Artículos de revistas: "Experimentation on yarns and composite materials"

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Yazdanshenas, Mohammad Esmail, Rogheih Damerchely, Abo Saied Rashidi y Ramin Khajavi. "Bioactive Nano-Composite Multifilament Yarns". Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, n.º 1 (marzo de 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700108.

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Physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of nylon 6 (polycaprolactam) doped with different amounts of silver nanoparticles were investigated in this study. Two series of filament yarns counts (20 and 70 Denier) were produced by melt spinning method with different amounts of silver nanoparticles contents (0, 0.5, 1 and 4 wt%). Elemental analysis of silver and titanium dioxide (present in polymer as delustering agent) was carried out by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods. Tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the yarns. Antimicrobial activities were quantitatively evaluated against Escherichia Coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus Aureus (gram-positive) bacteria. The doped nylon 6 fibers showed a well dispersed distribution of silver nanoparticles. Yarns with 0.5–1.0 wt% of silver nanoparticle content were found to have improved physical and mechanical properties, as well as, significant antimicrobial activity.

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Demircan, Ozgur, Shinsuke Ashibe, Tatsuya Kosui y Asami Nakai. "Modeling of tensile and bending properties of biaxial weft knitted composites". Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 22, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2015): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2013-0274.

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AbstractWithin the scope of experiments, the effect of aramid and glass yarns as stitch and biaxial (warp and weft) yarns in the biaxial weft knitted (BWK) composite was compared. After production of four types of composite panel using the hand lay-up method, the tensile and bending properties of the BWK composites were investigated both experimentally and numerically. The composite with the glass stitch and biaxial yarns exhibited higher tensile and bending properties than did the composite with the aramid stitch and biaxial yarns. The good agreement between the experimental results and the numerical results validated the applicability of the finite-element method for the BWK composites. The laminate beam theory was utilized as another modeling method for calculation of the bending modulus.

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Qi, Ye Xiong, Jia Lu Li y Liang Sen Liu. "Bending Properties of Three-Layer Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composite Materials". Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (julio de 2011): 1217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.1217.

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In this paper, three-layer biaxial weft knitted fabric(TBWK) made of carbon fiber as inserted yarns and polyester yarns as knitted yarns , which is a kind of non-crimp fabric, has been impregnated with epoxy via RTM technique. The bending properties of the TBWK fabric reinforced composite materials with different fiber volume fraction have been investigated. The bending strength of TBWK reinforced composites with fiber volume fraction of 48.8% can reach 821.1 MPa. The results show that this kind of composites has good bending properties, and load - deflection curve shows obvious linear features.

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RAIMONDO, L. y M. H. ALIABADI. "MULTISCALE PROGRESSIVE FAILURE ANALYSIS OF PLAIN-WOVEN COMPOSITE MATERIALS". Journal of Multiscale Modelling 01, n.º 02 (abril de 2009): 263–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973709000141.

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The paper presents an overview of multiscale modeling of advanced fibrous composite materials. Following the review, a nonlinear, fully three-dimensional, numerical model is proposed which is suitable for multiscale elastic and progressive failure analysis of plain-woven composite materials. The proposed model is developed for implementation into the Finite Element code ABAQUS/Explicit as a user-defined subroutine for constant stress (one integration point) solid elements. The multiscale strategy applied in this paper uses a closed-form solution approach for homogenization of the mesoscale properties of a woven composite. A mosaic model of the woven composite's Representative Volume Element (RVE) is used for deriving the micromechanical relations used for homogenization. The composite RVE model used herein is composed of UD interlacing yarns (fill and warp yarns) and matrix-rich regions. For failure and damage analysis, the following features are implemented in this work: material nonlinearity for pure in-plane shear deformation; physically-based failure criteria for matrix failure in the UD yarns; maximum stress failure criteria for failure of fibers in the UD yarns and of the pure matrix in the resin-rich regions and energy-based damage mechanics. The proposed strategy, which has been implemented and tested for a special case of an in-plane damage, has some evident advantages compared to the other approaches, especially for application to full-scale simulations, i.e., component and structural scales. A comparison of the proposed model with experimental data shows a good correlation can be achieved.

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Sarioğlu, Esin y Osman Babaarslan. "A Study on Physical Properties of Microfilament Composite Yarns". Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 11, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2016): 155892501601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501601100310.

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In the textile industry, composite yarns with multifilament cores are used to impart strength. There are various spinning systems to produce composite core-spun yarns. In this study, to determine the effects of filament fineness on yarn characteristics of composite yarns, polyester filaments with medium, fine and micro fiber linear densities were used as the core portion and cotton fiber was used as the sheath material. Yarn samples were manufactured using a modified ring spinning system with four different yarn counts and constant twist factor (ae). The effect of filament linear density on yarn tensile properties, unevenness and imperfections was determined. Yarn evenness and tensile properties were compared with 100% cotton ring spun yarn and to each other. When relative amount of core increases, it was observed that composite yarns had improved tenacity and elongation compared to 100% cotton ring spun yarn. Although filament fineness was found to have a significant effect on the CVm % properties, there was no statistical effect on imperfections other than yarn count parameter.

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Wang, Yu, Xuejiao Li, Junbo Xie, Ning Wu, Yanan Jiao y Peng Wang. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Bending Behavior for High-Performance Fiber Yarns Considering Probability Distribution of Fiber Strength". Textiles 3, n.º 1 (18 de febrero de 2023): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles3010010.

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The performance of fiber-reinforced composite materials is significantly influenced by the mechanical properties of the yarns. Predictive simulations of the mechanical response of yarns are, thus, necessary for fiber-reinforced composite materials. This paper developed a novel experiment equipment and approach to characterize the bending behavior of yarns, which was also analyzed by characterization parameters, bending load, bending stiffness, and realistic contact area. Inspired by the digital element approach, an improved modeling methodology with the probability distribution was employed to establish the geometry model of yarns and simulated bending behavior of yarns by defining the crimp strain of fibers in the yarn and the effective elastic modulus of yarns as random variables. The accuracy of the developed model was confirmed by the experimental approach. More bending behavior of yarns, including the twisted and plied yarns, was predicted by numerical simulation. Additionally, models revealed that twist level and number of plies affect yarn bending properties, which need to be adopted as sufficient conditions for the mechanical analysis of fiber-reinforced composite materials. This efficient experiment and modeling method is meaningful to be developed in further virtual weaving research.

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Huang, Chien-Lin, Yu-Tien Huang, Ting-Ting Li, Chia-Hsuan Chiang, Ching-Wen Lou y Jia-Horng Lin. "Composite processing and property evaluation of far-infrared/electromagnetic shielding bamboo charcoal/phase change material/stainless steel elastic composite fabrics". Journal of Polymer Engineering 36, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 2016): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0080.

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Abstract This study aims to fabricate far-infrared (FIR)/electromagnetic shielding composite fabric and its composite yarn. Five types of composite yarns with different sheath components were made by using bamboo charcoal (BC) fibers, phase change material (PCM) roving and stainless steel (SS) fibers via a ring spinning frame, and then fabricated into five elastic warp-knitted fabrics with different weft yarns using a crochet knitting machine. The mechanical properties of different constituents of composite yarns and their fabrics, as well as FIR emissivity and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of resulting fabrics were evaluated. The results show that BC/SS composite yarns and their fabricated warp-knitted fabrics display the highest tensile strength. Warp-knitted fabrics containing BC fibers possess the highest FIR emissivity. EMSE of the fabricated warp-knitted fabrics improves proportionally with the number of the lamination layers. The resulting multifunctional elastic knitted fabrics apply as athletic clothing, underwear, socks, protective or healthcare products in the future.

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Yalcinkaya, Fatma, Michal Komarek, Daniela Lubasova, Filip Sanetrnik y Jiri Maryska. "Preparation of Antibacterial Nanofibre/Nanoparticle Covered Composite Yarns". Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7565972.

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The antibacterial efficiency of nanofibre composite yarns with an immobilized antibacterial agent was tested. This novel type of nanofibrous composite material combines the good mechanical properties of the core yarn with the high specific surface of the nanofibre shell to gain specific targeted qualities. The main advantages of nanofibre covered composite yarns over the standard planar nanofibre membranes include high tensile strength, a high production rate, and their ability to be processed by standard textile techniques. The presented paper describes a study of the immobilization of an antibacterial agent and its interaction with two types of bacterial colonies. The aim of the study is to assess the applicability of the new composite nanomaterial in antibacterial filtration. During the experimental tests copper(II) oxide particles were immobilized in the polyurethane and polyvinyl butyral nanofibre components of a composite yarn. The antibacterial efficiency was evaluated by using both Gram-negativeEscherichia coliand Gram-positiveStaphylococcus gallinarumbacteria. The results showed that the composite yarn with polyvinyl butyral nanofibres incorporating copper(II) oxide nanoparticles exhibited better antibacterial efficiency compared to the yarn containing the polyurethane nanofibres. The nanofibre/nanoparticle covered composite yarns displayed good antibacterial activity against a number of bacteria.

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Jaouachi, B., M. Ben Hassen y F. Sakli. "STRENGTH OF WET SPLICED DENIM YARNS AFTER SIZING USING A CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN". AUTEX Research Journal 7, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2007): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2007-070302.

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Abstract The retained strength of wet spliced yarns can be controlled to some extent by suitable choices of certain factors related to the process. In order to understand how these variables influence the breaking force of wet spliced yarns, a central composite design was formulated and three variables - yarn count, the duration of air joining and the duration of water joining - were considered. Analysis of the results indicates that yarn count and length of splice contribute significantly to this mechanical property of wet sized spliced yarns. The duration of water joining, the duration of air joining of splice and the recipe size have a considerable effects.

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Matsumoto, Hidetoshi, Shinji Imaizumi, Yuichi Konosu, Minoru Ashizawa, Mie Minagawa, Akihiko Tanioka, Wei Lu y James M. Tour. "Electrospun Composite Nanofiber Yarns Containing Oriented Graphene Nanoribbons". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 5, n.º 13 (26 de junio de 2013): 6225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am401161b.

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Wu, Ning, Shanshan Zheng, Jie Yang, Yang Gao, Jing Wang y Li Chen. "Three-dimensional orthogonal nonwoven single polymer composite". Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 36, n.º 12 (1 de marzo de 2017): 889–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684417694752.

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This paper describes the production and bending properties of three-dimensional orthogonal single polymer composites made from axial–braider commingling yarns where the braider yarns are completely melted to produce the matrix phase. The research was demonstrated using poly(lactic acid) yarn as an example. The optimum linear density ratio of braider and axial yarn was prescreened. The effects of consolidation temperature, pressure, and preform thickness on the bending properties were investigated by Environment Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) observations and mechanical bending tests. The results showed that the best bending properties of single poly(lactic acid) composite were detected in the braider–axial yarns ratio of 5/6. At this ratio, the increase of the consolidation temperature was to improve the bending properties (from 145 to 160℃), while it markedly decreased at 165℃. As the processing pressure increased, a remarkable improvement in the interfacial bonding between fibers and matrix occurred at a pressure of around 8 MPa. The increase of preform thickness gave rise to higher fiber volume fraction in the single poly(lactic acid) composite, with the result that the peak values of maximum stress and modulus were obtained at the preform thickness of 9 mm.

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Liu, Wei, Fujun Xu, Nianhua Zhu y Shuang Wang. "Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanotube / Polydimethylsiloxane Composites Yarn". Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 11, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2016): 155892501601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501601100406.

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Carbon nano tube (CNT) yarn is an axially aligned CNT assembly. It has great potential many applications. In this study, the mechanical and electrical properties of the aerogel-spun CNT yarns and CNT/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite yarns were investigated. The CNT/PDMS yarn was fabricated by droplet infiltration of PDMS solution into the aerogel-spun CNT yarn. The mechanical properties of the CNT/PDMS yarns were significantly improved with an average strength of 837.29 MPa and modulus of 3.66 GPa, over 100% improvement compared to the original CNT yarns. The electrical conductivity of the CNT/PDMS yarn increased from 1636 S/cm to 3555 S/cm. The electromechanical properties of CNT/PDMS yarns demonstrated that such CNT yarn could be suitable for strain sensors.

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Graupner, Nina, Karl-Heinz Lehmann, David E. Weber, Hans-Willi Hilgers, Erik G. Bell, Isabel Walenta, Luisa Berger et al. "Novel Low-Twist Bast Fibre Yarns from Flax Tow for High-Performance Composite Applications". Materials 14, n.º 1 (29 de diciembre de 2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010105.

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The use of natural fibres for components subjected to higher mechanical requirements tends to be limited by the high price of high-quality semi-finished products. Therefore, the present study deals with the development of more cost-effective staple fibre yarns made from flax tow. In the subsequent processing stage, the yarns were processed into quasi-unidirectional (UD) fabrics. The results of the fibre characterisation along the process chain have shown that no significant mechanical fibre damage occurs after slivers’ production. Fibres prepared from yarns and fabrics show comparable characteristics. The yarns were processed to composites by pultrusion to verify the reinforcement effect. The mechanical properties were comparable to those of composites made from a high-quality UD flax roving. The fabrics were industrially processed into composite laminates using a vacuum infusion and an autoclave injection process (vacuum injection method in an autoclave). While impact strength compared to a reference laminate based on the UD flax roving was achieved, tensile and flexural properties were not reached. An analysis showed that the staple fibre yarns in the fabric show an undulation, leading to a reorientation of the fibres and lower characteristic values, which show 86–92% of the laminate made from the flax roving. Hybrid laminates with outer glass and inner flax layers were manufactured for the intended development of a leaf spring for the bogie of a narrow-gauge railroad as a demonstrator. The hybrid composites display excellent mechanical properties and showed clear advantages over a pure glass fibre-reinforced composite in lightweight construction potential, particularly flexural stiffness.

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Akhtar, Naveed, Mumtaz Hasan Malik y Abu Bakkar. "Comparative study of cut and abrasion resistance performance of gloves made from high performance composite yarns". NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences 11, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24949/njes.v11i2.327.

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Cut resistant gloves are generally made from different types of high performance composite yarns. To achieve a certain level of cut resistance, material type, material composition and yarn linear density are changed which however make it sometimes difficult to decide the most suitable combination of the materials. In this work, eighteen seamless gloves were made by using core and sheath friction-spun yarns of various linear densities and core types, and their cut resistance performances were compared.For this purpose, eighteen composite yarns with three linear densities i.e. 118 tex (Ne 5), 98 tex (Ne 6) and 84 tex (Ne 7) were made on a friction spinning machine by using 5.55tex (50 denier), 11.11 tex (100 denier), 16.66 tex (150 denier), 33.33 tex (300 denier) multifilament glass yarns, and 89 denier (40 micron) and 139 denier (50 micron) monofilament steel yarn as core and Kevlar®29 staple fiber as sheath. Mechanical tests of the yarns showed that the tensile strength and tenacity of yarns increased as the linear density of glass yarns increased, whereas elongation at break and time to break increased with an increase of linear density of steel monofilament yarn. Coefficient of friction of all the yarns did not show any significant trend. Abrasion and cut resistance of the gloves made from 118 tex (Ne 5) composite yarn with 5.55tex (50 denier) glass yarn as core showed the best results, whereas no significant difference was seen in the dexterity of all the gloves.

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Raji, Rafiu King, Xuhong Miao, Shu Zhang, Yutian Li, Ailan Wan y Charles Frimpong. "A comparative study of knitted strain sensors fabricated with conductive composite and coated yarns". International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, n.º 2 (15 de abril de 2019): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-07-2018-0087.

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PurposeThe use of conductive yarns or wires to design and construct fabric-based strain sensors is a research area that is gaining much attention in recent years. This is based on a profound theory that conductive yarns will have a variation in resistance if subjected to tension. What is not clear is to which types of conductive yarns are most suited to delivering the right sensitivity. The purpose of this paper is to look at strain sensors knitted with conductive composite and coated yarns which include core spun, blended, coated and commingled yarns. The conductive components are stainless steel and silver coating respectively with polyester as the nonconductive part. Using Stoll CMS 530 flat knitting machine, five samples each were knitted with the mentioned yarn categories using 1×1 rib structure. Sensitivity tests were carried out on the samples. Piezoresistive response of the samples reveals that yarns with heterogeneous external structures showed both an increase and a decrease in resistance, whereas those with homogenous structures responded linearly to stress. Stainless steel based yarns also had higher piezoresistive range compared to the silver-coated ones. However, comparing all the knitted samples, silver-coated yarn (SCY) proved to be more suitable for strain sensor as its response to tension was unidirectional with an appreciable range of change in resistance.Design/methodology/approachConductive composite yarns, namely, core spun yarn (CSY1), core spun yarn (CSY2), silver-coated blended yarn (SCBY), staple fiber blended yarn (SFBY) and commingled yarn (CMY) were sourced based on specifications and used to knit strain sensor samples. Electro-mechanical properties were investigated by stretching on a fabric tensile machine to ascertain their suitability for a textile strain sensor.FindingsIn order to generate usable signal for a strain sensor for a conductive yarn, it must have persistent and consistent conductive links, both externally and internally. In the case of composite yarns such as SFBY, SCBY and CMY where there were no consistent alignment and inter-yarn contact, resistance change fluctuated. Among all six different types of yarns used, SCY presented the most suitable result as its response to tension was unidirectional with an appreciable range of change in resistance.Originality/valueThis is an original research carried out by the authors who studied the electro-mechanical properties of some composite conductive yarns that have not been studied before in textile strain sensor research. Detailed research methods, results and interpretation of the results have thus been presented.

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Jauffret, Marjorie, Aldo Cocchi, Naim Naouar, Christian Hochard y Philippe Boisse. "Textile Composite Damage Analysis Taking into Account the Forming Process". Materials 13, n.º 23 (25 de noviembre de 2020): 5337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235337.

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The internal structure of composite materials is modified during manufacturing. The formation of woven prepregs or dry preforms changes the angle between the warp and weft yarns. The damage behaviour of the consolidated composite is modified by these changes of angle. It is important when designing a composite part to consider this modification when calculating the damage in order to achieve a correct dimensioning. In this paper, a damage calculation approach of the consolidated textile composite that takes into account the change in orientation of the yarns due to forming is proposed. The angles after forming are determined by a simulation of the draping based on a hypoelastic behaviour of the woven fabric reinforcement. Two orthogonal frames based on the warp and weft directions of the textile reinforcement are used for the objective integration of stresses. Damage analysis of the cured woven composite with non-perpendicular warp and weft directions is achieved by replacing it with two equivalent Unidirectional (UD) plies representing the yarn directions. For each ply, a model based on Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) describes the progressive damage. Two examples are presented, a bias extension specimen and the hemispherical forming coupon. In both cases, the angles between the warp and weft yarns are changed. It is shown that the damage calculated by taking into account these angle changes is greatly modified.

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Geng, Wei, Ye Xiong Qi y Jia Lu Li. "Bending Properties of Five-Layer Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composite Materials". Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (diciembre de 2011): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.359.

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Five-layer biaxial weft knitted (FBWK) fabric is one kind of multilayered biaxial weft knitted (MBWK) fabric. FBWK fabric is made of carbon fiber as inserted yarns and stitched with polyester yarns, and it has been impregnated with epoxy via resin transfer molding (RTM) technique to manufacture the composite plates. The bending properties of the FBWK fabric reinforced composite are studied with the three-point bending test method. The bending properties of the FBWK fabric reinforced composite materials with different fiber volume fraction have been investigated. The results show that the relationship between bending load and deflection is obviously linear before reaching the maximum load. Within a certain range, the bending strength of this kind of composites increases with the fiber volume fraction increasing. When the fiber volume fraction is 57%, the bending strength is 1051.4 MPa.

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Niu, Haitao, Weimin Gao, Tong Lin, Xungai Wang y Lingxue Kong. "Composite yarns fabricated from continuous needleless electrospun nanofibers". Polymer Engineering & Science 54, n.º 7 (10 de julio de 2013): 1495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.23690.

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Yan, Tao y Zhijuan Pan. "High conductivity electrospun carbon/graphene composite nanofiber yarns". Polymer Engineering & Science 58, n.º 6 (16 de agosto de 2017): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24643.

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Cheung, Benjamin KO y Jason P. Carey. "Improving two-dimensional braided composite tensile properties by including low angle yarn twist: Production, experimental verification, and modeling". Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (enero de 2020): 155892502094644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020946449.

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Tubular braided composites combine manufacturing technologies from textiles and composites industries. The design of the reinforcing textile structure plays a significant role in the mechanical characteristics of the final composite. Twisted yarns have shown improved strength over untwisted ones, even for continuous multifilament yarns where twist is not necessary for the manufacturing process. In this work, a manufacturing process is piloted in which twisted yarns are introduced to the braiding process. Static testing is then done to determine the impact of yarn twist on the stiffness and strength. Finally, the Ramberg–Osgood model is adapted to the results in order to provide a descriptive model for the behavior of tubular braided composites beyond the proportional limit.

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Memarian, Farnaz, Mohammad Amani Tehran y Masoud Latifi. "Characterization of photocatalytic composite nanofiber yarns with respect to their tensile properties". Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, n.º 5 (25 de noviembre de 2016): 921–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716679156.

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In this paper, nylon 66/TiO2 composite nanofiber yarn has been developed using electrospinning method. The effect of the TiO2 nanoparticle content on the physical and tensile properties of the resulted composite nanofiber yarns has been extensively investigated using SEM, EDX, FTIR and mechanical testing machine. The probability density function is computed to model the diameter distribution of nanofibers constituent of the composite yarn for different percentages of TiO2. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles into the electrospun composite nanofiber yarn decreases its tensile strength. The influence of thickness (diameter) and twist of the yarn on its tensile strength has been considered and the optimum conditions with improved tensile strength have been presented. Photoactivity of the composite yarns is tested against Rhodamine B (RhB). Results show that nanocomposite yarns are effective to be used as an economically and environmentally friendly photocatalyst in water remediation processes. They are not dispersed in the solution and can be removed easily without additional and costly steps of filtration or centrifuge.

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Mitchell, Cynthia J., James A. Sherwood, Konstantine A. Fetfatsidis y Lisa M. Dangora. "Characterization of Cured Composite Materials for Wind Turbine Blades". Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (junio de 2013): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.478.

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NCFs (Non-Crimp Fabrics) infused with epoxy resin are popular in the design of wind turbine blades and other complex systems due to their ability to conform to complex shapes. Past work in the development of a combination beam-shell modeling approach to simulate the forming of NCF composites has been demonstrated to capture the change in the orientations of the yarns during a forming process. The structural performance of these manufactured blades is often analyzed using finite element simulations that consider the material properties of the fibers and of the resin based on the rule of mixtures and orthotropic shells where the model is sectioned into zones that account for changes in the material properties due to variations in the orientations of the lamina and number of layers. With the availability of the beam-shell model, the use of zones can be removed if the individual contributions of the yarns (beam elements) and resin (shell elements) can be characterized and the orientations of the yarns resulting from a forming simulation can be used to account for the variations in the material properties of the composite throughout the blade. This research uses a combination of static flexure tests and impact modal tests to ascertain the material properties of the fibers and resin in a unidirectional and biaxial non-crimp fabric laminate plates. The material properties are used in a finite element model of the plate and the model is analyzed in flexure and in a free-free modal configuration to compare to experimental results. Two different approaches are used in the commercially available software Abaqus to model the plate. One approach uses a combination of beam and shell elements to represent the fibers and the resin, respectively. The other approach uses orthotropic shell elements to capture the unbalanced behavior of the fiber/resin composite. The beam/shell modeling approach better represents the overall behavior of a single-layer plate and can be extended to consider multiple plies.

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Fedorova, R. G., G. I. Kudryavtsev, Z. G. Oprits, O. V. Troitskaya, O. A. Nikitina, A. I. Smirnova y I. F. Khudoshev. "Composite yarns from polyacrylonitrile ? aromatic polyamido acid mixtures". Fibre Chemistry 20, n.º 2 (1988): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00549236.

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Eksen, Melis Meldem. "Production and characterization of basalt fiber/pet composites". Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics 6, n.º 3 (31 de agosto de 2023): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2023.03264267.

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The use of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite materials is increasing day by day due to their high strength and recyclability. In addition to these superior advantages, high melt viscosity is among the disadvantages of these materials because it makes reinforcement absorption difficult. This problem can be solved by using hybrid yarns in which reinforcement and thermoplastic fibers are homogeneously mixed for the production of thermoplastic composites. This study, it was aimed to prepare basalt fiber/PET hybrid yarns containing basalt fiber in different volume ratios by air-jet mixing method and to prepare thermoplastic composite materials by pressing from fabrics woven from hybrid yarns. By determining the mechanical properties of basalt fiber/PET thermoplastic composites prepared to contain basalt fiber in different proportions by volume, the effects of basalt fiber amount in hybrid yarn blends on the mechanical properties of the composite material were examined and the most appropriate basalt fiber amount was determined.

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Samouh, Zineb, Omar Cherkaoui, Damien Soulat, Ahmad Rashed Labanieh, François Boussu y Reddad El moznine. "Identification of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Moroccan Sisal Yarns Used as Reinforcements for Composite Materials". Fibers 9, n.º 2 (5 de febrero de 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib9020013.

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This work aims to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of sisal fiber and yarn of Moroccan origin. The cellulosic and non-cellulosic constituents of the Moroccan sisal fiber were identified by FTIR spectroscopy. The thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The hydrophilicity of the fiber was evaluated by the contact angle. The results show that the sisal fiber has a low thermal stability. The mechanical properties of the fiber analyzed by the Impregnated Fiber Bundle Test (IFBT) method show that the porosity of the impregnated yarns and the twist angle of the yarns influence the elastic modulus of the sisal fiber. The physical and mechanical properties of the manufactured sisal yarns were also characterized and analyzed. The obtained results reveal an interesting potential to use the Moroccan sisal fiber in development of bio-sourced composite materials.

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Cheng, Xiaoying, Hongshui Zhou, Zhenyu Wu y Xudong Hu. "An investigation into self-sensing property of hat-shaped 3D orthogonal woven composite under bending test". Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 38, n.º 4 (25 de octubre de 2018): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684418808093.

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In this paper, the influence of damage and deformation on the electrical property of carbon fibers in the hat-shaped 3D orthogonal woven fabric-reinforced composite structure is studied. A method of producing parallel sensor arrays was proposed, in which the warp yarns made of carbon fibers were separated by isolated Kevlar fibers as weft yarns and Z-yarns. The sensor array unitized the self-sensing property of carbon fiber and could detect the damage and deformation distribution along the transverse direction of the composite under bending tests. Both the experiments and simulations had been conducted to analyze the mechanical and electrical responses of the carbon fiber array. By comparing the experimental results and simulation data, the method was validated and the influences of damage and deformation distribution on the resistance variation of carbon fibers were revealed.

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27

Wu, Zhenyu, Huang Ding, Zhiping Ying, Yanhong Yuan y Xudong Hu. "Influence of braided fabric on the fracture modes of a composite tube under quasi-static compression". Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 36, n.º 10 (29 de enero de 2017): 766–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684417690927.

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The deformation behavior of single-layer braided fabric and its influence on the fracture modes of composite tubes under quasi-static axial compression were studied. By changing the parameters of the manufacturing process, braided fabrics with varying structures were produced and were further cured into braided composite tubes. Quasi-static compression experiments were conducted on the tubes, and the crush process was recorded on camera to analyze the deformation of the braided fabric. By employing the finite element method, a numerical model of a composite tube at the yarn scale was established to further verify the role of braided fabric in the process. Two fracture modes that depended on the fabric structure were also observed. The tension in the braiding yarns in the bucking section tends to cause them to separate. Braiding structures with larger braiding angles and more interlacing points between yarns provided more resistance to prevent yarns separating from the braided structure and led to a folding fracture mode. In contrast, a splaying fracture mode occurred in braided fabrics with smaller angles.

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28

Xi, Senbiao, Yifeng Zhong, Zheng Shi y Qingshan Yi. "Prediction of Bending, Buckling and Free-Vibration Behaviors of 3D Textile Composite Plates by Using VAM-Based Equivalent Model". Materials 15, n.º 1 (24 de diciembre de 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010134.

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To solve the microstructure-related complexity of a three-dimensional textile composite, a novel equivalent model was established based on the variational asymptotic method. The constitutive modeling of 3D unit cell within the plate was performed to obtain the equivalent stiffness, which can be inputted into the 2D equivalent model (2D-EPM) to perform the bending, free-vibration and buckling analysis. The correctness and effectiveness of the 2D-EPM was validated by comparing with the results from 3D FE model (3D-FEM) under various conditions. The influence of yarn width and spacing on the equivalent stiffness was also discussed. Finally, the effective performances of 3D textile composite plate and 2D plain-woven laminate with the same thickness and yarn content were compared. The results revealed that the bending, buckling and free-vibration behaviors predicted by 2D-EPM were in good agreement with 3D-FEM, and the local field distributions within the unit cell of 3D textile composite plate were well captured. Compared with the 2D plain-woven laminate, the displacement of 3D textile composite plate was relatively larger under the uniform load, which may due to the fact that the through-the-thickness constrains of the former are only dependent on the binder yarns, while the warp yarns and weft yarns of the latter are intertwined closely.

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29

Laqraa, Chaimae, Manuela Ferreira, Ahmad Rashed Labanieh y Damien Soulat. "Elaboration by Wrapping Process and Multiscale Characterisation of Thermoplastic Bio-Composite Based on Hemp/PA11 Constituents". Coatings 11, n.º 7 (26 de junio de 2021): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070770.

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The present work investigates the potential of developing bio-composites based on thermoplastic polymers reinforced with natural fibres by using hybrid yarns. The hybrid yarns were produced by the wrapping technique, in which a multifilament of polyamide 11 (PA11) was wrapped around an untreated low-twisted hemp roving to produce a yarn with sufficient tenacity and stiffness for the next step of weaving. The tensile behaviour of the wrapped yarns was identified both in the dry- and thermo-state. Then, two different fabrics were woven and tested to study the influence of yarn densities and weave diagrams on the tensile and flexural properties. At this fabric scale, properties of fabrics made from hybrid yarns were compared with those of fabrics from a previous study made from 100% hemp roving. Composites made from these fabrics, with stacking of two cross-plies, were produced by thermocompression and characterised regarding mechanical strength.

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30

Stig, Fredrik y Stefan Hallström. "Effects of Crimp and Textile Architecture on the Stiffness and Strength of Composites with 3D Reinforcement". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (25 de febrero de 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8439530.

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The aim of this study is to experimentally determine how the weave architecture and yarn crimp affect the measured tensile stiffness and strength of composites containing 3D textile reinforcement. It is shown that both the stiffness and strength decrease nonlinearly with increasing 3D crimp. The ultimate strength of specimens containing nominally straight yarns and specimens containing crimped yarns can differ more than a factor of 3, and the stress causing onset of damage can be affected even more. Adding nominally straight stuffer yarns into a 3D-woven reinforcement significantly increases the fibre volume fraction, the stiffness, and the strength of the composite. However, since the stuffer yarns are virtually straight and thus stiffer than the warp yarns, they attract the load and reach their strength at relatively lower strain than the warp yarns. The reinforcement architecture varies between the surfaces and the interior of the studied textiles, which has corresponding influence on the local stiffness. The onset of failure is predicted satisfactorily accurate with relatively simple estimations. The ultimate strength is a result of extensive damage progression and thus more dubious to predict.

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31

Bezsmertna, Viktoriia, Oleksandra Mazna, Valerii Kohanyiy, Yurii Vasilenkov, Iryna Bilan, Maryna Shevtsova y Vadym Stavychenko. "Multifunctional polymer-based composite materials with weft-knitted carbon fibrous fillers". MATEC Web of Conferences 304 (2019): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930401012.

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The production technology of reinforcement filler for new multifunctional polymer based composites with weft-knitted structure had been proposed. In such reinforcement filler high-strength carbon fibers (CFs) from PAN precursors (wefts) were laid in a knitted fabric as straight continuous yarns, so in such case these CFs were not twisted by knitting machine to form the loops. Various kinds of chemical and inorganic fibers can be used as base yarn in this case, in particular glass, aramid, carbon fibers from hydrate cellulose and etc. Properties of multifunctional polymer-based composite materials with weft-knitted fillers depend upon fiber composition, relative content of weft and base yarns, scheme filler stacking (1D, 2D and 3D composites). The electrical conductivity of weft-knitted fabrics shows the strong anisotropy along high-strength fibers in comparison with looped rows, depending on the direction of high-strength CFs (weft). Investigation of shielding properties of polymer based composites reinforced by carbon weft-knitted fabrics showed the possibility of using them as shielding materials with the ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation.

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32

Xue, Wen, Jing Lin, Fujun Wang, Qiwei Li y Lu Wang. "Design and mechanical behaviors of sutureless prototype composite nitinol stent-grafts". Textile Research Journal 88, n.º 13 (11 de abril de 2017): 1517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517703603.

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The stent-graft has always been a key device in endovascular treatments. However, most stents are integrated with graft by sutures, which may fracture or untie, leading to implant failure. This study reports a new sutureless composite stent-graft fabricated by braiding technology, which can combine various materials. The proposed sutureless braided stent-graft was constructed by incorporating bare/covered nitinol (NiTi) yarns into a polyethylene terephthalate multifilament at specific distributions. This technique generates a structure with alternately arranged metal and polymeric sections that equip the stent-graft with structural support and flexibility, respectively. The results showed significantly improved biomechanical performance (radial compression, bending and torsion resistance) of the stent-graft with covered NiTi yarns compared to bare NiTi yarns. This research presents important clinical implications in stent-graft manufacture and provides further study with an innovative stent-graft design.

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33

Sawhney, A. P. S., G. F. Ruppenicker, L. B. Kimmel, H. L. Salaun y K. Q. Robert. "New Technique to Produce a Cotton/Polyester Blend Yarn with Improved Strength". Textile Research Journal 58, n.º 10 (octubre de 1988): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805801007.

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This paper describes a newly developed, relatively simple but effective technique of producing a novel pseudo-composite cotton-rich staple blend yarn with improved tensile properties. The spacing between cotton and polyester rovings drafted simultaneously on a ring-spinning frame affects yarn structure, resulting in significantly stronger yarns than those produced by drafting the same two rovings together. The new composite or combination yarns may be useful in developing relatively stronger cotton-rich materials suitable for a variety of finishes and end uses.

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34

Shayestehfar, Shima, Mohammad Esmail Yazdanshenas, Ramin Khajavi y Abo-Saeed Rashidi. "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Nylon 6/ Titanium Dioxide Micro and Nano-Composite Multifilament Yarns". Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 9, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2014): 155892501400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501400900319.

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In this study, the effect of titanium dioxide particles (TiO2 micro and nano) on the physical and mechanical properties of Nylon 6–based multifilament yarns was investigated. For this reason, master-batches of Nylon 6/TiO2 micro and nano-particles were prepared by melt compounding before spinning and then multifilament composites incorporating 0.03, 0.33, 0.5 and 0.7% TiO2 micro and nano-particles were successfully spun in a melt-spinning machine. Characterization of these composite multifilament yarns was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Characterization of mechanical strength properties including tenacity and elongation at break of the resultant composites are discussed as a function of filler loading. Through the application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was found that incorporating micro titanium dioxide caused severe aggregation at the nylon fiber surface. By contrast, the diffusion of nano-particles within bulk of multifilament yarns was much more consistent, although aggregation of the titanium dioxide nano-particles still appeared. The results manifested the improvement of mechanical properties of the nano-composites containing TiO2 nano-particles.

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35

Yang, Rui-Hua, Wei-Mian Wu, Hong-Bo Wang, Yu-Qin Wan, Chun-Ping Xie y Wei-Dong Gao. "Effects of Solospun Roller on Properties of Cotton/Polyester Solo-Sirofil Composite Yarn". Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700313.

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The surface characteristics of a solospun roller are important to the properties of solo-sirofil yarns. In this research, a three-level, three-factor, orthogonal experimental design (33) was used to investigate the effect of a solospun roller diameter, groove width and groove depth on the hairiness of cotton/polyester composite yarn. Solo-sirofil yarns with different solospun rollers were produced, and the hairiness was tested. It was shown that the hairiness of the solo-sirofil composite yarn was reduced by 44% compared to that of the sirofil. The structure of the solo-sirofil was improved when the thickness of the groove is 0.2 mm, with an alternating depth of 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm, a width of 0.5 mm and a roller diameter of 13 mm.

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36

Fazzi, Eloisa, Giulia Misseri, Luisa Rovero y Gianfranco Stipo. "Finite Difference Model for the Bond Behaviour of Polyparaphenylene Benzobisoxazole (PBO) Fibre-Reinforced Composite System for Retrofitting Masonry". Key Engineering Materials 916 (7 de abril de 2022): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-6848f4.

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This study addresses a numerical investigation of the bond behaviour exhibited by an FRCM system when subject to tensile and single direct shear tests. A reinforcement system, based on a polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) bi-directional fibre mesh and a mixed cement-pozzolanic mortar is selected. The system is characterized by the presence of coated glass-fibre yarns and dry polypropylene yarns alternated to the PBO yarns in the warp and weft directions, respectively. The mechanical characterization of composite constituent materials is carried out together with tensile and direct shear tests. Concerning mechanical interpretation of the tests, within a mode II fracture mechanics, and assuming a trilinear cohesive material law (CML), the stress transfer law between the fibre and the matrix is back calibrated from single direct shear test results. The CML obtained is employed into a finite-difference model developed for the purpose. Tensile tests are modelled providing adequate boundary conditions. Results satisfactorily agree with the tested behaviour of the FRCM system.

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37

Yan, Tao, Zhe Wang, Yi-Qi Wang y Zhi-Juan Pan. "Carbon/graphene composite nanofiber yarns for highly sensitive strain sensors". Materials & Design 143 (abril de 2018): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.02.006.

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38

Qian, Fei, Lei Zhao, Li Wei, Shengzhong Zhang, Guixiang Yao y Yuankun Liu. "Fitness analysis of experimental results and finite element simulation results about bullet velocity based on ABAQUS simulation for impact of three dimensional woven reinforced composite". Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 17 (enero de 2022): 155892502211349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250221134933.

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Four layers of glass fiber filaments with the fineness of 2400 tex were used as warp yarns, five layers of glass filaments with the fineness of 600 tex were used as weft yarns 110 tex and aramid fibers were used as Z yarns to process a three-dimensional woven reinforcement. Then, 307-3 unsaturated polyester resin was used as the matrix, and the three-dimensional woven reinforced composite was prepared by the VARTM method (resin transfer molding method). The bullet impact composite was modeled by ABAQUS (Finite element software). The starting conditions of the bullet incidence and the actual conditions were set consistently to analyze the change of the remaining velocity and acceleration of the bullet and the worth energy loss after the bullet impact. The results showed that the theoretical and experimental values of bullet incidence velocity and residual bullet velocity were linearly related. When the impact velocity of bullet incidence was higher, the slope of the straight line of the initial phase of bullet velocity decrease was larger, and the peak of the absolute value of acceleration after bullet impact was larger. The calculated value of energy loss after bullet impact simulation is basically consistent with the experimental value, This also fully proved that the bullet impact composite material model established was correct and effective.

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39

Tsebrenko, M. V. "Preparation of reinforced composite yarns based on polymer mixtures". Fibre Chemistry 16, n.º 3 (1985): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00545316.

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40

Li, Yuanyuan, Wei Zhang, Rotich K. Gideon, Bohong Gu y Baozhong Sun. "Finite element analyses on punch shear behaviors of three-dimensional braided composites at microstructure level". International Journal of Damage Mechanics 26, n.º 7 (16 de marzo de 2016): 968–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789516639744.

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The punch shear properties of three-dimensional carbon/epoxy braided composites were studied at quasi-static and high strain rates with finite element method at microstructure level. A microstructure model was developed to analyze the stress distribution and progressive damage of the braided composite panel with different thickness. The braiding yarns were considered as an elastic and transversely isotropic material. Ductile and shear criterion were used in finite element model to obtain the damage evolution. It was found that the braided composite exhibited high strain rate sensitivity under punch shear loading. The thickness influences the punch shear strength significantly. The braiding yarns at surface and corner parts have tensile and pullout failure modes, while at inner part have shear damage mode.

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41

Liu, Jing Xue y Jia Lu Li. "The Effects of Fiber Volume Fraction on the Vibration Damping Characteristics of Three-Layer-Connected Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composite Materials". Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (diciembre de 2012): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.49.

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The paper presents an analysis of the vibration damping properties of three-layer-connected biaxial weft knitted fabric (TBWK), which are constituted of carbon fibers as inserted yarns and polyester yarns as knitted yarns impregnated in an epoxy matrix with resin transfer molding (RTM) technique. Damping parameters were investigated using beam test specimens and an impulse technique. Several vibration parameters were varied to characterize the damping behavior in different amplitudes, natural frequencies and vibration modes. The results obtained show that the damping ratio of TBWK composites decreases with the increasing of fiber volume fraction in all the three vibration modes. The vibration test also indicates that the natural frequency of the TBWK composites increases with the increasing of fiber volume fraction (Vf) in all the three modes.

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42

Boisse, P., N. Hamila, F. Helenon, Y. Aimene y T. Mabrouki. "Draping of Textile Composite Reinforcements: Continuous and Discrete Approaches". Advanced Composites Letters 16, n.º 4 (julio de 2007): 096369350701600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350701600401.

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The textile reinforcements used for composites are multiscale materials. A fabric is made of woven yarns themselves composed of thousand of juxtaposed fibres. For the simulation of the draping of these textile reinforcements several families of approaches can be distinguished in function of the level of the modelling. The continuous approaches consider the fabric as a continuum with a specific behaviour. The discrete approaches use models of some components such as the yarns and sometimes the fibres. Different approaches used for the simulation of woven reinforcement forming are investigated in the present paper. Among them, an approach based on semi discrete finite elements made of woven unit cells under biaxial tension and in-plane shear is detailed. The advantage and inconvenient of the different approaches are compared.

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43

Zhu, Chao, Ping Zhu, Zhao Liu y Wei Tao. "Numerical investigation of fiber random distribution on the mechanical properties of yarn in-plain woven carbon fiber-reinforced composite based on a new perturbation algorithm". Journal of Composite Materials 52, n.º 6 (20 de junio de 2017): 755–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317714856.

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Interior fibers in yarns of plain woven carbon fiber-reinforced composite are distributed randomly, which further influences the mechanical properties of yarns. To explore the stochastic nature of fibers’ distribution in yarn and its effect on the properties of yarn, this study proposes a new perturbation algorithm named Sequential Random Perturbation algorithm to reconstruct the microstructure of randomly distributed fibers, based on which representative volume element micromechanical models consisting of three phases to accurately predict the mechanical properties of yarn are established. The algorithm is based on successive smart perturbations of fibers to gain microstructures of arbitrary volume fraction, and statistical study shows that the algorithm is in good agreement with experimental results. Finally, representative volume element models are simulated to predict the whole mechanical properties of composite yarns to reflect the failure mechanisms and microstructure–property relations. The randomness of fiber distribution has some degree of influence on mechanical properties of yarn, especially strength responses. The failures under axial tension and compression are dominated by fiber breakage, while under transverse and shear loading conditions, the failures are mostly decided by interface debonding and matrix damage.

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44

Jhang, Jia-Ci, Bing-Chiuan Shiu, Ting Ru Lin, Jia-Horng Lin y Ching-Wen Lou. "Manufacturing techniques and property evaluations of stainless steel composite fabrics". Journal of Industrial Textiles 50, n.º 5 (23 de abril de 2019): 740–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083719838051.

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In this study, functional woven and knitted fabrics consist of stainless steel (SS) composite yarns. SS fibers (0.06 mm) and 500 D polyester (PET) filaments are used as the core with 70 D bamboo charcoal (BC) nylon fibers that are being used as the sheath in order to form the functional SS composite yarns. The test results show that the double-layered knitted fabrics have the optimal far infrared (FIR) emissivity of 0.85 ε, while the five-layered composite woven fabrics at 90° lamination angle have the optimal electromagnetic shielding efficacy between −50 dB and −60 dB. It is anticipated that the functional fabrics can be used in protective cloth and safety appliance.

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45

Barbagallo, Gabriele, Angela Madeo, Ismael Azehaf, Ivan Giorgio, Fabrice Morestin y Philippe Boisse. "Bias extension test on an unbalanced woven composite reinforcement: Experiments and modeling via a second-gradient continuum approach". Journal of Composite Materials 51, n.º 2 (28 de julio de 2016): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316643577.

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The classical continuum models used for the woven fabrics do not fully describe the whole set of phenomena that occur during the testing of those materials. This incompleteness is partially due to the absence of energy terms related to some microstructural properties of the fabric and, in particular, to the bending stiffness of the yarns. To account for the most fundamental microstructure-related deformation mechanisms occurring in unbalanced interlocks, a second-gradient, hyperelastic, initially orthotropic continuum model is proposed. A constitutive expression for the strain energy density is introduced to account for (a) in-plane shear deformations, (b) highly different bending stiffnesses in the warp and weft directions, and (c) fictive elongations in the warp and weft directions which eventually describe the relative sliding of the yarns. Numerical simulations which are able to reproduce the experimental behavior of unbalanced carbon interlocks subjected to a bias extension test are presented. In particular, the proposed model captures the macroscopic asymmetric S-shaped deformation of the specimen, as well as the main features of the associated deformation patterns of the yarns at the mesoscopic scale.

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46

Ndoumou, Rémy Legrand, Damien Soulat, Ahmad Rashed Labanieh, Manuela Ferreira, Lucien Meva’a y Jean Atangana Ateba. "Manufacture and Characterization of Cola Lépidota Reinforcements for Composite Applications". Journal of Composites Science 7, n.º 2 (6 de febrero de 2023): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7020065.

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This study represents the first works on the manufacture of reinforcements for composite applications such as yarns and fabrics using a tropical fiber extracted from the bast of the Cola Lepidota (CL) plant. Different types of products were produced, including twisted and untwisted yarns and woven and quasi-unidirectional fabrics to manufacture composite samples. At each scale, experimental characterizations of textile and mechanical properties were carried out; these properties are compared to those given in the literature concerning natural fiber materials. The results show that the tenacity of twisted and untwisted CL yarns is higher than that of similar products based on flax fibers, which is an important result for the weaveability of these rovings. At the fabric scale, the quasi-unidirectional architecture reduces waviness and shows promising tensile properties compared to woven fabrics. On the scale of composites, these developments made it possible to achieve properties in tensile comparable, particularly in stiffness, to those achieved by composites based on natural fibers. The objectives of this paper are to highlight the advantages and drawbacks of different types of reinforcements, and to present the first characterization of the properties of products based on CL fibers.

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47

Yang, Jianxia, Yitong Guo, Lan Yao, Qingqing Ni y Yiping Qiu. "Effects of Kevlar volume fraction and fabric structures on the mechanical properties of 3D orthogonal woven ramie/Kevlar reinforced poly (lactic acid) composites". Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, n.º 8 (11 de julio de 2017): 2074–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717720204.

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The proposed 3D orthogonal woven ramie/Kevlar reinforced poly (lactic acid) composite in this paper is a new type composite in which the 3D orthogonal structure has great advantages of high impact and delamination resistance due to the Z yarns and the hybridization of natural and manmade fibers provides not only partial environment friendly benefit but also efficient compensation for the relatively low mechanical properties from pure natural fibers. Eight types of the aforementioned composites were designed and fabricated. The results showed that as the volume fraction of Kevlar was increased, the tensile properties showed increasing trends, while the flexural properties were predominantly dependent on the fabric structures, especially, the weft yarns properties in the first and second layers from the upper and bottom surfaces. Furthermore, the impact strength was enhanced as the volume fraction of Kevlar increased to 5.5% and leveled off when Kevlar yarns continuously increased.

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48

Regnier, Julie, Christine Campagne, Éric Devaux y Aurélie Cayla. "Development of Filled Immiscible Polymers Blend Monofilaments for Water Detection in Composite". Solid State Phenomena 333 (10 de junio de 2022): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-4yh0o5.

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In order to avoid environmental pollution by effluents, the incorporation of electrical conductive yarns in a waterproof membrane allows detecting a leak or crack on industrial concrete structure. The membrane is made of composite materials: a glass textile structure equipped with the detector yarns and molded in an epoxy resin. The liquid’s detection and the data’s transmission depend on the yarn’s conductivity variation and its chemical and physical properties. This study aims to develop a water detector monofilament from conductive polymer composites (CPC): an immiscible polymers blend (polyamide 6.6/elastomer) filled with carbon nanotubes (CNT). The addition of elastomer in the CPC yarn is important to withstand the mechanical deformation of the resin structure without breaking. The morphology of the immiscible polymers blend and the localization of the CNT influence the electrical conductivity of the yarn and thus, its property of water detection. Two principles of water detection are investigated with this blend: the short circuit and the absorption. For the short circuit, the presence of liquid is detected when the liquid creates a conductive path between two yarns in parallel. While, the absorption principle is based on the conductivity variation with the yarn’s swelling in contact with water.

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49

Yang, Yuchen, Yajie Zhao, Zhenzhen Quan, Hongnan Zhang, Xiaohong Qin, Rongwu Wang y Jianyong Yu. "An efficient hybrid strategy for composite yarns of micro-/nano-fibers". Materials & Design 184 (diciembre de 2019): 108196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108196.

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50

Bhudolia, Somen K., Goram Gohel, Durga Vasudevan, Kah Fai Leong y Pierre Gerard. "On the Mode I and Mode II Delamination Characteristics and Surface Morphological Aspects of Composites with Carbon-Thermoplastic Hybrid Fabrics and Innovative Liquid Thermoplastic Resin". Polymers 14, n.º 19 (4 de octubre de 2022): 4155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194155.

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In the current research, the delamination behavior under Mode I and Mode II loading for the hybrid carbon-thermoplastic fabrics in conjunction with novel liquid thermoplastic acrylic Elium® resin processable at ambient conditions was studied. The experimentation by incorporating doublers methodology, studying the performance under Mode I and Mode II loading, and understanding failure mechanisms using surface morphological fractography is deliberated. Hybrid Carbon-Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPP)/Elium® composite has shown a 22.81% higher GIC and a 22.2% higher GIIC than Carbon-UHMWPP/Epoxy composite. On the contrary, the Carbon_Ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene (UHMWPE)/Elium® has shown an 11.11% higher Mode I critical energy release rate (GIC) and a 7.58% higher Mode II critical energy release rate (GIIC) than Carbon_UHMWPE/Epoxy composite. Hybrid fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites have shown severe plastic deformation of the matrix, rough fracture surface, and micro-cracks on the de-bonding surface, extensive fiber bridging, and crack branching which contributed to the improvement in the delamination behavior. Hybrid fiber architecture is also found to be detrimental by inducing crack arresting mechanisms including the tortuous crack path and the resin-rich pockets path due to the mismatch of the size of the fiber yarns.

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