Tesis sobre el tema "Étude expérimentale à échelle réduite"
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Pineault, Nathalie. "Effet des types de vitrages sur la qualité de l'éclairage naturel : Étude expérimentale à l'aide d'une maquette à échelle réduite d'une salle de séjour". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26542/26542.pdf.
Texto completoThe use of tinted and coated glazing is one of the strategies that can improve energy efficiency of residential buildings. However, these glazing types modify the quantity and quality of daylight in the building and these modifications affect the visual perception of the interior and view out. This effect is probably more important to consider in spaces dedicated to contemplation, such as a residential living room, because more attention is allocated to the room’s ambience. However, most studies in this area have been conducted in a work environment and no studies have been conducted in a residential environment. The main objective of this research was to study the effect of glazing type on daylight quality in residential spaces. The experience was conducted using a scale model of a typical living room where the glazing type was interchangeable. Seven glazing samples provided by local manufacturers were tested. The participants looked inside the model and evaluated daylighting qualities according to each glazing type. Furthermore, the transmitted light colour was studied and analysed by a digital photo analysis. The main results confirmed most of the work hypotheses and corroborated some results of previous research. Among these results, it was found that the glazing type influences the perception of light level, naturalness, beauty and pleasantness and precision. Also, the correlation between visual transmittance and the qualitative factors confirms the hypothesis that glazing types of a higher visual transmittance produce more positive ratings regarding the perception of naturalness, beauty and pleasantness and precision. Furthermore, results suggest that for a similar transmittance (82 and 83%), participants preferred an iron-free double pane glazing to a standard double pane glazing, which is probably due to the spectral neutrality of the iron-free glazing. Finally, this research indicates that glazing types with a strong green shift are generally disliked.
Pineault, Nathalie. "Effets des types de vitrage sur la qualité de l'éclairage naturel : étude expérimentale à l'aide d'une maquette à échelle réduite d'une salle de séjour". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21093.
Texto completoThe use of tinted and coated glazing is one of the strategies that can improve energy efficiency of residential buildings. However, these glazing types modify the quantity and quality of daylight in the building and these modifications affect the visual perception of the interior and view out. This effect is probably more important to consider in spaces dedicated to contemplation, such as a residential living room, because more attention is allocated to the room’s ambience. However, most studies in this area have been conducted in a work environment and no studies have been conducted in a residential environment. The main objective of this research was to study the effect of glazing type on daylight quality in residential spaces. The experience was conducted using a scale model of a typical living room where the glazing type was interchangeable. Seven glazing samples provided by local manufacturers were tested. The participants looked inside the model and evaluated daylighting qualities according to each glazing type. Furthermore, the transmitted light colour was studied and analysed by a digital photo analysis. The main results confirmed most of the work hypotheses and corroborated some results of previous research. Among these results, it was found that the glazing type influences the perception of light level, naturalness, beauty and pleasantness and precision. Also, the correlation between visual transmittance and the qualitative factors confirms the hypothesis that glazing types of a higher visual transmittance produce more positive ratings regarding the perception of naturalness, beauty and pleasantness and precision. Furthermore, results suggest that for a similar transmittance (82 and 83%), participants preferred an iron-free double pane glazing to a standard double pane glazing, which is probably due to the spectral neutrality of the iron-free glazing. Finally, this research indicates that glazing types with a strong green shift are generally disliked.
Abdulrahman, Shehu. "Experimental investigations on fire behaviour and fire suppression in a reduced-scale room of the Castle of Chambord". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourges, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAB0007.
Texto completoThe current state of fire protection by sprinkler systems is inadequate for the protection of cultural heritage building and monuments. Although different types of automatic sprinkler fire suppression systems exist, their disadvantages (vulnerability to corrosion and frost, risk of water-leaks, false activations…) can cause irremediable damage to the historical buildings and the valuable artifacts and pieces of art they contain. Hence, automatic fire suppression systems are rarely installed in cultural heritage buildings, resulting in numerous monuments being partly or completely destroyed by fire, such as the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, France, following the fire which occurred on April 15, 2019. To be able to better protection our cultural heritage, there is hence a pressing need to obtain more knowledge regarding fire and fire suppression in geometries specific to these buildings. For this purpose, a 1/8th reduced-scale compartment was built in this research work based on 3D scans of a room of the Castle of Chambord, Loire Valley, France. The latter was instrumented with the aim of studying, on one hand, the behaviour of the fire source, and, on another hand, the interaction of the fire with different fire suppression systems. Tests of n-heptane pool fires were first carried out for different fire powers, controlled by fuel surface areas using circular steel pans of 8 cm, 16 cm and 24 cm diameters pans. The initial heptane fuel mass was varied between 10 grams, 30 grams and 50 grams corresponding to fuel depths of 0.007 m, 0.0016 m and 0.025 m respectively. Heat release rate (HRR) was varied between 4 kW and 30 kW and ventilation conditions, ranging from 0.6 air change per hour (ACPH), to 1.4ACPH, 2.4ACPH, 3.3ACPH and 3.8ACPH. Through series of experiments, the effect of ventilation on fire dynamics on a compartment fire addressed with physicochemical parameters, such as flame extension, flame oscillation, temperature distribution and gas analysis. Then, three kind of sprinkler systems were considered, with varying initial pressure in the pipes. They consisted in wet pipe, dry pipe, and an innovative vacuum sprinkler system, whose pressure is inferior to the atmospheric pressure at idle state, and which has potential of solving the technological problems of water leaks, freezing and corrosion. The latter was used to study the interaction of the pool fire with a sprinkler water spray for the different sprinkler initial pressures, fire conditions, and ventilation rates. Results were obtained in terms of water delivery time, compartment gas temperature, cooling rate, heat flux and concentrations of gaseous species. The obtained results allowed to provide conclusions regarding the relative behaviour of the different systems on the fire suppression phenomena, with promising results for the vacuum sprinkler system. The study contributed to increase the knowledge on the phenomena of fire suppression in cultural heritage geometry, and a new database of experimental data has been generated. The latter will be extended forward and improved on the basis of the developed test bench, with the aim of providing future recommendations related to fire safety of cultural heritage buildings
Courbois, Adrien. "Étude expérimentale du comportement dynamique d'une éolienne offshore flottante soumise à l'action conjuguée de la houle et du vent". Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840511.
Texto completoMerino, Pierrick. "Reproduction expérimentale du contact roue-rail à échelle réduite : Voies de formation des sources de défauts". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI101.
Texto completoThe safety issue is still the main concern of railway network due to the development of railway transportation and the increase of the amount of passengers. The understanding of the origin of the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) defect, is one key to safety requirements. The White Etching Layer associated to the initiation of the squat defect is hardly recreated. The use of laboratory test bench enable the replication of the wheel-rail contact. Nevertheless, only a fraction of the characteristic parameters is taken into account and compromises are necessary. The test bench “Triboring” built at LaMCoS, fulfills a gap in the existing apparatus. The “roller on circular rail” design was chosen to fit the tribological behavior of wheel-rail contact, and replicate RCF defects. The production of a test bench required to relate and differentiate the measured data to the phenomena corresponding to the operating from the phenomena corresponding to wheel-rail contact. The bench was characterized with dynamic and cinematic analysis. The design of the sample was improved. The tribological behavior of the bench was optimized with the preparation of the initial surface of the samples and the production of a tribological “fuse”. This layer delays the speed accommodation by wear and benefit the shear of the first bodies and the formation a Tribological Transformation of Surface (TTS), as the White Etching Layer. The two different fuse layer created (Run-in and oxidized), induced a significant wear reduction. The tribological and metallurgical analysis of the surfaces and cuts of the sample, enabled to the explanation of the evolution of the microstructure of the rail close to the surface, submitted to various mechanical solicitations. The transformation of this microstructure led to the formation of white etching layer mechanically formed
Lecuyer-Le, Bris Romain. "Modélisation numérique et expérimentale de la captation d'énergie houlomotrice : application aux essais à échelle réduite en bassin". Thesis, Brest, 2022. http://theses-scd.univ-brest.fr/2022/These-2022-SML-Mecanique_genie_mecanique_mecanique_des_fluides_et_energetique-LECUYER_LE_BRIS_Romain.pdf.
Texto completoThe behaviour of wave energy converters (WEC) is non-linear and complex to model accurately, especially due to the fluid–structure interaction and the randomness of the wave. The ability of a WEC to recover some of the wave energy depends on the control strategy used and the reliability of the behaviour model. Numerical computation time must remain reasonable in order to allow real–time control. In this context, perfect fluid calculations are used to model the fluid-structure interaction at first order. This diffraction–radiation approach highlights the delay functions of the system, a detailed analysis of which has been carried out in this work and illustrated on a reference case. This thesis proposes to establish a method applicable to the modelling of any type of multi-body WEC. The formulation of the hydrodynamic forces resulting from the assumptions of perfect fluid is then supplemented with semi–empirical terms in order to take into account non–linear effects. The viscous forces represented are particularly influential in the vicinity of the motion resonances. This method also allows the integration of experimental data into the numerical model. Experimental work was therefore carried out in order to understand, quantify and integrate the effects observed experimentally for an anchored body into the numerical model. Finally, elements in favor of an experimental campaign for a two-body system are presented
Chaboussant, Grégory. "Étude expérimentale d'une échelle de spin-1/2 antiferromagnétique : Cu2(C5H12N2)2Cl4". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10007.
Texto completoBrusturean, Gabriela Alina. "Dépollution des sols par venting et extraction sous pression réduite : étude expérimentale, modélisation et simulation numérique". Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAL0075.
Texto completoThe work of thesis relates to experimental study, modelling and numerical simulation of depollution by venting and SVE of the soils polluted by light hydrocarbons. The first part contains a bibliographical study of pollutants interaction with the soil, of industrial applications of these two techniques and of the modelling techniques used for the follow-up of depollution. The second part is made up of the presentation of the equipments and procedures used for the follow-up of depollution on laboratory pilots. The third part presents the results obtained on soils polluted by components of automobile fuel alone or in mixture with the variation of the operating conditions (gas flow, extraction pressure, ageing of pollution). The agreement between the experimental and modelling (quantified by the factors of agreement) is good, which will allow the use of the developed techniques of calculation for an optimisation of the depollution conditions
Schipman, Anne-Julie. "Variabilité à petite échelle du fonctionnement hydrodynamique d'un versant prairial : étude expérimentale et modélisation". Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0106.
Texto completoLaguë, Frédéric. "Étude expérimentale de l'effet de la turbulence de grande échelle sur les vibrations éoliennes d'un long cylindre flexible". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1191.
Texto completoMongruel, Anne. "Étude expérimentale de suspensions de particules anisotropes en écoulement élongationnel". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520739.
Texto completoPoirier, Geneviève. "Le bois comme générateur d'ambiances visuelles en architecture : étude expérimentale comparative sur la satisfaction visuelle à l'aide de maquettes à l'échelle réduite". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28280.
Texto completoThis paper explores the potential for natural light to enhance wooden interior environments. Several studies have proven that the use of wood in furniture, interior surfaces and decoration help creating warm, bright and pleasant ambiences, enhancing psychological well-being and comfort when compared to other materials. This study aims to compare and examine the photometric and psychologic effects of diverse wooden environments. The objectives of this project were twofold: first, to study the diversity of northern sky conditions in terms of cloud cover and thickness as well as to evaluate the impacts of the diversity of natural light on five different wooden scale models. In order to create a cloudiness scale, weather data was collected during spring equinox in Quebec City, as well as photometric measurements. A photographic survey occurred in five scale models made with interior wooden finishes of varying color combinations, which documented the impact of sky diversity on brightness, hue and contrast. Simultaneous scale model studies under a real sky allowed direct comparison under the exact same lighting conditions. The second objective was to explore the effects of different colors, finish and ratio of wooden surfaces combinations on human perception. More specifically, participants compare simultaneously the five different interior wooden scale models under the natural light of the northern hemisphere in terms of their appreciation, visual comfort and well-being. The survey involved 80 participants with an exploratory questionnaire in order to compare and classify the different models. Conclusions showed a remarkable diversity of visual ambiences for a South-East oriented space depending on the position of the sun and sky conditions. Gray-dyed wooden finishes created dull and unchanging atmospheres, while yellow oaked surfaces allowed various dynamic ambiences. Participants demonstrated a preference for clear, bright and warm models, relating them cognitive and small-scale tasks. Darker models in terms of reflectance and lighting ambiences were the least preferred, especially for women.
Deniaud-Lherminier, Pascale. "Convection profonde en mer du Groënland : étude expérimentale des phases de préconditionnement et de mélange". Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066086.
Texto completoAbida, Marwa. "Comportement hygroscopique et couplage hygromécanique dans les composites lin / époxy : approche expérimentale multi-échelle et modélisation". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC281/document.
Texto completoFlax fibre reinforcements are nowadays an alternative able to compete with conventional synthetic fibres since they are ecological, economic and have interesting mechanical properties. However, their major drawback is their potentially significant water absorption which affects their mechanical properties. This research project proposes to study the hygroscopic behaviour and hygro-mechanical coupling in flax / epoxy composites. This study is based on a multi-scale experimental approach. A modelling of visco-elasto-plastic behaviour taking into account the hygro-mechanical coupling within flax /epoxy composites is established. The diffusion kinetics in composites were modelled by a Fick law. However, the diffusion kinetics in epoxy were modelled by a Langmuir law. The hygro-expansion coefficients of the composites and the elementary yarns that constitute the fabric reinforcement were determined experimentally. A study of the influence of conditioning until saturation at different relative humidities on the mechanical behaviour in the three main directions of the laminates was conducted. This study showed the existence of an optimal water content for which the mechanical properties are maximum. The emergence of a two-linear-region behaviour was pointed out and attributed to the presence of local heterogeneities within the fabric reinforcement. Creep / recovery and stress relaxation tests were exploited in order to develop a visco-elastoplastic model with consideration of the hygro-mechanical coupling. This model offers good predictive capabilities and could be used to predict the behaviour of flax fibres reinforced composite structures in humid atmospheres
Levy, Benjamin. "Étude numérique et expérimentale pour le développement d’un nouveau procédé de tribo-grenaillage". Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021HESAE018.
Texto completoShot peening is a surface treatment commonly applied in the aerospace, automotive and biomedical industries to improve the mechanical performance of parts. This treatment consists in introducing residual compressive stresses in the sub-surface. However, technological advances, accompanied by the evolution of materials, have generated new demands in terms of shot peening treatment. In particular, the industrial need for a treatment capable of both ensuring a sufficient level of mechanical performance while functionalizing the surface is increasingly felt. The aim of this work is to show to what extent this need can be met by a new treatment called tribo-peening. The two functions targeted by tribo-peening require a characterization of the surface states (functionalization) and sub-surface (residual stresses) of the treated parts. These states are the result of mechanical interactions between media, of different nature and shape, and the treated surface. The tribo-peening approach consists of controlling these interactions, the texture and energy transfers involved in order to master the implanted functional signature. Therefore, a multi-scale characterization of the target surface and sub-surface is performed simultaneously with that of the media surface. This characterization step is based on the evaluation of tribo-peened surface representative of the overall texturing, the so-called Elementary Representative Areal Surface. The control and optimization of the process are envisaged through the establishment of a digital twin fed with multi-scale characterization data, finite element modeling as well as data from the instrumentation of the physical twin
Yammine, Alexandre. "Modélisation multi-échelle et étude expérimentale de l’endommagement par attaque sulfatique interne dans les matériaux cimentaires : application aux bétons ordinaires et recyclés". Thesis, Nantes, 2020. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=956cb31b-35ab-4203-9f88-90547f0fd3ba.
Texto completoConcrete deterioration due to internal sulphate attack (RSI) also known by delayed ettringite formation (DEF) is an expansive damage of concrete that develops as a result of exposure to elevated temperatures. Aggregates nature impact the development of DEF particularly when they provide chemical compounds that promote delayed ettringite formation. The use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) an alternative to quarry aggregates with the aim of reducing environmental impact of concrete production is a major current issue that faces technical difficulties including the decrease in the durability of concrete. Therefore, this thesis proposes an experimental study of mortars and concrete made form RCA to investigate their ability to develop DEF. Experimental results show a low risk in RCAbased concretes and mortars compared to siliceous aggregate based. A physico-chemical model applied to mortars show higher delayed ettringite content in RCA based mortars but lower expansion volume in comparison to standardized silicious sand based mortars. Finally, a multi-scale poromechanical model which features a description of damage by progression of microcracking is proposed. A comparison of the model to experimental data on mortars formulated with CEM I cement is carried out
Franczak, Agnieszka. "Étude expérimentale et théorique du mécanisme d’électrodéposition de films à base de cobalt : modélisation et relation structures-propriétés par l'approche multi-échelle". Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS014/document.
Texto completoThe present work is focused on the experimental and theoretical studies of the electrodeposition mechanism of Co-based films, including single Co, binary Co-Ni, Co-Cu and ternary Co-Ni-Cu alloy films. The modeling and structure-properties relationship by a multi-scale approach is investigated.The preliminary study involves determination and optimization of the electrodeposition parameters in order to obtain nanocrystalline films with satisfied surface quality and promising magnetic properties. It is shown that the electrolytic pH, to-be-deposited type of substrate and deposition time are of high importance in the fabrication of nanoscale materials. Among them, the electrolytic pH is the one, which has the greatest effect on the structure formation. The film growth as well as its quality can be strongly affected by a superimposition of an external magnetic field. The electrodeposition process was carried out under parallel to the electrode surface magnetic fields with magnets strength up to 12T. The results reveal that the induced forced convection in the electrolyte changes the hydrodynamic conditions and thus, affects the structure and morphology of the obtained films. Furthermore, the process kinetics and crystal growth are enhanced under magnetic electrodeposition conditions.Microstructure formed by the electrochemical processing is characterized by some significant magnetic properties, which may result in soft and/or hard magnetic materials, depending on their application approach. Additionally, the microstructure of films has been improved by the magnetic annealing treatment. Thus, the recrystallization and interdiffusion phenomena are observed, and modification of the magnetic properties is induced.Considering the electrodeposition process carried out in aqueous solutions the secondary process, which is the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), needs to be taken into account. The theoretical study based on the tools of quantum mechanics (QM) and density functional theory (DFT) is used to determine the adsorption energies of hydrogen. In this work, the calculation results are related with the experimental study and may explain the structure formation assisted by the simultaneous evolution of hydrogen at the electrode surface
Kinvi-Dossou, Gbèssiho Raphaël. "Étude de la résistance à l’impact et de l’endommagement des composites stratifiés à matrice Elium acrylique : caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation numérique multi-échelle". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0249/document.
Texto completoIn the race for light materials able of meeting modern environmental challenges, an acrylic resin (Elium) has been developed. Elium is a thermoplastic resin able to replace thermosetting matrices, which are widespread nowadays in the industrial world. The present study aims to evaluate the impact resistance and to understand the failure mechanisms of composite laminates based on acrylic matrix under impact loading. We provide a contribution to the multiscale analysis of the impact resistance of laminated composite.First, the impact resistance and the damage tolerance of the acrylic resin based composites were compared with those of conventional composites. Then, the impact performance of the laminated composites has been enhanced by adding copolymer blocks to the liquid acrylic resin. These copolymers are able to form micelles of nanometer sizes, which lead to the improvement of both the acrylic matrix fracture toughness and the impact resistance. The effects of the impact energy, temperature, and composition in nano-copolymers have also been investigated.In order to provide a numerical tool for the prediction of the impact response of the glass fiber/Acrylic laminates, two strategies have been analyzed. The first one, performed at the macroscopic scale, considers the woven ply of the laminate as homogeneous material, and the second one (at the mesoscopic scale), deals with a realistic geometrical description of the yarns undulation. Both models use cohesive zones at the interface between the adjacent plies, to simulate the delamination. For this purpose, experimental and numerical delamination tests were performed to feed the inter-ply damage model. Mechanical tests for material characterization were also performed on specimens in order to identify the ply-damage model parameters. The Mechanics of Structure Genome (MSG) and a finite element based micromechanics approaches were then conducted to evaluate the effective thermomechanical properties of the yarns and the plain woven composite laminate. The realistic topological and morphological textures of the composite were accounted through Texgen software. These numerical impact simulations were performed using the finite element software ABAQUS/Explicit. Both models were implemented through a user material subroutine VUMAT. The obtained results appear in a good agreement with the experimental data and confirm the relevance of the proposed approach
Imaddahen, Amine. "Étude expérimentale multi-échelle et modélisation hybride prédictive du comportement, de l'endommagement et de la durée de vie en fatigue d’un matériau composite polypropylène / fibres de verre". Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE063.
Texto completoThe main objective of this work, is to provide a numerical tool, capable of predicting the damage and fatigue life of thermoplastic matrix composites materials and structures. To do this, a multi-scale experimental study of the PPGF40 material (polypropylene loaded with 40% by mass of glass fiber) is carried out. A qualitative, but also a quantitative analysis of the various damage mechanisms occurring during mechanical loading was carried out through in-situ three-points SEM bending tests, interrupted fatigue tests and observations of fracture faces in monotonic and cyclic loading. In the light of these tests, we concluded that the decohesion of the fiber-matrix interface, and the propagation of cracks through the interfaces, appears to be, the predominant damage phenomenon leading to the fracture of the material and that, regardless of the orientation of the fibers and the loading mode. The proposed hybrid approach is based on a micromechanical / phenomenological model taking into account the damage at the fiber / matrix interface and the plasticity of the matrix. To do this, a local statistical criterion of damage at the fiber-matrix interface is introduced into a Mori and Tanaka model, and the linearization of the plastic behavior of the matrix is done step by step, using the mean field approach with a secant formulation. The micromechanical model used then, makes it possible to predict the behavior of the material under monotonic loading, and in particular the first stiffness loss during the fatigue. Analysis of the experimental results shows that the latter is directly related to the fatigue life of the material. Thus, a predictive methodology of the fatigue life is proposed and validated for various microstructural configurations. A fatigue failure criterion is proposed according to the number of cycles
Korakas, Alexios. "Approche numérique et expérimentale de la propagation sonore en environnements océaniques tridimensionnels : application aux problèmes inverses". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00514915.
Texto completoHubert, Maxime. "Durabilité des convertisseurs électrochimiques haute température à oxydes solides : une étude expérimentale et de modélisation basée sur la caractérisation au synchrotron par nanotomographie des rayons X". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI011/document.
Texto completoThis work aims at a better understanding of the high temperature Solid Oxide Cells degradation. An approach based on electrochemical tests, advanced post-test characterizations and multi-scale models has been used to investigate the links between the performances, the electrodes microstructure and their degradation. In that goal, long-term durability tests have been performed over thousand hours in different operating conditions. Electrode microstructures have been reconstructed by X-ray nano-holotomography for the pristine and the aged cells. It is worth noting that a special attention has been paid to improve both the process reliability for the tomographic experiments as well as the spatial resolution of the 3D reconstructed images. Thanks to the valuable 3D volumes, the Ni-YSZ microstructural properties of the H2 electrode have been quantified for the fresh and the aged samples. Then, a physically-based model for Nickel particle agglomeration has been adjusted on the microstructural parameters obtained by the 3D analysis and implemented in an in-house multi-scale modelling framework. Beforehand, it has been necessary to enrich the available numerical tool with a specific module dedicated to the oxygen electrode made in Mixed Ionic Electronic Conducting materials. Once validated on polarisation curves, the completed model has been used to quantify the contribution of Nickel agglomeration on the experimental degradation rates recorded in fuel cell and electrolysis modes
Bourgogne, Quentin. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement mécanique d’un PPS/GF40 sous différents chargements avec prise en compte des effets de l’environnement de sollicitation : étude expérimentale et modélisation multi-échelle pour application au développement de pièces automobiles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0181.
Texto completoThis thesis presents an experimental and theoretical study conducted on a PPS/GF40 and its matrix. Widely used for under-the-hood applications in the automotive industry, those materials are subjected to high temperatures and aging effects of cooling liquid. Therefore, the understanding of those phenomena is essential to design mechanical parts. Thus, an experimental campaign in the tensile mode has been carried out with different temperatures and glycol proportions in the cooling liquid, for monotonic and cyclic loadings on neat and reinforced PPS. The results of these tests allowed us to highlight some of the main physical phenomena occurring during these solicitations under tough hydro-thermal conditions. Taking into account this analysis, a visco-elasto-pseudo-viscoplastic model is proposed. Moreover, this model allows the consideration of the cooling liquid effects and its constituents by temperature/humidity equivalence. The accuracy of the model was confronted to an artificial intelligence based one, in order to study the maximal accuracy physically reachable. Finally, the evolution of the model parameters has been studied with the adjunction of short glass fibres and for specifics orientation distribution. Starting from the study of the mechanical behavior of the PPS matrix, an analytical homogenization was then performed. Differences between experimental and predicted plastic behaviors were highlighted. Finite element analyses considering inter-phase damage were done at different temperatures and for several fiber orientations so to explain differences arising between analytical approach and experimental results. This work allowed a study of the evolution of the impact of this damage on mechanical properties as a function of temperature and fiber orientation. This work led to highlight a weakening of the fiber/matrix interface for a liquid aged composite and to quantify the decrease of the interface properties. Finally, fatigue behavior of the composite is studied as a function of fiber orientation. The modeling parameters determined from the study of the monotonic behavior of the composite were taken into account to propose a prediction of the Wöhler curves as a function of temperature. The prediction of the Wöhler curves as a function of temperature being possible, a 1D model was then proposed in order to evaluate the increase of temperature due to self-heating phenomenon during fatigue loading, considering ageing consequences
Fourt, Erwan. "Étude de joints radiaux en carbone graphite avec application aéronautique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT2292.
Texto completoThe main goal of this thesis is the experimental study of several technologies of radial segmented seals. First of all, an introduction presents the context of the study by detailing the most commonly used seals technologies in aero engines.Firstly, three different technologies of radial segmented seals have been studied: without pocket, with pocket and without pocket and inclined grooves on the rotor. The performance of each technologies has been investigated and compared. In complement, the wear of the pocket-free technology has been study. The work highlights the fragility of this kind of seals. It is why the performance and the wear of faulty seals have been investigated.This second study shows that despite the failure, the seals do not show more serious complications.Then, the impact of roughness on a gas flow was investigate to highlight the lift effect of the segments. For this, a multiscale method was developed. It was shown that this method works well to study such a problem with a very low computational effort in comparison with two other existent methods
Bode, Sylvie. "Un programme d'entraînement de la conscience phonologique. Un outil pédagogique pour l'enseignement préscolaire: étude à grande échelle des effets d'un programme d'entraïnement de la conscience phonologique pour différents groupes d'enfants alphabétisés dans un système orthographique régulier". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211518.
Texto completoColin, Julien. "Séchage en continu du bois énergie comme moyen de préconditionnement en vue de sa conservation thermochimique : approches expérimentale et numérique". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00861231.
Texto completoNedjar, Boumediene. "Mécanique de l'endommagement. Théorie du premier gradient et application au béton". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529378.
Texto completoBenmessaoud, Fatna. "Influence de la microstructure sur le comportement mécanique de l'alliage de titane Ti-6Al-4V : étude expérimentale et modélisation numérique multi-échelle Role of grain size and crystallographic texture on tensile behavior induced by sliding mechanism in Ti-6Al-4V alloy An optimization of the local hall-petch relationship using slip trace analysis technique and scale transition rules: application in equiaxed Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy". Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0005.
Texto completoImproving the mechanical performances of materials used in aeronautics industry is generally based on the understanding of the relationships between their microstructural features and their mechanical behavior observed at the macroscopic scale. In addition, the heterogeneous and the anisotropic nature of many materials, in particular Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, implies a rather detailed investigation of the mechanical behavior at the local scale. This PhD work is a contribution to analyze the mechanical behavior of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy submitted to monotonic and cyclic loadings by considering relationship with the microstructure features. Microstructural characterizations were first performed on nodular Ti-6Al-4V microstructures with identical crystallographic texture and three different grain sizes (ultra fine, fine and standard), then on microstructures with the same grain size but two texturing degrees (strong texturing and weak) were assessed. In a second step, mechanical tensile and cyclic experiences were carried out. The results were used in development of a model with a macroscopic approach. Subsequently, a sliding trace analysis technique was developed in order to identify the contribution of different sliding systems on the accommodation of plastic deformation during the tensile or cyclic loadings. The final part of PhD work was dedicated to the development of a Crystal Plasticity-Finite Element model (CPFEM) to analyze the coupled effect of the average grain sizes, their relative scattering and crystallographic textures on the mechanical behavior at different scales: microscopic (sliding mechanism), mesoscopic (grains) and macroscopic scales. The model parameters were identified using appropriate techniques for the scale transitions. The Representative Volume Element (RVE) necessary for such modeling has been optimized with two constraints: a representative number of grains and an adequate meshing in terms of numbers and type of elements. The numerical simulations were performed using Abaqus/ Standard finite element calculation code interfaced by ZMAT library