Tesis sobre el tema "Étude structurelle"
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De, Souza Rodrigo. "Étude structurelle des transducteurs de norme bornée". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004322.
Texto completoBesson, Pierre. "Étude des modifications de connectivité cérébrale structurelle dans l'épilepsie". Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S051.
Texto completoEpilepsy is a frequent disease affecting 0.5 to 1% of the general population, characterized by recurrent seizures responsible for severe medical and psychosocial handicaps. The causes of epilepsy may be antenatal or acquired brain lesions, genetic history or metabolic disorders. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common medically intractable epilepsy in adults, often associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Although TLE has been perceived for a long time as a hippocampal disorder, many studies show that the disease actually affects brain regions beyond the hippocampus and temporal lobe suggesting diffuse alteration of the brain structural network. However, these alterations are still unknown. Recent advances in diffusion weighted imaging and processing allow for the acquisition of brain anatomical images and the modeling of white matter fibers. Brain network architecture can then be represented mathematically by means of a graph, called “structural connectome”, defining the strength of the structural links (white matter fibers) across brain regions.The purpose of this thesis is to identify structural network alterations associated with epilepsy, in particular TLE. The secondary objective is to develop new methods for extracting the structural connectome in order to increase the anatomical accuracy and better localize network alterations.Therefore, we first review the state of the art of the methods used for extracting and analyzing the structural connectome and establish their limitations. We then introduce a new method to extract the structural connectome with increased anatomical accuracy, which we called “high-resolution structural connectome”. The purpose is to provide a framework to analyze brain connectivity at high-resolution and to define the necessary tools for individual and group analysis, keeping in mind processing time and memory and disk usages.Then, we analyze the structural connectome of TLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis to reveal underlying pathological network, we also highlight pathological network discrepancies between left and right sided lesions. Inter- and intra-subject stability and repeatability of the high-resolution structural connectome are assessed with a cohort of healthy subjects. We demonstrate potential clinical interest by observing subtle structural differences between two groups of healthy subjects and by delineating the sub-fields of the striatum. Finally, our method is applied to the pathological case of TLE and aims at uncover structural connectivity alterations of the hippocampo-amygdalian complex, known to be involved in TLE.In conclusion, we extend our current knowledge on TLE by showing that this is a network disease involving widespread brain regions, whose pattern largely depends on lesion laterality. We also introduce a new method for extracting the structural connectome at high-resolution, considerably increasing the anatomical accuracy. The interest of this method is demonstrated on healthy subjects to better characterize the healthy brain and on the diseased brain to localize more precisely the brain regions associated with the pathology
Kabuta, N. S. "La formule et l'autopanégyrique dans les traditions orales africaines: étude structurelle". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212519.
Texto completoCaspard, Nathalie. "Étude structurelle et algorithmique de classes de treillis obtenus par duplications". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010075.
Texto completoQuaddoura, Ruzayn. "Méthodes de décomposition, étude structurelle et algorithmique de nouvelles familles de graphes". Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIE0306.
Texto completoLansiaux, Valérie. "Entre identités et représentations sociales : étude de la professionnalité autour de l'illettrisme : étude structurelle, analytique et comparative". Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50377-2004-10.pdf.
Texto completoHarbour, Steven. "Étude dynamique et structurelle d'un matériau H-PDLC sensible dans le proche IR". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24722/24722.pdf.
Texto completoMaffray, Frédéric. "Une étude structurelle des graphes parfaits : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]". Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10158.
Texto completoCherrier, Raphaël. "Étude de systèmes de spins complexes ou désordonnés : analogies avec la transition vitreuse structurelle". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840704.
Texto completoBellalem, Nadia. "Étude du mode de désignation dans un dialogue homme-machine finalise a forte composante langagière : analyse structurelle et interprétation". Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10328.
Texto completoSaiter, Jean-Marc. "Coordinence des atomes de bismuth dans les alliages amorphes de sélénium bismuth : étude par relaxation structurelle et mesure de conductivité". Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES022.
Texto completoFuchs, Frank. "Contribution à la reconstruction du bâti en milieu urbain, à l'aide d'images aériennes stéréoscopiques à grande échelle : étude d'une approche structurelle". Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA058004.
Texto completoAlvarez, Christophe. "Masques Op. 34, Karol Szymanowski : étude de l’implication structurelle des différents niveaux du parcours harmonique : Analyse du discours et problématiques interprétatives". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2018/document.
Texto completoThe purpose of this study is to show—by means of a rigorous analysis of the harmonic principles which govern the multiple sections of the piano triptych Masques Op. 34 of Karol Szymanowski — that beyond the apparently heterogeneous surface the musical discourse is subtly and coherently organised by the interpenetration of two layers: the immediate perception of sound structure and the underlayer which proceeds from the order of the harmonic fundamentals. This thesis also proposes suggestions for interpretation, determined by the analytical experience
Bayol, Catherine. "Une approche structurelle et comportementale de modélisation pour la vérification de composants VLSI". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005027.
Texto completoMouko, Jean-Pierre. "Les dynamiques de l'économie informelle en Afrique subsaharienne : une étude empirique de la transition structurelle des micro-entreprises en République du Congo". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS011S.
Texto completoThe continuous expansion of the informal economy of the last four decades, the accelerated urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the structural poverty in this continent underline the urgency of the structural transition of the micro-enterprise (MSME). This thesis suggests understanding the processes of birth, development and formalization of the MSME in SSA. It rests on an institutionalist approach which connects the MSME with its societal base. The study makes a synthesis of the explanatory theories of the informal economy and the micro-enterprise, and builds a reading grid of the structural transition of the MSME. The work is based on a survey led in 2011 with 279 urban micro-entrepreneurs of the Republic of the Congo. This thesis establishes a typology of the MSME in six groups from the size of the capital and the staff, their origin: community and market and of their use of strong ties or weak ties; theorizes about the production of social and economic added value; distinguishes the legal formalization of the economic formalization; proposes five trajectories of transformation and six strategies of break and proposes new public policies targeting the structural transition of the MSME. As an alternative to the long and risky process of a westernization of Africa, the thesis draws the outlines of a new African capitalism centred on the MSME which realizes a hybridization between the weak ties of the market and the strong ties provided by the community social structures
Edde, Manon. "Approche multimodale de connectivité fonctionnelle et structurelle pour l’analyse du déclin cognitif au cours du vieillissement : étude au sein de la cohorte des 3Cités". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP011.
Texto completoAging is associated with changes in the brain, the heterogeneity of which partly explains the inter-individual variability of cognitive decline. These changes concern both the structural and functional aspects. Multimodal brain imaging has provided some insights into the structure-function relationship, but this has been little studied in the context of aging. In this work, functional rest (CF) and structural (CS) connectivity from native space were explored in 120 elderly subjects (cohort 3C) to study their relationship to cognitive trajectories modeled on the 12 years of follow-up. In our sample, elevated interhemispheric CF levels are associated with global changes in cerebral parenchyma (gray matter atrophy and white matter injury burden) and episodic memory decline. The diffusion parameters corrected for free-water, extracted from the cingulum tract are associated with the decline in verbal fluency. On the other hand, high CF and low CS between posterior ventral cingulate cortex (vPCC) and precuneus A7m are associated with episodic memory decline, regardless of hippocampal volume. Finally, the elderly subjects present a deficit of short-term reorganization of the rest-functional architecture after a learning task. Thus, cerebral aging is associated with different patterns of CF changes (increase, decrease, short-term reorganization deficit) thus providing to the brain a more complex response repertoire than CS
Vassal, François. "Le Connectome du Langage dans le cerveau humain : étude structurelle et foncionnelle en tractographie par Imagerie tensorielle de diffusion, IRM fonctionnelle et stimulation électrique peropératoire". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM12.
Texto completoThe langage connectome is defined as the neuronal networks that subserve languagefunctions. Anatomically, it comprises specialized cortical areas and modulatory subcortical areas (i.e. deepgray nuclei and cerebellum), as well as their interconnections trough white matter (WM) fascicles.Although brain regions involved in language have been largely explored thanks to functional MRI (fMRI)and intraoprative electrical stimulation (IES), the underlying WM connectivity is still not mastered. It isnot only unknown which WM fascicles specifically contribute to language, but there is also much debateabout their precise anatomy and the functions they subserve during language processing. Betterunderstanding of the structural and functional organization of the language connectome is requisite toreduce postoperative morbidity in neurosurgery and develop targeted treatments for aphasiarehabilitation. Herein, our objective was to map structurally and functionally, in vivo, the subcorticalconnectivity of language. First, we conducted a preclinical study in 20 healthy subjects, combining DTItractography and fMRI (reading comprehension task) to yield connectivity associated with language. Weexplored 8 WM fascicles that have been proposed as putative candidates for language —i.e. arcuatefascicle, superior longitudinal fascicle, inferior fronto-occipital fascicle, uncinate fascicle, inferiorlongitudinal fascicle, middle longitudinal fascicle, operculopremotor fascicle, frontal aslant tract—, towhich we assigned functionality by tracking their connections to the fMRI-derived clusters. We generateda normative database of anatomical characteristics for each WM fascicle, such as volume, length, corticalterminations and their interhemispheric and interindividual variations. By using this construct, weprovided in explicit details the structural map of the language connectome. Second, this body ofknowledge was transposed to brain tumor surgery. Patients suffering of gliomas located close to languageregions were operated on under local anesthesia (i.e. awake surgery) in order to perform intraoperativelanguage mapping (object naming task). Essential language sites were localized through IES andanatomically characterized thanks to navigated tractography images. This intraoperative protocol allowedmaximum tumor resection while preserving language functions. Furthermore, it gave us a uniqueopportunity to perform reliable, real-time structure – function relationships, determining the role of 5WM fascicles (arcuate fascicle, inferior fronto-occipital fascicle, frontal aslant tract, orofacial premotorfibers, frontostriatal fascicle) in different subcomponents of language, i.e. phonological processing,semantic processing, articulatory planning, motor control and executive/cognitive control of verbalresponse. Globally considered, our results allow a better understanding of the anatomo-functionalorganization of the language network in the human brain. Beyond the scientific interest, the possibility toconstruct the individual (patient-specific) connectome paves the way for major applications inneurosurgery, in the perspective of personalized medicine. Today, the maximum safe resection of braintumors located in eloquent language areas, guided by navigated, multimodal images. Tomorrow, thedevelopment of new treatments for rehabilitation of post-stroke aphasia patients, such as the targeteddelivery of drugs, stem cells, or neuromodulation devices, fitting with the residual functional connectivityspared by the lesion
Dubuis, Simon. "Études de monocouches moléculaires par spectroscopies optiques linéaires et non linéaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0370.
Texto completoPhotocommutable molecules exhibiting different nonlinear optical responses (NLO) between two states are particularly promising for information encoding and storage applications at the molecular scale. This thesis focuses on two families of photocommutable molecules: azobenzenes and Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA). We studied their linear optical properties using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy in solution. The quadratic ONL responses of the molecules were characterized by hyper-Rayleigh scattering. We explored different molecular architectures of azobenzenes and DASA promoting photocommutation kinetics and strong ONL response, by varying the electron-acceptor and electron-donor moieties. An experimental setup was also developed to monitor photocommutation kinetics in real time. In the second part, devoted to the study of these molecules grafted onto glass slides in the form of self-assembled monolayers (SAM), only azobenzene SAMs in an ONL-active form were obtained and characterized. We investigated their anisotropic linear optical properties by UV-Visible polarized reflection-absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis RAS). From these polarization studies, we were able to experimentally estimate the surface concentration of azobenzene (typically of the order of one molecule per nm²), from a simple model based on the average absorption in solution and in monolayer. The quadratic ONL responses of the SAMs were characterized by polarized second harmonic reflection (R-SHG). To carry out these studies, we developed and optimized a high-performance R-SHG reflectometer. We were able to demonstrate the high selectivity and sensitivity of this R-SHG setup dedicated to the study of interfaces between air and the probed medium. A wide range of incident and reflected polarization measurements, including surface imaging (spatial resolution ~5x20 µm²), were used to characterize the SHG response of SAMs and assess their homogeneity on a scale of a few micrometers. Using R-SHG measurements, we were able to evaluate the main ONL susceptibilities ratio. Finally, from the linear dichroism and the main ONL susceptibilities ratio obtained by UV-Vis RAS and R-SHG respectively, we determined the orientation distribution functions of the photochromes using an entropy-maximizing statistical approach. These novel approaches enable us to estimate the π-π and dipole-dipole interaction effects present in the different azobenzenes
Wang, Xi. "Étude du développement structurel de réseau métropolitain de Paris, et les enseignements du cas parisien pour le développement métropolitain de la ville de Wuhan (Chine)". Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080083/document.
Texto completoIn the era of fast urbanisation in the developing countries, our world is now facing many challenges in the context of global warming. In order to solve these difficulties, certain developing countries have started in the last few years to promote increasingly the role of public transportation. It is also the case in china in 2020 that 1755 km of metro line was built in seventeen cities. However, according to the international experiences, there can be great financials risks in construction of metro system. Even though, the metro development in china is overheating. The general research objective is to study the structural characteristic of metro network in Paris and its development in order to give suggestions for the metro development in Wuhan. In order to attain this objective, we have adopted the structural centrality analyse to study the metro network in Paris and Wuhan. The indicator structural centrality (centrality in short) evaluates the simplest distance to reach the destination. It means that with the less turning to do in a road network. For the metro network, it means the less changes of lines. The results showed us that the centrality analyses could indicate the relative importance of the metro stations in a network. It could allow the urban planners and designers to estimate the entering traffic of the stations. Eventually, this indicator could be used to analyse and compare the different plans of metro networks
Suzuki, Yuko. "Evolution structurelle d'une société tribale du sud-ouest de l'Iran en conséquence de la modernisation politique : une étude anthropologique de la communauté des Owrīzī de la tribu Došmanziyārī dans le département de Kohgiluye va Boirahmad". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0436.
Texto completoThe tribal people in the department of Kohgiluye va Boirahmad in the southwest of Iran have experienced a historical social transformation since the last century. As early as the modern administration substituted the khāns‘ rule in 1964, a new tax system and the land reform made some changes for the people‘s economic resources: the tribal people living by pastoral or agro-pastoral activities began to farm their grazing land, and the most of them settled down in one of their two territories, wintering area or summering one, to end the nomadic life. After the Islamic revolution in 1979, the economic transformation went further on. In the Zagros Mountains, some economic infrastructure was set up and various development programs, including popularization of the national education, were carried out. As a result, a massive demographic movement from the countryside to the urban areas was launched. Then, the persons who profited from the 1960s‘ national education spread, after having graduated from college or university, formed political elite groups in the local cities. Inthe hope of contributing to the regional development, the relations between social structure transformation and the recent political modernization in an Iranian tribe are investigated in this thesis. The field research is realized in two dimensions in order to analyze the social dynamism on the individual level, in the same time to synthesize the general movements in the department of Kohgiluye va Boirahmad, composed of several tribes of the Lōrs and of the Qašqāyi: 1- Ethnographic research with some long-term participation in a tribal community, called the Owrīzī, having 737 inhabitants 2- Sociologic research through numbers of interviews with Iranian development experts, local historians and some big men in the region, as well as documentation of the department
Nachtane, Mourad. "Énergies marines renouvelables et étude des performances des matériaux composites : cas d'une hydrolienne". Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENTA0010.
Texto completoRecently, Renewable Marine Energies (RME) has emerged as a tremendous opportunity for a real ecological and industrial choice to meet the growing demands for energy and also to fight global warming. The study conducted in this thesis is with in this framework of research and is focused on the investigation of one of the most promising categories of RMEs which is tidal current turbine. A new hydrofoil for the turbine was designed using BEM (Blade Element Momentum) methods and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) calculations with improved hydrodynamic efficiency. Furthermore, a series of numerical studies were conducted to investigate and examine the damage behavior of composite materials under critical loadings by developing DLOAD and VUMAT routines. This numerical study assisted in understanding the problems of structural lightening, resistance to fatigue and impact loading, and other degradation phenomena of themechanical properties of a composite turbine in severe marine environments and solving the needs of the manufactures. Moreover, study about the dynamic behavior of a composite/composite bonded assembly was also conducted because joint assembly plays a vital role in reducing the mass of the structure which is of extreme relevance in the field of marine and offshore structures. Another important obstacle regarding the application of composite and bonded structures in marine was the control of hygro-mechanical coupling. Therefore in this context, additional campaign of tests was carried out on bonded composite specimens by studying the hygrothermal effect on their dynamic behavior at different deformation rates using Hopkinson bar method. This hybrid study of hygro-thermal effect of the dynamic properties of the bonded composites will aid in optimization of the structures and to move into the commercial phase with a substantial gain in LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy) in future
Chenevoy, Yannick. "Reconnaissance structurelle de documents imprimés : études et réalisations". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL132N.
Texto completoPiché, David. "Le problème des universaux dans l'Isagogè de Porphyre selon quelques commentateurs latins du XIIIe siècle (Pseudo-Robertus Anglicus, Jean le Page, Nicolas de Paris et Robert Kilwardby) : édition critique sélective, traduction française, analyses structurelle et formelle et étude historico-philosophique". Paris, EPHE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPHE5014.
Texto completoIn the history of the porphyrian problem of universals, nothing is known about the way this problem was treated by the philosophers of the Paris University between 1230 and 1260. Our thesis attempts to fill in this lack of knowledge, following a three steps development : first, we offer a critical edition of a substantial part of the hitherto unedited Pseudo-Robertus Anglicus' commentary on Porphyry's Isagoge, along with a French translation ; secondly, we carry out a survey of the internal architecture of this commentary and some other similar texts written by contemporary philosophers, namely Jean le Page, Nicolas de Paris and Robert Kilwardby ; finaly, through a comparative and historical study of these unedited documents, we bring out and discuss the philosophical content of the Pseudo-Robertus Anglicus' porphyrian commentary
Piché, David. "Le problème des universaux dans l'Isagoge de Porphyre selon quelques commentateurs latins du XIIIe siècle (Pseudo-Robertus Anglicus, Jean le Page, Nicolas de Paris et Robert Kilwardby) : édition critique sélective, traduction française, analyses structurelle et formelle et étude historico-philosophique". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/42828.
Texto completoMohung, Mohammad Illam. "Transformations structurelles et emploi : une étude comparative entre la Tunisie et l'Île Maurice". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010007.
Texto completoTunisia and Mauritius adopted in the 1980s a labour intensive export-oriented strategy based on the development of export processing zone. Through this strategy, government played the enabling role of a central facilitator in providing the necessary back-up and institutional support to encourage foreign investment for the industrial development process and for a high rate employment creation to absorb existing unemployed labour. In view of preparing local private enterprise to take over from foreign investors, government is committed to further liberalise the economic system and reduce the role of the state. Like other industrial process, this developement strategy has brought about important change in the economic structure. Chenery's criteria help in apprehending it. The main objective of this comparative study is to show how the industrial development process leads to important structural change producing different effects on employment in the two countries
Canitrot, Sébastien. "Étude des propriétés structurelles d'observabilité et de diagnosticabilité des systèmes bilinéaires par approche graphique". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456075.
Texto completoRimaux, Stéphane. "Étude des propriétés structurelles de certaines classes de systèmes physiques non linéaires modélisés par bond graph". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10141.
Texto completoMampuya, Basidimeso. "Les politiques de prix agricoles de l'intervention étatique au libéralisme : une étude comparative". Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0026.
Texto completoHiguet, Julien. "Études structurelles et dynamiques de systèmes atomiques ou moléculaires par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555111.
Texto completoFontanel, Gautier. "Les transformations structurelles des clubs sportifs : recherche d'un cadre d'analyse approprié à leur gestion". Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_fontanel_g.pdf.
Texto completoThe thesis first raises the following question: is a sporting club a company ? Given the heterogeneitv of the federate competitive sporting clubs, there is no single answer. In the absence of an own framework of analysis and given the "Tradization" of the sport, we analyse the contrasted evolutions of the sporting clubs during the XXe century. The history is often revealing of the future. The search for an improvment of the management methods of the sporting clubs, whic represents the main objective of the thesis, ran up against the lack of conceptualization and the insufficient precision of the existing recommendations. From this report, a conceptual system founded on the Models of metamorphosis has been set up, in order to classify the various types of existing clubs and to put forward in a context of markets' enlarging, tlie close connections between the growth of the organizations and the resort to the values and the methods of business management. It is a question of drawing a picture of the profiles of sporting clubs so as to offer for each one of them some recommendations in keeping with their level of development. This field study related to sporting clubs within five popular sporting disciplines in France, namely Football, Rugby, Basketball, Handball and Hockey. On the whole, 28 sporting clubs have been questioned, on the basis of 20 significant characteristics of the level of a club development. After having highlighted five stages of development. The use of the characteristics makes it possible to show an unquestionable simultaneity of characteristics' qualities and to define, for each club its level of development. On the basis of this new conceptualization of the sporting clubs in their diversity and with the determination of catalysts that are useful and effective at each level of development, the research proposes to highlight the progressive changes of dimension of the clubs in order to develop an effective strategy taking into account thc possible crisis that a change of dimension can cause in the club's life. In short, the thesis proposes a new framework of analysis of the sporting clubs and an original topology based on their level of development. It shows a tendency of evolution of the clubs, from which business strategies can be suggested
Atanga, Fongue Roland. "Contrôle fiscal et protection du contribuable dans un contexte d'ajustement structurel : le cas du Cameroun". Le Mans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LEMAA001.
Texto completoAlapini, Omer Fortuné. "Dimensions sociales de l'ajustement structurel et développement durable : étude prospective à travers le cas du Bénin". Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0060.
Texto completoSikora, Dorota. "Les verbes de manière de mouvement en polonais et en français : éléments pour une étude comparée des propriétés structurelles des prédicats". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN21015/document.
Texto completoThe aim of the dissertation is to analyze Polish and French manner of motion verbs and the properties that they display as predicates. In both languages, the argument structures of such predicates determine the verb grammatical behavior. Chapter 1 is a presentation of the theoretical and methodological frame for the analysis that follow in chapters 2, 3 and 4. Chapter 2 focuses on one of the two sub-groups currently distinguished among Polish manner of motion verbs. Isc, jechac, plynac, biec, leciec, frunac, pelznac are known as determinate verbs; they lexicalize as manner and path of motion. The verbs taken under analysis in chapter 3 form the indetreminate sub-group : chodzic, jezdzic, plywac, biegac, latac, fruwac, pelzac conflate motion and its manner, but unlike their determinate correpondents, their lexical meaning does not contain any information relative to path. The French manner of motion verbs (marcher, rouler, courir, nager, voler, ramper) discussed in chapter 4 share certain semantic properties with Polish indeterminate, thus the former are able to describe a motion spatially ordered along a path, while the latter disallow any adverbial modifier imposes such a scalar organization. Chapter 5 summarizes the main differences between Polish and French manner of motion verbs. They appear clearly in their functioning as predicates. In Polish, manner of motion verbs from determinate and indeterminate group as well, have a multiple argument structure. They may take only one semantic argument or select an aspectual semantic argument. In other words, they are able to describe as well telic and atelic motion events. On the other side, French manner of motion verbs, except courir, are one-argument predicates that reject the aspectual argument Terminus modifying the atelicity of their lexical aspect
Li, Yan. "Analyse structurale du complexe de la cohésine". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV012.
Texto completoThe cohesin complex is required for numerous chromosomal transactions including sister chromatid cohesion, DNA damage repair, transcriptional regulation and control of 3D chromatin architecture. How cohesin engages chromatin has remained a major question. The basic subunits of cohesin, Smc1, Smc3, Scc1 assemble a ring-shaped complex via connection of the heterodimeric SMC ‘hinge’ domains contributed by of Smc1 and Smc3, and through linkage of the SMC ATPase domains by Scc1. Additional accessory factors play important roles in different aspects of cohesin function, such as Scc3, which promotes the association of cohesin with DNA, the loading and unloading complexes, Scc2-Scc4 and Pds5-Wapl respectively, responsible for cohesin loading and its disassociation from chromatin. During S phase, an acetyltransferase called Eco1 acetylates the ATPase domain of Smc3 and triggers the stabilization, or establishment, of cohesion. To further augment cohesion, an additional metazoan factor, sororin forms a complex with Pds5 to prevent Wapl binding. During metaphase, centromeric cohesin is protected by the shugoshin-PP2A complex. In metazoans, cohesin is released from chromosomes in two major steps. The first requires cohesin phosphorylation and allows Wapl to bind Pds5 again to mediate cleavage-independent release of cohesin from chromosome arms. The second transpires upon fulfilment of spindle assembly and requires activation of a protease called separase, resulting in Scc1 cleavage, thus releasing sister chromatids to be segregated into daughter cells. Beyond cohesion, it is also becoming apparent that cohesin plays more diverse roles by interacting with a plethora of other factors, most notably CTCF, a zinc finger protein that is known as an insulator, which has been reported to collaborate with cohesin in determining 3D genome structure.To understand how cohesin engages DNA, I investigated the DNA binding properties of previously identified globular sub-complexes. By determining a crystal structure of the budding yeast Scc3 bound to a fragment of the Scc1 kleisin subunit and DNA, I could demonstrate that Scc3 and Scc1 form a composite DNA interaction module. The Scc3-Scc1 subcomplex engages double-stranded DNA through a conserved, positively charged surface. We demonstrate that this conserved domain is required for DNA binding by Scc3-Scc1 in vitro, as well as for the enrichment of cohesin on chromosomes and for cell viability. These findings suggest that the Scc3-Scc1 DNA-binding interface plays a central role in the recruitment of cohesin complexes to chromosomes and therefore for cohesin to faithfully execute its functions during cell division.To investigate the molecular basis of the reported functional collaboration between cohesin and CTCF in defining 3D chromosome structure, I identified and determined the structure of a ternary complex composed of human SA2 (an orthologue of Scc3), Scc1 and CTCF. The structure revealed a wide-spread SA2-Scc1 binding motif which was found to be present not only in CTCF, but also other functionally related factors, including shugoshin and Wapl. Competition pulldown assays indicated that binding of these factors to SA2-Scc1 was mutually exclusive, which strongly suggested that they interact with cohesin via similar mechanisms. To demonstrate this principle, I was able to determine a structure of shugoshin in complex with SA2-Scc1, which confirmed that both shugoshin and CTCF bind the same conserved surface on cohesin
Laplénie, Jean-François. ""Puissances voisines" : études pour une histoire structurelle de la réception de la psychanalyse dans les milieux littéraires de langue allemande (1900-1930)". Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030093.
Texto completoThe constitution of the psychoanalytical movement around Sigmund Freud in the decade 1900-1910 corresponds to a strategy aiming to diffuse Freudian psychoanalysis into the literary field, which initiates a situation of concurrency between the two domains. The writers react to this attack against their own territory by insisting on the fundamental difference between their artistic practice and psychoanalysis : through a reflection on the knowledge of the writer, as opposed to that of the scientist ; through a reinterpretation and a translation of Freudian concepts according to the codes of the literary field, notably those of Romanticism ; through a strategy of public controversy, in the press or in their own works. This counter-attack ends in a defusing of the danger by way of integrating psychoanalysis inside the literary device. The present study analyses those mechanisms using P. Bourdieu’s theory of fields and M. Espagne and M. Werner’s theory of cultural transfers
Zivoder, Alex. "Chômage d'inadéquation sur micro-marchés efficaces : étude de l'existence, de la stabilité et de la mesure du phénomène". Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0057.
Texto completoThe main purpose of this dissertation is to study the mismatch between labour supply and demand, defined as a state where job vacancies coexist with unemployed persons at the global level of a labour market broken down in tiny micro-markets, each of them perfectly efficient in terms of its capacity to match labour supplies and demands. The first chapter analyses the conditions necessary to the existence of a "micro-mismatch" equilibrium. It introduces not only the way the fixed price equilibrium theory proposes to formalise trades in an economy made of micro-markets, on each of which a fixed and rigid wage prevails, but also the conditions for the existence of labour supply and demand curves as well as the limits of deriving beveridge curves based on a partial equilibrium approach and of constructing the space of goods using the nomenclature hypothesis. Following the analysis of the first chapter, the reader may be naturally tempted to believe that vacancy and unemployment coexist because of rigid wages and prices. However, a critical analysis establishes that unemployed persons and vacant jobs may coexist even if trades are all made at walrasian prices on every micro-market. The second chapter draws on the analysis developed by the non-tatonnement models to bring to light a number of factors each capable of generating persistent vacancies and unemployment. The third chapter introduces the indicators proposed by the fixed price equilibrium theory to measure the size of micro-mismatch. Some general results are established that do not rely on the concept of statistical distributions of demands and supplies and strengthen the key role played by the variance of desequilibria in measureing the phenomenon. One demonstrates the constancy of the variance along any beveridge curve, whatever the initial distribution of micro-supplies and micro-demands. Finally, this chapter proposes a line of research aiming at determining the number of labour micro-markets of an economy. The conclusion puts in perspective these results with the achievements of the english schools, in particular that of the nairu
Raissouni, Omar. "Financement et ajustement des comptes extérieurs : (étude centré sur les pays du Maghreb, 1974-1984)". Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA131000.
Texto completoThis study has shown, at last that the deconnexion of the external constraint from the internal ajustments, due to international indebtedness, has rapidily reached limits. These limits have forced the ldc's to adjust drastically their external accounts in order to adapt their needs to their importation capacity. Consequently, their economic growth have been affected negatively. In the maghreb countries, the limits of indebtedness have obliged these countries, one after the other, to adopt different adjustment policies. Morocco which has been the most affected by negative external chocs, has been also the first con fronted to the adjustment. The adjustment policies applied by these countries, have succeeded to reduce their external imbalances, but their economic growth as well as the living standard of the population, were notably affected, particularily in morocco were the adjustment has been the most drastic. In spite of that, the indebtedness level of these countries remain high. Consequently, the adjustment effort should be maintained, but this adjustment should be selective : elimination of wastes, wrestling against fiscal fraud and escape, reduction of expenses that have little effect of stimulating economic activity, particulary import-competing and exported oriented industries, finally increase of direct taxes contribution to the government revenues. More fundamentaly, however, in order to avoid deflationary adjustments and prepare the conditions of a sustainable growth in the long, these countries must elaborate a new policy of international insertion and engage in that way a structural adjustment process : exploration of the possibilites of new manufacturing exports development, stimulation of food production (above all cereals), development of local equipment goods production in order to break down the gearing between increase of industrial production and increase more then proportionally of equipment goods imports
Jacob, Sergot. "Capital humain, productivité agricole et rationalité des agriculteurs : Une étude empirique avec application de l'approche "Data Envelopment Analysis" sur données d'Haïti". Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0219.
Texto completoAgriculture in Haiti declines for seve raI decades, but still plays a crucial role in the economy. Using a unique cross sectional data set of 815 farms, l study, in two stages, first the farms' productive efficiency (using a DEA estimator), and second, the factors that are linked with (from Tobit models) paying a particular attention to an expanded human capital concept. Empirical results show that productive efficiency is in average 21. 45% and only 3% of the farmers operate on efficient frontier. While human capital, institutions' and market access, remittances, increase farmers' efficiency, other factors-such cultural values, institutional weaknesses, and technical and economic environment-lead a counterproductive effect. By the way, this research adds a new dimension to literature on efficiency by quantifying the impact of cultural variables and showing the mechanisms by which they operate. We also explore the determinants of incomes strategies adopted by the farmers in their battle for subsistence. Having controlled for social capital, access to informaI and formaI institutions, location, we provide empirical evidence of the critical role of the human capital as the main determinant of the most remunerative income strategies. We also show that poverty change the options for a subgroup of farmers constrained in selling his labour force to the richest farmers in order to get supplementary incomes. In this latter case, the social capital plays an indirect and positive role
Bădoiu, Mihaela Cătălina. "Disparités régionales et croissance économique en Europe de l'Est : l’impact de l'utilisation des fonds européens sur la convergence réelle en Roumanie". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A025.
Texto completoThe PhD thesis entitled "Regional disparities and economic growth in Eastern Europe - The impact of European Funds on real convergence in Romania" aimed at conducting an impact analysis of the European integration on real convergence in Eastern European Member States, during the 2007-2013 programming period. Using a mix of specific methods, techniques and software, the research included a series of analyses on the Structural Funds allocated to the regions of three Eastern European countries (Poland, Romania and Bulgaria), an inventory of good practices (the case of Portugal, considered a success story within this investigative framework), as well as statistical models of convergence testing, which sought to measure the effect of allocations on regional economic growth. In the last part of the paper, we analyzed the social perception on European integration and regional policies, in order to further outline some measures which are relevant to the improvement of the management of the regional operational programs. The main original points of the paper are: an interdisciplinary analysis on the impact of European Funds, during the 2007-2013 reference period, using various statistical and econometric methods of hypothesis testing; the presentation of good practices in the implementation of regional projects that can be replicated in Eastern Europe; a comparative analysis (in certain time intervals, as well as qualitatively, through documentary analysis) in the three aforementioned Eastern European States. Another contribution is the analysis method of the impact of EU Funds, which is based on correlating the program indicators with the Eurostat indicators, but also on testing the speed with which the analysed countries can reach convergence. Other original elements are the analysis of Romanian citizens’ perception on the political cohesion problem, which was done by conducting and interpreting over 400 questionnaires, in the Bucharest-Ilfov and North-East regions (which report the highest disparities), as well as a number of 10 interviews with direct beneficiaries of regional projects, and last, but not least, a set of measures aiming to increase the quality of the institutional services of Management Authorities, in order to make the implementation of the Regional Operational Program more efficient. The main conclusions of the research suggest that at European Union level, the models applied on national level data show that the process of convergence between the EU27 Member States is currently taking place and the interregional divergences have accentuated. Convergence is predicted to be achieved between (the pessimistic and optimistic scenario): 25 and 11 years for Romania, between 24 and 10 years for Poland and between 37 and 19 years for Bulgaria. Following the interpretation of the perception analysis data, it is found that Romania was a real beneficiary of the integration in the European Union, and the access to non-reimbursable funds (including funds provided by the Regional Operational Program) provided many economic, social, cultural, touristical benefits, infrastructure development, etc
Pusceddu, Emanuela. "Propriétés structurelles et magnétiques dans les composants de manganèse Ln0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, ..., Lu). Un étude systématique par diffusion des neutrons et calculs ab initio". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00609199.
Texto completoAfanassiev, Mstislav. "Le comportement des entreprises russes au cours de la transition économique : étude descriptive des problèmes financiers et économiques des firmes". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0027.
Texto completoFrom the inception of economic transition in Russia, firms have been at the center of the reform process. The establishment of clear property rights is a pre-condition for a successful reform. It is required for the emergence of efficient firms run by responsible manager. Before a state-owned enterprise becomes well adapted to operate in a market environment, it must first survive while it adapts. Privatization in Russia has taken the form of the establishment of joint stock companies characterized by the prevailing influence of insiders (employees and managers) along with substantial state holdings. Because of instability of contracts, numerous information asymmetries, and unstable market access conditions, firms must operate in a highly uncertain environment. Following initial distribution, control rights are being redistributed under active involvement by managers and outside investors. In this context, it is not surprising that productive investment has been continuously declining. The assignment of strategic priorities and, more generally, decision making are often uphazard as the need to attract financial resources forces management to share power with outsiders. Facing high real interest rates, enterprises seldom resort to bank loans. They prefer self-financing and often delay payments to other creditors (suppliers, state, banks, employees, non-budget funds). Thereafter one type of arrears is replaced by another. Non-payments to the budget becomes a "normal" mechanism to alleviate the fiscal burden. The separation enterprises from the state effectively followed the stabilization of inflation. In the more stable macroeconomic environment that followed, enterprises have widened their horizons and look at new types of activity. The role of economic policy has evolved towards support for firm restructuring of enterprises and the establishment of an economic environment which allows truly market-oriented firms to operate
Villeneuve, François. "L'influence des facteurs structurels sur le travail managérial des infirmières-chefs : six études de cas dans trois hôpitaux du Québec". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/355.
Texto completoInacio, Reis Sandra. "La politique régionale de l'Union européenne et les disparités régionales : Une étude empirique de l'impact des Fonds structurels sur la convergence des régions européennes". Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0009.
Texto completoBy reducing the obstacles to circulation of goods, services and capital and by facilitating a greater mobility of the factors of production, European economic integration is supposed to strengthen the growth between the least advanced Member States and thus to support a process of convergence. However, the geographical distribution of the economic integration's profits can support the most developed areas more, which could slow down the process of convergence of backward region. In order to promote a harmonious development of the Union as a whole, an European regional policy was created. Thanks to the Structural Funds and the Cohesion Funds, it aims mainly the reduction of the GDP per capita's disparities between the Member States' areas. With the European Union successive enlargements, instruments and financial means of the European regional policy are increasingly consequent, so that it becomes necessary to evaluate and judge its effectiveness. To answer it, it is important first of all to examine how the regional policy is integrated in the economic analysis and to study the methods used to evaluate its impact. Among the methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of the European regional policy, the traditional empirical approaches of convergence seem particularly adapted. The results obtained in our empirical study based on these approaches show the contrasted effectiveness of Structural Funds to decrease the regional disparities of incomes per capita
Pinto, Coelho Joaquim José Vieira. "Les facteurs psychosociaux de l'efficacité organisationnelle : étude comparée des mairies portugaises". Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Pinto_Coelho.Joaquim.Jose.Vieira.LMZ0408_1.pdf.
Texto completoThis research required to examine variables that influence the organizational efectiveness in local government services. The mayoralty was used the unity of analysis and 92 mayors and 236 directors in 109 municipalities in Portugal participated in this study. The latent variables mayor's extensive leadership (G), strategic oriented leadership (S) and risk predisposed leadership R, director's satifaction and commitment, trust and cooperation climate were operationalized using factor analysis. Through structural equations modeling the research revealed significant positive mediate relationship between : G and satifaction, G and cooperation, S and commitment, S and trust, R and satisfaction, satisfaction and commitment and commitment and trust. Signicant negative mediate relatinship was found between G and commitment ; and a one hand, between R and, on the other, trust and cooperation. Direct effects from trust to overall perceived effectiveness and to level of investments execution rate were found. Financial indicators were not found to be significantly explained by the model. Significant differences for mayors and directors were found in the relation between G and satisfaction, R and satisfaction, S end trust and commitment and trust. Mayoralties supported by right and left ideologies were found to have significantly different perceptions between R and cooperation. Also, significant differences for lower and upper economic level municipalities were found between R satifaction and between R and cooperation. Behavioral styles of mayor are proposed and analyzed their effectiveness. The model was specified for others factors of leadership as perceived by the directors
Picat, Marie-Quitterie. "Analyses intégratives de biomarqueurs immunologiques dans les études épidémiologiques. Applications à trois études cliniques". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0144/document.
Texto completoNumerous biological processes with potentially complex interactions exist. Measurements ofthese processes allow to produce multiple biomarkers. Thus, there is a need for epidemiologyto evolve within the context of complex and multidimensional data. Immune system diseasesand associated immune disorders are an example of a field where clinical and epidemiologicalissues are increasingly complex, requiring appropriate statistical and epidemiologicalmethods. In this thesis, methods taking into account methodological difficulties generated byimmunology data are presented through three motivating examples. The general paradigm ofour approach is to take into account all measurements on a given pathology using integrativemethods. We propose principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering to summarizemultidimensional cytometry data and structural equation modelling for dealing with complexrelationships between variables in multifactorial processes. Then, through the example of anasymptotic model of immune reconstitution using an exponential function, we illustrate theimportance about the data’s structure and the biological mechanisms underlying its variabilitywhen building a mathematical model. The methods and the thinking advocated in this thesisare transposable to other research domains with complex data
Mahieu, Gautier. "Étude des propriétés électroniques et structurelles d'impuretés, de défauts ponctuels et de boîtes quantiques auto-assemblées présents dans un cristal d'arséniure de gallium par microscopie à effet tunnel". Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/867ab123-0f1a-4b36-9ac0-320e365148f4.
Texto completoParrot, Laurent. "Étude de l'impact de mesures macro-économiques sur une économie villageoise africaine : un modèle d'équilibre général calculable simplifié d'une petite ville". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010017.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is (I) to give an accurate framework of an African village-town economy and its global organization, and (II) to create two models, a social accounting matrix and a general equilibrium model. These two models are used in view to better understand the interactions between the actors of the economy. The general equilibrium model is relatively simple (the elasticities are equal to one or zero, and we use linear functions), but it gives an accurate idea of a complex economy, integrating local specificities. The linear model shows a town completely demand-driven and with no supply constraints. The general equilibrium model shows different results with the integration of more realistic constraints (decreasing return to scale, endogeneous crop prices, prices etc. . . ). It is possible to study price policies, credit policies, marketing policies, income policies, tax policies, and the effects of a deteriorating ecological environment on agriculture. The opportunity to be able to modelize a town or a village makes it possible to analyse the effects of such policies on the different households groups
Privat, Hélène. "Étude des motivations au sélisme : dimensionnement, antécédents et influence sur la pratique séliste". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0114/document.
Texto completoAccording to the magazine Terra Eco (20 I 4), 48%o of French people are regular users of collaborative consumption, and 32%o of them are considering doing it. Despite the consumer craze for those alternative exchanges, comparatively, only a few marketing studies on the topic are currently made, This research's aim is therefore to analyse the various motivations of members from a physical network of collaborative consumption through the study of the local exchange trading system (LETS). The first chapter is focused on a state of play of the LETS, through its history, its geographical extent, its aims and uses. The second chapter will observe the LETS under an academic point of view. Through a litterature review, it will show how the differents disciplines are explaining this reality. It will also highlight in details what is determining LETS practices, and will end up suggesting an influence model on motivations behind becoming a LETS member, and their antecedents to the LETS practice. The third chapter will strenghten the model by a deep analysis of l6 semi-directives interviews of LETS users. The fourth chapter will put a light on the methodology used to test it. The fifth chapter will define a motivation scale on why becoming a LETS member, and to validate the measuring scales of the model. The sixth chapter will finally test the model and dig the results deeper. This quantitative study is based on a sample of 957 LETS users. Our thesis main assets are: a modelisation of the LETS member behavior, the discovery of two new motivations to join a LETS-distraction and intellectual enrichment, the creation of a motivation scale behind the decision of joining a LETS, analysis of their influences on the LETS practice, and the creation of a LETS member typology. To conclude, and based on those results, we'll come up with managing advices to give to LETS, to social or private workers from collaborative consumption networks, and also to the State and to territorial collectivities
Lehmann, Michael Christian. "Étude des effets locaux d'équilibre général des programmes de transferts monétaires conditionnels". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0007.
Texto completoMy doctoral dissertation attempts to explore how cash transfers affect the local economy's equilibrium, and how this in turn affects the entire village population (including those household not targeted by the cash transfer program). In chapter 1, I explore the relationship between local general equilibrium effects and consumption. Taking the example of the well-known Progresa conditional cash transfer randomized experiment, I explore what more can be learned about the intervention's consumption effect if the experimental data is analyzed within a general equilibrium framework. In chapter 2, I study the local general equilibrium effects another popular type of conditional cash transfer program aiming to transform the lives of the poorest in society: cash transfers promoting micro-enterprise development. While the effects of this type of aid intervention on aid recipients have received considerable attention by the literature, their local general equilibrium effects have been almost completely ignored. I use a structural model and a randomized experiment to study the local general equilibrium effects of small business cash transfers to households impoverished by years of civil war in Uganda. In chapter 3, I explore the implications of local general equilibrium effects for variables other than consumption. I study in more depth the implications for labor supply. Moreover, I ask how successful are conditional cash transfer programs in reducing rural inequality? Finally, chapter 3 also explores how local general equilibrium effects may spill-over to populations outside the village
Lusivika, Nzinga Clovis. "Estimation d’effets individuels de traitements pris en combinaison dans les études observationnelles". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS218.
Texto completoRandomized controlled trials cannot be implemented in all situations for estimating effects of therapeutic strategies. Observational studies would then constitute an alternative for evaluating treatment effects. We have a specified interest in four types of methodological difficulties for such studies: 1) confounding by indication ; 2) presence of time-dependent confounding ; 3) The relationship between a given time-dependent treatment and its effect may vary over time ; 4) In real life, patients often receive multiple treatments, sequentially or simultaneously. In this context, the evaluation of individual effects of treatment is a methodological challenge. The overall objective of this thesis was to propose a methodological framework in which these methodological difficulties are accommodated, allowing the individual effects of treatments to be correctly estimated within the context of multi-treatments in an observational study. We evaluated the performance of the marginal structural Cox model when estimating the individual and joint effects of two treatments and showed that it performed well in the presence of three different scenarios of time-dependent confounding. We also showed the importance of estimating the interaction term when exploring the treatment effect from combination therapy. We compared the performance of weighted cumulative exposure marginal structural Cox model with that of a conventional TD WCE Cox model for estimating time-varying effects of treatments without bias in the presence of TD confounding. Our results showed that the WCE Cox MSM performed better and can be applied to real data whatever the strength of time dependent confounding