Tesis sobre el tema "Évangélisation – Europe – Moyen âge"
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Belliart, Michel. "Écrire des Vies de saints dans les marges de l'Europe chrétienne (Xe - XIIe siècle)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILH046.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the Christianization of the neighbouring parts of the traditional Latin world, essentially between the 10th and 12th centuries, from the perspective of hagiographic literature. It consists of a cross-study of three distinct geographic areas: England at the end of the Anglo-Saxon era, Central Europe (Bohemia and Hungary), and the Scandinavian realms (Norway, Sweden, Denmark). The common denominator is Latin hagiography, to wit, the Lives and Passions of local saints, which shall constitute our main sources. Through these texts, the formation of these saints' cults, as well as the settlement of the whole Roman Christendom in those formerly pagan-ruled and peripheral lands, will be investigated. The purpose of this thesis will be to shed some light on these peripheries' progressive Christianization through the study of all possible specificities within hagiographical texts. We shall proceed in three main directions: firstly, by interesting ourselves in the environments of our tales, especially places and times; secondly, by focusing on those various characters, from the saints themselves (the heroes) to the Devil (their common nemesis), not forgetting the numerous auxiliaries and opponents which gravitate around them; lastly, by investigating the language (stylistic choices, vocabulary) which the narrator uses, as well as the construction of the tale, its subdivisions and references to other works
Mériaux, Charles. "La formation des diocèses septentrionaux de la Gaule du VIe au Xe siècle (Arras-Cambrai, Tournai et Thérouanne) : mission, topographie chrétienne et culte des saints". Lille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL30027.
Texto completoChave-Mahir, Florence. "Une parole au service de l'unité : l'exorcisme des possédés dans l'Eglise d'occident (Xe-XIVe siècle". Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/chave-mahir_f.
Texto completoCoviaux, Stéphane. "Christianisation et naissance d'un épiscopat : l'exemple de la Norvège du Xe au XIIe siècle". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010615.
Texto completoDumézil, Bruno. "Conversion et liberté dans les royaumes barbares d'Occident de l'Edit de Théodose à la conquête arabe". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040209.
Texto completoIn the Fifth Century, the end of the Western Empire and the coming of the barbarian people, arian or pagan ones, produced important changes in conversion methods. Civil politics of coercion known during the Empire disappeared, and conversion came back into the hand of bishops. Violence decreased or mutated. But the barbarian kings, dealing about the new problems of their people, were seduced by the principle of forced conversion. For a time, the question of the use of legal violence opposed kings and bishops. But compromises were found to give a definition of the "secular arm". Meanwhile, aristocracy and monks worked to create a social pressure in favour of the Christian religion and so, the last pagan and heretic had to choose quickly between baptism or disappearance
Hablot, Laurent. "La devise, mise en signe du prince, mise en scène du pouvoir : les devises et l'emblématique des princes en France et en Europe à la fin du Moyen Age". Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT5012.
Texto completoMougeot, Christelle. "Les apports de l'économie de l'information et des incitations à l'analyse des corporations artisanales médiévales". Nancy 2, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc143/2002NAN20007.pdf.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to define the role of craft guilds in the emergence and extension of the medieval european markets. It comes within the framework of the New Economic History which uses explicitly the economic theory to interpret history. The contributions of the economics of information are particularly successful in analysing an organization as complex as the medieval craft guilds. Asymmetric information about product quality explains the logical birth of these organizations by highlighting their positive role in the structuralization of markets and the definition of regulating rules in industrial and commercial activities. Adverse selection and moral hazard allow to justify the relevance of the medieval agents choice to resort to an organization rather than the market. The contrast between this essay and the conventional monopolistic wisdom could not be starker. Usually described as inefficient cartels, we show that craft guilds mitigated the failings of the medieval markets. At first, they encouraged men to make mutually advantageous trades ; trades they would not have made if guilds had not mitigated adverse selection and moral hazard. Then, complex interactions between authorities, merchant guilds and craft guilds removed to these last ones the possibility of implementing monopoly policy. Finally, these organizations contributed to create an institutional structure favourable for human capital accumulation and technological innovation. This new view contends craft guilds encouraged commerce and increased economic efficiency
Martin-Dupont, Sophie. "Les spondylarthropathies dans les populations du passé : diagnostic et épidémiologie des populations du Sud de l'Europe". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30072.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is to elaborate and to use morphologic criteria allowing to make the diagnosis of Spondylarthropathy on ancient skeletons. At first, we made a point on available diagnosis tools in clinical practice for living people, and in paleopathology. In a second time, the question is approached from an epidemiological point of view, through international publications. From this bibliography review, from our rheumatologist experience, and from the analysis of three skeletons of the Soulièvres Abbey in Somme (France), a set of diagnosis criteria is developed. Then, it is applied to three archaeological series, one Portuguese population from the beginning of the last century, and two medieval populations from the south of France. The discussion analyses the relevance of criteria, and factors likely to explain the variations of prevalence observed. The criteria set developed and tested in this work, allows giving a diagnosis graduated as definite, probable, possible
Bobis, Laurence. "Le rapport entre l'homme et l'animal dans l'Occident médiéval : un animal exemplaire, le chat". Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081251.
Texto completoThe history of domestic cat is badly known. It was brought during a long period into different parts of europa and especially british isles, from egypt where he was first domesticated. At the end of antiquity, the cat is implanted everywhere in western roman empire. On account of his exotic origin, it was not, for a long time, integrated to western culture and symbolic, even if it is part of fauna and man's immediate environment it was considered first and foremost as a mouser and clergymen were diffident of relationships between man and cat. From xiith-xiiith c. On, clerical and secular culture moralize and anthropomorphize animals and especially cats giving it a belittling image. In the same time, accusations are launched against heretics, and the devil appears as a cat. Belief in "ailouranthropia" seems peculiarly widely held, witches being said to fascinate and murder children. Cat has a very important place in imagination ; it is associated to women, death, and above all sexuality. Iconography of the cat, very numerous alter xivth c. , integrate these associations in a really symbolic system
Besnard, Anne-Christel. "Paléoécopathologie humaine : étude des relations entre les maladies et l'environnement des populations anciennes humaines : essai d'interprétation des traumatismes sur les populations du Moyen-Âge". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T060.
Texto completoBrusotto, Luca. "Le trasformazioni di un costume educativo nobiliare : la nutritio nell'Occidente franco altemedievale". Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040166.
Texto completoDuring the high middle ages a set of practices defined fosterage but pointed in latin by the terms nutritio and nutritura enable a man to place himself or his descendants under the protection of a stranger in order to assure professional training and keeping. These are customs enable to create alliance and to involve the creation of affective ties connecting peoples of different social conditions. From VIth to VIIth century these relations mainly are described by hagiographical sources describing aristocratic man’s lives. During their adolescence are commended by families to other nobles or directly to the sovereigns. Sometimes they undertake personally the task of nutritor, sometimes entrust it to other peoples who take care of training and keeping of the nutriti and bringing up them to courtly life. As from the second half of VIIIth century nutritio seems to restrain the characters assimilating it to practices of commendatio and, on the contrary, emphasizing its aristocratic connotations, will develop itself following two different ways. The first will pursue the model of the nutritus integrated in courtly world. The second will bring nutritio to conjugate its meanings with an educative practice connoted by pedagogical and intellectual characters. As from the Xth century, instead, political and social situation appears very different. But the members of aristocracy, sticking their intentions and ambitions, will entrust the education of their heirs to the new centres of power. These, although characterised by a strong political unstableness, will offer educational options that don’t will miss erudition became popular during the previous century
Morel, Barbara. "Le châtiment dans l'enluminure au Moyen Age. Une iconographie de la répression judiciaire". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010507.
Texto completoValéry, Raphaël. "L'enseignement du comportement social (courtoisie et bonnes manières) : en Europe occidentale aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles". Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H103.
Texto completoThe first part of thesis analyses the sources of instruction of comportment during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. They are limited to the sources of the saint empire, of Italy, Spain, France and England, in addition to documents written in vulgat language, French and Provencal, to testimonies, chronic, memory of contemporaries, as well as material support : manuscripts and libraries. If chronological evolution of this sort of instruction was little sensitive through those centuries, it is possible to verify that - on the contrary - regional traditions were well marked and sometimes visible within the Latin tradition. The second part studies more precisely the instruction of comportment in four directions : vocabulary, protagonists, biology, and pedegogy. The vocabulary confirms the existence of regional traditions and precises the social concern of the authors : integration of young people to the upper stratums, concern confirmed in turn through the study of protagonists. Pedagogy shows an informal teaching taking place in the form of readings, advises, mimic, experience. Conclusion separates interpretation, social, ideological and chronological problems from the final results in which the author groups sixteen affirmations, not only more punctual, but more certain aswell
Thiellet, Claire. "Sainteté féminine, sainteté royale dans le haut Moyen Age occidental (Ve-XIe siècles)". Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040090.
Texto completoLagane, Cécile. "Les meubles et l'ameublement en Europe occidentale du VIe au XIIIe siècle : archéologie, iconographie, textes". Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN1012.
Texto completoThis work is a pluridisciplinary study of archaeological artefacts, images and texts on the subject of furniture in Western Europe from the 6th to the 13th c. It deals with the technical aspects of furniture making, such as wood species, their origins and means of joining the different parts of a piece of furniture, as well as a more sociological approach related to its use and specificities during the Middle Ages. This latter notion concerns the everyday use of furniture as well as more remarquable ones, including in funerary context or regarding the symbolic role it can hold. Local particularisms and chronological evolutions are taken into account and developped
Porte, Patrick. "Le domaine rural de Larina de l'Antiquité tardive au Haut Moyen-âge : (Hières-sur-Amby, Isère)". Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10049.
Texto completoGuénolé, Agnès. "Les peuples païens et l'expansion des états chrétiens au nord-est de l'Europe : discours et politique (fin Xe - début XIVe siècle)". Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT5029.
Texto completoThe movements of German and Scandinavian expansion in the East of Europe are studied with a corpus of chronicles and histories, as well as hagiographic, liturgical and diplomatic texts between the end of 10th. Century and the beginning of 14th. C. The aim of the conversion of pagans often determined the dominion of natives and the control of new territories. The study is confined in particular to Slavic regions (Mecklenburg, Pomerania), to the territory of the Finn (Finland), and to Prussia and Lithuania. The progression of the Christian West took various forms and involved a competition in the general movement itself. We explain the part playing by the Empire and the German Order as well as by the Christian kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden. The ideological context of crusades in Latin East influenced the actors of the offensive in the Baltic region; these, but only some of them, developed an ideology which was drawing from the holy war, a war which was sanctifying men. These protagonists strengthened, in particular cases of the expansion, the theory of the Defense of the faith for which the threat of pagans was amplified. We wonder about the understanding of this military history, and about the place of heathen and neophyte peoples in Christian thought. The confrontation had a cultural dimension too. The coexistence in Baltic space of the very heterogeneous peoples in a long time had left its imprint. The writing of Christian history was changed. Henceforth, the narrative about pagans, when these were becoming definitively converts, the narrative of the end of a world, was integrated as well in History
Duceppe-Lamarre, François. "L'homme et la nature au Moyen Âge : naissance de l'écologie en Europe occidentale (Xe-XVIe siècles) : étude d'archéologie du paysage des milieux forestiers des comtés médiévaux d'Artois, d'Avesnes, de Flandre et d'Hainaut". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010678.
Texto completoThough the word of ecology appears with its creator in 1866, man's relations with nature are older than that. It is in this sense that we have to understand the study of the environmental sensibility during the medieval period. Forested environment have been chosen for its biological diversity in the case of a landscape archeological research. Its geographical limits correspond to those of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, along with some inroads in the french region of Somme, Belgium and Netherlands countries, so mainly the medieval countries of Artois, Avesnois, Flandre and Hainaut. Problematic is double. First, it consists to treat the forested environment under the point of view of landscape archeology, but renewed by ecological considerations. After a valuation of its archeological characteristics, and only after, could be treated the question of management diversity, so, the plausibility of the birth of a medieval ecology. This one grows at the end of the medieval deforestation movement, elaborates itself mainly during the 13th and 14th centuries, through a succession of reflexions and managements of the abiotic and biotic components of the forested environment. Answering accurate situations, and so varying. With the time factor, medieval empirical ecology comes to light clearly at this moment for the cultural and natural heritage of Western Europe
Coumert, Magali. "Les récits d'origine des peuples dans le haut Moyen Age occidental (milieu VIe - milieu IXe siècle)". Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100133.
Texto completoThis work refutes the hypothesis of a core of ethnic traditions that could be read in the origin accounts written in the early middle ages. Instead of ethnic traditions, it shows how these accounts reflected antic ethnography. They took from its learned works the descriptions of the origin places they present, Troy, Scandia or Scythia, as the symbolic events that gradually allowed each people to settle down in the roman empire. Each origin account could be, and was, rewritten and changed to illustrate a new political context. They presented so a changing identity for each people, open to any modification for the present times
Dahhaoui, Yann. "L'évêque des Innocents dans l'Europe médiévale (XIIe-XVe siècle)". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010583.
Texto completoMenjot, Denis. "Murcie (1243 - milieu XV° siècle) : une ville méditerranéenne périphérique dans la Castille du bas Moyen Age : contribution à l'étude des origines du "problème méridional" en Europe". Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE2007.
Texto completoMurcia is a typpical peripheric city case of christian accident from the economical, social, political and cultural point of view. Its study give us with preciseness limits of its transformation into a "periphery", its modalities and chronology, set the responsabilities, years 1243-1430 present the fundamental military and pioneer phasis of peripheric murcian genesis. Development of the city and its area have been conditioned by gragility of ecological balance, moslem heritage, reconquest rupture, disorder of settlement and calamities of this period. Murcia endures an important chronical deficit in men. It accumulates delays and doesn't resist to dominations. Its agriculture and craft activities show us a recession and a devaluation. Its economy becomes more and more towards self-subsistance and sylvo-pastoral culture. The aristocratic condition of urban knighthood goes together with the oligarchic state of town-charges. The power elite maintains a preferential relation with the state and takes the choice of rent as an ideal
Moukarzel, Pierre. "La ville de Beyrouth et son commerce avec les villes marchandes européennes à l'époque Mamelouke (1291-1516)". Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5016.
Texto completoDuring the Mamluk era, Beirut occupied an important trading place in Syria. A net of trading exchanges was established with the cities of the Syrian coast, but also with Damascus, Egypt, Cyprus and Europe on the other Mediterranean shore. During this period, Beirut was an active harbour of the mamluk sultanate, widely open to the Mediterranean trade, competed with and even overtook the harbour of Alexandria, the main mamluk harbour. The European merchants, Venetians, Genoeses, Catalans, Florentines, Provincials, Anconitans, Ragusans frequented Beirut and settled there for trade. Beirut was one of the main syrian harbours for loading spices and products coming from the far east. From the beginning of the XVth century, because the politic, economic and military conditions in Syria, the European merchant cities turned their business towards Alexandria. Their relations with Beirut were not interrupted but the volume of their trading exchanges became limited and reduced
Grélois, Alexis Jean Manuel. ""Homme et femme il les créa" : l'ordre cistercien et ses religieuses des origines au milieu du XIVe siècle". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040197.
Texto completoEver since the 17th century, historians have been debating when the monastic order of Cîteaux began to include nuns, and whether it did so willingly or not. The order was first devised as an association of abbots and monks. However, the white monks had to find a religious status for their female relatives, since conversion was usually a lineage issue. The solutions varied a lot, especially with the different areas of the Western World. Even Bernard of Clairvaux did supervise nunneries and promoted a model of monastic life so attractive that hundreds of nunneries entered the cistercian order from 1200 on. The general chapter tried to strengthen the abbots' control over the nuns, to the detriment of the abbesses and of their own filiation system. The paternity over the nunneries was centralized by Cîteaux and Clairvaux. Around 1300, while the order had lost most of its original features, its institutions were in a perfect state
Bellanger, Christine. "L' iconographie du Christ aux Outrages en Occident chrétien à la fin du Moyen âge 1220-1534". Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010642.
Texto completoGrenier-Francart-Lougée, Christine. "La christianisation de la Britannia des origines au VIIe siècle". Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120069.
Texto completoLeroy, Judith. "La représentation de l'espace sacré dans la peinture sur panneau en Occident (Italie exceptée) à la fin du Moyen Age (1350-1530)". Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100109.
Texto completoThe representation of the sacred space is the representation of an open or closed space, which formal vocabulary is related to the religious architecture. This iconographical fact stands out in the occidental painting (Italy excepted) around the "Virgin in the church" of Jan van Eyck (Berlin, Gemäldegalerie), dated circa 1430. This study is organized in three parts. The two first are chronological : before 1430, the time of "genesis" during which the roots of the representation of secred space is studied, then after 1430, with the study of the typology of the formal vocabulary of the representation of the sacred space and the question of the models of theses pictures. The last time of the thesis process with what these representations can tell about the spirituality of the late middle ages. It appears that they are some kind of illustrated guide of the spirituality and the institutionnal religion of the time
Laget, Frédérique. "La perception de la mer dans l'Europe du Nord-Ouest à la fin du Moyen Age (XIIIe-XVe siècles)". Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3018.
Texto completoThis dissertation aims at analysing the representations and conceptions of the sea in North-Western Europe. It mainly focuses on areas stretching along the Channel, the North Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean, during the transitional period between Central Middle Ages and Modern Times. The study firstly considers scholarly perspectives over the sea. Generally speaking, scholars only knew it through ancient sciences and the Scriptures. They were mainly interested in the movement of waves, nautical practices and the mysteries of the deep sea. In spite of knowledge advances at the time, the sea was still conceived of as a periphery of the world). Secondly, the emphasis will be laid on those living by the sea and their perception of it. From their point of view, the coastal environment was characterized by both the danger of flood and the opportunity of getting extra resources. Finally, the sailors’ standpoints will be examined. To them, the sea was an open space where time was somehow dilated. As far as the European sovereigns were concerned, they gradually regarded the sea as a connecting route. At the very end) of the Middle Ages, not only was the sea considered as useful, but also as necessary. Thus, what may be called a mental appropriation of the sea progressively took place in the 13th-15th century period, eventually leading to the crossing of the Ocean and the huge fleets of the modern period
Russon, Marc. "La façade océanique du royaume de France et les pouvoirs : (XIIIème-XVème siècle)". Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20027.
Texto completoThe oceanfront of the French kingdom at the end of the Middle-ages is, to a certain extent, the reflection of the political and territorial assortment in which it eventually settled. An assemblage of ill-assorted estates and political structures which were uneven and changeable in the 13th century, it nevertheless got organized along the increasingly busy and attractive maritime route that ran alongside it, linking its various parts. This whole territory underwent the influence and sustained the various rival ambitions of the bordering states and those present on the coast : England, Castile, Brittany, Flanders or the French Crown. The oceanfront also built itself through violence and the recurring conflict between France and England. The war at sea and its mishaps, privateering and sundry acts of piracy hastened the assertion of the strongest political powers thanks to the struggle against insecurity and the threats from the open sea. If each of them developed often similar institutions because of interwoven influences, at times in a brilliant and innovative manner, the French Royal State alone eventually got the upper hand in the 15th century, finally getting rid of its rivals, imposing a maritime order and policy that it had managed to promote and enforce with more persistence, means and willpower than it has generally been said. In the process, Brittany lost its comparative ndependence and Flanders alone escaped the King's power, only to submit to a new master. The towns, the population, the lords of the coast and the seafaring men were both the stakes and actors of this crucial evolution
Gleize, Yves. "Gestion de corps, gestion de morts : analyse archéo-anthropologique de réutilisations de tombes et de manipulations d'ossements en contexte funéraire au début du Moyen Age (entre Loire et Garonne, Ve-VIIIe siècle)". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13308.
Texto completoBerhili, Magide. "Largesse princière et groupe aristocratique : idéologies et pratiques en France, Bourgogne et Angleterre à la fin du Moyen âge". Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30026.
Texto completoIn France, in Burgundy and in England at the end of the Middle Ages, the princes prove to be generous in a structural way, almost by vocation. The aristocratic group is a privilegied beneficiary of their largesses. Liberality, puissamment anchored in a system of values, gives rise to the organization of a speech of ideological type. Maintining various comprehensions, mirrors of the princes, chivalric literature, chronicles, poems multiply advice and adressed recommendations of largesse to the princes. Avarice looks absolute burin, extravagance is stigmatized. On course for Largesse, often, the noble men must not be forgotten. Accounts and letters of gifts show that the noble group really received numerous gifts. Aristocracy, heterogeneous and divided group, appears in all its diversity. Gifts for service returned, by assistance, by friendship, during holidays, are a currency. In the circulation of given property, money enjoys an incontestable primacy, without being exclusive. At the same time, princely gifts are also the instrument of a domination. They are a system which shows a political building founded on the research of interest, attraction of material property, authority, prestige. Objectives followed by the prince by the prince and the nobility, two transactors in the gift-relationship, can diverge , or even be antipathetic. The cohesion of the model of largesse, the realization of he liberalities are still put in evil by difficult financial contexts, by institutions as the court or the princely administration. In the political field, the princes are then called to clear themselves, to rationalize their liberality. However, these disadvantages did not remove the link of largesse, either in facts, or in presentations. It enjoys a special longevity
Péricard-Méa, Denise. "Le culte de saint Jacques : pèlerins de Compostelle et pèlerinages en France à la fin du Moyen Age". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010503.
Texto completoThis study - conducted over the period of time from 12th to 15th century - has led to the statement that French pilgrims were not as numerous as was originally believed. That the galician shrine occupied such a large place in the minds of the kings and knights of the time, each of them aspiring to identify either with charlemange or with roland and his companions, was a result of the success of the turpin chronicle. It was by rushinh upon pierre le cruel or the english taht the knights accomphished their pilgrimage, or alternatively through a passage of arms, a dramatization of the same theme. As for ordinary pilgrims, the literature may leed us to believe there were milions of them, but in actual fact they numbered only a few hundred, dotted along the road of time. Pilgrims crowds did exist however, and could be met with on the roads leading to the many shrines dedicated to Saint James, who was both one and many and was woven into many legends, most of which had been imported from the orient at the times of the crusades ans reshaped by chivalrous and popular imagination. The importance of these local shrines which held Saint James's relics, or even his body, can be attested to by the political stakes which they representated at times, and by the hospital and hospitable structures as well as brotherhoods they generated
Losowska-Kolenda, Hanna. "Pile romane et son importance dans la formation du pilier gothique". Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040143.
Texto completoThe research of the origin of the Romanesque compound pier in the antique architecture. The advent and evolution of the articular pillar. The first examples to the seen in Orient and Occident before the year one thousand. The compound pier in occident architecture in the first half of the eleventh century: the importance of catalane architecture; the first examples of the compound support appeared in the Italian, German empire and French monuments. The extension and variants of the Romanesque pier in the monuments erected after the middle of the eleventh century. The aspect of the pier in the beginning of gothic architecture ; their connections with the rib vault ; the new technique facing a structure which was still Romanesque during the first half of the twelfth century in the Île-de-France region. The evolution of the gothic pillar during the second half of the twelfth century in the north of France. The researches and experiences previous to the construction of Chartres cathedral in France and other western countries. The evolution of the gothic pillar in thirteenth century French constructions and in architecture of other foreign countries. The role of technical progress and graphical values in the development of the gothic support and importance of the Romanesque roots in the origin of gothic art
Leclercq, Eveline. "L'élaboration des chartes médiévales : l'exemple des évêchés d'Arras, Cambrai et Liège (XIe-XIIe siècles)". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG019.
Texto completoThe production process of charters has often demanded the attention of medievalists in the past. Questions related to the writing, the composing and eventually the identity of the individuals who produced these texts have led to a myriad of methods. This research explores the available methodology for diplomatists, via the analysis of the episcopal charters coming from the dioceses of Liège, Arras and Cambrai - a type of charter deserving of more attention. The development of digital techniques, in particular, have been considered and tested, specifically the computer programme GIWIS and procedures used in the field of stylometry, without losing touch with the analogue methods. Finally, this dissertation takes the study of the names present in our charters in consideration, in an attempt at identifying the individuals who were active in the production of these episcopal charters
Morel, Charlene. "Des Hommes et des Lœss : modélisation des stratégies d’implantation agricole en Europe tempérée du Néolithique au Moyen âge". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAG036.
Texto completoThis thesis’ guiding questions were “did the communities from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages choose strategically where to settle in the loessic landscapes?” and “how can we prove that such strategies existed?”. To answer them, we chose three areas within the European loess belt: Sussex (UK), the Kochersberg plateau (Alsace, France) and the Kladno district (Bohemia, Czech Republic). Then, we built a spatial geoarchaeological modelling to consider both the archaeological biases (post-depositional sedimentary process and state of archaeological research) and the potential attractivity of a given area regarding the fertility and the nearest watercourse. Pooling these parameters together offers a result that we propose to interpret both geographically and statically to answer our main problematics
Bondue, Didier. "De Servus à Sclavus : l’évolution des conditions serviles en Europe occidentale continentale (371-918)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040256.
Texto completoThe question concerning the evolution of servile conditions from the end of the Early-Empire until the 10th century has aroused since the second half of the 19th century a proliferation of contrasting positions in terms of ideology, chronology and vocabulary.Attempts to provide an answer to this immense problem first emerged from the historical school at the end of the 19th century, followed by some new ideas contributed by Marc Bloch and summarized in an essay by Charles Verlinden.The neo-Marxist perspective, the fiscalist school, German historians, and one or two isolated and regional positions, like those of Paul Veyne, have fuelled the debate ever since.The mere term “slave” does not do justice to the reality of such a phenomenon.The chronological framework, 371-918, expresses this paradox through two events: the first, the decree by Valentinian I generalising the grounding of Illyricum peasants, and the second, the first reference to the term “sclavus‖ in a Conrad I diploma in 918.And so, up until the rise of the Carolingiens, the Romano-barbarian period would seem to maintain a Roman conception of subjugation, nourished all the same by the contribution of some Barbaric practices and the earliest signs of action on the part of the Church.Beyond this, the foundations of the transformation towards servitude are fortified thanks to the growing role of a stabilised political contextThus, in the 10th century, the subjugated man differs from his 9th century counterpart. He has become a peasant living off his own assets on a land belonging to the king, the Church or the nobility
Berard, Emilie. "L’armure du XIIIe au XVIIe siècle en Europe : une approche matérielle. Production, nature et circulation du métal". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG0986.
Texto completoThe project focuses on a specific object: armor. Between the 13th and early 17th centuries, war practices have undergone major changes, both on the technological level, as well as the organizational one. Accordingly, defensives arms were adapted to the new needs in order to protect their owners. Armor was also in some cases a mark of social distinction. Thus, at the end of the Middle Ages, armor was both an object for everyday military use, massively produced, and a luxury attire. Its fabrication was dominated by several prestigious European centers of production like Milan and Nuremberg and required specific technical skills to shape the metal.In order to shed light on some of the techniques and ancient skills, along with the circulation and exchanges in the European space, this project addresses the study of armor through its materiality, by implementing an archeometallurgical approach. A specific corpus of over a hundred artefacts was collected, characteristic of the evolution of the defensive equipment of the fighters but also of the great European centers of production. Physicochemical analysis of the metal can decipher its nature and reveal the technical skills of the craftsmen. Non metallic phases analysis has allowed to test hypotheses on the provenance of the materials employed.Overall, the results showed the use of alloys of varying nature, sometimes highly heterogeneous, to realize the plates of armor. However, on average the metal employed has a hardness close to a homogeneous steel with 0.4-0.5% carbon. Hardened alloys of high hardness remain very minor in the studied corpus. Specificities were nevertheless noted, such as the use of a specific material, combining several sheets of metal with different properties that could offer better defensive properties. The information acquired also allowed to study the workshop practices implemented by the armorers, whether for the manufacture of a complete set of armor, the mass production of "serial" pieces, or those originating from the same workshop. The results relating to the nature and hammering of the metal have led us to question the exact nature of the intervention of the master armorer who signed the artefact and the significance of the signature of a workshop
Prouteau, Nicolas. "Bâtisseurs, ingénieurs et fortifications au temps des Croisades : contribution à l'étude des échanges entre Orient et Occident (XIIe-XIIIe siècles)". Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20078.
Texto completoThis research focus on the rule played by architects and engineers in the circulation of techniques and armaments throughout the Mediterranean Sea during the Crusades. Various comparisons with Western context are proposed in order to provide new perspectives on the interchangings process and networks. Firstly, the functions and socio-economic status of Western, Frankish or Arabic technicians are described. Building and siege technics are thorougly described in a second part. Thirdly, the thesis insists on the mecanisms of borrowings and acculturation. Kings and sultans retained specialised prisonners and recruited engineers-mercenaries. They considered defence-exhibition and mechanical knowledge as keystones of their fortress-policies. Fortification in the age of the Crusades became rapidly a workshop of innovations and the witness of a complex canvas of technical interchangings between East and West
Vincenot, Quentin. "La Gueule et la Peau : le loup-garou médiéval en France et en Europe". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20062/document.
Texto completoAround the year 1000 AD, the word Werwolf ceased to be used as an antroponym to describe a man-wolf. Shortly afterwards, the French word garou appeared. The Middle Ages, then, constituted a turning point in the history of this monster. While werewolves had obviously existed prior to these early references, they have prompted me to enquire as to whether the generalisation of textual naming had participated in the development of a common definition of the monster which transcended the diversity of its representations. Did the recording in pen and ink of a name which had surely existed previously in the oral tradition contribute to the elaboration of the werewolf myth ? Relying on comparatism, literature and cultural studies, this thesis first seeks to explore the specificities of mediaeval werewolf literature, in which the figure of the werewolf seems to be exclusively gendered as male. Second, while recognising the incarnations of the blood-thirsty monster as problematic and unstable, this work adopts a diachronic perspective in order to reveal the commonality which underlies the multiplicity of werewolf figures
Barabino, Victor. "Des guerriers d’Odin aux chevaliers du Christ : la relation combattant/divinité au prisme de la christianisation dans la diaspora scandinave médiévale, IXe-XIVe siècle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC027.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to study the representations of the relationship between fighters and their gods within the Scandinavian diaspora at the time of the official adoption of Christianity by the emerging Scandinavian monarchies. It examines the transition from a polytheistic to a Christian framework in these representations, in the light of Scandinavian and non-Scandinavian textual sources, as well as archaeological evidence. The study first looks at the representation of the conversion of fighters to Christianity, to show how warriors and warlords gradually made their martial activities part of a devotion to the Christian god. The thesis then examines the various categories of deity with which warriors developed a relationship, whether they be male deities, female deities, or intermediary supernatural figures (heroes, saints). Finally, the interactions between the fighters and the gods that take place directly on the battlefield are studied, from the point of view of the materiality of combat, its proceedings, and its eschatological outcome. By focusing on the cultural transfers that took place within the Scandinavian diaspora, this thesis suggests that the change of religion profoundly altered the relationship that fighters had with the sphere of the divine, leading to the emergence in Scandinavia of the idea of a war waged in the name of God
Collard, Franck. "Recherches sur l'historiographie française à la fin du Moyen Âge : le "Compendium de origine et gestis francorum" de Robert Gaguin". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010546.
Texto completoEntitled Compendium de origine et gestis francorum, the first history of france printed in latin and extending from the origins to the author's era was published in Paris in 1945. Written by the general minister of trinitarians and doctor of decree robert Gaguin (1433-1501), it intended to be the account of the glorious past of france and its kings according to the humanist methods which were in use in italy at the time. Deeply involved in the parisian and european humanism, impregnated with an ardent national feeling, Gaguin, despite a lack of support from the french monarchs, succeeded in seeing through a historiographical work made easier by the nascent printing and especially backed up with very traditionnal soutces, among which the grandes chroniques de france and the chronique scandaleuse are to be noticed. Shortening and combining the sources he used, he devoted most of his efforts to the writing of a short polished text. Anxious to produce a truthful tale which would inform his compatriots and convince foreigners - english and italian mostly - of the greatness of the kingdom and of the french culture, he agreed to question a few national myths so as to exalt the superiority of the french, their land and their souvereigns, while judging the society of the time with clerical sterness. Less innovating in its content than in its form, Gaguin's history of france was a great success among french and foreign readers, whether they were learned or merely curious
Kaupová, Sylva. "Bioarchaeology of the medieval population of central Europe : relationships among health status, social context and nutrition". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0198/document.
Texto completoIn this study carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic values were measured in a sample of 189 adult individuals of both sexes and 74 animals representing different socio-economic contexts (power centers versus the hinterlands) and chronology: the Great Moravian (9th -10th century AD) versus late Hillfort (11th century AD) period. A sample of 41 sub-adults aged 0–6 years was also selected for isotopic analyses.Isotopic data of the adult sample showed that the Great Moravian population had a terrestrial diet with a substantial proportion of C4 plants. Dietary analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the consumption of animal protein between power centers and the hinterlands. Diachronic changes in the diet were observed: the diet of the 11th century sample was characterized by higher consumption of C4 plants.For sub-adults, the isotopic results suggested there was not solely one established norm for the duration of breastfeeding in the Great Moravian population. These results confirmed that Great Moravia represented a highly stratified society socio-economically. The diachronic change in dietary behavior suggested that even after the apparent recovery in the 11th century, Moravian society did not reach its original level of welfare. The quality of diet significantly influenced dental health in the Great Moravian population sample
Jullien, Christelle y Florence Jullien. "Apôtres des confins : processus missionnaires chrétiens dans l'empire iranien, histoire et tradition". Paris, EPHE, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPHEA008.
Texto completoThiesset, Ménager Céline. "Sainte Hélène dans le haut Moyen Âge : culte, mémoire et dossier hagiographique". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040190.
Texto completoOur study focuses on the development of the cult of Helena in the Carolingian period. If the end of antiquity and the time of the barbarian kingdoms kept the memory of the mother of Constantine, particularly in the political sphere, the development of her legend was progressive, it went through several versions, sometimes contradictory and the Empress received no worship before the second half of the ninth century. Although the city of Rome remembered the benefits and constructions of the saint, her cult wasn’t founded there but in Champagne. The point is to study how the Carolingian period was therefore a particularly favorable time to rediscover this pious woman, and her vicinity with power. Publishing the hagiographical works produced at that time in Champagne by the monk Almannus of Hautvillers is the starting point of our research since that text appears central to the spread of this new cult. It also summarizes all the issues that revolve around the character. For the reasons to mention Helena are numerous: worshipping the Cross, modeling feminine holiness, defining the imperial power, practicing queenship, questioning the authentication of relics and their displacement, seeking legitimacy or primacy. Worshipping Helena is thus reinterpreted according to the needs of the regions that appropriate her, in Trier, in Cologne or in England
Ottenwelter, Estelle. "Early Medieval elite jewellery from Great Moravia and Bohemia : manufacturing processes, construction, materials and condition". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU20058.
Texto completoAt the beginning of the 9th century, in central Europe, unparalleled lavish pieces of jewellery appear in elite graves from Great Moravia, the first Slavic pre-dominion, in incredible amount and variety. The detailed technological investigation of these jewels performed in this thesis, permitted a better understanding of these objects. This investigation showed that these jewels are very complex, multi-component artefacts, which demanded the fabrication and joining of numerous components as well as very sophisticated techniques of decoration, such as granulation, filigree work, chasing, and gilding. It brought useful additional elements in comparison to the classical typological and thematical approaches. Thus, the choice of material, the different steps of fabrication, the decorative techniques, construction pattern, the size of different constitutive and decorative components assembled, tool marks, and the quality of realization are all very valuable archaeological markers, which were used to identify production from specific workshops, the transfer of technology, probable imports, and influences. In addition, the study revealed that different precious materials (gold, silver, and gilded copper) of variable purity were used in the production of the jewellery and that the compositions of the alloys varied between the different regions and over the course of time. It also evidenced that fine jewels produced by highly skilled and knowledgeable jewellers coexisted with more coarsely manufactured imitations produced by less experienced craftsmen, which reveals a process of new technology acquisition likely initiated by the arrival of specialized jewellers to both Moravia and Bohemia
Hyacinthe, Rafaël. "L'ordre de saint-lazare de jerusalem en occident histoire : iconographie, archeologie". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010508.
Texto completoCabanillas, de la Torre Gadea. "Arts et sociétés celtiques du second âge du Fer en Europe occidentale : la céramique à décor estampé". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010619.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is to analyse the decorative systems of the main stamped pottery production areas in western Europe in order to investigate the factors explaining its simultaneous adoption in several distant regions. The first part of the thesis consists of an analysis of Iron Age stamped decoration in the Armorican peninsula, the Middle Rhine and the south and north-western Iberian Peninsula. Regional inventories and typochronologies of the decorations are presented. The inclusion of context studies and the use of statistical analyses bring new insights to the body of work which has previously engaged with this subject. In the second part, the data are interpreted in order to put forward hypotheses on the distribution, evolution and social function of stamped decoration. The comparison of decorative elements and structures, pottery shapes and practical functions of stamped items in each region suggests three axes of coherence: Atlantic, Continental and Iberian. Stamped styles are interpreted as regional systems connected to multipolar networks reaching far beyond the study area. Their evolution is linked to social changes visible through other material evidence - settlement patterns, funerary customs, other art items – between the 5th and 2nd c. BC. Between codification and variability, stamped decorations owe their success to their inclusion in networks where each object references and stands for its users’ overlapping social identifications
El objetivo de la tesis es analizar los principales focos de creación de cerámica estampillada de Europa occidental en la Edad del Hierro. El trabajo se centra en el estudio de las cuatro zonas donde la densidad de hallazgos es más importante: el Suroeste y el Noroeste de la Península Ibérica, la península armoricana y el valle medio del Rin. El estudio incluye los recipientes cerámicos decorados mediante impresión por estampillas entre mediados del s. V y finales del s. II a. C. Este tipo de hallazgos aparecen prácticamente en toda Europa en este período, siendo los focos más importantes los estudiados en este trabajo, junto con Bohemia y Moravia y el valle medio del Danubio en la actual Baviera. La elección de las cuatro zonas de estudio, por tanto, responde a la importancia cuantitativa y la variedad cualitativa de los conjuntos de cerámica estampillada que de ellas proceden, que las convierten en representativas del fenómeno y su variabilidad geográfica y cronológica. Las cuestiones planteadas por estas observaciones sirven de hilo conductor del trabajo: - La discontinuidad geográfica de los focos de producción de cerámica estampillada sugiere la posibilidad tanto de desarrolos independientes convergentes como de contactos entre las diferentes zonas. Este problema justifica la dimensión a la vez regional y continental del análisis. - La utilización de esta técnica durante prácticamente toda la Segunda Edad del Hierro requiere una revisión de los datos que permita establecer cronologías precisas y sincronías entre las diferentes áreas. - La elección estética y técnica del estampillado como medio de expresión artística distingue a algunas regiones del Occidente europeo. ¿Qué factores técnicos, estéticos y sociales pudieron influir en esta preferencia? Esta pregunta implica plantear la cuestión de la multiplicidad del “arte celta”. El estampillado sobre cerámica se aborda, por lo tanto, como técnica artística. Su desarrollo en la Edad del Hierro europea se encuadra en el denominado “arte celta” en la medida en que todas las zonas pertenecen a dicha familia lingüística y cultural. Sin embargo, la inclusión del mundo de La Tène y de la Península Ibérica plantea preguntas sobre esta categoría. Adoptando una definición del arte como una categoría funcional, el estudio de la función social del estilo estampillado debe permitir aclarar esta y otras cuestiones
Dumargne, Anne-Clothilde. "Les chandeliers en bronze, en cuivre et laiton en Europe du XIIIe au XVIIe siècle. Production, diffusion et usages". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV016.
Texto completoThis work focuses, from an interdisciplinary perspective, on bronze, copper and brass candlesticks produced in Europe between the 13th and the 17th century. These objects have been neglected since the end of the 19th century and abandoned to the despised field of minor and popular arts. Since that time, they have never been considered as a real research topic. Since these ordinary objects are anepigraphic and because of the impossibility to attribute them to specific workshops, the research have been reduced to stylistic and typological issues.This study aims at overcoming the traditional approach that confines research into aporetic considerations. It mobilized several types of sources – written ones, archaeological ones, iconographic ones and analytical ones – to study candlesticks in context. They contributed to describe and analyze the life course of an ordinary utensil in medieval and modern societies in both secular and religious contexts. This is why the historicization of candlesticks is here built on materiality.This work focuses on metallurgical production, on copper alloys craftsmen, on the composition of alloys, on the diffusion of candlesticks in society and on practical, cultural, symbolic and devotional uses. The discussion also points out that this methodology helps to understand how the different types of sources, because they concern different social groups, different contexts, different protagonists and different lexical realities, influence how these objects were perceived
Garcin, Virginie. "Bioarchéologie des sujets immatures de quatre nécropoles du haut Moyen Âge européen : méthodes d'étude du développement et des interactions biologie/culture". Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476890.
Texto completoAllingri, Matthieu. "Le métier de notaire en Europe méridionale à la fin du Moyen Âge : Étude comparée de deux modèles régionaux (Italie communale, pays catalans, v. 1280-1420)". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20125.
Texto completoThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is to study the professional activity of notaries in southern Europe at the end of the Middle Ages in its multiple dimensions (private acts, judicial, administrative activity, etc.), its cultural foundations, its material organization and its links with political and legal structures, and in the many functions it assumed according to context and society. The evolution of the profession from the 14th century onwards is indeed not well known, even in Italy where it has often been studied, but mainly in earlier periods, even as sources are much more abundant and precise and allow to grasp slight differences within the profession.The innovative purpose of this work is to relate the shapings and functions of the profession of notary indifferent political and cultural unities, in which they have been comprehended in a different manner through a very compartmentalized regional historiography. Communal Italy and Catalan countries saw the emergence of the two most important models of southern notary work, with original features, rather homogeneous, yet with slight differences, and with a large territorial influence. The purpose here is to parallel the characteristics of notary work and its evolution in both regions through a detailed study of first-hand documentation, focusing on the regions of Sienna and Girona, and a bibliographic study on a larger regional scale. This work is much more than a juxtaposition of cases given that it is based on cross-interrogations of fields and problematics brought about by the study of notarial activity, which in return sheds light on regional characteristics. Mostly, beyond the study of a professional group, it aims at situating the slight evolutions of its activities in relation to broader political, cultural and economic evolutions in the course of the 14th century
Bartholeyns, Gil. "Naissance d'une culture des apparences : le vêtement en Occident, XIIIe-XIVe siècle". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210550.
Texto completoLe développement s’attache au changement radical d’attitudes à l’égard du vêtement dans les communautés chrétiennes du Bas-Empire romain du IIe au IVe siècle ;à l’institutionnalisation des apparences chrétiennes au haut Moyen Age ;à la métaphore du vêtement comme grande figure explicative des mythes chrétiens ;au statut anthropologique du vêtement dans la pensée et les pratiques médiévales ;à l’histoire de la valeur de l’objet technique et corporel ;aux modèles de consommation des biens de luxe ;au gouvernement politique par les apparences à la fin du Moyen Âge ;aux causes de la transformation des formes du vêtement jusqu’à la naissance du phénomène de mode. Toutes les sources (théologie, littérature populaire, comptabilité, archives judiciaires, images) sont convoquées, parfois de manière quantitative. Lorsque c’est possible le raisonnement procède par inversion :mettre en lumière des situations ponctuelles par l’arrière-plan normatif ou affectif, comprendre les phénomènes de longue durée ou les contradictions internes à une société au moyen de cas précis (une controverse, par exemple). Une expérience de description « intégrée » du récit historique est donc tentée, séparant le moins possible les « univers » (le social, l’économique, le symbolique, l’esthétique…) qui forment d’un seul tenant une culture. Si l’on souhaite faire une histoire du vêtement médiéval, il n’est pas dit que les moments, les pratiques ou les auteurs interrogés appartiennent à ce que l’on appelle couramment le Moyen Âge.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished