Tesis sobre el tema "Évaluation du risque technologique"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Évaluation du risque technologique".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Obertelli, Patrick. "Attitudes et conduites face aux risques : deux études en milieu technologique nucléaire et en milieu technologique classique". Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100084.
Texto completoThe current research deals with the risks of workers in the industrial plants. This research is organised around two sets of questions: - How far can a person's experiences organise or disrupt his rationality in the face of risk? Particularly, what abotu the methods of organizing his thoughts which at first seem inappropriate to the situations he encounters? Does the nature of organisational and technological structures have an influence on these attitudes and conduct and if so, in what way? Are there any noticeable constants independant of these contexts? Two studies have been carried out, one by means of questionnaires, the other through interviews. The results are structured around four major conclusions. They emphasize: 1- The existence of certain norms of risk acceptance within work-teams. 2- The necessity of a psychoemotional balance in the face of risk. The relations of individuals to their work-team and their organisation are equally examined. The phenomena of the distorsion of the perception of reality are also considered. 3- The existence of the polarisation of mental focus under time pressures. 4- The characteristics of the relationship to knowledge in a sophisticated technological universe
Nikolova, Vénéta. "La notion d’opportunité technologique : Analyse théorique et empirique". Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090005.
Texto completoCorporate innovation asks some major questions about the technological opportunity concept’s measurement. The goal of this thesis is to theoretically analyse the criteria of this opportunity’s revelation and exploitation criteria (technological waves, S-curve, Gartner’s Hype Curve), then test this approach within the software industry. First, by the means of a case study on 3 French technological firms, we prove that each criterion has a limited reach. Also, we state the evidence of a relationship between R&D, technological cycles and financial markets, via an analysis of aggregated changes of R&D expenses (measuring the number of opportunities) and market capitalisation for a sample of 438 software companies from 17 countries between 1994 and 2005. Then we conclude, via a correlation analysis on 3 software vendors but also on our previous sample, that expensed R&D costs and stock price move in a parallel manner rather than with delayed effects
Propeck-Zimmermann, Éliane. "Risque technologique majeur : conditions de production et rôle des outils cartographiques dans le processus d'identification et de gestion". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR10013.
Texto completoCartography is a fundamental tool for the comprehension of major technological hazards. By comparing the two main methods of determination of hazards zones - the French deterministic and the Dutch probabilistic one - this thesis is highlighting the roll of the map as a medium of the prevention process and management of major technological hazards ; it is also stretching out the relation between scientific objectivity and actors. In order to facilitate the decision making, the constitution of a spatial data base combined with the computer aided cartography is proposed as the first step for the elaboration of new maps, and as a learning process for all the actors involved in the reading of these maps. As a conclusion, the combination of spatial data base and of geographical information system is suggested
Chahmi, Tarek. "Évaluation des risques de projets de transfert technologique international". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2005. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1450/1/000125819.pdf.
Texto completoPlot, Emmanuel. "Nature humaine et maîtrise des risques majeurs : Proposition d'une grille d'analyse et de management des établissements industriels". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040023.
Texto completoFor ethical, but also economic, political and social reasons, managers are interested in and responsible for managing major risk control organisations which their industry weigh upon people and their environments. Unfortunately, the deficiencies of these organisations are numerous. Human error (in its large sense) is considered the domninant cause of accidents (Three Misle Island, Chernobyl, Seveso, Bhopal,. . . -AZF?-). To help, invite or compel them to improve this situation, methods, norms and laws have been developed in the past twenty years. Their usefulness is indisputable. But they are insufficient. They do not the management of human efficiency. They are based upon a narrow vision of man and his organisations. Modestly, this research proposes a solution through the development of a new grid for analysing and managing the major risk control. The guiding hypothesis is founded upon a conception of human nature borrowed from J. Baechler : "the human realm is written in a language which we can qualify as strategic because the two basic terms are problem/solution". This research demonstrates the necessity of this hypothesis and how the entirety of the analytical grid lows from it. The challenge is to succeed in discovering the lingual code of major risk control organisations. If we succeed, we give ourselves the means of rendering intelligible their historical events, and of identifying factors of good and bad organisational practices, those which are not favorable to the origin of errors and those which are
Lieval, Cecile. "Innovation technologique et risques insaisissables : une territorialisation impossible ?" Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH034.
Texto completoSince the 2000's, the development of nanotechnologies gives rise to oppositions in connection with "new risks" that are only just starting to be defined, together with an ethical questioning, which doesn't prevent the worldwide development of those technologies, in the form of localized poles subject to harsh requirements of competitiveness. Now, those territorial development projects generate conflicts about risks which are difficult to assess on a local scale : what are the consequences on the way the territorial development projects are conducted ? And what about the protest facing elusive risks ? The case of Grenoble allows to study this tension between development projects and a conflict with very local consequences, and the scientific and economic development of those technologies following a worldwide practice. For local actors, how to think out territorial development on a local scale when faced with this radical global uncertainty, in the context of an economical competition that exceeds but compels them ? How is the question of risks and uncertainty, whose "novelty" will have to be questioned, likely to renew or not the process of territorialisation, the control of projetcs, the practices of justification, and the way the actors manage to base anticipation on the rule of reason
Rasse, Gabrièle. "Les plans de prévention des risques technologiques au prisme de la vulnérabilité". Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363570.
Texto completoDuring their creation in 2003 further to the accident of AZF in Toulouse, the plans of technological risks prevention (PPRT) were introduced as juridical tools allowing reducing efficiently the territories vulnerability. Five years later, the question of the contentment of this mission settles. The researches on the notion of vulnerability, illustrated by the results of an inquiry of ground into the concrete application of the first PPRT, is going to show the positive points and the insufficiencies of the juridical answer to the question of the vulnerability of the territories. The first part of this thesis sets out to show beneficial effects procreated by PPRT on the territories. The second part of this thesis compensates this first positive effect showing the insufficiencies of the legal framework given by PPRT
Beck, Elise. "Approche multi-risques en milieu urbain : Le cas des risques sismiques et technologiques dans l'agglomération de Mulhouse (Haut-Rhin)". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/BECK_Elise_2006.pdf.
Texto completoVarious disciplines have focused on risk for many years. For a long time, risk has been analysed mainly through its dangerous component, hazard. It is only in middle of the XXth century that researchers have taken an interest in the study of the vulnerability of exposed elements. Among the multiple studies of risks, only a few of them deal with a multi-risks approach. However, it is necessary to consider risks in a global approach, as the chances of observing “dominos effects” are high. In this research, we develop a multi-risks and integrated approach to study the interactions between seismic and technological risks, considering both the hazard and the vulnerability of the exposed elements. This methodology is then applied to the urban area of Mulhouse (Haut-Rhin, France). The methodology follows two steps: 1: evaluation of hazards, vulnerability and risks, i. E. Evaluation of site effects, characterization of technological hazard by taking into account the cumulative effects of different scenarios, evaluation of physical and functional vulnerability of buildings and vulnerability of people. The objective of the second step is to simulate an important earthquake (MW = 6. 0) in order to identify the potential interactions between both risks. All the data are then integrated into a GIS, which tends to be a decision support system for the authorities in charge of the prevention of risks through urban planning and crisis management. The results show 1/ site effects all over the studied area; 2/ accelerations reaching 0. 25 g in the urban area of Mulhouse, according to a MW = 6. 0 earthquake simulated on the Illfurth fault; 3/ technological hazard affecting half of the studied area; 4/ a low cognitive representation of risks by the population; 5/ potential interactions between seismic and technological risks on one of the two industrial sites; 6/ many potential interactions between technological risks on both sites
Meynet, Jérémy. "La gestion du transport de marchandises dangereuses sur des sites à forte concentration : évaluation des risques liés au stationnement des marchandises dangereuses par l'étude de dangers". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3017.
Texto completoTransportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) is a risk-generating activity due to the intrinsic hazard of the products concerned which may, following an accident in the course of this activity, cause serious effects on the environment, property and people (toxic, thermal effects of overpressure, or pollution).The TDG activity is divided into three phases: transport, handling (loading and unloading) and parking. To reduce the risks generated by the TDG activity, international regulations imposed technical measures (requirements for the construction and use of tanks and packages, approvals of vehicles and containers) and preventive measures (training of stakeholders transportation and handling Dangerous Goods, traffic rules).However this rule, applied in France through the order TGD and its annexes, does not allow for hosting many dangerous goods sites (such as ports, rail yards and motorway areas), to develop specific preventive and technical measures adapted to the local context. Indeed, the operation of a transport infrastructure (such as hosting dangerous goods port) requires its own operating rules to manage traffic of dangerous goods heterogeneous, large and regular (even daily) to reduce the risks associated with the transport, handling, parking and the concentration of hazardous substances on the same site.The hazard study of TDG, imposed by Act No. 2003-699 of 30 July 2003, complemented the existing regulatory tools to help some sites with high concentrations of dangerous goods (as defined by the Decree n ° 2007 - 700 of 3 May 2007) to assess and manage the risks generated by the TDG activity (or "TDG risk").This thesis is therefore part of a clear regulatory framework and is committed to produce scientific knowledge and operational regulations, to implement and test the applicability of a departmental risk analysis methodology (defined by the decree of 18 December 2009) for hosting dangerous goods sites
L'Homme, Patrick. "Risques majeurs et droit des sols : les outils juridiques de la protection des personnes et des biens dans les zones soumises à un risque naturel prévisible ou technologique majeur". Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU2005.
Texto completoBou, Nader Raymond. "Modélisation du management des risques industriels et de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises : Cas des entreprises libanaises". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL2001.
Texto completoThe aim of our thesis is to study the current practice of CSR in the context of the Lebanese industrial companies and to examine the relationship between CSR practices and risk management, using statistical techniques as inferential tests, factor analysis and multiple linear regression models. It is in the latter that the main contribution of this research has been made. This research has made it possible to perceive CSR as more than just a marketing and public relations tool but also a real tool influencing risk in companies. Our research broadens the knowledge base in this field in the Lebanese context, focusing on the management and practices of the company in terms of risk management, in order to better manage the social, environmental, and community based activities by CSR. The results of this study will enable researchers to create a stronger theoretical and empirical basis on which future research on the subject of CSR and risk management through CSR can be developed
Grassaud, Alain. "La formation des personnels dans un milieu industriel à "haut risque technologique" : enquête socianalytique sur les pratiques de tutorat et de compagnonnage dans la formation des rondiers des centrales nucléaires". Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081820.
Texto completoDonguy, Arnaud. "Contribution de l'information géographique aux métiers de l'assurance pour la gestion des événements d'ampleur". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741931.
Texto completoBasso, Olivier. "Modélisation et évaluation des risques d'échec inhérents aux start-up internes". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010067.
Texto completoGuyot, Delmotte Florence. "L' administration et les risques naturels et technologiques". Littoral, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DUNK0244.
Texto completoThe problem posed by the treatment of risk management requires taking into account various issues. The first challenge lies in the support of all actors in defining the acceptable level of risk and the implementation and evaluation of public policy on natural and technological hazards. The second issue concerns the involvement of external partners in the implementation of public policy. The third issue concerns the ability of the administrative organization to manage the public to risks. Therefore, the main interest of this thesis was to highlight the evolution of treatment of risk management. This study found the limits of the system : one administrative territorialization necessary but inadequate, a failure of consistency in prevention, insufficient accountability of various actors, an original scheme, but the fragile. . . The vision proposed by this study is based on the clarification and simplification on the legal framework achieved and efforts still to provide. .
Oladeji, Sunday. "Commerce Nord-Sud et environnement : une approche technologique". Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX24007.
Texto completoBallandras-Rozet, Christelle. "Les techniques conventionnelles de lutte contre les pollutions et les nuisances et de prévention des risques technologiques". Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_rozet_c.pdf.
Texto completoThe fight against pollutions and nuisances as well as the prevention of technological risks are challenges environmental law must tackle. Accounting for the universal dimension of the problems induced, it adapts its traditional tools to enrich them by new techniques. Conventions become the instruments epitomizing this legal change. Their diverse denominations and multiple configurations feed a complexity and a singularity required by the extent of environmental stakes. The systematization ruling their classification improves their legibility. The concept of framework conventions, as it enables to define the different natures of their clauses (contractual, institutional or programming), make them easier to grasp. They are effective techniques which find their place in post-modern Law to impose a flexible and consensual method to environmental actors, be they public or private. They are the expression of a partnership phenomenon in accordance with the rising concept of governance
Ariano, Sara. "Pour une étude géographique du risque : les zones humides : application à l’analyse du delta du Pô". Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040237.
Texto completoRisk studies are carried out by geographers in different schools and countries. The geographical approach to risk focuses on the interaction between physical and human elements in territories. The case of wetlands shows the advantages of this approach. Wetlands can help to reduce the risk of flooding and improve water quality; nevertheless, their functions are generally undervalued. This analysis was carried out through a case study: the Po delta. Both “natural” (flooding, drought) and “technological” hazards were considered. A comparative analysis was also performed in Camargue, in order to try out the methodology. Field work and document analysis point out the relationship between risk perception and the geo-historical evolution of the territory. Risk is linked to a territorial system, to its history, actors network and stakes; consequently, the territory itself should constitute the core of risk analysis
La geografia del rischio è un settore di studi sviluppato nell’ambito di diverse scuole, con delle caratteristiche specifiche nei diversi contesti accademici e nazionali. Se in Francia la géographie des risques è un soggetto frequente, quasi “alla moda”, in Italia questo tema è meno comune. È particolarmente significativo il caso delle zone umide: benché questi ambienti contribuiscano alla diminuzione dei rischi idrogeologici e al miglioramento della qualità delle acque, le loro funzioni sono spesso ignorate o sottovalutate. A partire da questo esempio, possiamo quindi chiederci in quale misura il rapporto che le società instaurano con l’ambiente (nel caso specifico, con le aree umide) possa influire sul grado di vulnerabilità. La riflessione è stata condotta attraverso l’analisi di un caso di studio: il delta del Po. Sono stati considerati dei rischi “naturali” (inondazioni, siccità e risalita del cuneo salino) e dei rischi “tecnologici” (incidenti, inquinamento). I risultati ottenuti sono poi stati comparati con quelli relativi a un secondo caso di studio, la Camargue. A partire dalla ricerca sul campo e dall’analisi critica della documentazione, si evidenzia il legame tra la percezione dei rischi e l’evoluzione geo-storica del territorio. Una rappresentazione puramente tecnica, quantitativa del rischio risulta inadeguata alla complessità del fenomeno; il rischio è infatti parte di in un sistema territoriale, con la sua storia, la sua rete di attori, le loro logiche e gli interessi in gioco. Ne consegue la necessità di rimettere il territorio al centro dell’analisi e della gestione del rischio
Iris, Julien. "Contribution de la méthodologie et de la technologie décisionnelle pour l'aide à l'évaluation des risques naturels dans le secteur de l'assurance en France". Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383306.
Texto completoThe aim of the thesis is to evaluate the contribution of geodecisional approach for better analysing the problematic of natural disaster impacts on the French insurance market. An insurance company aims to get better insight on the natural disaster vulnerability. Two concerns have been identified: the first concern is “mutual” by reinforcing the efficiency of the public policy of natural disaster prevention, the second concern is “individual” by reinforcing the financial solidity of the company facing natural disaster event that could occur on their insurance portfolio. The offers in terms of tools and services to cover these requirements are limited for the French insurance market for two main reasons: first of all the French natural disaster indemnification system is based on a solidarity principle which has never encouraged the insurers to evaluate precisely the level of exposure of their clients to natural hazard, also, the second point is the heterogeneity of the spatial and non spatial data on the territory which has generated more complexity for the appropriation of the problematic by the French insurance companies. The thesis propose the “geodecisional approach” including a data modelling methodology (spatial multidimensional modelling) and technological components (for extraction, transformation, loading, restitution) in order to propose interface for exploring detailed and aggregated indicators combining spatial and non spatial analysis in a logical view according to the enterprise strategy. The idea is to adapt this approach to consolidate indicators for natural disaster vulnerability on the “mutual” and on the “individual” perspective. The different models are combining natural hazard maps like flood modellings, risk zoning maps in urbanism plans (“Plan de Prévention des Risques”) but also cadastral data and maps, geostatistical data about exposures and insurance data from an insurance company. The thesis will present the state of the art of the problematic and will propose a method for modelling and for implementing exploratory prototypes on case studies. The technology chosen to build the prototypes is Spatial OLAP developed at the Center of research in Geomatics at Laval University in Quebec
Kleinpeter, Claire. "Des risques urbains méconnus: les risques technologiques mineurs : Exemple des stations-service à Strasbourg". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR1A001.
Texto completo'Environment' and 'sustainable development' are terms that appear in the mass media often to announce natural catastrophes such as inundations, explosions, or various forms of environmental pollution. According to the mass media, the world environmental equilibrium seems to be threatened in a way that future generations would not be able to benefit of today's natural resources, if nothing is done to change this situation. Researchers who have studied the question emphasize not only the importance but also the accretion of major technological hazards mainly since the industrial revolution and the consequent urban growth. Because of their amplitude the impacts of major technological hazards related to technical progress are better known today even if solutions are not always easy to find or to apply. Cities as places of great population densities have often witnessed minor hazards throughout their history. These minor and not well known technological hazards constitute the subject of this thesis. Hazards related to the location of gas stations in the city of Strasbourg (Communauté urbaine de Strasbourg) are studied, identified, classified, through their particular characteristics. The main hypothesis is that minor technological hazards correspond to activities characterized less by unanticipated impacts than by an important degree of vulnerability due to their immediate environment. An analysis of minor technological hazards using the example of gas stations has been the first step to verify this hypothesis. The second step deals with the constitution of a located data base used to define a classification of various activities according to their degree of vulnerability in a GIS with a server to be used by protection or intervention services e. G. Firemen
Roy, Alexis. "Expertise et appropriation du risque : le cas de la commission du génie biomoléculaire. Analyse sociologique d'un dispositif d'accompagnement de l'innovation". Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL365.
Texto completoDusserre, Gilles. "Contribution à la gestion des interventions lors d'accidents de transport de matières dangereuses". Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11046.
Texto completoCruz, Jorge Garcia de la. "Choix et risque en contexte de projet : conception d'un modèle décisionnel". Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30033.
Texto completoGriot, Chloé. "Vulnérabilité et risques liés au transport de matières dangereuses : évaluation en vue de la préparation aux interventions de la Sécurité Civile". Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30066.
Texto completoThe prevention of diffuse hazards linked with transport of dangerous goods focuses on securing the source of danger and the preparation of crisis management by the Civil Security services, excluding the protection of sensitive areas adjoining axes of transport. Decision making systems generally simulate distances of effects, separating spatial analysis of the exposed area. This observation has led to the idea of implementing a more complete tool which would include vulnerability maps answering to the needs of French Civil Security. A method of estimation of the sensitivity related to TDG risks and a tool destined to prepare interventions based on sensitivity maps are proposed. The modelisation is based on the expertise of Civil Security and the use of multicriteria decision help methods. Connecting a geographical information system and an effects simulation tool, SIGRISC provides specific sensitivity maps according to the considered accidental scenario and to the needs of the user
Donguy, Arnaud. "Contribution de l’information géographique aux métiers de l’assurance pour la gestion des événements d’ampleur". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0020.
Texto completoThe use of geographical information by an insurance company appears to be a valuable asset in a mature business disturbed by ceaseless extreme events. The chosen approach aims to show the usefulness of this specific information at all levels of the insurance chain value (underwriting, claims management, cumulative risk and reinsurance). We show that the use of geographic information and its associated techniques opens up many development paths for the insurance industry. The first one is to estimate the cost of an extreme event to meet the requirements imposed by legislator (Solvency 2) and offer some thoughts about the need of financial protection. The second aims at strengthening the level of protection against natural hazards, where the insurance scheme is limited by CatNat's law and is not involved. This consists in creating additional and innovative insurance products acting in a vague and sometimes incomplete system. The third is part of a policyholders accompanying perspective by informing them of the latent risks to which they are subjected, furthermore providing them preventive advice against risks which are often underestimated and usually do not benefit from attention and de facto, the way to prepare for them
Wiss, Jacques. "Contribution à l'étude de la sécurité des réacteurs chimiques au point d'ébullition par utilisation du refroidissement par évaporation : techniques d'évaluation des risques, méthodes de conception d'installations sûres". Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0250.
Texto completoPeyras, Laurent. "Diagnostic et analyse de risques liés au vieillissement des barrages". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21407.
Texto completoDos, Santos Paulino Victor. "Le changement technique et organisationnel en situation d'incertitude : une analyse des strtégies d'inertie dans l'industrie spatiale". Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0029.
Texto completoA l'époque où l'on ne cesse d'évoquer l'intérêt d'innover, il nous a semblé important de savoir si les nombreuses situations d'inertie observables dans l'industrie sont systématiquement néfastes. Le consensus positif entourant l'acte d'innover provient du lien qu'il existe entre innovation et surprofit. Si ce lien est solide, il ne fait aucun doute que les situations d'inertie sont préjudiciables, en revanche si ce lien est fragile, nous montrons dans ce travail que les situations d'inertie deviennent pertinentes pour la survie des firmes. La mise en œuvre de stratégies visant à réutiliser les techniques, les processus et les formes organisationnelles validés est un comportement adapté lorsque l'environnement est risqué. Grâce à cette perspective, nous sommes en mesure de comprendre les différentes situations d'inertie observées dans l'industrie spatiale. La consommation de techniques très coûteuses dans des mondes méconnus fait apparaître un dilemme entre innovation et fiabilité qui penche en faveur de la fiabilité. Que ce soit dans la sphère technique comme dans la sphère organisationnelle, un important risque engendre un besoin de fiabilité élevé qui explique que le changement lent soit souvent plus profitable que le changement rapide
Lampach, Nicolas. "Essays on risk management in the presence of ambiguity". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAB009/document.
Texto completoThe thesis aims to establish an optimal technological risk management to ensure hazard reduction of new emerging risks without impeding the innovation path. The research work contributes to ex-ante and ex-post risk management strategies and provides theoretical and empirical evidence to address the management of new emerging risks. The first part of the thesis examines, from the perspective of Law and Economics, the effectiveness of the tort liability rule for the situation where the decision maker is lacking information about the probability of an event to occur. The second part of the thesis pays particular attention to the environmental energy transition in France and focus on the insurability of the energy performance in the housing sector. The theoretical and experimental findings from the first part of the research convey strong validity that tort law cannot provide ex-ante optimal incentives when there is lacking information about the probability of accident. The regime of unlimited and limited liability leads to overinvestment in prevention in regard to new emerging risks. The empirical results of the second part of the thesis reveal that 23.75% of households participated in the weatherization program "Je Rénove BBC" do not achieve the required energy target but the severity of the energy performance gap is relatively low. The findings of the research work imply several policy recommendations to manage new emerging technologies in the future
Didelot, Armelle. "Contribution à l'identification et au contrôle des risques dans le processus de conception". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL566N.
Texto completoMeerpoël, Matthieu. "L'évolution du cadre juridique du déclenchement de l'action publique préventive dans le domaine des risques naturels et technologiques". Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20017.
Texto completoPreventive management of natural and technological hazards is a major issue for state authorities, in regards to the people, property and the environment or in regards to the cost represented by the realization of such risks. Therefore, policy makers legally bound to protect these interests are required to initiate a preventive public action after evaluating and qualifying the risks. The level of hazard and the appropriateness and proportionality of preventive measures will be determined within a complex decision-making process. The policymakers then strive to reach the best possible compromise between freedom and security objectives within the framework of a delicate cost/benefit analysis. The law attempts to regulate this decision-making process by leaving a large and necessary margin of discretion to the public policy makers in determining the acceptability of the risk. This thesis will explore the process to reach this compromise, and in particular how the law governs it, manages this delicate issue and potentially controls the endorsed decisions
Burlet, Jean-Laurent. "Mécanique de la neige et variabilité". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21401.
Texto completoAcosta, Salgado Linda Stefany. "Améliorations des modèles et méthodes d’évaluation de l’acceptabilité des solutions innovantes. Applications dans le contexte du maintien à domicile des personnes âgées". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0013.
Texto completoThe ageing population constitutes a major societal challenge for public policies and health systems: delaying the age of entry into dependency and improving the well-being of the elderly people. Home care for the elderly is one of the main alternatives to address this reality. In recent years, many technological and organizational innovations have been developed to improve elderly home care. These solutions are not always perceived favourably by multiple stakeholders, which are not always in favour of integrating changes into their daily lives. In order to ensure the relevance of a solution for the home care for the elderly and to increase its acceptance, it is necessary to integrate an evaluation phase in the co-design process with future users and other stakeholders. Existing acceptability assessment models do not sufficiently consider the perceptions of multiple stakeholders or a benefit-risk vision. In this context, our research work aims to propose a generic model for assessing and improving acceptability and a method for adapting it to a type of product. The work carried out is divided into five contributions: (1) State of the art on the characteristics of acceptability assessment models, (2) Proposal of a generic model for assessing the acceptability of innovative solutions, (3) Exploration of the risks for elderly people staying at home and the impact of the introduction of an innovative solution on their reduction, (4) Adaptation of the model for assessing the acceptability of food products by elderly people, and (5) Adaptation of the model and experimentation for assessing the acceptability of a food product and associated services during the pandemic crisis period
Bou, Nader Raymond. "Modélisation du management des risques industriels et de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises : Cas des entreprises libanaises". Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL2001/document.
Texto completoThe aim of our thesis is to study the current practice of CSR in the context of the Lebanese industrial companies and to examine the relationship between CSR practices and risk management, using statistical techniques as inferential tests, factor analysis and multiple linear regression models. It is in the latter that the main contribution of this research has been made. This research has made it possible to perceive CSR as more than just a marketing and public relations tool but also a real tool influencing risk in companies. Our research broadens the knowledge base in this field in the Lebanese context, focusing on the management and practices of the company in terms of risk management, in order to better manage the social, environmental, and community based activities by CSR. The results of this study will enable researchers to create a stronger theoretical and empirical basis on which future research on the subject of CSR and risk management through CSR can be developed
Tarnaud, Albane. "A "DEA-Financial" approach to assess portfolio performance". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12003.
Texto completoThis doctoral thesis studies the transposition of a methodology inherited from production theory, and commonly referred to as “DEA” (Data Envelopment Analysis) only, to the study of performance of financial assets. It underlines the accuracy of using DEA as an estimator to assess the performance of financial assets, provides a detailed presentation of the methodology associated to DEA and a review of the literature that applies this methodology to the performance measurement of portfolios of financial assets.The traditional methodology requires the definition of regularity conditions that characterize the technology shared by all entities. It then implies a rigorous definition of inputs and outputs that characterize the production technology. The current literature implicitly assumes a production process that generates returns on investment in portfolios of financial assets by the level of risk taken. This thesis proposes a different treatment based on the idea of joint productions inherited from production theory and according to which inputs can generate undesirable outputs that cannot be freely disposed of. The approach proposed in this thesis then considers the various types of risk associated to the investment as undesirable outputs. This thesis proposes a definition a financial production process and studies the theoretical implications of such a definition on the traditional set of axioms. It also recommends taking into account a possible preference for risk where only risk aversion is generally assumed and reminds the importance to include in the theoretical frameworks some measures of risk associated to preferences for some risks, such as prudence or temperance
Baudrin, Mathieu. "Maintenir la technologie aérosol et son industrie : une enquête sur les collectifs industriels (1958-2017)". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM031/document.
Texto completoAerosol dispenser is a pervasive technology in our everyday life (shaving foam, hairspray, insecticide, whipped cream ...), yet constantly criticized and in competition with multiple alternatives. Its very script comprises various risks. The thesis starts from this observation to ask a concise question : How have aerosol technology and the industry producing it managed to persist since the 1950s? To answer this question, the thesis develops a diachronic analysis of the development of the aerosol and its industry by mobilizing an adapted methodological instrumentation. The empirical work supposes that there is no single "industry" but several industries based on sites and temporalities. These industries are the outcome of works leading to the successive recompositions of industrial collectives. In order to follow the joint reconstructions of aerosol technology and its productive apparatus, the thesis does not follow a specific technical object but mobilizes the notion of technological principle enabling the analysis to articulate several critical moments in the development of aerosol technology. Thus, each critical moment constitutes a specific form of trial in which the industry adopts an adapted reflexive modality. In addition to a methodological contribution proposing to articulate several scholarly fields such as Science and Technology Studies, political science, the sociology of risk, the sociology of markets and industrial history, the main results of the thesis consist in characterizing problematic configurations, each of them highlighting the relations between a way of dealing with the risks associated with the aerosol technology, a way of taking into account specific criticisms, a mode of intervention of public authorities and various modalities of industrial reflexivity
Girard, Tobias. "Les pouvoirs du danger : zone indsutrielle de Fos-sur-Mer : anthropologie politique des risques industriels et du conflit de l'incinérateur". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715472.
Texto completoBOIDIN, ROBERTO. "Le risque technologique majeur dans le douaisis". Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M093.
Texto completoTomasoni, Angela Maria. "Modèles et méthodes d'évaluation et de gestion des risques appliqués aux systèmes de transport de marchandises dangereuses (TMD), reposant sur les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC)". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006223.
Texto completoAl-Kharaz, Mohammed. "Analyse multivariée des alarmes de diagnostic en vue de la prédiction de la qualité des produits". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/211207_ALKHARAZ_559anw633vgnlp70s324svilo_TH.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis addresses the prediction of product quality and improving the performance of diagnostic alarms in a semiconductor facility. For this purpose, we exploit the alarm history collected during production. First, we propose an approach to model and estimate the degradation risk of the final product associated with each alarm triggered according to its activation behavior on all products during production. Second, using the estimated risk values for any alarm, we propose an approach to predict the final quality of the product's lot. This approach models the link between process alarm events and the final quality of product lot through machine learning techniques. We also propose a new approach based on alarm event text processing to predict the final product quality. This approach improves performance and exploits more information available in the alarm text. Finally, we propose a framework for analyzing alarm activations through performance evaluation tools and several interactive visualization techniques that are more suitable for semiconductor manufacturing. These allow us to closely monitor alarms, evaluate performance, and improve the quality of products and event data collected in history. The effectiveness of each of the above approaches is demonstrated using a real data set obtained from a semiconductor manufacturing facility
Abune'meh, Mohammed. "Optimisation de l’aménagement d’un Chantier de Construction en Fonction des Risques Naturels et Technologiques, Utilisation du SIG". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1012/document.
Texto completoConstruction sites contain several supporting facilities that are required to complete construction activities. These facilities are susceptible to damage due to the occurrence of natural or technological hazards such as fire, explosion, blast wave, and so on. These may cause adverse consequences for the whole construction process, which in turn lead to fatal accidents that have a major impact on worker and employee productivity, project completion time, project quality and project budget. Therefore, project planners must adopt and develop innovative approaches able to face the occurrence of potential hazards, minimize their consequences, and facilitate the evacuation of the site in case of their occurrence. One of these approaches is optimizing construction site layout. In general, generating construction site layout able minimizing risk resulting from natural or technological hazards is still a scientific challenge.In the present research, two proposed model (deterministic and probabilistic) are developed to minimize the risks within a construction site. The common methodology adopted to develop these two models consists of:• Modeling construction site components, for instance; electric generator, offices and material storages, in a 2D layout, to act as either hazardous source or potential target or both at the same time.• Modeling hazard: it shows the hazard interaction among site components and the attenuation of hazard.• Modeling vulnerability: it represents the potential weakness of whole targets to the hazard generated from each source.• Defining the utility function: it aims to afford an optimized site layout with minimum total risk in the construction site. The differential evolution algorithm is adopted to run optimization process.Particularly, in the deterministic model, we use space syntax principle in order to realize the impact of space configurations in evaluating the risk in the construction site. Therefore, as the evacuation process is considered in estimating the risk, the actual risk is amplified by utilizing penalty factor called mean depth. Furthermore, Dijkstra’s algorithm is run on deterministic model to find the safest paths (least risk paths) for evacuating sites from any position on the construction site towards the safe places in order to diminish losses and fatalities. On the other hand, the framework utilized to develop a probabilistic model assumed that the risk is combined of the individual failure of each facility within a construction site. Moreover, the numerical simulation is performed to find the probabilistic distribution of failure for the whole site.Geographic information system (GIS) capabilities were exploited, in this research, to present data in maps format, generate the spatial risk map in the construction site, and implement the Dijkstra’s algorithm and least-cost path analysis.For illustration purposes, the proposed models are employed in a case study consisting of several facilities. In the deterministic model, all of these facilities act as hazardous sources and potential targets, at the same time, while, in a probabilistic model, only three of these facilities act as fire hazardous sources, whereas, all of them are potential targets. The results revealed that the proposed models are efficient due to their capability of generating site layout with the safer work environment. In addition, the model is capable of highlighting the riskiest areas within a construction site. Moreover, the proposed models are able to generate paths through least-risk zones, which will minimize the serious injuries and victims in cases of emergencies
Tugas, Antoine. "Risque technologique et responsabilité de la puissance publique : Antoine Tugas". Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10052.
Texto completoCollective security is likely to be endangered by a certain number of risks, of which most typical of the post-modern techno-scientist societies is the technological risk. Seized by the Law, the "major technological risk" (P. Lagadec), was focused around two major axes which are the prevention policy and its necessary corollary, the legal responsability. Prevention, therefore, upstream of the risk, by the means of a multitude of special rules, intern or international, interesting the law of the "installations classes"so much classified that right of town planning or right of environment, emanating from very diversified authorities, which aims evaluating and at framing them risks. Legal liability, also, when occurs a catastrophic event, specific or serial, which aims to the compensation for the damages, oscillating then between compensation and guarantee with the liking of multiple occurences, to which apply disparate benefit arangements. It is on such bases that we will propose a work which wants to be at the same time synthetic and prospective. Thus, we will initially propose to count the ways of right offered by such a dispute (implemented of the responsability, by the victims, of authors of the damage, in front of the two orders of juridiction-mode permits, general and special policies, regulations of town planning) in order to point its disparities and its insufficiencies. Then we will attach to propose alternatives to the current modes, made up by the precautionary principle, registering us by in the current debate of the place of the technological risk in the contemporary society. Discusses which can succeed only if we integrate into the various risk prevention policies a coherent system and a total answer to the question of liability for the technological catastrophes
Wang, Zhiyi. "évaluation du risque sismique par approches neuronales". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC089/document.
Texto completoSeismic probabilistic risk assessment (SPRA) is one of the most widely used methodologiesto assess and to ensure the performance of critical infrastructures, such as nuclear power plants (NPPs),faced with earthquake events. SPRA adopts a probabilistic approach to estimate the frequency ofoccurrence of severe consequences of NPPs under seismic conditions. The thesis provides discussionson the following aspects: (i) Construction of meta-models with ANNs to build the relations betweenseismic IMs and engineering demand parameters of the structures, for the purpose of accelerating thefragility analysis. The uncertainty related to the substitution of FEMs models by ANNs is investigated.(ii) Proposal of a Bayesian-based framework with adaptive ANNs, to take into account different sourcesof information, including numerical simulation results, reference values provided in the literature anddamage data obtained from post-earthquake observations, in the fragility analysis. (iii) Computation ofGMPEs with ANNs. The epistemic uncertainties of the GMPE input parameters, such as the magnitudeand the averaged thirty-meter shear wave velocity, are taken into account in the developed methodology.(iv) Calculation of the annual failure rate by combining results from the fragility and hazard analyses.The fragility curves are determined by the adaptive ANN, whereas the hazard curves are obtained fromthe GMPEs calibrated with ANNs. The proposed methodologies are applied to various industrial casestudies, such as the KARISMA benchmark and the SMART model
Fargetton, Xavier. "Embryotoxicité de l'albendazole : évaluation du risque chez l'homme". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1W036.
Texto completoAlava, Thomas. "Conception, fabrication, caractérisation de micromembranes résonantes en silicium, à actionnement piézoélectrique et détection piézorésistive intégrés appliquées à la détection d'agents biologiques simulant la menace". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/981/.
Texto completoThe threat of a massive biological attack aiming at armies has compelled military research institutions to invest massively in planning the response to such an attack. The response is contingent to abilities of perception and identification of this attack. Therefore, the need of low-cost, reliable, easily transportable, biological detection solutions is crucial. In this manuscript, we study the cases of biosensors based on silicon resonant micro-membranes, fabricated by standards micro-fabrication techniques. We first emphasize the advantages of these types of sensors to fill the requirements of the studied problematic. Then, according to initial objectives expressed in term of mass resolution and sensitivity, we report the theoretical study enabling the sizing and design of micro-membranes in order to satisfy these requirements. The detection principle is micro-gravimetry. The vibration of membranes is provided through a piezoelectric patch, the vibration detection is operated by piezoresistances located at clamping. We report the micro-systems fabrication, their packaging and the fabrication of associated electronics. Finally, the electrical, electro-mechanical and biological characterization enables the focus on main results. First, we demonstrate the physical co-integration of piezoelectric and piezoresistive phenomena inside a same resonating microstructure. Then, the ability to track in real time the resonant frequency of several multiplexed micro-membranes vibrating in a liquid media provided to piezoresistive detection of vibration is reported. At last, results obtained for detection of biological warfare agents' surrogates are presented
Diab, Maalouf Rubeiz Christiane. "Le risque du crédit au Liban : une évaluation empirique". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20003.
Texto completoThe Credit Risk which existed in all financial contracts constitutes the principal resource of loss for the banks and financial institutions in Lebanon. During the last years, the measure and the risk management have grown an importance in the banking industry, causing a development of new tools especially for the Corporate. The banking authorities, who are realizing this evolution, have decided to reform the regulation of the Capital Adequacy. Thus, the reform of Basle II proposes new allocation of assets based on better evaluation of risk. Basle II incites the banks to be provided by performing internal system of scoring of all their customers (Retail and Corporate).For this purpose, the Lebanese banking sector has shown, in matters of credit, an unprecedented evolution, consequence of three principal changes:a growing role of financial market in the international financial system; an emergence in the middle of banks of new quantitative techniques of Management of Credit Risk; a banking regulation in progress of change.This thesis have for objective to present all the different risk, take stock of their management in the midst of Lebanese banks and to provide a lighting on the new track of development viewed for these banks in order to come from the high risk
Bléhaut, Marianne. "Risque industriel, marché immobilier et évaluation des politiques publiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS203.
Texto completoThis thesis falls within the scope of urban economics, environmental economics and public policy evaluation. The first part (chapters 1 and 2) is an empirical evaluation of the impact of industrial risk perception on the housing market. More specifically, these chapters rely on quantitative methods originally designed for public policy evaluation to measure the reaction of local housing markets to two changes in industrial risk perception. Chapter 1 analyzes the consequences of the AZF accident (Toulouse, 2001), and chapter 2 the consequences of the Bachelot regulation (passed in 2003). Both chapters show that additional information on industrial risk translated into a significant housing price decrease of about 2% on average. This price effect is consistent with an initial imperfect information setting. In addition, there is some evidence of neighborhood composition changes following these changes. This first part builds on typical examples in which randomized experiments cannot be designed, which lead to questioning the properties of estimators based on propensity score estimation. This is the aim of the second part (chapters 3 and 4) of the thesis. Chapter 3 compares the performances of experimental and non-experimental estimators using the example of a job-search assistance programme. It shows that, in this particular case, matching methods cannot accurately replicate the experimental results. Chapter 4 proposes the BEAST estimator as an alternative to typical propensity score matching, and illustrates its properties on simulations and case studies
Natowicz, Irène. "Le risque technologique majeur et l'économie de l'assurance : une application à l'industrie chimique". Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21015.
Texto completoChemical industry experienced technological risk evolution and insurance responded to this changes. But, this responses are nowadays inadequate because of the specificity of uncertainty and complexite. The approach that consist to lead insurers to take charge chemical risks and environmental damages, via objective responsability, has something in common with the internalization of exterla effects principle : it is analysed in the coase theorem perspective. This evolution is considered as a venture, both from social point of view than from economic point of view. Thesis demonstrates that liberal theory or state theory can't be used to analyze insurance activity. The insurance economy is then studied in the perspective of services economy because it accepte fundamental uncertainty. The environmental insurance l'ability case and chemical risks alow to draw alternative and more complexe forms to take charge risks. Thesis chalenge the insurer's ability alone, to take charge the compensation of environmental damages and chemical risks
Sahal, Alexandre. "Le risque tsunami en France : contributions méthodologiques pour une évaluation intégrée par scénarios de risque". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651617.
Texto completoSahal, Alexandre. "Le risque tsunami en France : contributions méthodologiques pour une évaluation intégrée par scénarios de risque". Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010654.
Texto completo