Tesis: "Execution processes"

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D'ANTONIO, GIANLUCA. "Manufacturing Execution Systems for lean, adaptive production processes". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2641291.

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In order to deal with global competition, industries have undertaken many efforts directed to improve manufacturing efficiency. From a broad perspective, the adopted approaches could be classified in two categories: 1. the simplification of manufacturing processes and relative control systems, leading to lean manufacturing methododologies and techniques; 2. the massive deployment of information tools and computational algorithms, aiming to plan and control all the activities in detail, in spite of system complexity. For several years, these two approaches have been assumed to be mutually exclusive; nevertheless, information collection and analysis are mandatory to define improvement strategies and assess their impact; therefore, the deployment of lean manufacturing methodologies cannot exclude the integration of Information Technology (IT) tools. The aim of this work is to investigate on methodologies and techniques adoptable to improve the efficacy of Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES), a class of software that allows data exchange between the shop-floor and the organizational levels, enabling the implementation of the lean manufacturing approach. Today, the feedback information in the available MES mainly consists in key performance indicators, such as cycle time, work in process and resources utilization. Beside this, MES requires the integration of functionalities for process monitoring and control, aiming at the reduction of wastes and supporting continuous improvement. Hence, mathematical techniques able to analyze data in real-time and provide useful information to adaptively control the process are studied in this work. To provide the evidence of the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach, as well as the independence from any specific manufacturing technology, different case studies, both in the fields of subtractive and additive manufacturing, have been developed. In the former, a technique for the automatic alignment of a spur gear has been studied: geometrical measurements are acquired and analyzed in real-time to provide the values for two feasible part rotations resulting in the gear configuration with minimum positioning error. Such gears are manufactured for applications in aeronautics, and the deployment of this automation system is particularly significant because of the tight tolerances to be satisfied. The latter case study deals with a Fused Deposition Modeling process: an algorithm able to monitor part surface accuracy and identify defects has been developed. This methodology allows to evaluate in real-time whether the quality of the part is satisfactory or not; in case of negative response, the process can be stopped avoiding material loss. The implemented techniques enable product quality improvement, as well as the reduction of wasted material and time. Nevertheless, the deployment of such information only for process control purposes is restrictive; a framework to use this knowledge for supporting the design and the continuous improvement of a product or a process is presented. Furthermore, two case studies have been dealt to extend the application of MES tools from manufacturing operations to ancillary services. The first one is in the field of automated warehouses: a combined approach made of mathematical models and simulations has been developed. Analytical tools have been defined to evaluate the average performance of a system in simple, pre-determined situations; conversely, the simulation tool aims at a higher detail level of assessment, since in the real shop-floor deployment, different, composite storage and retrieval activities can take place. In the second case-study, mathematical models and simulation are used to support the re-design of a manufacturing process; the focus is on the transport of items through the line, performed by automated vehicles. The mathematical model has been developed to identify the optimal layout of the workstations; simulations are used to evaluate the tasks to be performed by the automated vehicles and the resulting performance. In both the applications, the deployment of simulation tools allows to evaluate complex or even unexpected scenarios by predicting the behavior of a system, preventing criticalities, and evaluating the impact of a change in the process. The management criteria can be adapted according to the features of the real situation to be faced; this leads to better exploit the available resources, to improve productivity and identify waste sources, consistently with the lean paradigm.

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2

Drabble, Brian. "Intelligent execution monitoring and error analysis in planning involving processes". Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10638/.

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An intelligent agent, operating in an external world which cannot be fully described in its internal world model, must be able to monitor the success of a previously generated plan and to respond to any errors which may have occurred. The process of error analysis requires the ability to reason in an expert fashion about time and about processes occurring in the world. Reasoning about time is needed to deal with causality. Reasoning about processes is needed since the direct effects of a plan action can be completely specified when the plan is generated, but the indirect effects cannot. For example, the action `open tap' leads with certainty to `tap open', whereas whether there will be a fluid flow and how long it might last is more difficult to predict. The majority of existing planning systems cannot handle these kinds of reasoning, thus limiting their usefulness. This thesis argues that both kinds of reasoning require a complex internal representation of the world. The use of Qualitative Process Theory and an interval-based representation of time are proposed as a representation scheme for such a world model. The planning system which was constructed has been tested on a set of realistic planning scenarios. It is shown that even simple planning problems, such as making a cup of coffee, require extensive reasoning if they are to be carried out successfully. The final Chapter concludes that the planning system described does allow the correct solution of planning problems involving complex side effects, which planners up to now have been unable to solve.

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3

Ling, Malin. "Execution Time Measurements of Processes on the OSE Real-Time Operating System". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9980.

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Ett ramverk för kontraktbaserad schemaläggning av dynamisk resursfördelning i realtidsoperativsystem ska rapporteras till operativsystemet OSE. Ramverket, som utvecklats i ett EU-forskningsprojekt, kräver uppmätt process exekveringstid för att fatta riktiga schemaläggningsbeslut. Sådana mätningar görs för närvarande inte i ENEAs RTOS OSE och examensarbetets syfte har därför varit att undersöka möjligheterna att implementera en sådan funktion. Alternativ har hittats och utvärderats, slutligen har ett valts för implementation. Funktionalilteten har verifierats och slutlilgen har prestanda utvärderats hos den implementerade mätningsmetoden.

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4

Asakura, Koichi, Toyohide Watanabe y Noboru Sugie. "An execution order control method of distributed processes for sharing global variables". IEEE, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6927.

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5

Hu, Lingyue. "Design Research Planning and Execution:A comparison between undergraduate design students’ and design research practitioners’ processes of design research planning and execution". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408659542.

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6

Adams, Danielle. "Exploring the attentional processes of expert performers and the impact of priming on motor skill execution". Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5082.

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It is widely acknowledged that under situations of heightened pressure, many expert athletes suffer from performance decrements. This phenomenon has been termed ‘choking under pressure’ and has been the subject of extensive research in sport psychology. Despite this attention, gaps in the literature remain leaving opportunities for further advancements in knowledge about the phenomenon, particularly in relation to its underlying processes and the development of appropriate interventions that can be adopted in order to alleviate, or even prevent choking. The present programme of research, in general terms, aimed to develop and test the efficacy of an intervention tool, based on priming, to alleviate choking under pressure. It was acknowledged that such a tool should be matched to the mechanisms that underlie the choking process and although an abundance of research has provided valuable information about these mechanisms, it was identified that there still remains a lack of consensus regarding the most appropriate explanatory theory. Therefore the initial study in this thesis aimed to provide further insight into the processes that govern choking by examining accounts from elite international swimmers of their experiences of performing under high levels of pressure. The results provided further support for the postulation that choking under pressure occurs as a result of a combination of conscious processing hypothesis (Masters, 1992) and processing efficiency theory (Eysenck & Calvo, 1992) and that an optimum level of skill-focused attention is beneficial to performance. The following studies utilised this information as well as that of the existent theories of choking, to develop and examine an effective priming based intervention tool (a scrambled sentence task). Specifically, Studies 2, 3 and 4 examined the amount of residual working memory available after activation of the prime, the optimisation of the priming task and the efficacy of the tool in promoting performance under high pressure respectively. Results revealed support for the efficacy of the tool in reducing online skill-focused attention and promoting performance under both low- and high-pressure conditions. Finally, the general themes that emerged throughout the whole programme of study are discussed, as well as the limitations and recommendations for future research. Implications for coaches, athletes and practitioners are also presented.

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7

Ghannadian, Farzad. "The structure of the solution space and its relation to execution time of evolutionary algorithms with applications". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15687.

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8

Cheng, Darian T. "An examination of underlying motor planning and execution processes that are reflected in variations in cortical components during target encoding and execution of goal directed reaching movements". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62962.

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In this thesis the neural correlates associated with reaches under varying conditions of visual feedback, delay and movement difficulty were examined. The events of interest, wherein these correlates are observed were: 1) the encoding of a target (P3); and 2) the execution of a reaching movement towards the target (motor MP & N4). In study 1, the neural correlates associated with variations in task difficulty and target visible vs. target occluded were examined. The results of target encoding showed that P3 was greater when observed prior to reaches without than with vision of the target. Results of MP and N4 both varied based on task difficulty, as reaches to the far target yielded larger amplitudes than reaches to the close target. In study 2, the effects of visual feedback, delay condition, and presentation schedules (i.e., blocked vs. randomized) on target encoding and movement related cortical potentials was examined. For target encoding, component P3 failed to yield any significant differences across all vision, delay and presentation schedules. As for the movement related potentials, significant effects of delay were observed for component MP in the randomized protocol (i.e., larger MP in the long vs. the short delay), but not the blocked protocol. The analysis of N4 for the randomized protocol yielded a main effect of vision, as reaches with vision of the target attained greater negative amplitudes as compared with reaches without vision of the target. In the blocked protocol the analyses of N4 yielded a main effect of delay period as movements following long delay periods resulted in larger negative amplitudes. In study 3, the effects of real-time vision of the hand and target during a reaching movement on target encoding and movement execution were investigated. The findings revealed that the P3 component was modulated by the visibility of target. For the movement related cortical potentials, larger amplitudes for N4 were yielded for reaches without vision of the hand vs. reaches with vision of the hand. The three studies taken together provide insight into the neural events associated with goal-directed manual aiming under various reaching conditions.
Education, Faculty of
Kinesiology, School of
Graduate

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9

Caw, Joseph E. "The interfacing of simulation software with a programmable logic controller using two simulation models". Ohio : Ohio University, 1999. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175889389.

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10

Kafile, Masithembe. "Effects of procurement processes on project execution in a project management company in Cape Town, South Africa". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2706.

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Thesis (MTech (Project Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
The purpose of this study was to unearth the challenges that occur in procurement processes and the effects these challenges have on project execution. Project procurement management is the production of associations with outside merchants and providers for merchandise and enterprises expected to finish a task. This process encompasses five stages: initiating and planning, selecting, contract writing, monitoring, and lastly, closing the deal. To clearly illustrate the magnitude of challenges faced in procurement processes, a project management company in Cape Town, South Africa, has been chosen as the subject of study. This study identified that procurement challenges were rooted in the company’s method of execution which comprises supplier-related issues, strategy selection issues, cost reduction and savings achievement factors, data accuracy issues and stakeholder management concerns. The aforementioned challenges resonate with various theoretical connotations by authorities who maintained that challenges in procurement could be narrowed to four areas: cost reduction, ‘going digital’, risk mitigation and supplier relationships. This study adopted a mixed research methodology incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research techniques and relied on field research conducted both through a survey of administered questionnaires as well as structured interviews. The information gathered in field research has been used to augment and corroborate theoretical information existing in literature and to proffer solutions through pragmatic recommendations for improving procurement processes with the intent of enhancing project execution efficacy and effectiveness. This study further aimed to add input to the existing body of knowledge concerning the effects of procurement processes on project execution in project management and also to contribute to the existing literature in procurement management.

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11

Olduz, Mehmet. "A Service Oriented Collaborative Supply Chain Planning Process Definition And Execution Platform". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610022/index.pdf.

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Currently, there are many software applications handling planning, scheduling, material management, invoicing, workflow management within an organization. However, companies need to plan across a wider span of activities and need to collaborate with their partners to optimize the '
'
overall'
'
profitability. This requires collaborative planning within a supply chain and exchange of planning data. Collaborative Planning, Forecast and Replenishment (CPFR) is one of the most prominent initiatives on Collaborative Planning. However, CPFR only provides guidelines, but does not mandate any technology for the definition and execution of planning process. Therefore, companies have difficulties to define and deploy CPFR solutions and there is a need for a Service Oriented, Open Platform for the definition and execution of collaborative planning processes involving many supply chain tiers. In this work, first of all, the building blocks of the planning process have been defined as machine processable definitions in OASIS ebXML Business Specification Language (ebBP). CPFR Designer Tool developed provides the users to visually create CPFR Processes in ebBP and to convert this ebBP process definition automatically to an executable business process using OASIS Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL). In this way, the supply chain enterprises are able to create customized CPFR processes which are in integration with the underlying intra-enterprise planning processes. Moreover, in the thesis, a CPFR Process Execution Environment is prepared where the generated CPFR Process can be executed. The work presented in this thesis is realized as a part of IST-213031 iSURF project funded by European Commission under ICT FP7.

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12

Jansson, Magnus y Kristian Knutsson. "Förändringar av arbetssätt vid implementering av BIM : En kvalitativ studie av två traditionella projekteringars arbetssätt och tid- och resursplanering samt vilka förändringar som är nödvändiga vid implementering av BIM". Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101675.

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I en rapport från 2005 framtagen av FoU-Väst i samverkan med Centrum för management i byggsektorn (CMB) konstateras att en betydande del av allt slöseri i byggsektorn är kopplat till fel och konsekvenserna av dessa, med andra ord felkostnader. Studien visar att felkostnader står för cirka 10 % av ett projekts produktionskostnad. Byggsektorn står nu, år 2012, inför förändringar i sitt arbetssätt för att minska antalet fel, öka kvaliteten och effektiviteten. BIM – Building Information Modeling, möjliggör ett smartare sätt att skapa, använda och förvalta information genom hela bygg- och förvaltningsprocessen. BIM ger möjligheten att anpassa informationen i varje delprocess och därigenom effektivisera arbetet. Det nya arbetssättet innebär ett livscykeltänk där information används på ett systematiskt och kvalitetssäkrat sätt i en objektbaserad 3D-modell. Studiens syfte är att fastställa vilka arbetssätt som behöver förändras för att implementera BIM i ett av Skanskas distrikt i regionen Hus Stockholm Ombyggnad samt fastställa vilka kostnadsbesparingar beställare gör tack vare implementeringen. BIM består av mer än en datamodell. För att uppnå de nyttor BIM kan ge krävs förändrade processer och gemensamma begreppsmodeller. Processerna, organisationen och modelleringen av produkten måste planeras noggrant. Detta medför att mer resurser läggs i ett tidigt skede i projekteringen vilket krävs för att kravspecifikationen ska uppfyllas i ett BIM-projekt. Flera respondenter i studien ger uttryck för att fler och/eller utförligare informationsleveranser i systemskedet skulle höja kvaliteten på bygghandlingarna. Studien konstaterar att BIM-projektering kräver ett nära och öppet samarbete mellan, de för BIM-användingen aktuella aktörerna.
In a 2005 report written by FoU-Väst in collaboration with Centrum för management i byggsektorn (CMB) it is determined that a significant proportion of wastage in the construction sector is linked to defects and their impact, in other words costs of errors. The study shows that these costs are accounting for about 10 % of a project´s production costs. Construction sector now, in 2012, face changes in their ways of working to reduce errors, increase quality and efficiency. BIM - Building Information Modeling, provides a smarter way to create, use and manage information throughout the construction and management process. BIM provides the ability to customize the information in each sub- process and thereby improve efficiency. The new ways of working involves a life- cycle thinking in which information is used in a systematic and quality assured manner in an object-based 3D model. The study aims to determine the ways of working that needs to change to implement BIM in one of Skanska's district in the region Stockholm Hus Ombyggnad and identify cost savings clients make through the implementation. BIM consists of more than one data model. To achieve the benefits that BIM can provide, changes in processes and common conceptual models are required. Processes, the organization and modeling of the product must be carefully planned. This means that more resources are added in the early stages of the design process which is necessary to meet the specification of requirements in a BIM project. A number of respondents in the study reflect on the fact that additional and / or more detailed information deliveries during the schematic design phase would increase the quality of construction documents. The study finds that a BIM design process require near and open cooperation between the, to the BIM-use relevant participants.

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13

Raza, Umar. "A service orientated architecture and wireless sensor network approach applied to the measurement and visualisation of a micro injection moulding process : design, development and testing of an ESB based micro injection moulding platform using Google Gadgets and business processes for the integration of disparate hardware systems on the factory shop floor". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13362.

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Factory shop floors of the future will see a significant increase in interconnected devices for monitoring and control. However, if a Service Orientated Architecture (SOA) is implemented on all such devices then this will result in a large number of permutations of services and composite services. These services combined with other business level components can pose a huge challenge to manage as it is often difficult to keep an overview of all the devices, equipment and services. This thesis proposes an SOA based novel assimilation architecture for integrating disparate industrial hardware based processes and business processes of an enterprise in particular the plastics machinery environment. The key benefits of the proposed architecture are the reduction of complexity when integrating disparate hardware platforms; managing the associated services as well as allowing the Micro Injection Moulding (µIM) process to be monitored on the web through service and data integration. An Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) based middleware layer integrates the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based environmental and simulated machine process systems with frontend Google Gadgets (GGs) based web visualisation applications. A business process framework is proposed to manage and orchestrate the resulting services from the architecture. Results from the analysis of the WSN kits in terms of their usability and reliability showed that the Jennic WSN was easy to setup and had a reliable communication link in the polymer industrial environment with the PER being below 0.5%. The prototype Jennic WSN based µIM process monitoring system had limitations when monitoring high-resolution machine data, therefore a novel hybrid integration architecture was proposed. The assimilation architecture was implemented on a distributed server based test bed. Results from test scenarios showed that the architecture was highly scalable and could potentially allow a large number of disparate sensor based hardware systems and services to be hosted, managed, visualised and linked to form a cohesive business process.

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14

Khan, Abdullah. "An investigation into improving the functioning of manufacturing executions system at the Impala base metals refinery". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6408.

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15

Erzinger, Gildo. "Identificação e análise de técnicas nos processos de seleção de executivos". Florianópolis, SC, 1999. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/80998.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e analisar os critérios de escolha de executivos e quais as técnicas de seleção que as empresas utilizam para a busca e contratação de seus executivos. Através do presente trabalho de pesquisa foram levantados os métodos que as empresas praticam nos processos de seleção de executivos e de que forma tomam a decisão de escolha final do candidato. E também, avaliar como a empresa vê o executivo de hoje e do futuro. Desta pesquisa participaram dez empresas de médio e grande porte que atuam nos segmentos da indústria, comércio e serviços. O presente trabalho analisa os processos tradicionais de seleção de pessoal e apresenta algumas técnicas mais modernas que são utilizadas para a definição do perfil profissional do executivo. Neste perfil são analisadas e avaliadas questões de personalidade, como também traços de liderança, estilo comportamental, competências e habilidades gerenciais. Também são abordadas características próprias de cada empresa na forma utilizada para escolha de seus executivos, como também é informado o número de profissionais executivos homens e mulheres. Cita-se a experiência de algumas empresas na construção do banco interno de talentos. O objetivo deste programa é desenvolver internamente seus profissionais, com vistas a um plano de sucessão. Ainda são relatados depoimentos das empresas pesquisadas, principalmente naquilo que mais valorizam, nesta difícil tarefa de escolha de seus executivos.

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16

Blanc, Pierre. "Effets de rétroaction en finance : applications à l'exécution optimaleet aux modèles de volatilité". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1110/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous considérons deux types d'application des effets de rétroaction en finance. Ces effets entrent en jeu quand des participants de marché exécutent des séquences de transactions ou prennent part à des réactions en chaîne, ce qui engendre des pics d'activité. La première partie présente un modèle d'exécution optimale dynamique en présence d'un flux stochastique et exogène d'ordres de marché. Nous partons du modèle de référence d'Obizheva et Wang, qui définit un cadre d'exécution optimale avec un impact de prix mixte. Nous y ajoutons un flux d'ordres modélisé à l'aide de processus de Hawkes, qui sont des processus à sauts présentant une propriété d'auto-excitation. A l'aide de la théorie du contrôle stochastique, nous déterminons la stratégie optimale de manière analytique. Puis nous déterminons les conditions d'existence de Stratégies de Manipulation de Prix, telles qu'introduites par Huberman et Stanzl. Ces stratégies peuvent être exclues si l'auto-excitation du flux d'ordres se compense exactement avec la résilience du prix. Dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons une méthode de calibration du modèle, que nous appliquons sur des données financières à haute fréquence issues de cours d'actions du CAC40. Sur ces données, nous trouvons que le modèle explique une partie non-négligeable de la variance des prix. Une évaluation de la stratégie optimale en backtest montre que celle-ci est profitable en moyenne, mais que des coûts de transaction réalistes suffisent à empêcher les manipulations de prix. Ensuite, dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation de la volatilité intra-journalière. Dans la littérature, la plupart des modèles de volatilité rétroactive se concentrent sur l'échelle de temps journalière, c'est-à-dire aux variations de prix d'un jour sur l'autre. L'objectif est ici d'étendre ce type d'approche à des échelles de temps plus courtes. Nous présentons d'abord un modèle de type ARCH ayant la particularité de prendre en compte séparément les contributions des rendements passés intra-journaliers et nocturnes. Une méthode de calibration de ce modèle est étudiée, ainsi qu'une interprétation qualitative des résultats sur des rendements d'actions américaines et européennes. Dans le chapitre suivant, nous réduisons encore l'échelle de temps considérée. Nous étudions un modèle de volatilité à haute fréquence, dont l'idée est de généraliser le cadre des processus Hawkes pour mieux reproduire certaines caractéristiques empiriques des marchés. Notamment, en introduisant des effets de rétroaction quadratiques inspirés du modèle à temps discret QARCH nous obtenons une distribution en loi puissance pour la volatilité ainsi que de l'asymétrie temporelle
In this thesis we study feedback effects in finance and we focus on two of their applications. These effects stem from the fact that traders split meta-orders sequentially, and also from feedback loops. Therefore, one can observe clusters of activity and periods of relative calm. The first part introduces an dynamic optimal execution framework with an exogenous stochastic flow of market orders. Our starting point is the well-known model of Obizheva and Wang which defines an execution framework with both permanent and transient price impacts. We modify the price model by adding an order flow based on Hawkes processes, which are self-exciting jump processes. The theory of stochastic control allows us to derive the optimal strategy as a closed formula. Also, we discuss the existence of Price Manipulations Strategies in the sense of Huberman and Stanzl which can be excluded from the model if the self-exciting property of the order flow exactly compensates the resilience of the price. The next chapter studies a calibration protocol for the model, which we apply to tick-by-tick data from CAC40 stocks. On this dataset, the model is found to explain a significant part of the variance of prices. We then evaluate the optimal strategy with a series of backtests, which show that it is profitable on average, although realistic transaction costs can prevent manipulation strategies. In the second part of the thesis, we turn to intra-day volatility modeling. Previous works from the volatility feedback literature mainly focus on the daily time scale, i.e. on close-to-close returns. Our goal is to use a similar approach on shorter time scales. We first present an ARCH-type model which accounts for the contributions of past intra-day and overnight returns separately. A calibration method for the model is considered, that we use on US and European stocks, and we provide some qualitative insights on the results. The last chapter of the thesis is dedicated to a high-frequency volatility model. We introduce a continuous-time analogue of the QARCH framework, which is also a generalization of Hawkes processes. This new model reproduces several important stylized facts, in particular it generates a time-asymmetric and fat-tailed volatility process

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17

Perais, Arthur. "Increasing the performance of superscalar processors through value prediction". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S070/document.

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Bien que les processeurs actuels possèdent plus de 10 cœurs, de nombreux programmes restent purement séquentiels. Cela peut être dû à l'algorithme que le programme met en œuvre, au programme étant vieux et ayant été écrit durant l'ère des uni-processeurs, ou simplement à des contraintes temporelles, car écrire du code parallèle est notoirement long et difficile. De plus, même pour les programmes parallèles, la performance de la partie séquentielle de ces programmes devient rapidement le facteur limitant l'augmentation de la performance apportée par l'augmentation du nombre de cœurs disponibles, ce qui est exprimé par la loi d'Amdahl. Conséquemment, augmenter la performance séquentielle reste une approche valide même à l'ère des multi-cœurs.Malheureusement, la façon conventionnelle d'améliorer la performance (augmenter la taille de la fenêtre d'instructions) contribue à l'augmentation de la complexité et de la consommation du processeur. Dans ces travaux, nous revisitons une technique visant à améliorer la performance de façon orthogonale : La prédiction de valeurs. Au lieu d'augmenter les capacités du moteur d'exécution, la prédiction de valeurs améliore l'utilisation des ressources existantes en augmentant le parallélisme d'instructions disponible.En particulier, nous nous attaquons aux trois problèmes majeurs empêchant la prédiction de valeurs d'être mise en œuvre dans les processeurs modernes. Premièrement, nous proposons de déplacer la validation des prédictions depuis le moteur d'exécution vers l'étage de retirement des instructions. Deuxièmement, nous proposons un nouveau modèle d'exécution qui exécute certaines instructions dans l'ordre soit avant soit après le moteur d'exécution dans le désordre. Cela réduit la pression exercée sur ledit moteur et permet de réduire ses capacités. De cette manière, le nombre de ports requis sur le fichier de registre et la complexité générale diminuent. Troisièmement, nous présentons un mécanisme de prédiction imitant le mécanisme de récupération des instructions : La prédiction par blocs. Cela permet de prédire plusieurs instructions par cycle tout en effectuant une unique lecture dans le prédicteur. Ces trois propositions forment une mise en œuvre possible de la prédiction de valeurs qui est réaliste mais néanmoins performante
Although currently available general purpose microprocessors feature more than 10 cores, many programs remain mostly sequential. This can either be due to an inherent property of the algorithm used by the program, to the program being old and written during the uni-processor era, or simply to time to market constraints, as writing and validating parallel code is known to be hard. Moreover, even for parallel programs, the performance of the sequential part quickly becomes the limiting improvement factor as more cores are made available to the application, as expressed by Amdahl's Law. Consequently, increasing sequential performance remains a valid approach in the multi-core era. Unfortunately, conventional means to do so - increasing the out-of-order window size and issue width - are major contributors to the complexity and power consumption of the chip. In this thesis, we revisit a previously proposed technique that aimed to improve performance in an orthogonal fashion: Value Prediction (VP). Instead of increasing the execution engine aggressiveness, VP improves the utilization of existing resources by increasing the available Instruction Level Parallelism. In particular, we address the three main issues preventing VP from being implemented. First, we propose to remove validation and recovery from the execution engine, and do it in-order at Commit. Second, we propose a new execution model that executes some instructions in-order either before or after the out-of-order engine. This reduces pressure on said engine and allows to reduce its aggressiveness. As a result, port requirement on the Physical Register File and overall complexity decrease. Third, we propose a prediction scheme that mimics the instruction fetch scheme: Block Based Prediction. This allows predicting several instructions per cycle with a single read, hence a single port on the predictor array. This three propositions form a possible implementation of Value Prediction that is both realistic and efficient

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18

Ward, Geoff. "An experimental investigation of executive processes". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359513.

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19

Brocki, Karin Cecilia. "Executive Control Processes: Dimensions, Development and ADHD". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7788.

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20

Mackenzie, Ian Grant. "Executive control : an electrophysiological investigation of control processes". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/407/.

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Everyday behaviour requires constant coordination and monitoring in order for our actions to be successful. Within cognitive science such coordination and monitoring of behaviour is termed ‘control’ and refers to a set of functions that serve to configure the mental system for performing specific acts. A system of cognitive control is thought to set high level goals and direct subordinate cognitive systems in order to accomplish those goals. This thesis utilises a cognitive electrophysiological approach to the study of executive control, addressing research questions concerning the mental processes that are modulated by executive control and the mechanisms underlying control-related processing adjustments. The first experimental chapter investigates the process of task switching. More specifically, how demanding is a proposed stage of endogenous task-set reconfiguration in terms of information processing? It was previously reported that the process of task-set reconfiguration constitutes a hard bottleneck delaying even the earliest processing stages (e.g. perceptual) (Oriet & Jolicoeur, 2003). Three experiments investigated this claim by manipulating stimulus contrast and RSI within an alternating runs task switching paradigm. Both RT results and measurements of P1 and N1 ERP component peak latency did not offer support to the claim that task-set reconfiguration delays perceptual processing. Experimental Chapters 3 and 4 used interference paradigms that are common within the study of executive control (e.g. Eriksen Flanker task and a Stroop task, respectively). Within such interference paradigms, separate stimulus dimensions (relevant and irrelevant) are manipulated, with RT being faster when both the relevant and irrelevant stimulus dimensions indicate the same response. This is termed the ‘congruency effect’ and is often attributed to a failure of selective attention, namely, an inability to ignore the irrelevant stimulus dimension. It has been demonstrated that such congruency effects are dependent upon task sequence with the effect being reduced (or absent) after an incongruent trial (Gratton et al., 1992). Such conflict adaptation effects are a popular measure of cognitive control processes. An influential model of cognitive control is the conflict monitoring model of Botvinick et al. (2001), with much evidence for this model being based on the conflict adaptation effect. Specifically, the model proposes that the ACC measures for the occurrence of response conflict within two response channels, and when detected, signals its occurrence to other brain regions (e.g. DLPFC) that are involved in implementing control. Such control may be implemented via a top-down biasing mechanisms of attention toward the task-relevant stimulus feature. Chapter 3 investigated the conflict adaptation effect within the Flanker task and examined, whether after the occurrence of conflict, attention is directed toward the task-relevant central target location. This was done by measuring P1 and N1 ERP component amplitudes. Although behavioural conflict adaptation effects were evident in overt behaviour, these were specific to response repetitions, consistent with a bottom-up priming account that excludes the necessity for a top-down control explanation (e.g. Mayr et al., 2003). In addition, P1 and N1 amplitude did not show any evidence of increased attentional focus toward the central target location after the occurrence of conflict. Chapter 4 investigated the conflict adaptation effect within a modified Stroop task, and again, examined whether after the detection of conflict, attention is directed toward the task relevant stimulus feature. This was done by measuring N170 amplitude - an ERP component proposed to index face processing - when a face stimulus served as the relevant and irrelevant stimulus dimension. Again, conflict adaptation effects were evident in overt behaviour, with this effect being driven by the occurrence of response conflict. Unlike the data from the Flanker task, the conflict adaptation effect within the Stroop task was specific to response alternations, and thus, a bottom-up priming account is not applicable in this instance. However, again the ERP results did not offer any evidence that the processing of the relevant stimulus dimension was enhanced after the occurrence of conflict. Implications of the present results are discussed in the context of executive control and in particular, in relation to models of task switching and models of conflict control.

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21

Swain, Jonathan Peter. "The effect of anxiety on central executive processes". Thesis, University of Chichester, 2007. http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/835/.

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The aim of this thesis was to explore the effects of state anxiety, trait anxiety, and defensiveness on a psychomotor task that required working memory resources. Results from study 1 confirmed that a random response generation task was sensitive to changes in response rate and used limited working memory resources. ARM MANOV A showed that participant behaviour became less random as response rate increased (A. =.239, F9,1 = 14.491)

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22

Jankauskaitė, Giedrė. "Vykdymo proceso šalių teisių gynimas Lietuvoje ir Vokietijoje (lyginamasis tyrimas)". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20100224_102808-84141.

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Sprendimų vykdymas yra sudėtinė asmens teisės į teismą dalis ir ši teisė būtų iliuzinė, jeigu valstybės teisės sistema privalomą teismo sprendimą leistų palikti neįvykdytą, taip darant žalą vienai iš šalių. Dažnai pabrėžiama, kad civilinis procesas nesibaigia teismo sprendimo priėmimu. Net po to, tam tikrais atvejais yra būtinas prievartos aparato panaudojimas siekiant įvykdyti teisingumą. O teisingumas gali būti įvykdytas ir pasiekti savo tikslą tik tada, kai bus teisėtai, greitai ir veiksmingai įvykdytas teismo sprendimas. Tais atvejais, kai sprendimas nevykdomas, asmenys, kurių naudai priimtas sprendimas, gali prašyti sprendimą įvykdyti priverstinai. Valstybė, prisiėmusi pareigą užtikrinti materialinių subjektinių teisių gynimą, tai įgyvendina ne tik užtikrindama kiekvienam teisės subjektui teisminę jo pažeistų teisių ir interesų gynybą, bet ir civilinio proceso metu priimto teismo sprendimo įvykdymą prievarta. Šis prievartos mechanizmas yra sutelktas būtent valstybės rankose. Asmeniui, ginančiam savo pažeistas teises, reikia ne jų pažeidimą deklaruojančio teismo sprendimo arba tik šio pažeidimo konstatavimo, bet realaus teisių gynimo. Tai gali užtikrinti tik veiksminga teismo sprendimų vykdymo sistema. Teismo sprendimų vykdymas yra baigiamoji civilinio proceso stadija, kurios metu įgyvendinamas teismo sprendimas, o išieškotojas ir skolininkas realiai patiria teisinius ir turtinius teismo sprendimo padarinius. Vykdant teismo sprendimus, privalu griežtai laikytis įstatymo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Enforcement is an integral part of the right to a trial and this right would be illusory if the law of a mandatory system would leave the decision of the Court‘s failure, to the detriment o fone of the parties. Often stressed that the process does not end the civil court decision. Even then, in some cases, it is necessary to use coercive apparatus of justice. And justice can be fulfilled and to achieve its goal only when it is legally, quickly and effectively enforced court decision. In cases where a decision is not met, the persons for whose benefit the decision may request the decision to compulsorily. Enforcement of Civil Procedure is the final stage, during which implemented the court decision and the creditor and the debtor actually experienced legal and property implications of the court decision. The judgments must strictly comply with the statutory compulsory enforcement procedures to prevent violations of creditors to the debtor and third party rights and legitimate interests. Legal relations in civil proceedings entities for their role in civil proceedings are divided into: a) pursuing justice and ensuring the implementation of judicial decisions, b) participants (those involved in this case and other participants in the process). The first group includes the court, bailiff, court clerk (Rechtspfleger) and other entities engaged in ensuring fairness and justice act - of a judicial decision, order or decision - implementation. The second group includes the parties... [to full text]
Die Durchführung der Entscheidungen stellt einen Teil des Rechts einer Person auf Gericht dar; dieses Recht wäre eine Illusion, würde das staatliche Rechtssystem auf die Vollstreckung des verbindlichen Gerichtsbeschlusses nicht bestehen und so einen Schaden für eine von den Parteien verursachen. Es wird oft behauptet, dass ein Zivilverfahren mit der Fassung des Gerichtsbeschlusses nicht beendet ist. Sogar danach ist der Eingriff des Gewaltapparates in bestimmten Fällen erforderlich, um die Gerechtigkeit auszuüben. Die Gerechtigkeit kann erst dann ausgeübt werden und ihr Ziel erreichen, wenn der Gerichtsbeschluss rechtmäßig, schnell und wirkungsvoll vollstreckt wird. Wenn der Beschluss nicht durchgeführt wird, können die Personen, zu deren Gunsten der Beschluss gefasst wurde, einen Antrag auf die Vollstreckung stellen. Während des Durchführungsvorgangs wird das streitige oder verletzte materielle subjektive Recht oder zum Schutz stehendes Interesse tatsächlich wiederhergestellt. Nachdem der Staat die Pflicht die Verteidigung materieller subjektiver Rechte zu gewährleisten auf sich genommen hat, führt er diese Pflicht nicht nur dadurch aus, dass die gerichtliche Verteidigung der verletzten Rechten und Interessen für jedes Rechtsubjekt gewährleistet ist, sondern auch durch die Vollstreckung des in einem Zivilprozess gefassten Gerichtsbeschlusses. Dieser Gewaltmechanismus ist in den Händen des Staates konzentriert. Eine Person, die ihre verletzten Rechte verteidigt, braucht... [der volle Text, siehe weiter]

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23

Chacon, Vince. "Executive decision making processes and outcomes : structure and robustness". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29536.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 48).
Uncertainty in the decision making environment complicates the decision making process because future events may change the effect of a particular decision or series of decisions. This thesis explores the possibility of applying robust engineering design techniques to the decision making process in order to limit the effects of changing circumstances. The intent is to identify solutions that will reduce the variation in the outcome of decisions that are made across many projects by analyzing projects that have been executed at the Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) over the past several years. A framework to relate past performance to match the requirements of experiments in a Design of Experiments (DOE) analysis is developed. The approach views factors that are considered in making decisions as controllable elements and factors that unexpectedly affect the outcome of the decisions as noise. The resulting framework is then organized such that the data can be analyzed using the Taguchi approach to DOE, which has been successfully used for analyzing engineering design and manufacturing processes. The analysis approach considers the robustness of the outcome based on the factors used to make the decisions about the various projects that have been conducted at DFRC over the past six years. The decision process performance is analyzed and recommendation are made to improve the performance of the decision making process at DFRC. The analysis indicates that projects providing large increases in technical knowledge were the most influential in reducing the effects from changes in budget and staffing resources that were beyond the control of the decision makers.
by Vince Chacon.
S.M.

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24

Rudkin, Susan. "Executive processes in visual and spatial working memory tasks". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU140973.

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The main aim of the thesis was to investigate the nature of the cognitive mechanisms which underlie performance on specific visuo-spatial working memory tasks, with the emphasis on exploring the extent of central executive involvement. This research began with an attempt to investigate performance on two standard visual and spatial tasks in a small sample of mild-to-moderate AD patients, and compare this with performance on two adapted versions of the tasks (Experiments 1 & 2). The tasks were adapted to increase the ecological validity, but this adaptation appeared to alter the demands of the tasks, which prevented their further investigation as useful alternatives. The following experiments concentrated on investigating visual and spatial working memory in healthy populations. Experiments 3, 4, 5 and 6 employed a dual-task paradigm, whereby specific visual and spatial working memory tasks were combined with tasks assumed to involve executive processes. Experiments 3, 4 and 5 employed oral random digit generation as an executive task. The results of Experiments 3 and 5 indicated that visuo-spatial tasks which involve sequential processing show more interference with random digit generation than visuo-spatial tasks which involve simultaneous processing. The findings of Experiment 4 suggested that, when both item and order information are presented (i.e. with sequential presentation), subsequent recall or visuo-spatial material is attention demanding regardless of whether item only, order only, or both item and order information are required in response. These findings appear to indicate that visuo-spatial tasks which involve sequential processing require executive resources to a greater extent than visuo-spatial tasks which involve simultaneous processing. However, oral random generation is a sequential task, and requires the maintenance of serial order (in order to produce a random sequence). Therefore an alternative interpretation could be that the sequential nature of the oral random generation task gave rise to the pattern of selective impairment on sequential visuo-spatial tasks, rather than more general executive load.

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25

de, Gannes Nadine. "The emergence and work processes of executive remuneration consultants". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3704/.

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This thesis studies the emergence of executive remuneration consulting as a distinct occupation from the 1990s, and the co-emergence of remuneration consultants and remuneration committees from the early 2000s. These actors, their work processes, norms and interlinkages are studied within the context of key social, economic and political factors, which shape the fields of remuneration consulting work and remuneration governance. In light of recent conflicting governance recommendations, it is important to evaluate the system of governance in relation to the historical reference points which have shaped executive pay practices. In so doing, this thesis analyses the dynamic processes in which numerous actors (remuneration committees, executive directors, Reward/HR directors, remuneration consultants and institutional investors), documents (corporate governance codes, governance guidelines and regulations) and tools (market trends analysis and pay benchmarking) are collectively engaged. Executive remuneration has overwhelmingly been researched from the agency perspective, delineated into two theoretical points of departure: optimal contracting (Jensen and Meckling, 1976) and managerial capture (Bebchuk and Fried, 2003; 2004). Despite managerial capture theorists seeking to address perceived shortcomings in optimal contracting, both result in an undersocialised (Granovetter, 1985; cf. Main, 2006) view of executive pay practices. Drawing on a genealogical approach (Foucault, 1971), Chapter 3 studies the emergence of executive remuneration consulting, while Chapter 4 examines the co-emergence of remuneration consultants and remuneration committees. Drawing on a field-based study at a leading remuneration consultancy, Chapter 5 presents the day-to-day work processes of executive remuneration consultants, and the ways in which consultants have produced their relevance in executive pay design and governance. Chapter 6 problematizes the market for executive talent and presents a conceptualisation of pay benchmarking practice. Chapter 7 argues that a dominant logic of risk has gone undocumented; that it is risk and risk management that ‘percolates and pervades’ (Power, 2004) executive remuneration governance.

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26

Alves, Vinícius Silva. "A atividade legislativa do presidente da República na política democrática brasileira". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7082.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
This work aims at, from a comparative perspective, testing the hypothesis that the 1988 Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, when collated with the 1946 constitutional text, shows an increased influence of the president of the republic over the legislative process. So this question guides the work: to what extent the 1988 Constitution unbalanced in favor of the chief executive, the handling of the legislative process and the corresponding production of existing legislation? We also use the comparative method to identify traces of continuity and rupture in the established relationship between the Executive and Legislative powers from 1946 to 1964 and from 1988 to 2010. To accomplish this, first, the concept of political influence, from the work of Robert Dahl, and its relevance to political systems analysis, will be explored. After that, institutional recourses that allow the Chief Executive to influence the parliament members, present in the Brazilian constitutional history, will be listed, emphasizing the observation of the initiative powers and the prerogative of producing a law like normative act without the participation of the Legislative Power. Furthermore, the work observes the real influence of the president of republic, moment where data concerning the volume of legislative propositions and the duration processing of law projects from each one of the mentioned powers will be presented. At last, this thesis analyses the possible effects of the presence of an agent endowed with an expressive influence deriving from the asymmetric distribution of political resources provoked by an institutional plan.
O presente trabalho busca examinar o impacto da Constituição brasileira de 1988 na dinâmica existente entre a Câmara dos Deputados e o chefe do Executivo, comparando-a com a estabelecida sob a vigência da Constituição de 1946, buscando testar a hipótese de que o atual texto constitucional aumentou a influência do presidente da República sobre a Câmara dos Deputados no processo legislativo. Assim, a seguinte questão é explorada: em que medida a Constituição de 1988 desequilibrou, a favor do chefe do Executivo, a condução do processo legislativo e a correspondente produção da legislação vigente? Para tanto, utiliza-se o método comparado para identificar traços de continuidade e ruptura na relação estabelecida entre os mencionados poderes no período de 1946 a 1964 e 1988 a 2010. São examinados os poderes legislativos atribuídos ao chefe do Executivo pelos últimos quatro textos constitucionais (1937, 1946, 1967 e 1988), com ênfase na descrição dos poderes de iniciativa e de decreto. Em seguida, disserta-se sobre a estrutura interna da Câmara dos Deputados e como esta contribui para a centralização dos processos decisórios. Além disso, realiza-se uma análise baseada em instrumentos de estatística descritiva com o objetivo de viabilizar inferências sobre a influência do presidente da República no processo destinado à produção de leis nestes dois momentos da história democrática brasileira. Por fim, apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre os possíveis efeitos da presença de um agente dotado de uma expressiva influência decorrente da distribuição assimétrica de recursos políticos provocados por um plano institucional.

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27

Utrera, Iglesias Gladys Miriam. ""Virtual malleability" applied to MPI jobs to improve their execution in a multiprogrammed environment"". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6013.

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This work focuses on scheduling of MPI jobs when executing in shared-memory multiprocessors (SMPs).
The objective was to obtain the best performance in response time in multiprogrammed multiprocessors systems using batch systems, assuming all the jobs have the same priority.
To achieve that purpose, the benefits of supporting malleability on MPI jobs to reduce fragmentation and consequently improve the performance of the system were studied.
The contributions made in this work can be summarized as follows:
· Virtual malleability: A mechanism where a job is assigned a dynamic processor partition, where the number of processes is greater than the number of processors. The partition size is modified at runtime, according to external requirements such as the load of the system, by varying the multiprogramming level, making the job contend for resources with itself.
In addition to this, a mechanism which decides at runtime if applying local or global process queues to an application depending on the load balancing between processes of it.
· A job scheduling policy, that takes decisions such as how many processes to start with and the maximum multiprogramming degree based on the type and number of applications running and queued. Moreover, as soon as a job finishes execution and where there are queued jobs, this algorithm analyzes whether it is better to start execution of another job immediately or just wait until there are more resources available.
· A new alternative to backfilling strategies for the problema of window execution time expiring. Virtual malleability is applied to the backfilled job, reducing its partition size but without aborting or suspending it as in traditional backfilling.

The evaluation of this thesis has been done using a practical approach. All the proposals were implemented, modifying the three scheduling levels: queuing system, processor scheduler and runtime library.
The impact of the contributions were studied under several types of workloads, varying machine utilization, communication and, balance degree of the applications, multiprogramming level, and job size.
Results showed that it is possible to offer malleability over MPI jobs.
An application obtained better performance when contending for the resources with itself than with other applications, especially in workloads with high machine utilization. Load imbalance was taken into account obtaining better performance if applying the right queue type to each application independently.
The job scheduling policy proposed exploited virtual malleability by choosing at the beginning of execution some parameters like the number of processes and maximum multiprogramming level. It performed well under bursty workloads with low to medium machine utilizations.
However as the load increases, virtual malleability was not enough. That is because, when the machine is heavily loaded, the jobs, once shrunk are not able to expand, so they must be executed all the time with a partition smaller than the job size, thus degrading performance. Thus, at this point the job scheduling policy concentrated just in moldability.
Fragmentation was alleviated also by applying backfilling techniques to the job scheduling algorithm. Virtual malleability showed to be an interesting improvement in the window expiring problem. Backfilled jobs even on a smaller partition, can continue execution reducing memory swapping generated by aborts/suspensions In this way the queueing system is prevented from reinserting the backfilled job in the queue and re-executing it in the future.

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28

Moynihan, Peter. "Understanding higher command decision making and senior executive decision processes". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339359.

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The initial aims of the project were to identify characteristics of the command process at Higher Command levels in the Royal Navy so that systems design could include decision aids at this important focal point"in the overall system (a naval Task Force). A prerequisite for formulating recommendations is an understanding "of the Task Force Commander's role and decision process. Consequently, an attempt was made early on to structure the Task Force command task. It became apparent that, without special measures, such a description could not be acquired. This thesis, therefore, is the story of a project about collecting data and informa tion, using it and then interpret ting it for the aboye purposes. Since there was little known about how to achieve an understanding of senior decision making, especially in potentially unstructured areas like the naval Higher Command function in a conflict environment, appropriate measures were developed to do so. The overall methodology designed consisted of: a) basic research; b) interview techniques; c) scientific gaming procedure; and d) a data collection-in-action regime. The methodology sought to use 'laboratory' techniques initially to acquire enough insight to then mount a study of clients "in action". It was considered necessary to supplement the former types of methods (interviews and gaming activities) with versions actually involving the clients when performing their role (in the form of a structured self-report study). The overall methodology was rooted in the systems ideas of Checkland (1981) and Bowen's views on the OR process (1981 and 1984) . Both authors react against the traditional prescriptive, normative approach of text book OR practitioners. The latter pursui t ignores messy, human aspects of organisational life and requires that a problem situation is well understood so that applied mathematical techniques can be used to formulate and then , solve' a problem. Most high-level decision problems, though, cannot be so formulated. This thesis is an attempt to formulate and understand high-level decision problems in a different way, using different techniques, but with a similar aim of arriving at useful and meaningful decision support recommendations. The methods to be described should start to fill the gap that exists at the moment in the OR repertoire of methodology catering for such needs. It was not possible to implement the overall methodology in the naval context. The industrial phase of the research was therefore initiated so that all of the phases could be tested in an albeit limited programme. Some preliminary insights and findings emerged in both contexts. Essentially, high-level decision makers approach their tasks differently. They have differing priorities also - as revealed by the interview and gaming phases. However, the data collection-in-action study (implemented in an industrial context only) revealed that what happens in reality (when they are at work) does not fully reflect the pattern of priorities revealed in the laboratory studies. Consequently, it is necessary to use other means to arrive at a complete picture of their decision making process. The overall methodology includes the interview and gaming phases because they are necessary to acquire enough insights to mount a data collection-in-action study later on. Also, they have other research and training uses. The ~hesis also includes the use of an analysis technique (based on Hogberg 1985) which assists with the appreciation of high-level decision making problems. The technique forms the basis of a proposed decision support system for both military and industrial contexts.

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29

Meier, Christina. "A comparative investigation of associative processes in executive-control paradigms". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/26798.

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The experiments reported in this thesis were conducted to examine the effects of executive-control and associative-learning processes on performance in conventional executive-control paradigms. For this purpose, I developed comparative task-switching and response-inhibition paradigms, which were used to assess the performance of pigeons, whose behaviour is presumably based purely on associative processes, and of humans, whose behaviour may be guided by executive control and by associative processes. Pigeons were able to perform accurately in the comparative paradigms; hence, associative-learning processes are sufficient to account for successful performance. However, some task-specific effects that can be attributed to executive-control processes, and which were found in humans applying executive control, were absent or greatly reduced in pigeons. Those effects either reflect the mental operations that are performed to ensure that a specific set of stimulus-response-contingencies is applied and any contingencies belonging to a different set are suppressed, or reflect mental preparations for the possibility that the requirement to execute a certain response suddenly changes. In particular, in Chapter 3, it is shown that the benefits of repeatedly applying the same set of stimulus-response contingencies (or, in reverse, the costs of switching from one set to another) do not apply when Pavlovian processes dominate learning, which is likely the case for pigeons. Furthermore, as shown in Chapters 4 and 5, the behavioural effects of preparing for an unpredicted change in response requirements appeared to be absent when behaviour was based purely on associative processes. Instead, associatively mediated performance was primarily influenced by the stimulus-response contingencies that were effective in each paradigm. Repeating the same response in consecutive trials facilitated the performance of pigeons and associatively learning human participants in the task-switching paradigms, and performing a particular Go response increased the pigeons' likelihood of executing that response in the following trial in two response-inhibition paradigms. In summary, any behavioural effects that can be observed at the level of abstract task requirements reflect the influence of executive-control processes, both in task-switching paradigms and in response-inhibition paradigms.

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30

Fang, Miao. "Process Modeling and Execution in Non-Enterprise System Integration". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5557.

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Context. Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) are information systems that manage manufacturing processes in factories. The execution of MES processes requires non-enterprise integration, which integrates MES applications, services, and automation systems within the factories. Objectives. We aim at developing a modeling approach that can be used to represent and execute MES processes. Having such an approach would help MES vendors to reduce the development cost to reconfigure systems, in order to achieve better business flexibility. Methods. In order to understand the state of the art of manufacturing modeling techniques, we perform a systematic literature review (SLR) in scientific article sources, including IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Compendex, Inspec, and Springer Link. In consideration of the criteria in modeling and executing MES processes, we evaluate the selected process modeling techniques. Based on the result of evaluation, we propose a three-view-based approach to support process execution. We develop a prototype to prove that an MES process can be executed by following our approach. We also conduct semi-structured interviews in industry to validate whether our proposed approach achieves the objectives. Results. In the SLR, 24 primary studies are selected. Our analysis reveals that existing modeling techniques have limitations to enable process execution. To overcome the limitation, we propose a three-view-based approach, which has an MES process view, an abstract plant view to represent the structure of technical systems, and a mapping view to enable the communication between MES tasks and the technical systems. We develop a prototype as the implementation of our approach, which comprises: a graphical editor for the abstract plant view, a generator of message routes for the mapping view, and a typical MES process to be executed in the context of a warehouse management system. The semi-structured interviews we conducted with three industrial experts show positive feedback to use and generalize our approach in industry, in case comprehensive tools can be established. Conclusions. Compared to the existing modeling techniques, the three-view-based approach is specifically tailored toward process execution. Based on the feedback from industry, we conclude that applying our approach provides the possibility to achieve better reconfigurability and flexibility of MES.

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31

Vaughan, Leslie Giovanello Kelly. "Executive function in daily life age-related influences of executive processes on instrumental activities of daily living /". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1778.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Psychology Department, Cognitive Program." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.

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32

Mahy, Caitlin y Caitlin Mahy. "Investigating the Role of Executive Processes in Young Children's Prospective Memory". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12537.

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Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to carry out one's intentions. This is a critical ability for children to develop in order to function independently in their daily activities. This dissertation examines the role of executive functioning in preschoolers' PM in two studies that vary the executive demand at different stages of the PM task. Study 1 investigated the role of task difficulty during the retention interval prior to the PM task. A difficult working memory task during the delay period resulted in worse PM performance in 4- and 5-year-olds compared to an easy working memory task. In addition, children's working memory, planning ability, and theory of mind correlated with PM but only in the difficult filler task condition. Study 2 examined age differences between 4- and 5-year-olds in PM task performance when the task: (1) was embedded in an easy or difficult ongoing task, (2) had an instruction to focus on the intention versus an instruction to focus on the distractor activity during the retention interval, and (3) varied in the salience of prospective targets. Overall, 5-year-olds performed better on the PM task than 4-year-olds. Children also had superior PM when targets were salient compared to non-salient and marginally superior PM when they received an instruction to monitor their intention compared to when they received an instruction to focus on the distractor activity. In addition, positive relations between executive functioning and PM were documented. Taken together, these studies suggest that disrupting or encouraging monitoring has a direct impact on PM performance in certain conditions. The implications of these results for theories that suggest differing roles for controlled processes in PM are discussed.

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33

Harder, James David. "Legislative Oversight Processes in U.S. States". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86201.

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State legislatures have variable levels of professionalism. Measures of state legislative professionalism typically include metrics such as the number of legislative staff, legislative session length, and legislator compensation. This research considers the influence of variability in levels of legislative professionalism on the state’s oversight process. Few prior studies engage the legislative oversight process in states. To fill this gap, this research takes a grounded theory approach that uses thirty-three interviews with legislators, legislative staff, committee staff, and legislative research organizations in five states to test existing concepts and to develop new directions for research. The current scholarship on oversight and legislative institutions emphasizes the importance of broad factors like elections and committees, as well as more specific concepts like inter-branch conflict, partisanship, and legislative term-limits. This research confirms and extends those ideas, reaching the conclusion that oversight in states is a deeply political action. A central contribution of this work is a consideration of how the oversight process in states operates on the ground. The interviews uncover that many measures of professionalism often perform in unforeseen ways than what might expected. For instance, a lengthy legislative session can prohibit oversight actors from performing oversight functions. Conversely, long legislative interim periods provide actors with the space to conduct meaningful reviews of administrative action. This research also advances understandings of state legislative research organizations – like the Virginia Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission and Texas Sunset Commission – which play a vital role in performing meaningful legislative oversight. To catalyze these ideas a new concept, the oversight entrepreneur, is used to describe how stakeholders use the oversight process to achieve their preferences and enhance their reputations. The interviews contained here also expose the importance of each state’s individual context – including Constitutional, institutional, normed and historical factors. The dissimilarities that play out across states (and their secondary effects) demonstrate that future scholars would be well served to adopt caution in the application of concepts across contexts.
Ph. D.

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34

Graham, Dakeyan Cha' Dre'. "Secondary Band Participation and Executive Function". Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5488.

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Data on standardized tests is often used to advocate for the inclusion of music programs in secondary education curriculum. There have been studies that claim to identify a relationship between music participation and higher earned test scores; however, correlation does not necessarily equate to causation. The argument between whether music instruction improves student testing ability or if higher achieving students are attracted to music courses is still prevalent within the music education domain. Executive function represents the processes within the brain that encompass a number of cognitive ability processes used in the transfer of knowledge. These processes are essential to progression and success in education (Caine & Caine, 2006; Chan, et. al., 2008). Research demonstrates that music instruction has the capacity to enhance various executive function processes in young students with previous music instruction and individualized violin training (Bugos, 2010; Ho et al., 2003; Chan et al., 1998). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of secondary music instruction, specifically in the band setting, on executive function processes of processing speeding and working memory. 40 high school students, 20 students who had received previous band instruction and 20 who had not received previous band instruction ages 13 to 18, completed various cognitive and musical assessments to gauge musical ability and cognitive function (measuring attention, working memory, and processing speed). Students from both groups were paired using the Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale. Analysis of the results demonstrated that students who received prior band instruction demonstrated enhanced processing speed and working memory indices, as well as increased attention abilities.

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35

Carmona, Joseph. "Challenging frontal lobe capacity using lateralized vestibular stress: A functional cerebral systems approach to a clinical risk for falls". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77246.

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A conceptual model was originally proposed that linked the vestibular modality with executive domains by means of a functional cerebral systems framework. The claim was that frontal regions exert regulatory control over posterior systems for sensation and autonomic functions in a dense, interconnected network with right hemisphere specialization. As a preponderance of evidence demonstrates that a design fluency task is often associated with right frontal functioning, it was hypothesized that proficiency on a design fluency task would yield differences in QEEG and skin conductance after vestibular activation. Fifty-eight total (29 high- and 29 low-fluent performers on the Ruff Figural Fluency Test were subjected to 20 whole-body passive rotations about the neuroaxis at a constant rate of approximately 120 degrees per second. EEG and skin conductance levels were recorded prior to and post-rotation. Analyses were conducted on delta (1-4 Hz.) and beta (13-21 Hz.) frequencies. Overall, delta activity increased from baseline to post-rotation with higher levels at frontal sites, however no group differences were found across conditions. Regarding beta activation, high design fluency was associated with increased beta activation at the right temporal site (T6). In contrast to expectations, beta activity diminished from baseline to post-stress over both groups. Skin conductance levels increased from baseline to post-stress. Methodological considerations are discussed regarding gender issues and procedures of the experiment. The results indicate that vestibular disorientation yields systematic delta changes in the frontal regions, but that future refinements to the vestibular stressor may elicit QEEG and skin conductance differences in fluency groups.
Ph. D.

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36

Souza, Antonio Augusto Ulson de. "Desenvolvimento de um programa executivo para simulação de processos quimicos". [s.n.], 1985. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267060.

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Orientador: João Alexandre F. da Rocha Pereira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Campinas
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Resumo: A simulação de processos por computadores é uma das mais importantes ferramentas ao dispor do Engenheiro Químico, para projeto ou acompanhamento dos processos químicos. Embora existam na literatura referências a programas para simú1ação de processos, desde 1958, estes programas foram desenvolvidos fundamentalmente para computadores de grande porte e os seus custos os tornam inacessíveis a pequenos usuários. O rápido avanço tecnológico no desenvolvimento de computadores, especialmente os microcomputadores, permitindo sua aquisição por pequenos usuários, denota a necessidade de desenvolvimento de programas de simulação e especialmente de um programa executivo capaz de operar em microcomputadores. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvido um executivo para a simulação de processos químicos, no programa estado estacionário, utilizando microcomputadores, sendo também descritas as diversas fases de sua operação e efetuados testes de operacionalidade. Através da anã1ise da matriz do processo, o programa executivo orienta a entrada de dados das correntes do processo, determina os reciclos existentes, a sequência de cá1culo, o acesso de parâmetros às unidades modulares, gerenciando a execução dos cálculos até que a tolerância admitida como critério de convergência seja a1cançada. Durante a.fase de processamento, o programa executivo cria vários arquivos, havendo troca de informações entre os arquivos e entre as unidades modulares, através de um sistema encadeado, permitindo deste modo a otimização do uso da memória da unidade central de processamento (CPU), viabilizando a utilização de microcomputadores. São apresentados exemplos de teste que permitem avaliar o desempenho do programa proposto.
Abstract: Process arid plant simulation is nowadays one of the most important aspects of Chemical Engineers tasks, both the design of new processes and in the improving of existing ones. Although references to simulation programs can be traced to the late fifteen (1958}, these programs have been especially developed to be implemented in large computer systems and their costs make them impossible to the use of small companies. The fast technical advances in computer science and the advent of microcomputer systems making them available to small companies and users denote the need for the development of simulation programs and especially executive programs ready for implementation in-microcomputers. In the present work, an executive program fpr the steady state simulation of chemical processes was developed to be implemented in a microcomputer UNITRON 11 (an Apple Computer}. A detailed study of the operational phase and testing of the executive program is presented. The executive program, through the analysis of the process matrix, directs the data input of the process streams, plans the sequence in which calculation are to be done, identifies the existing recicles, and parameter input for the Unit Computation of modular type. The executive program supervises calculations till convergence with strict limits is attained. During the process simulation, the executive program creates several date files, occuring exchange of information between these files and the Unit Computation. The exchange of information is chained in such a way that it permits the otimization of RAM memory of the CPU, thus permiting the use of small microcomputers (RAM memory of 48 Kbytes). Testing of the executive program was carried out, using "black box" type of Unit Computation, which permits to evaluate its performance.
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Química

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37

Jacobson, Jessica Gail. "What Processes Promote Resilience? The Role of Positive Emotion, Cognitive Flexibility and Reappraisal". Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/152.

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Resilience implies the ability to quickly recover from a negative life event and adapt to changing situations. The goal of the current study was to explore the mechanisms underlying resilience, including the roles of cognitive emotion regulation (reappraisal) and cognitive flexibility. Although all aforementioned mechanisms were investigated, there was a particular focus on the relationship between resilience and "affective flexibility," a term used to describe cognitive flexibility in processing affective stimuli. In the current study, participants completed several self-report personality and behavioral scales, including measures of trait-resilience and cognitive reappraisal, a cognitive flexibility task, a working memory task and two novel affective flexibility tasks. Results showed that one of the two affective flexibility tasks was a valid measure of the affective flexibility construct; affective flexibility significantly predicted level of resilience above and beyond cognitive flexibility and working memory. Cognitive flexibility was also a unique predictor of resilience when controlling for affective flexibility and working memory. Cognitive reappraisal was positively correlated with resilience but it did not appear to mediate the relationship between affective flexibility and resilience. This study was the first to demonstrate that resilience is related to specific cognitive abilities rather than general executive functioning. It is also the first to introduce and operationalize the construct of affective flexibility and show that it is a distinct process from cognitive flexibility. Research limitations and future directions are discussed.

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38

Diamos, Gregory Frederick. "Harmony: an execution model for heterogeneous systems". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42874.

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The emergence of heterogeneous and many-core architectures presents a unique opportunity to deliver order of magnitude performance increases to high performance applications by matching certain classes of algorithms to specifically tailored architectures. However, their ubiquitous adoption has been limited by a lack of programming models and management frameworks designed to reduce the high degree of complexity of software development inherent to heterogeneous architectures. This dissertation introduces Harmony, an execution model for heterogeneous systems that draws heavily from concepts and optimizations used in processor micro-architecture to provide: (1) semantics for simplifying heterogeneity management, (2) dynamic scheduling of compute intensive kernels to heterogeneous processor resources, and (3) online monitoring driven performance optimization for heterogeneous many core systems. This work focuses on simplifying development and ensuring binary portability and scalability across system configurations and sizes.

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39

Miller, Margaret Alter. "Politics, Ambiguity and Executive Discretion in Government: Processes of Revealing and Concealing". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485939.

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I explore issues of communication among career civil servants and political appointees in the government of a large democracy, the United States. Influenced by the work of Cooks (2000) and Stacey (2007), I use narrative inquiry to explore micro-interactions of which I am a part. My inquiry shows that, in contrast to the mainstream 'sender receiver' model of communication, people use processes of ambiguity and revealing and concealing in their ordinary interactions. I claim that such processes are not 'errors' in the transmission of a signal, but are essential processes through which people of diverse interests reach agreement among themselves that enable them to get along with each other (Eisenberg, 2007). I assert that such processes are inevitable because messages cannot be 'sent' with fully predictable results due, in part, to processes of revealing and concealing. Influenced by Stacey (2007), I argue that governing occurs among people interacting with each other in ordinary ways in small groups. Such interactions include telephone calls, emails, face to face meetings, and hallway conversations as well as large group meetings and events. I also assert that g'overning occurs in minute, frequently ignored aspects of such interactions, such as pauses in conversations. I maintain that, in such activities, participants consider numerous factors before deciding their next steps, such as issues of influence, authority, organizational position, personal need, political preference, and issues of 'face,' image, and self-presentation. I argue that, although such activities are influenced by others, they are not fully controlled by others. Therefore, my thesis contrasts to 'mainstream' theories oforganizational behavior (Weber, 1947; Merton, 1949; Parsons, 1951; Simon, 1997), because I argue that patterns of interaction cannot be fully controlled or 'designed' in advance. The assertion is based on my research finding that processes of revealing and concealing pervade interactions and influence ongoing patterns that emerge. I address processes of governing and observe that, in the large democracy I have explored, they are influenced by patterns of interdependence in which government employees are paradoxically related to the head of government. For example, employees are voters who playa role in selecting the leader whose 'agendas' they are expected to implement. Therefore, such paradoxical relations have a 'flattening' effect on organizational relationships within the bureaucracy; the President is 'playing' to the civil servants as voters at the same time he is directing their work. I take the position that, in the U.S. government, processes of ambiguity are fostered by the country's Constitutional separation of powers, as a result of which no one, including the President, has ultimate power. As a result, ambiguity pervades interactions among officials including the President's own appointees, career civil servants, and elected officials. Due to the ambiguity and paradoxical power relations mentioned above, I show that, even in a large government headed by a visible, powerful elected official such as the President, no one is fully in control. I maintain that the exercise of discretion is critical to the successful development of employee influence, whether the employee is a political appointee, career civil servant, or elected official. I argue that the exercise of discretion by the government employee is critical to the navigation of ambiguous roles, responsibilities, and authorities and is related to influence, which is political. As a result, I assert that the exercise ofdiscretion, including processes of ambiguity, is critical to governing. My contributions include clarifying the importance of ambiguity in governing, and showing that processes of ambiguity and revealing and concealing are pervasive in human interaction. Therefore, my work contributes to the development of a theory ofcomplex responsive processes (Stacey, 2007) by showing that such processes are instrumental in choices people make and therefore, influence predictability, control, and the patterning of interactions.

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40

Saje, A. "The design of organisations, products and processes for strategic flexibility : executive summary". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4125/.

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Technological innovation and globalisation are driving profound economic, political and cultural changes. There is a widespread acknowledgement that organisations need to be more strategically flexible to cope with increased levels of competition and market change. The research reported here has two objectives. The first is that of identifying the causes of strategic flexibility in organisations, and the second being to implement methods of improving strategic flexibility. A model of decision-making behaviour has been developed, which identifies the areas of individual and group decision-making behaviour that affect strategic flexibility. The model has general applicability. A significant cause of strategic inflexibility is a behavioural. dysfunction in individuals that produces a much wider dysfunction in the organisation. The same model also provides the basis for the evaluation and improvement of such behaviours. This has led to the development of processes and tools to reduce the barriers to adopting high quality decision-making behaviour. However, individual behavioural. change, while being an essential foundation, is insufficient on its own to achieve high rates of organisational and technological adaptation at low levels of disruption. The second objective has been to implement a systematic process for integrating all players in a strategically flexible organisation. In the absence of a consistent, systematic process, particularly for organisational and technological innovation, a design model of the business has been originated and developed. This has been shown to be applicable to a wide range of organisational cultures and integrates recent trends in organisational thinking. Individual innovations in processes and tools, which have been central to the development and introduction of the design model, have been implemented in an organisation. These innovations are in the areas of innovation management, portfolio management, product targeting and target agreement, and are described to achieve wider application. The concept of the brand has been shown to be a powerful 'attractor' to develop an organisation's fundamental relationship with its environment in the long, medium and short term. Because the values of a brand represent basic human motivational values, they provide stability for long term planning and can align internal decision-making values, innovation and core competencies to the benefit of the organisation and their workers, their customers and the wider environment. The research work has shown that an organisation can meet the simultaneous requirements of design speed, knowledge reuse, semi-independent decision-making and creativity at the lowest possible level of the organisation. The concepts and tools are therefore valuable in supporting a step-change in the performance of conventional and virtual organisations. The modular partitioning of organisations, products and processes is compatible with the design model of the business, -and the strategies are synergistic. While modularity in a traditional organisation. could lead to decay and loss of strategic flexibility, its integration within the design model framework supports a dynamically unstable, but continuously innovative and long-lived organisation.

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41

Hadjiefthyvoulou, Florentia. "The effect of ecstasy/polydrug use on prospective memory and executive processes". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2012. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/5327/.

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The purpose of this thesis was to examine the range of prospective memory and executive function deficits in ecstasy/polydrug users and the role of these processes in accounting for the observed prospective memory performance deficits. Using a variety of laboratory and self-report measures of prospective memory and a self-report measure of executive function, ecstasy/polydrug users were tested in laboratory settings on measures of event and time-based, short and long term prospective memory as well as on a wide range of executive function components. It was found that ecstasy/polydrug users in relation to non-users experience more general prospective memory problems as ecstasy/polydrug-related deficits were evident on both time and event-based and short and long-term prospective memory. Ecstasy/polydrug users also demonstrated deficits on executive processes suggesting that recreational drug users are impaired in a broader range of executive function and ecstasy/polydrug-related deficits are not restricted to the three-model component of executive function. It was also found that executive dysfunction is associated with poorer time-based prospective memory and perhaps some of the drug related prospective memory deficits are mediated by drug related executive function impairment. Finally, although few prospective memory or executive function performance deficits were evident among cannabis-only users a trend was evident in all investigations; ecstasy/polydrug users perform the worst, cannabis-only users at intermediate levels and drug-naïve perform the best. The most striking finding of the present thesis was that the recreational use of cocaine was associated with PM deficits; an association that consistently emerged in all studies of PM performance. The outcomes of the present thesis provide a fruitful direction for future research.

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42

Montgomery, Catharine Anne. "The differential effects of MDMA (ecstasy) use on executive and memory processes". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2006. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5775/.

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The purpose of this thesis was to examine the nature of executive function deficits in ecstasy users, and the contribution of these executive functions to performance on other cognitive tasks. Using recent theoretical models of executive functioning recreational ecstasy-polydrug users were tested in laboratory settings on measures of mental set switching, response inhibition, memory updating and access to semantic memory. It was found that ecstasy users performed significantly worse than nonusers on measures of updating and access, although cocaine also emerged as an important factor in deficits in access. The contribution of access and updating to performance on more complex executive function tasks was then assessedI.t was found that while associative learning is relatively independent of access and updating, the same was not true for everyday memory and syllogistic reasoning. Ecstasy group related deficits in syllogistic reasoning were slightly attenuated following control for access and substantially following control for updating. It emerged that everyday memory deficits were more related to the use of cannabis than the use of ecstasy. The results of this thesis have serious implications for those who use ecstasy and should be used in educating such individuals. Outside the area of Psychopharmacology this thesis provides further support for the nature of executive functions and their relationship with syllogistic reasoning and everyday memory. Future research should assess executive functions along the same paradigm and seek to recruit polydrug control groups.

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43

Weigold, Thomas. "A generic framework for process execution and secure multi-party transaction authorization". Thesis, University of Westminster, 2010. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/90873/a-generic-framework-for-process-execution-and-secure-multi-party-transaction-authorization.

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Process execution engines are not only an integral part of workflow and business process management systems but are increasingly used to build process-driven applications. In other words, they are potentially used in all kinds of software across all application domains. However, contemporary process engines and workflow systems are unsuitable for use in such diverse application scenarios for several reasons. The main shortcomings can be observed in the areas of interoperability, versatility, and programmability. Therefore, this thesis makes a step away from domain specific, monolithic workflow engines towards generic and versatile process runtime frameworks, which enable integration of process technology into all kinds of software. To achieve this, the idea and corresponding architecture of a generic and embeddable process virtual machine (ePVM), which supports defining process flows along the theoretical foundation of communicating extended finite state machines, are presented. The architecture focuses on the core process functionality such as control flow and state management, monitoring, persistence, and communication, while using JavaScript as a process definition language. This approach leads to a very generic yet easily programmable process framework. A fully functional prototype implementation of the proposed framework is provided along with multiple example applications. Despite the fact that business processes are increasingly automated and controlled by information systems, humans are still involved, directly or indirectly, in many of them. Thus, for process flows involving sensitive transactions, a highly secure authorization scheme supporting asynchronous multi-party transaction authorization must be available within process management systems. Therefore, along with the ePVM framework, this thesis presents a novel approach for secure remote multi-party transaction authentication - the zone trusted information channel (ZTIC). The ZTIC approach uniquely combines multiple desirable properties such as the highest level of security, ease-of-use, mobility, remote administration, and smooth integration with existing infrastructures into one device and method. Extensively evaluating both, the ePVM framework and the ZTIC, this thesis shows that ePVM in combination with the ZTIC approach represents a unique and very powerful framework for building workflow systems and process-driven applications including support for secure multi-party transaction authorization.

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44

FERREIRA, Alexandre Alves. "Gestão de processos na análise da execução orçamentária da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17617.

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Uma das grandes missões de um governo é de proporcionar bem-estar à população. Para alcançar esses objetivos é necessário desenvolver ações, as quais implicam vinculação de verba pública para assegurar as despesas que tais ações acarretarão. Sendo assim, nos órgãos públicos, como é o caso das universidades federais, é elaborado o orçamento anual, regido pela Lei Orçamentária Anual (LOA), a qual estabelece os créditos destinados aos diversos órgãos governamentais para que eles possam, então, desenvolver suas atividades. É nesse horizonte que este estudo aplica o princípio da Gestão de Processos, como ferramenta de gestão, para monitorar o desempenho da execução orçamentária, especialmente nos procedimentos que requerem ações entre unidades departamentais. Assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi o de analisar a gestão da execução orçamentária da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) e propor melhorias ao processo. Especificamente, o estudo identificou, descreveu e representou graficamente o processo de execução orçamentária da UFPE; analisou e apontou seus cenários atual e desejável em relação às suas etapas, ao tempo utilizado no desenvolvimento das tarefas e aos recursos humanos envolvidos; e apresentou uma proposição de indicadores de desempenho do processo na expectativa de que sirvam de recursos para monitorar a execução orçamentária das unidades gestoras de orçamento e da UFPE, em geral. Pesquisa de natureza aplicada, a coleta de dados combinou diferentes fontes de evidências: pesquisa documental, observação participante e questionários semiestruturados. Adotou-se abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa na análise dos dados, e utilizou a metodologia do Business Process Management (BPM) para descrição, representação e análise do processo. A proposição dos indicadores seguiu o modelo metodológico de Trzesniak (2014), e, portanto, os indicadores foram formulados com base em cinco dimensões: denominação, propósito, conceito, forma de apuração e metadados. A pesquisa apontou que o processo de execução orçamentária da UFPE tem potencial para se tornar mais ágil, eficiente e focado no usuário e que os indicadores de monitoramento propostos poderão acompanhar a gestão orçamentária.
One of the major missions of the government is to provide welfare to the population. In order to achieve this goal it is necessary to develop actions, which involve linking public funds to ensure resources for the development of such actions. Thus, public agencies - such as federal universities - prepare the annual budget in accordance with the Annual Budget Law (LOA), which establishes credits allocated to various government agencies so that they may develop their activities. This is the horizon to which this study applies the principle of process management as a management tool to monitor the performance of budget execution, especially procedures that require actions between departmental units. Therefore, this study aims at analyzing budget execution management performed by the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) and proposing improvements to the process. Specifically, this study identified, described and graphically represented the budget execution process of UFPE. It analyzed and pointed out the current and desired scenarios regarding its stages, time spent in the development of tasks and human resources involved. In addition, it presented a proposal for performance indicators in an attempt to serve as resources for monitoring budget execution of UFPE's budget management units. This study is an applied research. Data collection combined different sources of evidence: document research, participant observation, and semi-structured questionnaires. It adopted qualitative and quantitative approach to data analysis, and used Business Process Management (BPM) methodology for description, representation and analysis of the process. Proposition of indicators followed the methodological model developed by Trzesniak (2014), and therefore indicators have been formulated based on five dimensions: denomination, purpose, concept, means of verification and metadata. The research indicated that UFPE's budget execution process has the potential to become more agile, efficient and focused on the user, and the proposed monitoring indicators may follow up the budget management.

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45

Yeoh, SengMing. "Secure and Efficient In-Process Monitor and Multi-Variant Execution". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102158.

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Control flow hijacking attacks such as Return Oriented Programming (ROP) and data oriented attacks like Data Oriented Programming (DOP) are problems still plaguing modern software today. While there have been many attempts at hardening software and protecting against these attacks, the heavy performance cost of running these defenses and intrusive modifications required has proven to be a barrier to adoption. In this work, we present Monguard, a high-performance hardware assisted in-process monitor protection system utilizing Intel Memory Protection Keys (MPK) to enforce execute-only memory, combined with code randomization and runtime binary patching to effectively protect and hide in-process monitors. Next, we introduce L-MVX, a flexible lightweight Multi-Variant Execution (MVX) system running in the in-process monitor system that aims to solve some of the performance problems of recent MVX defenses through selective program call graph protection and in-process monitoring, maintaining security guarantees either by breaking attacker assumptions or creating a scenario where a particular attack only works on a single variant.
Master of Science
Memory corruption attacks are still prevalent on modern software. While there have been many attempts at hardening software and preventing against these attacks, the heavy performance cost of running these defenses and intrusive modifications required have proven to be a barrier to adoption. In this work, we present L-MVX, a high-performance hardware assisted in-process monitor protection system that provides an unintrusive and efficient way to defend against these attacks on monitor systems. We also introduce L-MVX, a flexible lightweight process monitoring engine running on L-MVX that aims to solve some of the performance problems of recent monitor defenses.

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46

Ferreira, Rafaela Viegas da Luz Soares de. "Prejuízo da função executiva em pacientes com esquizofrenia". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15427.

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Mestrado em Psicologia da Saúde e Reabilitação Neuropsicológica
As funções executivas são um conjunto complexo de competências, que incluem um amplo espectro de processos cognitivos e comportamentais. Na esquizofrenia, o défice executivo tem sido associado a várias variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Com o objectivo de avaliar as funções executivas numa amostra de 15 participantes institucionalizados com diagnostico de esquizofrenia crónica, foram usados os testes de avaliação psicológica e neuropsicológica: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop – Teste de Cores e Palavras (Stroop), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Toulouse-Piéron (T-P) e WAIS-III (subtestes Figuras Incompletas–FI, Vocabulário–V e Semelhanças–S) e Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Foram consultados os processo dos respectivos pacientes para recolha de informação relativa a variáveis sociodemográficas, bem como histórico de consumos, medicação actual, antecedentes psiquiátricos familiares, idade de ínicio da doença e número de cigarros fumados por dia. Os resultados encontrados não foram os esperados, havendo alguns de difícil compreensão. A organização perceptiva piora com a toma de anticolinérgicos; a medicação antipilética piora a atenção e a função executiva; quanto maior o número de antipsicóticos diferentes tomados, pior a percepção e atenção selectiva, e melhor o funcionamento executivo; um maior número de anos de escolaridade está relacionada com uma melhor função executiva; a estação do ano do nascimento está associada à sensibilidade interpessoal, estando a Primavera relacionada com maior sensibilidade interpessoal, seguida do Outono, Inverno e, por último, Verão; uma idade de início da doença mais tardia parece favorecer a instalação de uma ideação paranóide mais acentuada; a disfunção cognitiva global e um QI pré-mórbido mais baixo estão relacionados com a presença de antecedentes psiquiátricos familiares. O estudo da disfunção executiva nestes doentes é de uma importância crucial para o planeamento das intervenções e para a melhoria do seu funcionamento social e ocupacional, dada a sua forte associação ao comprometimento funcional.
The executive functions are a complex set of competences including a brad spectrum of cognitive and behavioural processes. In schizophrenia, the executive deficit has been associated with socio-demographic and clinical variables. The aim of our study was to evaluate the executive functions in a sample of 15 institutionalized patients with the diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia, and for that purpose we used the following neuropsychological and psychological tests: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop – Teste de Cores e Palavras (Stroop), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Toulouse-Piéron (T-P) e WAIS-III (subtests Figuras Incompletas–FI, Vocabulário–V e Semelhanças–S) e Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Hospital records of each participant were consulted in order to obtain information regarding socio-demographical variables, as well as history of substance abuse, actual medication, psychiatric family history, age of onset of the disease, and number of cigarettes smoked per day. The results that we found were not those we had expected, being some hard to understand. Perceptual organization is negatively affected by anticholinergic medication; antiepileptics have a detrimental effect on executive function and attention; a great number of antipsychotics taken by patients is associated with poorer selective attention and perception, and better executive functioning; higher years of education is associated with improved executive function; a relationship was found between the birth season and interpersonal sensitivity, with Spring being associated with higher interpersonal sensitivity, followed by Autumn, Winter and, at last, Summer; a later age of onset of the disease seems to favour the installation of a more pronounced paranoid ideation; global cognitive dysfunction and lower premorbid IQ were related to a positive psychiatric family history. The study of executive dysfunction in these patients has a crucial importance for intervention planning and for an improvement in social, and occupational functioning, given its strong association to functional impairment.

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47

Khalaf, Rania Y. "Supporting business process fragmentation while maintaining operational semantics a BPEL perspective". Berlin dissertation.de, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988654547/04.

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48

Li, Dong. "Scalable and Energy Efficient Execution Methods for Multicore Systems". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26098.

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Multicore architectures impose great pressure on resource management. The exploration spaces available for resource management increase explosively, especially for large-scale high end computing systems. The availability of abundant parallelism causes scalability concerns at all levels. Multicore architectures also impose pressure on power management. Growth in the number of cores causes continuous growth in power. In this dissertation, we introduce methods and techniques to enable scalable and energy efficient execution of parallel applications on multicore architectures. We study strategies and methodologies that combine DCT and DVFS for the hybrid MPI/OpenMP programming model. Our algorithms yield substantial energy saving (8.74% on average and up to 13.8%) with either negligible performance loss or performance gain (up to 7.5%). To save additional energy for high-end computing systems, we propose a power-aware MPI task aggregation framework. The framework predicts the performance effect of task aggregation in both computation and communication phases and its impact in terms of execution time and energy of MPI programs. Our framework provides accurate predictions that lead to substantial energy saving through aggregation (64.87% on average and up to 70.03%) with tolerable performance loss (under 5%). As we aggregate multiple MPI tasks within the same node, we have the scalability concern of memory registration for high performance networking. We propose a new memory registration/deregistration strategy to reduce registered memory on multicore architectures with helper threads. We investigate design polices and performance implications of the helper thread approach. Our method efficiently reduces registered memory (23.62% on average and up to 49.39%) and avoids memory registration/deregistration costs for reused communication memory. Our system enables the execution of application input sets that could not run to the completion with the memory registration limitation.
Ph. D.

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49

Wilson, Jennifer Susan. "Hot and Cool Executive Functions in Middle Childhood: Development and Relationships with Cognitive and Emotional Processes, and Functional Outcomes". Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367127.

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Executive functioning (EF) follows a protracted course of development, emerging in early infancy and continuing to develop throughout childhood, adolescence and early adulthood, before declining in older age (Diamond, 2006; Zelazo, Craik, & Booth, 2004). Despite this, the majority of developmental research has focused on the emergence of EF before age 5 (Best, Miller, & Jones, 2009). Recent research also suggests that EF can usefully be separated into hot (more emotionally driven) and cool (more abstract) factors (Kerr & Zelazo, 2004), and that these factors likely have distinct neural underpinnings (Bechara, Damasio, & Damasio, 2000). The current program of research investigated the development of hot and cool EF in a sample of 126 (59 males and 67 females) typically developing Australian 5 to 12-year-old children. Six different behavioural measures of EF (three hot and three cool) were administered. The first study examined and compared the age-related development of hot and cool EF in a series of cross-sectional age-group comparisons. Age-related improvements were observed on all six EF tasks. Across the age-range studied, all EF tasks showed a linear relationship with age. Analysis using composite measures of hot and cool EF showed no significant differences in the rate of development between hot and cool EF, suggesting that hot and cool EF develop at similar rates across middle childhood. Factor analysis of the EF tasks also supported a single factor solution. Thus, the first study did not find evidence supporting a hot-cool EF distinction during middle childhood.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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50

Baumstark, Lewis Benton Jr. "Extracting Data-Level Parallelism from Sequential Programs for SIMD Execution". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4823.

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The goal of this research is to retarget multimedia programs written in sequential languages (e.g., C) to architectures with data-parallel execution capabilities. Image processing algorithms often have a high potential for data-level parallelism, but the artifacts imposed by the sequential programming language (e.g., loops, pointer variables) can obscure the parallelism and prohibit generation of efficient parallel code. This research presents a program representation and recognition approach for generating a data parallel program specification from sequential source code and retargeting it to data parallel execution mechanisms. The representation is based on an extension of the multi-dimensional synchronous dataflow model of computation. A partial recognition approach identifies and transforms only those program elements that hinder parallelization while leaving other computational elements intact. This permits flexibility in the types of programs that can be retargeted, while avoiding the complexity of complete program recognition. This representation and recognition process is implemented in the PARRET system, which is used to extract the high-level specification of a set of image-processing programs. From this specification, code is generated for Intels SSE2 instruction set and for the SIMPil processor. The results demonstrate that PARRET can exploit, given sufficient parallel resources, the maximum available parallelism in the retargeted applications. Similarly, the results show PARRET can also exploit parallelism on architectures with hardware-limited parallel resources. It is desirable to estimate potential parallelism before undertaking the expensive process of reverse engineering and retargeting. The goal is to narrow down the search space to a select set of loops which have a high likelihood of being data-parallel. This work also presents a hybrid static/dynamic approach, called DLPEST, for estimating the data-level parallelism in sequential program loops. We demonstrate the correctness of the DLPESTs estimates, show that estimates for programs of 25 to 5000 lines of code can be performed in under 10 minutes and that estimation time scales sub-linearly with input program size.

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