markets 2. Özgür Yayınları, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub105.c514.
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In the scope of the modern finance theory, it is not possible to deal with the return factor from the risk factor independently. While rationalist investors would like to maximize their returns on their investments, they want to minimize their risks. They expect to be rewarded with a higher return for the extra risk they take. In this context, some indices calculated within the scope of BIST have been subjected to performance valuation with risk-adjusted return methods. In the study, BIST Sustainability (XUSRD), BIST Corporate Governance (XKURY), BIST Dividend (XTMTU) and BIST Participation 30 (XK030) indices were addressed and M2 Performance Ratio, T2 Performance Ratio, Jensen Alpha and Fama Decomposition methods were used to calculate the risk-adjusted returns of the indices. In the study, 251-day data set in the period of 03.01.2022-30.12.2022 was used. Data were obtained from Refinitiv Eikon. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the BIST Participation 30 index is the index with the best performance in terms of all methods. This is one of the findings that proves that Islamic indices, which have an important mission to transfer idle capital to financial markets and to create an effective real economy by spreading capital, do not have any disadvantage in terms of rationality when compared to their conventional counterparts. Although the BIST Dividend index has the lowest performance in terms of all methods, it should not be forgotten that the returns discussed in the research are capital returns, and the dividend income provided by the relevant companies should also be considered in addition to the capital return at the investment stage.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Extra-financial rating"
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Prossinger, Hermann, Nikola Geciova, Miroslav Horvath, Jakub Binter y Eliska Cempirkova. "How the Ones in Need Solve Financial Problems in Times of Crisis? The Implication for Government Support Programs". En 10th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004098.
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After the COVID-19 pandemic ended the war between Ukraine and Russia resulted in further price increases and a decrease in the quality of living of many Europeans. Many groups of citizens must be able to survive on meagre resources — despite being located thousands of kilometers from the war-zone. The two most affected groups are senior citizens and single parents who oftentimes do not have sufficient savings. The government provides financial support (e.g. housing allowance) to those in need after their successfully filling out application forms and proving their crisis situations. These are reviewed for eligibility by the Labor Employment Office. There are several problems inherent in this bureaucratic procedure. Among these are: complex jurisdictional language, external reference requirements, and lengthy forms. All these force — willingly or unwillingly — the individuals to either avoid or fail the application process. In order to investigate statistics aspects of the avoidance aspect of this state of affairs, we collected data from Czech citizens via an online questionnaire at the end of 2022. The questions were specifically aimed at understanding the potential applicants' mechanisms of dealing with their financial crises. We queried respondents' ratings to nine queries about their financial strategies (taking out a loan, use of savings, etc.) and two about their income. All responses were categorical variables.We constructed a contingency matrix and performed a correspondence analysis. This method shows associations, replacing the often-times used erroneous approach of looking for correlations (which do not exist for categorical variables). Furthermore, we can find an a priori unknown number of associations and the fraction of statistical noise in the contingency matrix. We use a clustering algorithm ('spectral' clustering) to find the number of possible associations and construction of concave hulls to aid in analyzing these.We find: (a) the associations explain 91.9% of the square of the Frobenius norm of the contingency matrix; (b) nine queries associate (in four clusters) for certain response categories; (c) two queries do not associate (one is independent of response categories); and (d) one query associates with only one response query.The implications of these associations are as follows: (a) all respondents intend to decrease their outlays; (b) those who earn between 20 and 30 thousand CZK are hesitant to ask for government support; (c) the participants would rather not borrow money from family, bank, nor sell their valuables; (d) the rejection of possible non-bank loans associates with the rejection of selling a property; (e) reliance on savings does not associate with any other query, nor does total household income — nor does finding an extra job. Application of our findings are twofold. First, we see that the strongest statistical signal does not provide support for an association between personal or family income and the proffered solution of government support. Second, the associations we found indicate a crucial and ominous rejection of the Czech government's strategy and expectations. Specifically, we suggest a remedial strategy of matching the application process with the linguistic accessibility of low-income citizens.