Tesis sobre el tema "Eucalypts"
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Holman, James y n/a. "Clines, Species and Eucalypts: An Evolutionary Perspective". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030527.124144.
Texto completoHolman, James. "Clines, Species and Eucalypts: An Evolutionary Perspective". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365394.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
King, Rachel y n/a. "Spatial Structure and Population Genetic Variation in a Eucalypt Species Complex". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050113.091713.
Texto completoKing, Rachel. "Spatial Structure and Population Genetic Variation in a Eucalypt Species Complex". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365496.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
Lacy, Philip Alan Physical Environmental & Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Burning Under Young Eucalypts". Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. Physical, Environmental & Mathematical Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43663.
Texto completoCarvalho, Guilherme Mendes de Almeida. "Karyogram, genome size and AT/CG base composition in eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.) by cytogenetic and flow cytometry". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/20098.
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O gênero Eucalyptus é um grupo extremamente bem sucedido de plantas arbóreas, compreendendo mais 700 espécies. Além de sua importância em regiões endêmicas como a Austrália, o eucalipto é importante na economia global devido a sua alta taxa de crescimento, adaptabilidade a várias condições ecológicas (elevação, clima e solo) e uso variado (matéria prima, carvão, fibra, polpa e papel). O estudo do genoma contribui para o entendimento de aspectos evolutivos e outros aspectos biológicos básicos do grupo. O entendimento da natureza de um genoma requer informação sobre o conteúdo de DNA e deveria ser considerada crucial em qualquer programa de análise genômica comparativa. O presente estudo determinou e reavaliou o tamanho do genoma e a composição de bases de 25 espécies de Eucalyptus. Além disso, o estudo comparou cariogramas de diferentes espécies, por citogenética clássica e molecular, em busca de possíveis alterações ou regiões não homólogas nos cromossomos de espécies que apresentavam maior diferença no conteúdo de DNA nuclear. No primeiro artigo, foi desenvolvido um protocolo citogenético para a obtenção de cromossomos com uma melhor resolução longitudinal. Assim, foi possível a montagem do cariograma de E. citriodora com 2n = 22 cromossomos. No segundo artigo, o valor 2C e a relação AT/CG foram estimados para as 25 espécies de Eucalyptus. A partir dos valores do tamanho do genoma os quais variaram entre 2C = 0,91 pg e 2C = 1,37 pg, foi feita uma análise comparativa do cariograma de quatro espécies e nenhuma diferença foi identificada. Em uma abordagem citomolecular, com o uso da hibridização in situ do genoma nenhuma região de não homologia cromossômica foi discriminada entre as espécies E. baileyana (1,36 pg) e E. citriodora (1,01 pg). Os resultados alcançados no presente trabalho corroboram para considerar pequenas alterações do conteúdo de DNA dispersas no genoma, possivelmente provenientes da atividade de elementos transponíveis, como a principal causa da variação do tamanho do genoma em Eucalyptus.
The genus Eucalyptus represents an extremely successful group of woody plants covering more than 700 species. Besides its importance in the Australian environment, eucalypts are important in the global economy due to their high growth rates, adaptability to various ecological conditions (e.g. elevation, climates, soils) and multiple uses (e.g. raw material, energy wood, timber, pulp and paper). The study of genome contributes to understanding evolutionary aspects of the group and others basic biological processes. A basic understanding of the nature of a given genome requires information regarding the amount of DNA and it should be considered a crucial aspect of any truly comprehensive program of comparative genomic analysis. The present study determinate, as well as revaluate, the size and genomic base composition of 25 Eucalyptus species. Furthermore, this study compared karyotypes of different species by classical and molecular cytogenetic looking for possible chromosomal alterations or chromosomal non-homologous regions correlated with the genome size variation among the species. In the first paper, a cytogenetic protocol was developed to obtain of chromosomes with improved longitudinal resolution. Thus, E. citriodora karyogram was assembly confirming a karyotype with 2n = 22 chromosomes. In the second paper 2C value and base composition were measured for 25 Eucalyptus species. From the genome size differences that range from 2C = 0.91 pg to 2C = 1.37 pg comparative karyological analysis were conducted and no remarkable differences were indentified. In a molecular cytogenetic approach, a genome in situ hybridization experiment was performed and it was not possible discriminate any non- homologous chromosomal regions, between E. baileyana (1.36 pg) and E. citriodora (1.01 pg). The results achieve in the present work corroborate to considerate small and dispersed DNA content changes, possible due transposable elements activity, as the mainly cause of genome size variation in Eucalyptus.
O autor escreveu a tese toda em inglês, por isso o título ficou no mesmo idioma.
Nunes, Pedro Mourato Catela. "Honeydew producers in eucalypts and associated native fauna". Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13884.
Texto completoIn recent years there has been an increase in the number of introduced eucalypt-feeding invasive species in worldwide plantations outside Australia. A large portion of these are honeydew producing sap-suckers, mostly psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). Besides the negative impact on eucalypt production, these non-native honeydew producers may have ecological effects on local native fauna by establishing new interactions. In this work, we intended to study these new interactions in eucalypt plantations in Portugal. We surveyed during a year three invasive psyllid species, Glycaspis brimblecombei, Ctenarytaina spatulata and Ctenarytaina eucalypti, in two sites with eucalyptus trees in Lisbon. The two sites differed on species composition and tree age. For each psyllid species, we estimated the population abundance and identified the associated fauna present in each survey date, covering the activity period of the psyllids. We also analyzed the sugar composition of honeydew and lerp produced by G. brimblecombei. With these results, we intended to further understand how sugar composition of these products may influence the associated fauna. The three psyllid species differed on their seasonal activity. The two Ctenarytaina species were observed from January to June, whereas G. brimblecombei concentrated its activity between May and September. Several commensal and predatory native species were found associated with the psyllids, as well as two exotic Australian parasitoid species. The number of specimens and species richness of both native commensals and predators was significantly higher for G. brimblecombei in comparison with the two other psyllid species. The main sugar present on G. brimblecombei honeydew and lerps was fructose. This work offers contributions for the eucalypt plantation management towards the psyllid species, for the study of the how invasive honeydew producing species affect the native fauna and finally serving as a guideline for future studies in the honeydew sugar compositions and its effect on the fauna attractiveness of the honeydew
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Dounis, Konstandina Tsaloumas Dimitris. "Island and exile in Dimitris Tsaloumas' The House with the eucalypts" / The House with the eucalypts / translated into English by Konstandina Dounis". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19060.pdf.
Texto completoDelaporte, Kate Louise. "Eucalypts for ornamental horticulture : selection, interspecific hybridisation and postharvest testing /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AHP/09hpd338.pdf.
Texto completoLeslie, Andrew Dunbar. "Eucalypts as a genus for short rotation forestry in Great Britain". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21700.
Texto completoXu, Daping. "Managing nutrients to increase productivity of plantation eucalypts in south China". Thesis, Xu, Daping (2001) Managing nutrients to increase productivity of plantation eucalypts in south China. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52620/.
Texto completoFarifr, Eiman. "Seedling growth and physiological responses of Perth’s eucalypts to soil-induced stresses". Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1865.
Texto completoJackson, Sarah. "Mycosphaerella leaf disease on eucalypts in Western Australia - The diversity and impact". Thesis, Jackson, Sarah (2013) Mycosphaerella leaf disease on eucalypts in Western Australia - The diversity and impact. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2013. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/25075/.
Texto completoHoffmann, Madonna Bridget y Madonna hoffman@dpi qld gov au. "Application of tree and stand allometrics to the determination of biomass and its flux in some north-east Australian woodlands". Central Queensland University. Biological and Environmental Sciences, 2007. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20070525.144254.
Texto completoau, aaron maxwell@csiro y Aaron Maxwell. "The Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Impact of Mycosphaerella Species on Eucalypts in South-Western Australia". Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040803.144922.
Texto completoMaxwell, Aaron. "The taxonomy, phylogeny and impact of Mycosphaerella species on eucalypts in South-Western Australia". Thesis, Maxwell, Aaron (2004) The taxonomy, phylogeny and impact of Mycosphaerella species on eucalypts in South-Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/187/.
Texto completoMaxwell, Aaron. "The taxonomy, phylogeny and impact of Mycosphaerella species on eucalypts in South-Western Australia". Maxwell, Aaron (2004) The taxonomy, phylogeny and impact of Mycosphaerella species on eucalypts in South-Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/187/.
Texto completoau, V. Andjic@murdoch edu y Vera Andjic. "Phylogeny, phylogeography and movement of Kirramyces spp. associated with leaf blight diseases of plantation eucalypts". Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080805.133632.
Texto completoAndjic, Vera. "Phylogeny, phylogeography and movement of Kirramyces spp. associated with leaf blight diseases of plantation eucalypts". Thesis, Andjic, Vera (2008) Phylogeny, phylogeography and movement of Kirramyces spp. associated with leaf blight diseases of plantation eucalypts. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/93/.
Texto completoAndjic, Vera. "Phylogeny, phylogeography and movement of Kirramyces spp. associated with leaf blight diseases of plantation eucalypts". Andjic, Vera (2008) Phylogeny, phylogeography and movement of Kirramyces spp. associated with leaf blight diseases of plantation eucalypts. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/93/.
Texto completoFlores, Karen Stephanny Cordova. "Estudo das respostas ecofisiológicas no crescimento de clones Eucalyptus spp. submetidos a variações de níveis de restrições hídricas em distintas condições edáficas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-28032016-121014/.
Texto completoEucalypts plantations are expanding to drought áreas in Brazil in order to attend the high demand of eucalypts wood for various purposes. Therefore, the understanding the physiological process related to tree growth in this condition is one of the research priorities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ecophysiological responses to water restrictions levels in growth of Eucalyptus spp clones, planted in different soil conditions. The two field experiments were planted in January 2012 at the Itatinga Experimental Station, College of Agriculture \"Luiz de Queiroz\" (ESALQ), São Paulo State University. Experiment 1 was planted on a site which the soil is classified as \"A moderate typical dystrophic Red Latosol with clay texture (LVdf)\" and experiment 2 on \"A moderate typical dystrophic Red Latosol with clay texture (LVd- 1)\". The experiments were established in a randomized block design with factorial 6 x 3 arrangement [six eucalypts clones (COP 1404, COP 1407, AEC 1528 AEC 0042, AEC 0224, AEC 0144) and three spacings (3m x1m, 3mx2m and 3mx4m)], with six replications, and square plots (5x5 trees). The measurements were carried out on the nine central trees. From the 21 to 37 months of age, the following variables were assessed every three months: DBH (diameter at breast height in cm), height (m) and crown length (m). Leaf area index (LAI m2 / m2) was evaluated every three months after 27 months of age. Two LAI-2000 equipments were used to measure the LAI, one under and another out of the canopy. Litter was collected monthly on all plots. The efficiency of water use was evaluated at 29 and 35 months of age, based on leaf area and stomatal characteristics of samples collected in three trees sampled systematically in four blocks. Dendrometer belts were used to evaluate the diameter growth of two trees per plot. Data collected fortnightly from dendrometers belts were correlated with climatic variables with 15 and 45-da lags. AEC 1528, AEC 0144 and AEC 0042 clones showed higher DBH, total height, crown length, leaf area, stomatal diameter and lower IAF and stomatal concentration, showing better strategy of water use and growth. Deposition of litter fluctuated over time and varied with the tree phenology. Cambium growth dynamics correlated with climate variables, especially with the rainfall. Higher correlations were observed with higher measured lag. Clones showed distinct patterns of ecophysiological responses when the correlations of all variables were considered.
Wildy, Daniel Thomas. "Growing mallee eucalypts as short-rotation tree crops in the semi-arid wheatbelt of Western Australia". University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0031.
Texto completoBirt, Patrina. "Mutualistic interactions between the nectar-feeding little red flying-fox Pteropus scapulatus (Chiroptera : Pteropodidae) and flowering eucalypts (Myrtaceae) : habitat utilisation and pollination /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19062.pdf.
Texto completoBarradas, Carla Bernardete Rodrigues. "Climate changes and Botryosphaeriaceae diseases of Eucalyptus in Portugal". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21228.
Texto completoO eucalipto é das espécies florestais mais plantadas devido à sua importância económica. Em Portugal, (principalmente E. globulus) representa atualmente 26% da área total, sendo a espécie florestal mais abundante no país. Membros da família Botryosphaeriaceae podem ocorrer como endofíticos ou patogénios latentes numa variada gama de hospedeiros lenhosos. Várias espécies têm sido associadas a eucaliptos em todo o mundo. Apesar da sua importância económica, não existem estudos relacionados com a ocorrência de espécies de Botryosphaeriaceae associadas a eucaliptos em Portugal, nem sobre o impacto que as alterações climáticas possam ter no desenvolvimento de doenças. Foi estudada a comunidade de espécies de Botryosphaeriaceae que ocorre tanto em plantações saudáveis como doentes de E. globulus por todo o país. Nove espécies pertencentes a três géneros (Botryosphaeria, Diplodia e Neofusicoccum) foram identificadas, sendo o género Neofusicoccum claramente dominante tanto em plantas doentes como saudáveis. Neofusicoccum algeriense, D. corticola e D. seriata foram descritos pela primeira vez em E. globulus, enquanto N. algeriense, N. kwambonambiense e N. eucalyptorum correspondem aos primeiros registos em Portugal. É fundamental detetar precocemente estes fungos de modo a evitar surtos de doenças que possam resultar em elevadas perdas económicas. A sua identificação, de modo geral, baseia-se em técnicas moleculares que embora muito poderosas na discriminação de espécies podem ser demoradas e dispendiosas. A técnica de espectroscopia de infravermelho médio (MIR) permitiu a discriminação de espécies de Botryosphaeriaceae com base no seu perfil de “fingerprint” de infravermelho. Esta técnica revelou potencial para ser uma alternativa eficaz, rápida e económica aos métodos de identificação convencionais. Em ensaios de inoculação artificial foram encontradas diferenças claras na agressividade destes fungos. Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense e D. corticola foram as espécies mais virulentas, em contraste com B. dothidea e D. seriata. Apesar de algumas diferenças nos parâmetros morfo-fisiológicos não foi encontrada qualquer relação direta entre o tamanho da lesão (agressividade) e as respostas fisiológicas da planta. Considerando o perfil fisiológico global e as dimensões das lesões notou-se uma clara variação na suscetibilidade entre os diferentes genótipos de plantas testadas. As alterações climáticas influenciam a ocorrência e gravidade das doenças nas plantas. Os nossos resultados indicam que as plantas em stress hídrico são mais suscetíveis a espécies de Botryosphaeriaceae. Esta resposta foi particularmente relevante quando os fungos foram inoculados em plantas que já se encontravam em privação de água. Além disso, o pré-condicionamento das plantas a condições de seca levou a um ligeiro aumento da resistência à infeção fúngica. Os nossos resultados realçam o facto de as estratégias de gestão para as plantações não poderem ignorar o impacto que as doenças associadas a Botryosphaeriaceae podem ter num cenário de alterações climáticas.
Eucalypts are one of the most widely planted forest trees due to their economic importance. In Portugal, they (mostly E. globulus) represent currently 26% of the total forest area, being the most abundant forest tree in the country. Botryosphaeriaceae species occur as endophytes or latent pathogens on a diverse range of woody hosts, including eucalypts. Despite the economic importance of these plants, there are no studies related to the occurrence of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with them in Portugal or the impact of climate changes in the triggering of diseases. The community of Botryosphaeriaceae species occurring on diseased and healthy E. globulus trees was studied on several plantations throughout the country. Nine species from three different genera (Botryosphaeria, Diplodia and Neofusicoccum) were identified being the genus Neofusicoccum clearly dominant on both diseased and healthy trees. Neofusicoccum algeriense, D. corticola and D. seriata were reported for the first time on E. globulus, while N. algeriense, N. eucalyptorum and N. kwambonambiense correspond to the first reports in Portugal. The early detection of Botryosphaeriaceae species could allow preventing disease outbreaks that may result in significant economic losses. The identification of these fungal species is, in general, based on molecular techniques, that although being very powerful in discriminating species, can be time consuming and still quite expensive. Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) technique allowed the discrimination of species of Botryosphaeriaceae based on their infrared fingerprint profile, being a powerful, cost-effective and faster alternative method to conventional identification techniques. In artificial inoculation trials, marked differences in aggressiveness between these fungi were reported. Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense and D. corticola were the most virulent species while B. dothidea and D. seriata were the less ones. Despite some differences in morpho-physiological parameters no direct relation was found between lesion sizes (aggressiveness) and plant morpho-physiological responses. Considering the global physiological profile and lesion sizes, a clearly variation in susceptibility between different genotypes of eucalypts in study was shown. It is known that climate changes influence the occurrence and severity of plant diseases. Our results indicate that water stressed plants are more susceptible to Botryosphaeriaceae diseases. This response was particularly relevant when the plant was inoculated while water deprivation was already occurring. Moreover, drought primed plants presented a slightly increased resistance to fungal infection. Our results reinforce the fact that management strategies for plantations should not overlook the impact that Botryosphaeriaceae diseases can have in a climate change scenario.
Gabriel, Murilo Vieira. "Otimização da multiplicação de brotações de Eucalyptus globulus Labill. in vitro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-23062009-160515/.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to optimize Eucalyptus globulus Labill. shoot multiplication in vitro through the definition of the initial explant size and the adjustment of mineral nutrients in the culture media. The culture media utilized were JADS (CORREIA et al., 1995), modified JADS and MS. The explants fresh weight were 0.1430 g (T1); 0.2685 g (T2) and 0.5180 g (T3). Initially, the mineral nutrient and concentrations utilized were: nitrogen (NH4NO3) with 45.0 (N1) and 60.0 (N2) mmol L-1; phosphate (KH2PO4) with 1.0 (P1) and 2.0 (P2) mmol L-1; calcium (CaCl2.2H2O) with 7.5 (Ca1) and 10.0 (Ca2) mmol L-1 and magnesium (MgSO4.7H2O) with 1.5 (Mg1) and 4.5 (Mg2) mmol L-1. Based on the initials results, new adjustments were made for nitrogen and calcium, and the concentrations utilized were (NH4NO3) and (CaCl2.2H2O) with 45.0 and 7.5 mmol L-1 (N1Ca1) and 60.0 and 7.5 mmol L-1 respectively. All the tests were carried out in a completely randomized design; with 3 treatments and 4 replicates (explant size); 10 treatments and 3 replicates (initial adjustment of mineral nutrients) and 4 treatments and 6 replicates (final mineral nutrient adjustment). The shoot growth characteristics, fresh and oven dry weight, oven dry weight percentage and relative growth rate were evaluated weekly for 28 day culture period. The explant initial size had little effect on the shoot growth characteristics. All the treatments with mineral nutrient adjustments showed fresh and oven dry weight increase. The oven dry weight percentage were lower in the treatments with high nitrogen concentrations (MS, N2 and N2Ca1). The highest relative growth rates were observed at the 7th day evaluation and lowered along the culture period. The JADS culture medium showed shoot growths considered optimum but not maximum. The MS culture medium showed shoot growths not considered optimum or maximum. The adjusted culture media with 45.0 (N), 3.0 (P), 7.5 (Ca) and 3.0 (Mg) showed shoot growth considered maximum and almost optimum.
Brondani, Gilvano Ebling. "Aspectos morfofisiológicos na clonagem de Eucalyptus benthamii". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-30052012-105821/.
Texto completoFew Eucalyptus species present adaptation for cultivation in regions subject to low temperatures and frequent frosts, and Eucalyptus benthamii genotypes may represent options for future forest plantations in different regions of Brazil, in view of its excellent silvicultural performance in these conditions. However, there is little information on obtaining clones, and considering the species recommended for planting in subtropical conditions, this lack of information is even greater, mainly when considering the endogenous and exogenous factors for the adventitious rooting. Based on these information, the present work was aimed the conducting of studies on morphophysiological aspects during the cloning of Eucalyptus benthamii through of the mini-cuttings and micropropagation techniques. Therefore, the work was divided into four basic studies. The first study (Chapter 2) was based in evaluate the morphophysiology of a clonal mini-garden regarding to Zn and B concentrations during successive shoot collections. The second study (Chapter 3) was based in evaluate the induction of adventitious rooting in mini-cuttings regarding to genotype, Zn and B concentrations, shoot collections and IBA application. The third study (Chapter 4) was based in evaluate the adventitious rooting percentage of selected genotypes regarding the IBA concentration, optimal time of permanence of rooted mini-cuttings in a greenhouse and the origin of the vascular connection. Finally, the fourth study (Chapter 5) was based in develop a method for cloning of selected genotypes through micropropagation technique for the formation of a clonal micro-garden. In overall terms, mini-stumps survival, mini-cuttings production per square meter per year and foliar content of macro and micronutrients varied significantly in relation to treatments, presenting different responses according to shoots collection of the clonal mini-garden. The content of soluble carbohydrates non-structural of leaves varied regarding the shoots collection and nutrient solution. The increasing of the Zn and B concentrations in the nutrient solution induced reduction of the total content of soluble carbohydrates non-structural of leaves. The adventitious rooting percentage was low, and the genotypes were considered difficult to propagation by mini-cuttings technique. The ministumps fertigated with nutrient solutions containing Zn and B (concentrations of 1.0 at 2.0 mg L-1) associated with the IBA application presented the greater adventitious rooting percentage. The IBA application in the concentration of 2,000 mg L-1 resulted in the greater speed of rooting and rooting percentage, and the interval of 35 to 42 days was the most suitable for the permanence of mini-cuttings rooted in a greenhouse. According to the histological analysis of rhizogenesis was verified that the adventitious root presented direct connection to the vascular cambium. The in vitro multiplication of axillary buds depends of the genetic material, culture medium and concentration of plant growth regulator and, the shoots elongation depends of the genetic material and plant growth regulator. The micropropagation protocol was efficient for the microplants production of Eucalyptus benthamii and can be used to form a clonal microgarden.
Lima, Israel Luiz de. "Influência do desbaste e da adubação na qualidade da madeira serrada de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex-Maiden". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-20072005-154922/.
Texto completoThe study had the general objective of studying the influence of forest thinning on the some yield and technological quality indicators of sawn wood from a 21 year old grown Eucalyptus grandis stand managed by selective thinning with the use of fertilizers at 6 years old. The thinning intensities (37, 50 and 75%), presence or absence of fertilizers, two diameter classes, two vertical positions along the stem commercial height and three longitudinal position along the tree radius were taken as the study factors. The influences of the factors treatments and their combinations on tree growth stresses were evaluate indirectly through log end splitting, green and dry sawn lumber end splitting, green sawn lumber bow and spring and pith displacement from it normal central position. The percentage of bark and log taper which are variables that interfere on the sawn wood yield was also evaluated. Structural modulus of elasticity at static bending determined in commercial dimensions dry sawn lumber and a grading system of sawn pieces were determined. Thinning and fertilization had no significant effect on pith displacement, log tapering, bark percentage and log end splitting index. Green and dry sawn lumber, bow, spring and structural modulus of elasticity were influenced by thinning, fertilization and diameter class in some specific situations. Green or dry sawn lumber end splitting index decreases from pith to bark although green sawn lumber bow and the structural modulus of elasticity increase toward the periphery of the tree. Green lumber spring presents no variation tendency along the log radius. The methodology of non-destructive testing used for structural modulus of elasticity evaluation at static bending had demonstrated to be simple, practical and efficient. It was observed during sawn lumber grading operation that the relative position of a piece in the tree radius interferes on its class grade. The frequency of first class lumber increases from pith to bark while the refused pieces number decreases toward the outer part of the tree. In general the 75% thinning intensity slightly promoted a better homogeneity of sawn wood quality along the tree radius.
Miranda, Aline Cristina [UNESP]. "Caracterização e comparação da diversidade genética de populações de Eucalyptus grandis por meio de marcadores moleculares e características quantitativas". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144679.
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O objetivo desse estudo foi explorar a variabilidade genética existente entre e dentro de procedências e progênies da população estudada, conhecendo a estrutura genética da população de melhoramento, estimando parâmetros genéticos de caracteres quantitativos de crescimento e determinando a origem das populações de melhoramento de Eucalyptus grandis. O teste de progênies e procedências de Eucalyptus grandis com 153 progênies de polinização aberta, oriundas de dez procedências foi implantado em Anhembi como parte da rede experimental Projeto Cooperativo Populações Núcleo, sendo o delineamento experimental utilizado de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e seis plantas lineares. A mensuração dos caracteres quantitativos como diâmetro à altura do peito, altura total das árvores, volume e sobrevivência ocorreram aos 12, 24, 36, 48 e 60 meses e as análises foram realizadas via RELM/BLUP. Para a avaliação do sistema de reprodução e identificação da diversidade genética existente nas procedências brasileiras, foram selecionadas 981 plantas para análise de nove locos microssatélites e para determinação das origens da espécie estudada foi realizado a genotipagem de 254 plantas de 18 populações da Austrália. Nas análises individuais em todos os períodos de avaliação, os caracteres de produção apresentaram-se significativos a um grau de liberdade pelo teste LRT, indicando a existência de variabilidade genética a ser explorada pelo melhoramento genético, tanto entre como dentro de progênies. Houve uma redução dos valores de herdabilidade individual para todas as características avaliadas aos 12 meses para 60 meses de mensuração. O valor de repetibilidade individual ( ) obtido apresentou magnitude alta (0,78). Das 20 progênies selecionadas pela média harmônica da performance relativa dos valores genéticos (MHPRVG), 14 dessas estão presentes em todas as análises mostrando que a seleção com base apenas na análise de interação genótipos x anos, pode ser errônea e/ou não capitalizar genótipos importantes. Das dez procedências avaliadas, a seleção realizada pela MHPRVG proporcionou a seleção de progênies de seis procedências. Estimativa da taxa de cruzamento multiloco foi alta (0,994), esse resultado está dentro do padrão observado para a taxa de cruzamento em outras populações, mas significativamente diferente de 1,0, sugerindo um sistema misto de reprodução, combinando autofecundações e cruzamentos, com predominância de cruzamento. As estimativas de diferenciação genética entre as populações foram significativamente diferentes de zero. A combinação da origem de diferentes procedências brasileiras associadas à seleção, indica potencial de reprodução, sendo que, os indivíduos de diferentes procedências podem ser utilizados para compor uma nova geração.
To explore the genetic variability between and within provenances and progenies of the population studied, the aim of this study was to understand the genetic structure of the population of breeding, to estimate genetic parameters of quantitative traits of growth and determine the origin of breeding populations Eucalyptus grandis. The provenances test and progenies of Eucalyptus grandis with 153 open-pollinated progenies, ten provenances, was established at Anhembi, as part of the experimental network (PCPN), the experimental design was a design randomized block with linear plots. The measurement of quantitative traits diameter at breast height, total tree height, cylindrical volume and survival were evaluates at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months, the analyzes were performed by RELM / BLUP and evaluation of mating system and identification the genetic diversity of Brazilian provenances, 981 plants were selected for analysis of nine microsatellite loci and to determine the origins of studied species was conducted genotyping of 254 samples from 18 populations of Australia. In the individual analysis in all evaluation, yield traits showed a significant degree of freedom for the LRT test, indicating the existence of genetic variability to be exploited by breeding, both between and within progenies. There was a reduction of individual heritability values for all characteristics evaluated at 12 months to 60 months of measurement. The individual value of repeatability ( r ˆ ) obtained showed high magnitude (0.78). We selected the best 20 progenies classified in terms of individual genetic value by MHPRVG, 14 progenies were found are present in all analyzes showing that the selection based only on the analysis of genotype x years can be erroneous and / or to capitalize important genotypes. Of the ten evaluated provenances, the selection made by MHPRVG provided the selection of six provenances progenies. Estimated multilocus outcrossing rate was high (0.994), this result is within the pattern observed for the outcrossing rate in other populations, but significantly different from 1.0, suggesting a mixed system of reproduction, combining selfing and crosses, especially cross. Estimates of genetic differentiation among populations were significantly different from zero. The combination of different origin Brazilian origins associated with the selection, indicates reproductive potential, is that individuals of different origins may be used to compose a new generation.
Ferraz, Alexandre de Vicente. "Ciclagem de nutrientes e metais pesados em plantios de Eucalyptus grandis adubados com lodos de esgoto produzidos em diferentes estações de tratamento da região metropolitana de São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-18022010-105811/.
Texto completoThe production of sewage sludge increased exponentially with the enlargement of sewage treatment plants (ETEs, by its acronym in Portuguese). The final disposal of this product has always been a sanitary problem. Since it is a residue rich in organic matter and nutrients, several researches have been carried out, looking for adequate ecological alternatives for its disposal. This study aims to verify the differences among the sewage sludge (biosolids) from three different sewage treatment plants in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo when used as fertilizers in Eucalyptus grandis plantations. Moreover it seeks to assess the influence of this residue in the nutrients cycling and in the heavy metals dynamic in forestry ecosystems. This research was carried out in the Experimental Station of Forestry Sciences of ESALQ/USP in Itatinga, Sao Paulo, where the soil is mainly sandy and of low natural fertility. The experimental delineation was of randomized blocks, with 4 replications and 5 treatments: 1) control (TA) without fertilization; 2) mineral conventional fertilization (FM); 3) application of 15 Mg ha-1 of sewage sludge from Barueri ETE (LB); 4) 15 Mg ha-1 of sewage sludge from Sao Miguel ETE (LSM); 5) 15 Mg ha-1 of sewage sludge from Parque Novo Mundo ETE (LPNM). Since the sewage sludge lacks mineral potassium (KCl), it was added to all the treatments. The LB and the LSM were conditioned with polyelectrolyte, but the LPNM was conditioned with CaOH and with FeCl3. The sewage sludge was applied in the planting rows. The effect of the different treatments on the eucalyptus trees was assessed by: six-monthly forestry inventories, leafs nutrition, estimation of monthly production of leaf fall, six-monthly estimation of leaf fall stocked in the soil, assessment of the decomposition of leaf fall in the field with decomposition bags, reflex of the sludge over the soil fertility, estimation of the biomass and the stock of nutrients and heavy metals in the trunk (stem wood + bark), in the leaves and in the fine roots of the eucalyptus trees. It was observed that the fertilization with sludge favored in average the increase of the wood volume around 65%, higher that the control (without fertilization) and similar to what observed in the treatment with mineral fertilization. The concentration of N, P, Ca, Cu, Fe and Zn in the leaves of the eucalyptus treated with the sludge, when six months old, increased significantly compared with the control. When the trees, of all the treatments were 42 months old, there was a decrease in the concentration of all nutrients in the leaves. The addition of sludge stimulated in 75% the production of leaf fall, as well as its high accumulation in the forestry soil. Consequently, the nutrients transfer was high, by the leaf fall, from the top of the trees to the litter. In general, the application of FM and of sewage sludge improved the soil fertility in the inter row (application place), mainly in the depth 0-5 cm. However, few changes were observed in the fine roots production regarding the different treatments. The sewage sludge, when conditioned in the ETE with CaOH, tends to increase the calcium stock in all the components of the system soil-plantlitter, what in long term may cause a nutritional imbalance and harmful impacts to the ecosystem. In the treatments with sewage sludge, a higher concentration of heavy metals in the leaves was observed in comparison with the control: Cu, Zn and Ni; in the leaf fall: Cu and Zn; in the soil: Cu and Zn (in the planting rows) and Zn (between-tree rows), only in the depth 0-5cm and in the fine roots: Zn and Ni. Therefore, before the application of sewage sludge in forestry plantations it is essential to know the concentration of the different elements present in it. The nutritionalmonitoring of the trees and the nutrients cycling are fundamental practices of essential importance for the good management of this residue and for the forestry farmer
Laclau, Patricia Renee Françoise Battie. "Efeitos da adubação potássica sobre a adaptação à seca do Eucalyptus grandis". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-16012014-160920/.
Texto completoGlobal warming is predicted to exacerbate drought, one of the most important abiotic stress factors affecting eucalypts growth in Brazil. Silvilcultural practices might be adapted to enhance drought adaptation mechanisms of trees. This study examined the effects of K addition on productive and physiological aspects of Eucalyptus grandis stands in first rotation submitted to partial through fall exclusion over thirty months after planting. A large-scale through fall exclusion experiment using a split plot design was conducted with three blocks and four treatments: two water regimes (100% and 63% of through fall with partial artificial exclusion) and two K doses (0 and 4.5 kmol ha-1). The influence of K nutrition on characteristics and photosynthetic activity of leaves was assessed Tree transpiration was measured from sap flow probes to estimate water use efficiency. Foliar water potential and gas exchange were monitored, and phloem \'delta\'13C was measured in order to evaluate tree water status and stomatal regulation depending on K and water availabilities. The results showed that K supply influence various mechanisms responsible for tree growth enhancement: increase in total and individual leaf area, leaf lifespan, cell turgor and cell size due to an increase in turgor, leaf thickness and intercellular spaces, photosynthetic capacity, stomata and mesophyll conductances, photoassimilate export from source leaves and transpiration efficiency for wood production through increase of biomass partitioning to this compartment. Leave with K-deficiency symptoms exhibited lower nutrient concentrations and photosynthetic activity, reduced intercellular spaces, and higher soluble sugar contents compared to healthy leaves, which suggested a strong link between nutrition, leaf anatomy and physiology. The adaptive mechanisms of E. grandis trees to cope with water restriction were an isohydrodynamic behavior associated with stomatal closure, osmotic adjustment, a decrease in wall cell elasticity, an increase in foliar water use efficiency, a decrease in total leaf area and a fast water uptake in very deep soil layers. From approximately 22 months after planting onwards, tree water status was lower: (1) in droughted plots compared to the rain-fed plots and, (2) in K-fertilized plots, compared to the K-unfertilized trees. Although K addition enhanced tree water relations, stomatal control and leaf gas exchange, it exacerbated tree water deficit during severe drought as a result of high water demand throughout tree development. Therefore, the beneficial effects of K supply on tree acclimation to drought may not counterbalance the increase in water deficit during severe water restriction periods compared to the K-unfertilized trees. Regarding future drought previsions, forest managers might have to adapt their fertilization regimes to minimize water demand and risks of mortality
au, Tania Jackson@dec wa gov y Tania Joy Jackson. "Occurrence and variation of Endothiella eucalypti in Eucalyptus globulus plantations of south-western Australia and the influence of some biotic and abiotic factors on the response of the host to the pathogen". Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061129.132615.
Texto completoKurylo, Cris Lisiê. "Ocorrência e bionomia de Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) e seu inimigo natural Psyllaephagus pilosus Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) em plantas de Eucalyptus globulus". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2099.
Texto completoSpecies of the genus Eucalyptus hosting several species of insects of the family Psyllidae. Among them, the specie Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is considered the most harmful, causing damage to culture wherever it has been introduced. To control these hemiptera phytophage, treatment with insecticides proved to be costly and unsustainable. But the entrance of the pest in our country, has been with their natural enemy specific Psyllaephagus pilosus Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Accordingly, this study had as main objective to check the occurrence of C. eucalypti and its natural enemy P. pilosus in commercial plantations of Eucalyptus globulus; their fluctuation population; its biology and define a methodology for creation. When studied in the laboratory, the temperature of 22 ± 2°C, photoperiod of 12 hours and relative humidity of 60 ± 10% C. eucalypti completed the full cycle in 39.49 ± 6.4 days, and 8.83 ± 1.71 days for hatching eggs, and 30.67 ± 6.08 days of nymphal development, the survival of adults was on average 6,19 ± 3,06 days for males and 6,50 ± 3,88 days for females. It was found that C. eucalypti puts the eggs in the armpit of the early leaf shoots still closed. Nymphs of all instars form colonies in the shoot, leaving most of the time property with the stylus inserted in the plant. The droppings are removed in the form of bubbles or droplets that spread over the colony. The floating population was evaluated through 27 collections held fortnightly. The total of 54,160 individuals was catalogued insects. Of these, 51,119 (94.4%) were C. eucalypti, and most nymphs, total parasitoids found was 3,041, of which 73.40% corresponded to the mummies. You can see that the population of psilídeo increases when the temperatures begin to become more mild, or from the month of July. With the growth of population density of the insect-pests increases the availability of food for the parasitoid, which with its population that has increased, leading to a fall of two populations and a level of balance in a very small population level, until, according to the low level of parasitoid population, the pest again recover its population, becoming a cyclical 9 process. The longevity of P. pilosus was recorded assessing up 100 adults at a temperature of 25 ± 1°C, resulting in an average of 9.48 ± 6.37 days.
Espécies do gênero Eucalyptus hospedam várias espécies de insetos da família Psyllidae. Dentre elas, Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) é considerada a mais prejudicial, causando danos à cultura onde quer que tenha sido introduzida. Para o controle desses hemípteros fitófagos, tratamentos com inseticidas provaram ser caros e não sustentáveis, porém, o ingresso da praga em nosso país, se deu junto com seu inimigo natural específico Psyllaephagus pilosus Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Neste sentido, o presente estudo objetivou verificar a ocorrência de Ctenarytaina eucalypti e de seu inimigo natural Psyllaephagus pilosus em plantios comerciais de Eucalyptus globulus; sua flutuação populacional; sua biologia e definir uma metodologia de criação. Quando estudado em laboratório, a temperatura de 22 ± 2ºC, fotofase de 12 horas e umidade relativa do ar de 60 ± 10% C. eucalypti completou o ciclo total em 39,49 ± 6,4 dias, sendo 8,83 ± 1,71 dias para o período embrionário e 30,67 ± 6,08 dias de desenvolvimento ninfal. A longevidade média dos adultos foi de 6,19 ± 3,06 e 6,50 ± 3,88 dias para machos e fêmeas respectivamente. Verificou-se que C. eucalypti oviposita na axila dos primórdios foliares nas brotações ainda fechadas. Ninfas de todos os ínstares formam colônias nas brotações, permanecendo a maior parte do tempo imóveis, com o estilete inserido na planta. Os excrementos são eliminados em forma de bolhas ou gotas que se espalham sobre a colônia. A flutuação populacional foi avaliada através de 27 coletas realizadas quinzenalmente. O total de insetos catalogados foi 54.160 indivíduos. Destes, 51.119 (94,4%) eram C. eucalypti, sendo a maioria ninfas. O total de parasitóides encontrados foi de 3.041, dos quais 73,40% correspondiam às múmias. Pode-se observar que a população do psilídeo aumenta quando as temperaturas começam a se tornar mais amenas, ou seja, a partir do mês de julho. Com o crescimento da densidade populacional do inseto-praga aumenta a disponibilidade de alimento para o parasitóide, que com isto tem sua população aumentada, conduzindo a uma queda das duas populações em um nível de equilíbrio num patamar populacional bastante reduzido, até que, em função do baixo nível populacional do parasitóide, a praga volta a recuperar sua população, tornando-se um processo cíclico. A longevidade de P. pilosus foi registrada avaliando-se, em laboratório, 100 adultos à temperatura de 25 ± 1ºC, obtendo-se uma duração média de 9,48 ± 6,37 dias.
Oliveira, Nádia Cristina de [UNESP]. "Biologia de Gonipterus scutellatus (Coleoptera: Curcu- lionidae) em Eucalyptus spp. em diferentes temperaturas". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105409.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Empresa Privada
Gonipterus scutellatus, conhecido como o gorgulho do eucalipto, é de origem australiana e considerada mundialmente a principal espécie de besouro desfolhador de Eucalyptus. Este trabalho teve por objetivos estudar o desenvolvimento de G. scutellatus em diferentes espécies e híbridos de Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis, E. grandis, E. urophylla e dois híbridos de E. grandis x E. urophylla conhecidos como urograndis) em diferentes temperaturas (18°C, 22°C, 26°C e 30°C). Os resultados demonstraram que o desenvolvimento biológico de G. scutellatus foi dependente do hospedeiro e da temperatura. E. urophylla foi o mais adequado ao desenvolvimento do gorgulho enquanto E. grandis afetou negativamente sua biologia. Para os híbridos, os resultados foram intermediários entre os obtidos nessas duas espécies. O período de desenvolvimento de G. scutellatus foi inversamente proporcional à temperatura. Foi observado que a melhor temperatura foi a 26°C enquanto 30°C foi letal ao desenvolvimento biológico desta espécie.
Gonipterus scutellatus, known as eucalyptus snout beetle, is from Australia and considered the main species of Eucalyptus defoliator beetle world-wide. This paper deals with the development of the G. scutellatus reared on different species and hybrids of Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis, E. grandis, E. urophylla and two hybrids of E. grandis X E. urophylla, the so called urograndis) at different temperatures (18°C, 22°C, 26°C and 30°C). The results demonstrated that G. scutellatus biological development was host and temperature dependent, E. urophylla was the most suitable for the weevil development while E. grandis affected negatively its biology. As to hybrids, the results were intermediary between the obtained on these two species. The development period of G. scutellatus was inversely proportional to the temperature. It was observed that 26°C was the best temperature, while 30°C was lethal to the biological development of this species.
Oliveira, Nádia Cristina de 1975. "Biologia de Gonipterus scutellatus (Coleoptera: Curcu- lionidae) em Eucalyptus spp. em diferentes temperaturas /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105409.
Texto completoBanca: Wilson Badiali Crocomo
Banca: Evoneo Berti Filho
Banca: Nilton José de Sousa
Banca: Edson Tadeu Iede
Resumo: Gonipterus scutellatus, conhecido como o gorgulho do eucalipto, é de origem australiana e considerada mundialmente a principal espécie de besouro desfolhador de Eucalyptus. Este trabalho teve por objetivos estudar o desenvolvimento de G. scutellatus em diferentes espécies e híbridos de Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis, E. grandis, E. urophylla e dois híbridos de E. grandis x E. urophylla conhecidos como urograndis) em diferentes temperaturas (18°C, 22°C, 26°C e 30°C). Os resultados demonstraram que o desenvolvimento biológico de G. scutellatus foi dependente do hospedeiro e da temperatura. E. urophylla foi o mais adequado ao desenvolvimento do gorgulho enquanto E. grandis afetou negativamente sua biologia. Para os híbridos, os resultados foram intermediários entre os obtidos nessas duas espécies. O período de desenvolvimento de G. scutellatus foi inversamente proporcional à temperatura. Foi observado que a melhor temperatura foi a 26°C enquanto 30°C foi letal ao desenvolvimento biológico desta espécie.
Abstract: Gonipterus scutellatus, known as eucalyptus snout beetle, is from Australia and considered the main species of Eucalyptus defoliator beetle world-wide. This paper deals with the development of the G. scutellatus reared on different species and hybrids of Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis, E. grandis, E. urophylla and two hybrids of E. grandis X E. urophylla, the so called urograndis) at different temperatures (18°C, 22°C, 26°C and 30°C). The results demonstrated that G. scutellatus biological development was host and temperature dependent, E. urophylla was the most suitable for the weevil development while E. grandis affected negatively its biology. As to hybrids, the results were intermediary between the obtained on these two species. The development period of G. scutellatus was inversely proportional to the temperature. It was observed that 26°C was the best temperature, while 30°C was lethal to the biological development of this species.
Doutor
Jackson, Sarah. "Infection of Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus diversicolor, Eucalyptus marginata and Corymbia calophylla by Mycosphaerella species". Thesis, Jackson, Sarah (2001) Infection of Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus diversicolor, Eucalyptus marginata and Corymbia calophylla by Mycosphaerella species. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/32765/.
Texto completoChoi, Bokyung. "Taxonomic status of Melaleuca argentea "Ashburton biotype" and identification and evaluation of exon capture loci for Myrtaceae". Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142211.
Texto completoNgugi, Michael R. "Physiological responses to environmental stress in eucalyptus cloeziana and eucalyptus argophloia /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17409.pdf.
Texto completoYang, Zhi. "Vegetative propagation and genetic fingerprinting of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus amplifolia". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024073.
Texto completoFaria, Luiz Carlos de. "Uso do lodo de esgoto (biossólido) como fertilizante em eucaliptos: demanda potencial, produção e crescimento das árvores e viabilidade econômica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-26102007-085318/.
Texto completoThis work evaluates the use of the residual sludge (biosolids) produced by sewage treatment units located in the Metropolitan Region of the City of São Paulo (MRSP) as a fertilizer in Eucalyptus grandis forest plantations. The aspects studied were potential demand, wood production response to the fertilization, trees growth and economic viability. A high level of potential demand was observed for the biosolids on forest eucalyptus plantations located at short ground transportation distances in the MRSP. It was also observed that biosolids, complemented by phosphorous and potassium at the planting stage, increased the growth rate of the trees, resulted in more wood output and reduced the rotation age at levels similar to those observed for conventional mineral fertilization. When evaluated 99 months after planting, it was observed that the highest dosage of biosolids did not result on the highest wood production output. The adjusted models can be separated in only two groups according to the statistical differences among them: (i) control and dosage 10 Mg ha-1; and (ii) all other treatments. The economic analysis (annualized net present value at 12% return rate) recommended dosage 5 Mg ha-1 complemented with K, for rotation lengths defined by the age that maximizes mean annual increment. The use of biosolids does not substitute totally the use of mineral fertilizers. Economically, it was confirmed that the highest biosolid dosages were not viable, due mainly to its high levels of water content and consequently high transportation cost.
Morais, Alaine Patrícia da Silva [UNESP]. "Efeito do processo de auto-hidrólise e caracterização química da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla e Eucalyptus grandis". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132178.
Texto completoA indústria papeleira vem focando em estudos atuais que buscam alternativas para separar a madeira em seus componentes, celulose, hemiceluloses, lignina e extrativos, pois eles que escondem as diversas oportunidades da biorrefinaria integrando processos produtivos de combustíveis e produtos químicos a partir da biomassa. A solubilização das hemiceluloses por auto-hidrólise tem sido proposta como o primeiro passo da biorrefinaria. E os materiais extraídos com a auto-hidrólise (licores auto-hidrolisados) podem ser usados na produção de produtos químicos e biocombustíveis. Assim, este trabalho avaliou o efeito da temperatura e do tempo na auto-hidrólise da serragem do Eucalyptus urograndis e do Eucalyptus grandis para obtenção de possíveis dados cinéticos do comportamento dos componentes químicos (extrativos, lignina, holocelulose, celulose e hemiceluloses) e ainda o rendimento e o índice de cristalinidade, visando estabelecer os pontos de máxima extração das hemiceluloses do material pré-hidrolisado. Os experimentos foram realizados em amostras de serragem de E. urograndis e do E. grandis tidas como controle (não-hidrolisadas) e pré-hidrolisadas. O material foi auto-hidrolisado em minirreatores em diferentes temperaturas (110, 130, 150, 170 e 190 °C) até atingir os diferentes tempos (0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 e 150 minutos). Em cada reator foi usada à relação licor:madeira (10:1 L:kg de madeira seca). Os resultados mostraram que as variáveis (temperatura e tempo) influenciam no rendimento; com a diminuição do teor de lignina da serragem auto-hidrolisada ocorreu um aumento do teor de extrativos; apenas uma pequena quantidade de celulose foi removida em comparação às hemiceluloses e uma rápida diferença ocorreu no índice de cristalinidade da celulose, entre os tratamentos. Concluiu-se que com a auto-hidrólise da serragem de E. urograndis e do E. grandis é possível ...
The paper industry has been focusing on current studies that seek alternatives for separating wood into its components, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and extractives; they hiding the various biorefinery opportunities by integrating production processes of fuels and chemicals from biomass. The solubilization of hemicelluloses by auto-hydrolysis has been proposed as the first step in biorefinery. And the extracted materials with autohydrolysis (auttohydrolysed liquors) can be used to produce biofuels and chemicals. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of temperature and time in autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus urograndis and Eucalyptus grandis possible to obtain kinetic data on the behavior of chemicals (extractives, lignin, holocellulose, hemicelluloses and cellulose) and also income and crystallinity index, to establish the points of maximum extraction of hemicelluloses prehydrolysed material. The experiments were performed in E. urograndis and E. grandis samples taken as a control (non-hydrolyzed) and prehydrolyzed. The material was autohydrolyzed minirreatores at different temperatures (110, 130, 150, 170 and 190 °C) to achieve different times (0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 150 minutes). In each minireactor was used to liquor ratio: wood (10: 1 L: kg dry wood). The results showed that the variables (temperature and time), influence on the yield; with decreasing lignin content of the sawdust was autohydrolyzed an increase in the extractives content; only a small amount of cellulose is removed compared hemicelluloses and a quick difference occurred in the cellulose crystallinity index between treatments. It is concluded that with E. urograndis and E. grandis sawdust autohydrolysis can drastically affect treatment without lignin and cellulose.
Morais, Alaine Patrícia da Silva 1980. "Efeito do processo de auto-hidrólise e caracterização química da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla e Eucalyptus grandis /". Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132178.
Texto completoBanca: Jose Claudio Caraschi
Banca: Elias Taylor Durgante Severo
Banca: Mario de Oliveira Neto
Banca: Adriana Lima Moro
Resumo: A indústria papeleira vem focando em estudos atuais que buscam alternativas para separar a madeira em seus componentes, celulose, hemiceluloses, lignina e extrativos, pois eles que escondem as diversas oportunidades da biorrefinaria integrando processos produtivos de combustíveis e produtos químicos a partir da biomassa. A solubilização das hemiceluloses por auto-hidrólise tem sido proposta como o primeiro passo da biorrefinaria. E os materiais extraídos com a auto-hidrólise (licores auto-hidrolisados) podem ser usados na produção de produtos químicos e biocombustíveis. Assim, este trabalho avaliou o efeito da temperatura e do tempo na auto-hidrólise da serragem do Eucalyptus urograndis e do Eucalyptus grandis para obtenção de possíveis dados cinéticos do comportamento dos componentes químicos (extrativos, lignina, holocelulose, celulose e hemiceluloses) e ainda o rendimento e o índice de cristalinidade, visando estabelecer os pontos de máxima extração das hemiceluloses do material pré-hidrolisado. Os experimentos foram realizados em amostras de serragem de E. urograndis e do E. grandis tidas como controle (não-hidrolisadas) e pré-hidrolisadas. O material foi auto-hidrolisado em minirreatores em diferentes temperaturas (110, 130, 150, 170 e 190 °C) até atingir os diferentes tempos (0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 e 150 minutos). Em cada reator foi usada à relação licor:madeira (10:1 L:kg de madeira seca). Os resultados mostraram que as variáveis (temperatura e tempo) influenciam no rendimento; com a diminuição do teor de lignina da serragem auto-hidrolisada ocorreu um aumento do teor de extrativos; apenas uma pequena quantidade de celulose foi removida em comparação às hemiceluloses e uma rápida diferença ocorreu no índice de cristalinidade da celulose, entre os tratamentos. Concluiu-se que com a auto-hidrólise da serragem de E. urograndis e do E. grandis é possível ...
Abstract: The paper industry has been focusing on current studies that seek alternatives for separating wood into its components, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and extractives; they hiding the various biorefinery opportunities by integrating production processes of fuels and chemicals from biomass. The solubilization of hemicelluloses by auto-hydrolysis has been proposed as the first step in biorefinery. And the extracted materials with autohydrolysis (auttohydrolysed liquors) can be used to produce biofuels and chemicals. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of temperature and time in autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus urograndis and Eucalyptus grandis possible to obtain kinetic data on the behavior of chemicals (extractives, lignin, holocellulose, hemicelluloses and cellulose) and also income and crystallinity index, to establish the points of maximum extraction of hemicelluloses prehydrolysed material. The experiments were performed in E. urograndis and E. grandis samples taken as a control (non-hydrolyzed) and prehydrolyzed. The material was autohydrolyzed minirreatores at different temperatures (110, 130, 150, 170 and 190 °C) to achieve different times (0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 150 minutes). In each minireactor was used to liquor ratio: wood (10: 1 L: kg dry wood). The results showed that the variables (temperature and time), influence on the yield; with decreasing lignin content of the sawdust was autohydrolyzed an increase in the extractives content; only a small amount of cellulose is removed compared hemicelluloses and a quick difference occurred in the cellulose crystallinity index between treatments. It is concluded that with E. urograndis and E. grandis sawdust autohydrolysis can drastically affect treatment without lignin and cellulose.
Doutor
Milla, Moreno Estefanía Alejandra. "Efecto del déficit hídrico en algunas respuestas fisiológicas de Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh y Eucalyptus cladocalyx F. Muell". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151656.
Texto completoEl agua es el principal factor limitante para el desarrollo de especies de cultivo agrícola y especies forestales. En Chile más de tres cuartos de la superficie continental corresponde a zonas áridas y semiáridas. Diversos estudios han demostrado que las especies del género Eucaliptus, poseen un amplio potencial en la tolerancia a condiciones de pluviometría limitada. Por esta razón, se evalúa el efecto de la disponibilidad de agua en algunas respuestas fisiológicas de tres especies de Eucaliptos: Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis y Eucalyptus cladocalyx. El estudio comprende un total de 90 plantas de eucaliptos, 30 de cada especie, las cuales se disponen en un diseño factorial de cinco bloques al azar. Las plantas fueron sometidas a tres niveles de disponibilidad de agua, definidos como: sin estrés, estrés moderado y estrés severo. Las plantas se mantuvieron bajo condiciones semi-controladas en invernadero y las respuestas fueron evaluadas durante dos ciclos de desecamiento, el primero de cinco semanas y el segundo de nueve semanas. Al finalizar cada ciclo, las plantas fueron rehidratadas durante una semana.
Sereghetti, Guilherme Corrêa [UNESP]. "Biomassa inicial do híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla vs. Eucalyptus grandis em diferentes espaçamentos". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99741.
Texto completoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A utilização da biomassa como insumo energético é uma tendência mundial. No Brasil, dentre as espécies florestais utilizadas, o eucalipto pode ser considerado a mais promissora em decorrência de uma silvicultura avançada e eficiente. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial em diferentes espaçamentos de plantio de um clone de eucalipto. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Sarapuí, estado de São Paulo, utilizando o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, contendo três blocos, com nove tratamentos quanto ao espaçamento de plantio, variando a área útil de cada planta entre 2,0 e 8,0 m². A área das parcelas era de 72 m², determinando a quantia de 9 a 36 plantas por parcela, além de uma bordadura dupla. Aos doze meses foram realizadas medições do diâmetro de colo e altura total de todas as plantas de cada parcela para determinação do volume, e foram derrubadas 1 árvore por parcela para cubagem rigorosa e coleta dos discos de madeiras à 0%, 12,5%, 37,5% e 62,5%, a fim de se determinar a densidade básica e porcentagem de casca. Aplicando-se ANOVA para as variáveis volume, densidade básica da madeira, densidade básica da casca e porcentagem de casca, obteve-se diferença significativa ao nível de 5% de significância apenas para as variáveis volume e porcentagem de casca. Com relação ao volume, os menores espaçamentos apresentaram maiores volumes por hectare. Para a variável porcentagem de casca houve certa correlação com a densidade básica da madeira. O tratamento 2x1 apresentou o maior volume por ha
The use of biomass as energy input is a worldwide trend. In Brazil, among the forest species, eucalyptus can be considered the most promising due to an advanced and efficient forestry. This study aimed to evaluate the initial development in different planting spacings of a Eucalyptus clone. The experiment was conducted in the city of Sarapuí in São Paulo state, using a randomized complete block design containing three blocks with nine treatments for planting space, varying the floor area of each plant between 2.0 and 8.0 m². The area of plots was 72 m², determining the amount of 9-36 plants per plot, plus a double border. At twelve months have been carried out measurements of stem diameter and total height of all plants in each plot to determine the volume, and were cut down one tree per plot for cubing and collection of disks of wood at 0%, 12.5%, 37.5% and 62.5% in order to determine the basic density and percentage of bark. Applying ANOVA for the variables volume, basic wood density, basic density of bark and bark percentage, obtained a significant difference at 5% significance level only for the variables volume and percentage of bark. With respect to volume, the smallest spacings had higher volumes per hectare. For the variable percentage of bark there was some correlation with basic density. Treatment 2x1 showed the largest amount per ha
Guia, Ana Filipa Fontinha. "Efeito da rega e fertilização no híbrido Eucalyptus globulus x Eucalyptus cypellocarpa". Master's thesis, ISA, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21505.
Texto completoA Eucalyptus globulus Labill. é uma das espécies que ocupa maior área florestal em Portugal, ocupando assim um lugar de destaque no quadro económico português. No entanto, tendo em consideração o clima mediterrânico que caracteriza o território nacional, a seca severa no verão afeta negativamente o seu crescimento e produtividade. Neste sentido, estudar as características morfológicas e fisiológicas em resposta ao stress hídrico do material vegetal melhorado torna-se essencial para compreender como as plantas reagem à seca. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em estudar o efeito da disponibilidade de água e nutrientes na estrutura e funcionamento de árvores do híbrido Eucalyptus globulus x Eucalyptus cypellocarpa (YG15), em árvores com nove meses de idade a crescer em condições de fertirrega e controlo (s/fertirrigação). A maior disponibilidade de água e nutrientes, permitiu um melhor estado hídrico bem como um maior crescimento do híbrido. As diferenças de crescimento encontradas devem-se ao fecho dos estomas, que levou à restrição da entrada de CO₂ e consequentemente ao declínio da concentração dos hidratos de carbono não estruturais. Observou-se um decréscimo acentuado do potencial de madrugada e do meio-dia nas árvores fertirrigadas entre a primavera e o verão, sugerindo que a água disponível nos meses de julho e agosto foi deficitária. Além disso, o decréscimo da área foliar específica (SLA) observado indica uma adaptação ao stress hídrico. No entanto, os valores de potencial hídrico não se refletiram no conteúdo relativo em água (RWC) que se manteve constante, indicando que as árvores foram eficientes na gestão e uso da água. Para a eficiência fotoquímica do fotossistema II, não encontramos diferenças entre tratamentos indicando que o sistema fotossintético não foi afetado pelo stress hídrico sazonal. Em suma, este híbrido apresentou alguma tolerância à privação de água através da diminuição da SLA e a manutenção de valores elevados de RWC
N/A
Moreira, Jorge Felipe Quintana. "Uso de antraquinona en cocción kraft de Eucalyptus globulus y Eucalyptus nitens". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2011. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5926.
Texto completoFoi analisada, experimentalmente, o efeito da adição de antraquinona ao processo kraft convencional para produção de celulose de mistura de Eucalyptus globulus e Eucalyptus nitens. Foram analisados aumentos da velocidade da reação de deslignificação e estabilidade dos carboidratos, utilizando condições industriais de cozimento batch da Celulosa Arauco y Constitucion SA, Planta Arauco. Para alcançar kappa constante (15 e 17) foram modificados os tempos de cozimentos e foram utilizadas diferentes dosagens de antraquinona. Foram estabelecidas relações lineares entre a dosagem de antraquinona e o rendimento depurado, o teor de rejeitos, o alcali residual e o teor de sólidos no licor residual. Para a dosagem máxima de AQ utilizada (0,10%) foram obtidos, para ambos os níveis de kappa, aumentos de 1,95% e 1,32% nos rendimentos depurados, economias de 14,2% e 50,4% nas cargas de álcali e decréscimos nos tempos de cozimento de 13 e 11 minutos para kappa 15 e 17, respectivamente.
En la presente disertación se verificó de manera experimental el efecto de la adición de Antraquinona al proceso de cocción batch convencional para una mezcla industrial de Eucalyptus globulus E. nitens.; en lo que respecta a su capacidad de aumentar la velocidad de la reacción de deslignificación y proporcionar estabilidad a las hemicelulosas y celulosas de la fibra. Lo anterior se logró con experiencias de laboratorio fijando las condiciones de cocción de acuerdo a la operación de los digestores batch de Celulosa Arauco y Constitución S.A., Planta Arauco. Donde para obtener un kappa constante (15 y 17) se modificó el Factor H mediante el tiempo de cocción, en distintos niveles de carga de Antraquinona. Se pudo establecer una relación lineal entre la dosificación de Antraquinona y los parámetros estudiados: rendimiento clasificado, rechazos, álcali residual, tiempo de cocción y sólidos en el licor negro. Particularmente, para la máxima dosificación de AQ utilizada en este estudio (0,1% bms) se obtuvo para ambos niveles de Kappa respecto al blanco o testigo- un aumento de 1.95% y 1.32 de rendimiento clasificado, un ahorro de álcali de 14.2% y 50.4% y una disminución de tiempo de cocción de 13 min y 11 min para Kappa 15 y 17, respectivamente.
Sereghetti, Guilherme Corrêa 1987. "Biomassa inicial do híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla vs. Eucalyptus grandis em diferentes espaçamentos /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99741.
Texto completoBanca:Marcos Antonio de Rezende
Banca: José Mauro Santana da Silva
Resumo: A utilização da biomassa como insumo energético é uma tendência mundial. No Brasil, dentre as espécies florestais utilizadas, o eucalipto pode ser considerado a mais promissora em decorrência de uma silvicultura avançada e eficiente. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial em diferentes espaçamentos de plantio de um clone de eucalipto. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Sarapuí, estado de São Paulo, utilizando o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, contendo três blocos, com nove tratamentos quanto ao espaçamento de plantio, variando a área útil de cada planta entre 2,0 e 8,0 m². A área das parcelas era de 72 m², determinando a quantia de 9 a 36 plantas por parcela, além de uma bordadura dupla. Aos doze meses foram realizadas medições do diâmetro de colo e altura total de todas as plantas de cada parcela para determinação do volume, e foram derrubadas 1 árvore por parcela para cubagem rigorosa e coleta dos discos de madeiras à 0%, 12,5%, 37,5% e 62,5%, a fim de se determinar a densidade básica e porcentagem de casca. Aplicando-se ANOVA para as variáveis volume, densidade básica da madeira, densidade básica da casca e porcentagem de casca, obteve-se diferença significativa ao nível de 5% de significância apenas para as variáveis volume e porcentagem de casca. Com relação ao volume, os menores espaçamentos apresentaram maiores volumes por hectare. Para a variável porcentagem de casca houve certa correlação com a densidade básica da madeira. O tratamento 2x1 apresentou o maior volume por ha
Abstract: The use of biomass as energy input is a worldwide trend. In Brazil, among the forest species, eucalyptus can be considered the most promising due to an advanced and efficient forestry. This study aimed to evaluate the initial development in different planting spacings of a Eucalyptus clone. The experiment was conducted in the city of Sarapuí in São Paulo state, using a randomized complete block design containing three blocks with nine treatments for planting space, varying the floor area of each plant between 2.0 and 8.0 m². The area of plots was 72 m², determining the amount of 9-36 plants per plot, plus a double border. At twelve months have been carried out measurements of stem diameter and total height of all plants in each plot to determine the volume, and were cut down one tree per plot for cubing and collection of disks of wood at 0%, 12.5%, 37.5% and 62.5% in order to determine the basic density and percentage of bark. Applying ANOVA for the variables volume, basic wood density, basic density of bark and bark percentage, obtained a significant difference at 5% significance level only for the variables volume and percentage of bark. With respect to volume, the smallest spacings had higher volumes per hectare. For the variable percentage of bark there was some correlation with basic density. Treatment 2x1 showed the largest amount per ha
Mestre
Ngusya, Musyoka. "Aspects of Eucalyptus waferboard". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28294.
Texto completoForestry, Faculty of
Graduate
Joubert, Jan-Erns. "Pyrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80179.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: In recent times, governments around the world have placed increasing focus on cleaner technologies and sustainable methods of power generation in an attempt to move away from fossil fuel derived power, which is deemed unsustainable and unfriendly to the environment. This trend has also been supported by the South African government, with clear intentions to diversify the country’s power generation by including, among others, biomass as a renewable resource for electricity generation. Woody biomass and associated forestry residues in particular, could potentially be used as such a renewable resource when considering the large amount of fast growing hardwood species cultivated in South Africa. Approximately 6.3 million ton of Eucalyptus grandis is sold annually for pulp production while a further 7 million ton of Eucalyptus species are sold as round wood. With these tree species reaching commercial maturity within 7 – 9 years in the South African climate, there is real potential in harnessing woody biomass as a renewable energy source. In this study, pyrolysis was investigated as a method to condense and upgrade E.grandis into energy and chemical rich products. The pyrolysis of E.grandis is the study of the thermal degradation of the biomass, in the absence of oxygen, to produce char and bio-oil. The thermal degradation behaviour of E.grandis was studied using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany and subsequently used to determine the isoconversional kinetic constants for E.grandis and its main lignocellulosic components. Slow, Vacuum and Fast Pyrolysis were investigated and optimised to maximise product yields and to identify the key process variables affecting product quality. The Fast Pyrolysis of E.grandis was investigated and compared on bench (KIT0.1 kg/h), laboratory (SU1 kg/h) and pilot plant scale (KIT10 kg/h), using Fast Pyrolysis reactors at Stellenbosch University (SU) in South Africa and at KIT in Germany. The Slow and Vacuum Pyrolysis of E.grandis was investigated and compared using a packed bed reactor at Stellenbosch University. The TGA revealed that biomass particle size had a negligible effect on the thermal degradation behaviour of E.grandis at a heating rate set point of 50 °C/min. It was also shown that increasing the furnace heating rates shifted the thermo-gravimetric (TG) and differential thermo-gravimetric (DTG) curves towards higher temperatures while also increasing the maximum rate of volatilisation. Lignin resulted in the largest specific char yield and also reacted across the widest temperature range of all the samples investigated. The average activation energies found for the samples investigated were 177.8, 141.0, 106.2 and 170.4 kJ/mol for holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, Klason lignin and raw E.grandis, respectively. Bio-oil yield was optimised at 76 wt. % (daf) for the SU1 kg/h Fast Pyrolysis plant using an average biomass particle size of 570 μm and a reactor temperature of 470 °C. Differences in the respective condensation chains of the various Fast Pyrolysis reactor configurations investigated resulted in higher gas and char yields for the KIT reactor configurations compared to the SU1 kg/h Fast Pyrolysis plant. Differences in the vapour residence time between Slow (>400 s) and Vacuum Pyrolysis (< 2 s) resulted in a higher liquid and lower char yield for Vacuum Pyrolysis. Local liquid yield maxima of 41.1 and 64.4 wt. % daf were found for Slow and Vacuum Pyrolysis, respectively (achieved at a reactor temperature of 450 °C and a heating rate of 17 °C/min). Even though char yields were favoured at low reactor temperatures (269 – 300 °C), the higher heating values of the char were favoured at high reactor temperatures (29 – 34 MJ/kg for 375 – 481 °C). Reactor temperature had the most significant effects on product yield and quality for the respective Slow and Vacuum Pyrolysis experimental runs. The bio-oils yielded for SP and VP were found to be rich in furfural and acetic acid.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Regerings regoor die wêreld het in die afgelope tyd toenemende fokus geplaas op skoner tegnologie en volhoubare metodes van kragopwekking in 'n poging om weg te beweeg van fossielbrandstof gebasseerde energie, wat geag word as nie volhoubaar nie en skadelik vir die omgewing. Hierdie tendens is ook ondersteun deur die Suid-Afrikaanse regering, met 'n duidelike bedoeling om die land se kragopwekking te diversifiseer deur, onder andere, biomassa as 'n hernubare bron vir die opwekking van elektrisiteit te gebruik. Houtagtige biomassa en verwante bosbou afval in die besonder, kan potensieel gebruik word as so 'n hernubare hulpbron, veral aangesien ‘n groot aantal vinnig groeiende hardehout spesies tans in Suid-Afrika verbou word. Ongeveer 6,3 miljoen ton Eucalyptus grandis word jaarliks verkoop vir pulp produksie, terwyl 'n verdere 7 miljoen ton van Eucalyptus spesies verkoop word as paal hout. Met hierdie boom spesies wat kommersiële volwassenheid bereik binne 7 - 9 jaar in die Suid-Afrikaanse klimaat, is daar werklike potensiaal vir die benutting van houtagtige biomassa as 'n hernubare energiebron. In hierdie studie is pirolise ondersoek as 'n metode om E.grandis te kondenseer en op te gradeer na energie en chemikalie ryke produkte. Die pirolise van E.grandis is die proses van termiese afbreking van die biomassa, in die afwesigheid van suurstof, om houtskool en bio-olie te produseer. Die termiese afbrekingsgedrag van E.grandis is bestudeer deur gebruik te maak van termo-gravimetriese analise (TGA) by die Karlsruhe Instituut van Tegnologie in Duitsland en daarna gebruik om die kinetiese konstantes vir die iso-omskakeling van E.grandis en sy hoof komponente te bepaal. Stadige, Vakuum en Snel pirolise is ondersoek en geoptimiseer om produk opbrengste te maksimeer en die sleutel proses veranderlikes wat die kwaliteit van die produk beïnvloed te identifiseer. Die Snel Pirolise van E.grandis is ondersoek en vergelyk op bank- (KIT0.1 kg / h), laboratorium- (SU1 kg / h) en proefaanlegskaal (KIT10 kg / h) deur gebruik te maak van Snel pirolise reaktore by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch (US) in Suid-Afrika en die Karlsruhe Instituut van Tegnologie (KIT) in Duitsland. Die Stadige en Vakuum Pirolise van E.grandis is ondersoek en vergelyk met behulp van 'n gepakte bed reaktor aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Die TGA studie het openbaar dat biomassa deeltjiegrootte 'n onbeduidende uitwerking op die termiese afbrekingsgedrag van E.grandis het by 'n verhittings tempo van 50 ° C / min. Dit is ook bewys dat die verhoging van die oond verwarming tempo die termo-gravimetriese (TG) en differensiële termo-gravimetriese (DTG) kurwes na hoër temperature verskuif, terwyl dit ook die maksimum tempo van vervlugtiging laat toeneem het. Lignien het gelei tot die grootste spesifieke houtskool opbrengs en het ook oor die wydste temperatuur interval gereageer van al die monsters wat ondersoek is. Die gemiddelde aktiveringsenergieë vir die monsters wat ondersoek is, was 177,8, 141,0, 106,2 en 170,4 kJ / mol, onderskeidelik vir holosellulose, alpha-sellulose, Klason lignien en rou E.grandis. Bio-olie opbrengs is geoptimeer teen 76 wt. % (DAF) vir die SU1 kg / h Snel Pirolise aanleg met behulp van 'n gemiddelde biomassa deeltjiegrootte van 570 μm en 'n reaktor temperatuur van 470 ° C. Verskille in die onderskeie kondensasie kettings van die verskillende Snel Pirolise aanlegte wat ondersoek is, het gelei tot hoër gas- en houtskool opbrengste vir die KIT reaktor konfigurasies in vergelyking met die SU1kg/h FP plant. Verskille in die damp retensie tyd tussen Stadige (> 400 s) en Vakuum pirolise (<2 s) het gelei tot 'n hoër vloeistof en laer houtskool opbrengs vir Vakuum Pirolise. Plaaslike vloeistof opbrengs maksima van 41,1 en 64,4 wt. % (daf) is gevind vir Stadig en Vakuum pirolise onderskeidelik, bereik by 'n reaktor temperatuur van 450 ° C en 'n verhittingstempo van 17 ° C / min. Selfs al is houtskool opbrengste bevoordeel by lae reaktor temperature (269 - 300 ° C), is die hoër warmte waardes van die houtskool bevoordeel deur hoë reaktor temperature (29 - 34 MJ / kg vir 375 - 481 ° C). Reaktor temperatuur het die mees beduidende effek op die produk opbrengs en kwaliteit vir die onderskeie Stadige Pirolise en Vakuum Pirolise eksperimentele lopies gehad. Die bio-olies geproduseer tydens Stadige en Vakuum Pirolise was ryk aan furfuraal en asynsuur.
Braz, Rafael Leite. "Influência das tensões de crescimento e da poda sobre a qualidade da madeira de Eucalyptus dunnil, Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus saligna". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/37912.
Texto completoCo-orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcio Pereira Rocha
Co-orientador : Prof. Dr. José Guilherme Prata
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa: Curitiba, 12/12/2014
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Área de concentração : Tecnologia e utilização de produtos florestais
Resumo: No Brasil, as espécies do gênero Eucalyptus são as mais plantadas, sendo amplamente empregadas em diversos setores de base florestal e madeireira. Um dos problemas encontrados no uso da madeira para obtenção de produtos sólidos são as tensões de crescimento e a presença de nós. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a influência das tensões de crescimento e da poda sobre a qualidade da madeira destinada à geração de produtos sólidos de espécies do gênero Eucalyptus, entre elas o Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus grandis e o Eucalytus saligna, através do uso de metodologias não destrutivas e convencionais. O material utilizado para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi proveniente de plantios florestais da empresa GRANFLOR, localizados na região de Rosário do Sul - RS, com 28, 40, 52 e 65 meses de idade. A avaliação da qualidade da madeira foi realizada em duas etapas: Capítulo 1: Avaliação das tensões de crescimento sobre a qualidade da madeira de Eucalyptus para geração de produtos sólidos. Neste capítulo, avaliaram-se as tensões de crescimento da madeira, através da deformação residual longitudinal (DRL), analisando, também, as variáveis de crescimento da árvore, bem como algumas propriedades físicas e mecânicas da madeira. As informações foram obtidas por métodos convencionais de acordo com normas já estabelecidas e por técnicas não destrutivas para mensuração da DRL e análise por espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo. Com base nos resultados foram realizadas analises estatísticas, com o intuito de determinar e agrupar as informações a respeito da qualidade tecnológica da madeira e suas perspectivas. Capítulo 2: Efeito da poda sobre a qualidade da madeira de Eucalyptus. Avaliou-se o sistema de poda empregado pela empresa, verificando a qualidade da cicatrização interna dos nós, bem como a extensão do núcleo nodoso e a estimativa da madeira limpa. De modo geral, os métodos utilizados, tanto convencionais quanto os não destrutivos, demostraram ser promissores e apresentaram-se como uma possível ferramenta para a caracterização da madeira. Os resultados colaboraram para a obtenção de infomações e na indicação de material que tendem a apresentar as caracterísiticas de maior interesse, visando à obtenção de uma madeira com maior valor agregado e livre de defeitos, destinada à geração de produtos sólidos. Palavras-chave: Eucalyptus. Deformação residual longitudinal. Nós. Produtos sólidos.
Abstract: In Brazil, species of Eucalyptus are commonly grown, is widely employed in various sectors of based forest industries. One of the problems found in the use of wood to obtain solid products are growth stresses and the presence of knots. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate of the influence of growth stresses and pruning on the wood quality of for the making of solid products of Eucalyptus species, among them the Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus saligna using nondestructive and conventional methodologies. The material used for the development of the research came from forest plantations the GRANFLOR company located in the region of Rosário do Sul - RS, with 28, 40, 52 and 65 months of age. Evaluation wood quality was performed in two stages: Chapter 1: Evaluation of growth stress on quality of Eucalyptus wood for making of solid products. This chapter analized the growth stresses in wood by longitudinal residual strain, also analyzing the variables of tree growth, the physical and mechanical properties of wood. Information has been obtained by conventional methods according to established standards and through non-destructive techniques used to measure the longitudinal residual strain and analysis of near-infrared spectroscopy. Based on the results were performed statistical analyzes in order to determine and cluster the information about the technological quality of the wood and its perspectives. Chapter 2: Effect of pruning on quality of Eucalyptus wood. Evaluated the system of pruning employed by the company, checking the quality of the internal healing of the knots as well as the extent of the knotty core and the estimation of clear wood. In general, the methods used in both conventional and non-destructive be demonstrated promising and presented as a possible tool for characterization of timber. The results contributed to obtain information and indication of material that to present more characteristic tend to have higher interest, in order a superior wood with higher value addedand free from defects intended for making solid products. Keywords: Eucalyptus. Longitudinal residual strain. Knots. Solid products.
Brondani, Gilvano Ebling. "Miniestaquia e micropropagaçao de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage X Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/15815.
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