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Flórez, Silvia. "A Study of Language Attitudes in Two Creole-Speaking Islands: San Andres and Providence (Colombia)." Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura 11, n.º 1 (8 de noviembre de 2006): 119–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.2783.
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The aim of this study was to assess the language attitudes on the islands of San Andres and Providence (Colombia) from a comparative perspective. The sociolinguistic variables studied included age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, place of residence and language knowledge. Respondents on both islands expressed similar attitudes, with a general tendency favorable to the three languages (Standard Caribbean English, Islander Creole and Colombian Spanish) and to multilingualism.
Received: 01-03-06 / Accepté: 17-08-06
How to reference this article:
Flórez, S. (2006). A Study of Language Attitudes in Two Creole-Speaking Islands: San Andres and Providence (Colombia). Íkala. 11(1), pp. 119 – 147
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Acosta, Karina y Adolfo Meisel. "Anthropometric measurements by ethnicity in Colombia, 1965–1990". Economics & Human Biology 11, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2013): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2013.03.006.
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Pinzón-Rondón, Ángela María, Liseth B. Cifuentes, Catalina Zuluaga, Juan Carlos Botero y Mariana Pinzon-Caicedo. "Wealth, Social Protection Programs, and Child Labor in Colombia: A Cross-sectional Study". International Journal of Health Services 48, n.º 3 (16 de enero de 2018): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731417747421.
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This article has 3 main objectives: (1) to assess the prevalence of child labor in Colombia, (2) to identify factors associated with child labor, and (3) to determine whether social protection programs have an association with the prevalence of child labor in the country. Using a cross-sectional study with data from the Colombian Demographic and Health Survey 2010, a working child was defined as a child who worked during the week prior to the survey in an activity other than household chores. Through descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariate regressions, it was found that child labor was associated with gender (boys were more likely to work), older age, ethnicity (children from indigenous communities were more likely to be workers), school dropout, disability (children with disabilities were less likely to be working), subsidized health social security system membership, and lower number of years of mother’s schooling. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that children beneficiaries of the subsidy Familias en Acción were less likely to be working and that social protection programs were more effective to reduce child labor when targeting the lowest wealth quintiles of the Colombian population.
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Cediel, Gustavo, Eliana Perez, Diego Gaitán, Olga L. Sarmiento y Laura Gonzalez. "Association of all forms of malnutrition and socioeconomic status, educational level and ethnicity in Colombian children and non-pregnant women". Public Health Nutrition 23, S1 (5 de marzo de 2020): s51—s58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019004257.
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AbstractObjective:To examine the association of all forms of malnutrition and socioeconomic status (SES), educational level and ethnicity in children <5 years, non-pregnant adolescent women (11–19 years) and non-pregnant adult women (20–49 years) in Colombia.Design:Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2010 Colombian National Nutrition Survey. The prevalence of malnutrition was compared across categories of SES, educational level and ethnicity.Setting:Colombia.Participants:The sample for the current analysis comprised children <5 years, non-pregnant adolescent women (11–19 years) and non-pregnant adult women (20–49 years).Results:In children <5 years, a low SES and maternal educational level were significantly associated with a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity compared with high levels of SES and maternal education, that is, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 1·4 and 1·6 times lower in categories of low SES and educational levels, respectively. In contrast, the prevalence of wasting, stunting and anaemia was higher in the lowest SES and maternal educational categories (the prevalence was between 1·1 and 1·8 times higher for these indicators). In women, the lowest SES (11 and 19 years) and educational levels (20 and 49 years) exhibited a higher prevalence in all forms of malnutrition compared with their counterparts in the highest categories (i.e. overweight/obesity, stunting and anaemia). Additionally, indigenous or Afro-Colombian children and women had the highest prevalence of malnutrition in comparison with other ethnicities.Conclusions:These results suggest that public policies should address all forms of malnutrition that occur in the most vulnerable populations in Colombia using multiple strategies.
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Galvis Rivas, Angélica María, Jessica Natalia Gómez Rocha, Linda Teresa Orcasita y Juan Sebastián Rueda-Toro. "Interseccionalidad en el proceso de revelación y aceptación de la orientación sexual de hijos homosexuales en dos familias afrocolombianas". REVISTA CONTROVERSIA, n.º 215 (18 de diciembre de 2020): 75–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.54118/controver.vi215.1210.
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En Colombia, la población negra, afrocolombiana, raizal y palenquera equivale a 4 671 160 personas. Los datos de encuestas nacionales evidencian, en una muestra de 92 799 personas, que el 0,4% de las mujeres y el 1,2% de los hombres se identifican como homosexuales. Ante esto, aparece el concepto de interseccionalidad que muestra relaciones existentes entre varias formas de discriminación, especialmente en la diversidad étnico-racial y sexo-genérica. Esta investigación cualitativa buscó comprender el proceso de revelación y aceptación de la orientación homosexual de los hijos en dos familias afrocolombianas, por medio de entrevistas realizadas a la diada madrehijo. Se identifican las características del proceso de revelación y aceptación, así como los recursos y barreras percibidas por las familias durante dicho proceso. Se evidencia la importancia de abordar la perspectiva de doble discriminación por etnia/raza y orientación sexual, así como el diseño de intervenciones que reconozcan el enfoque diferencial en la población.
Intersectionality in the Process of Revelation and Acceptance of Coming Out in Two Afrocolombian Families
Abstract: In Colombia, the Black, Afro-Colombian, Raizal and Palenquera populations are equivalent to 4,671,160 people. The data from national surveys show in a sample of 92 799 people, 0.4% of women and 1.2% of men identified as homosexual. Given this, the concept of intersectionality appears showing existing relationships between various forms of discrimination. This research sought to understand the process of coming out of two children from Afro-Colombian families with a qualitative study, with interviews with the children and their mothers. The characteristics of the disclosure and acceptance process and resources and barriers perceived by the families are identified. The importance of addressing the perspective of double discrimination based on ethnicity/race and sexual orientation and the design of interventions that recognize the differential approach in the population is evident.
Keywords: disclosure and acceptance process; gay children; mothers; afro-colombian community; intersectionality.
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Valencia, Inge Helena. "Conflictos interétnicos en el Caribe Insular Colombiano". REVISTA CONTROVERSIA, n.º 205 (23 de octubre de 2015): 173–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.54118/controver.vi205.395.
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En el archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, ubicado en el corazón del Caribe occidental, se encuentran, en un pequeño territorio insular de cincuenta kilómetros cuadrados, el mundo anglófono con el hispanófono, y el católico con el protestante. El multiculturalismo etnizado propuesto por la Constitución Política de 1991 en Colombia permitió que la población nativa del archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, la isleña-raizal, recibiera el reconocimiento jurídico como grupo étnico. Esto generó que dicho lugar se rigiera por normas especiales respecto al control de la migración y la economía, además de significar un avance alrededor del otorgamiento de derechos para esta población, hecho que profundizó el conflicto existente entre los pobladores raizales nativos y aquellos emigrados provenientes del Caribe continental colombiano. El presente artículo pretende dar a conocer cómo la implementación de políticas multiculturalistas ha fracturado el proceso de convivencia histórico entre ambas poblaciones.Palabras Clave: Multiculturalismo, Etnicidad, Conflicto social, Relaciones interétnicas, Caribe insular colombiano, Isleños-raizales, Pañas-continentales, Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina. ABSTRACTINTER-ETHNIC CONFLICTS IN THE COLOMBIAN INSULAR CARIBBEAN In the San Andres, Providencia and Santa Catalina Archipelago, located at the heart of the western Caribbean, in a small, 50 square kilometer insular territory, the Anglophone world meets the Spanish speaking, and the Catholic world meets the Protestant. The ethnicized multiculturalism proposed by the Political Constitution of 1991in Colombia allowed the native population of San Andres, Providencia and Santa Catalina, the Raizal-islander, to be legally recognized as an ethnic group. As a result, this place started to be governed by special norms regarding the migration and economy control, something which deepened the existing conflict between local Raizals and those from the Colombian Continental Caribbean. This article sets out to disclose how implementing multiculturalist polices have disrupted the historical process of coexistence between both communities.Key Words: Multiculturalism, Ethnicity, Social conflict, Interethnic relations, Colombian insular Caribbean, Raizal-islanders, Continental settlers (pañas), San Andres, Providencia and Santa Catalina Archipelago.
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Bravo-Hammett, Sonia, Ludovica Nucci, Teti Christou, Juan Fernando Aristizabal y Chung How Kau. "3D Analysis of Facial Morphology of a Colombian Population Compared to Adult Caucasians". European Journal of Dentistry 14, n.º 03 (24 de mayo de 2020): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712071.
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Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study involves describing the facial morphology of a Colombian population with three-dimensional (3D) imaging, and comparing their facial morphology with the Caucasian to create a database for this ethnicity. Materials and Methods: The study, which included 135 subjects selected from the Valle University in Cali, Colombia, and 535 Caucasian subjects selected from the FaceBase–Data (1U01DE024449–01), was funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. All images were taken in the natural head position (NHP) and captured using a stereo-photogrammetric camera system (3dMDface) to obtain a 3D image of each patient. The subjects were between 19 to 31 years of age, with a normal body mass index (BMI), and no craniofacial deformities. All images were plotted and analyzed using the 3dMDVultus software to calculate linear and angular measurements. Standard deviation (SD) and means were calculated for each measurement and analyzed using t-test for different samples. Results: The Hispanic population had wider eyes, more protruded upper and lower lips, wider face, and greater mandibular width. Caucasian females had a more acute full profile, larger middle third, and less protrusive lips. Understanding the facial morphology of different populations would help to establish a better diagnosis and treatment planning for each ethnicity. Conclusions: From this study, the following conclusions may be drawn:1. The mean values of Colombian males showed greater measurements than females in the majority of measurements.2. Caucasian females had a more acute full profile, larger middle and lower third, and less protrusive lips.3. This study showed significant ethnic differences in the linear and angular measurements, showing us the importance of considering these findings in the diagnosis and treatment planning when a Hispanic population is involved. Soft tissue values should reflect the norms according to each ethnic population in order to achieve treatment goals.
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Muñoz, Ercio A. y Dario Sansone. "Matching Patterns among Same-Sex and Different-Sex Couples in Latin America". AEA Papers and Proceedings 114 (1 de mayo de 2024): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20241042.
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Using microdata from the censuses of eight countries in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay), this paper describes matching patterns by age, ethnicity, and education among same-sex and different-sex couples. It shows that same-sex couples are more diverse than different-sex couples in terms of age, ethnicity, and education, although the differences are not large or statistically significant for ethnicity and education in all countries. It also reports notable differences between male and female same-sex couples, particularly in age and education matching.
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Gómez, Fernando, David Osorio-García, Luisa Panesso y Carmen-Lucia Curcio. "Healthy aging determinants and disability among older adults: SABE Colombia". Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 45 (1 de septiembre de 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2021.98.
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Objective. To identify the main factors associated with disability in older adults in Colombia, adjusted according to structural and intermediary determinants of healthy aging. Methods. This study used cross-sectional data from 23 694 adults over 60 years of age in the SABE Colombia nationwide survey. Structural determinants such as demographic and socioeconomic position variables were analyzed. Intermediary variables were classified into three blocks: intrinsic capacity, physical and built environment, and health care systems. Data analysis employed multivariate logistic regression. Results. The prevalence of overall disability was 21% for activities of daily living, 38% for instrumental activities of daily living, and 33% for mobility disability. Disability was associated with sociodemographic structural determinants such as older age, female sex, rural residence, never married/divorced, living alone, low educational level, and Indigenous/Black ethnicity. With regard to determinants of socioeconomic position, net low income, poor socioeconomic stratum, insufficient income perception, and a subsidized health insurance scheme exerted a major influence on disability. Intermediary determinants of intrinsic capacity, such as poor self-rated health, multimorbidity, low grip strength, sedentary lifestyle, early childhood economic adversity, no social support, and no participation in activities, were significantly associated with disability. Conclusions. Actions that affect the main factors associated with disability, such as reducing health inequities through policies, strategies, and activities, can contribute significantly to the well-being and quality of life of Colombian older adults.
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Vásquez-Rivera, Oscar Iván. "Cultural hybridization in three colombian indigenous productive organizations". Cuadernos de Administración 35, n.º 63 (27 de marzo de 2019): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cdea.v35i63.6916.
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Cultural Hybridization (CH) aims to analyze the processes of intercrossing and cultural exchange highlighted in the constitution of modernism and in the modernization processes in Latin America. This research is relevant because the units of analysis for identifying the objectives of CH are three Colombian Indigenous Productive Organizations (IPOs), which were formed with traditional indigenous ideals and in the middle of the market dynamics of the organizational economy, then transformed their ideals and cultural aspects with modern Western administrative and cultural practices. The research is based in a qualitative methodology that includes the following techniques: participatory observation; semi-structured interviews; and analysis of native documents. This methodology is applied to investigate the three IPOs of the Nasa ethnicity in Colombia. The results are different for each case. Resistance and then acceptance occurred in the smaller IPO, while segregation and acceptance occurred in the larger and senior IPO. In conclusion, the three IPOs present a diversity of cultural characteristics that provide empirical evidence of the CH in different levels.
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Agudelo-Suárez, Andrés A., Eliana Martínez-Herrera, Adriana Posada-López, Danilo Sánchez-Patiño y Yomaira Viñas-Sarmiento. "Ethnicity and Self-Perceived Oral Health in Colombia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis". Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 16, n.º 1 (28 de mayo de 2013): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-013-9844-2.
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Agudelo-Suarez, Andres A., Eliana Martinez-Herrera, Adriana Posado-Lopez y Anderson Rocha-Buelvas. "Ethnicity and Health in Colombia: What Do Self-perceived Health Indicators Tell Us?" Ethnicity & Disease 26, n.º 2 (20 de abril de 2016): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.26.2.147.
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<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To compare self-perceived health indicators between ethnic groups in Colombia.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Cross-sectional study with data from the 2007 National Public Health Survey (ENSP-2007). Data from 57,617 people ≥18 years were used. Variables included: belonging to an ethnic group (exposure);<br />self-rated health; mental health problems, injuries for accidents/violence (outcomes); sex, age, education level and occupation (explicative/control). A descriptive study was carried out of the explicative variables, and the prevalence of the outcomes was calculated according to ethnicity, education level and occupation. The association between the exposure variable and the outcomes was estimated by means of adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI using logistic regression. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of outcomes was higher in people reporting to belong to an ethnic group and differences were found by sex, ethnic groups and health outcomes. Women from the Palenquero group were<br />more likely to report poor self-rated health (aOR 7.04; 95%CI 2.50-19.88) and injuries from accidents/violence (aOR 7.99; 95%CI 2.89-22.07). Indigenous men were more likely to report mental health problems (aOR 1.75; 95%CI 1.41-2.17). Gradients according to ethnicity, education, occupation and sex were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Minority ethnic groups are vulnerable to reporting poor health<br />outcomes. Political actions are required to diminish health inequalities in these groups. <em>Ethn Dis</em>. 2016;26(2):147-156; doi:10.18865/ed.26.2.147</p>
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Ng'weno, Bettina. "Can Ethnicity Replace Race? Afro-Colombians, Indigeneity and the Colombian Multicultural State". Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 12, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2007): 414–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlat.2007.12.2.414.
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Castillo, Laura, Ana Milena Castro, Carolina Lerma, Darling Lozada y Freddy Moreno. "Mesiodistal and bucolingual dental diameters in a group of mixed ethnicity population in Cali, Colombia". Revista Estomatología 20, n.º 1 (29 de septiembre de 2017): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/re.v20i1.5745.
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Objective: To obtain the mesiodistal and bucolingual diameters of upper and lower permanent central and lateral incisors, cuspids, first and second premolars and first molars by the analysis of 66 plaster casts (27 women and 39 men) belonging to a group of mestizo Caucasoid in the city of Cali, in order to determine the mean diameters of each teeth class, sexual dimorphism, bilateral symmetry and biological distances of the studied sample.
Materials and methods: quantitative crosssectional descriptive study to characterize the dental dimensions through Moorrees method for meso-distal diameter and Kieser method for the buco-lingual diameter systems, using a gauge of thin tips with 0.1 mm of precision. The Student T test and Mann-Whitney test were used to determine sexual dimorphism and bilateral symmetry, respectively (p <0.05).
Results: According to the mesiodistal and bucolingual diameters, the permanent teeth of the studied population not display sexual dimorphism and they have bilateral symmetry. At the same time, a distance matrix with the respective dendrogram was built from the averages of these measurements, resulting in a grouping of the studied sample with microdontes global populations.
Conclusions: The studied sample has no sexual dimorphism, presents bilateral symmetry and is considered as a microdonte population.
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Hoyos García, David. "POST-COLONIAL NARRATIVE AND LANGUAGE AS AESTHETIC MATTER IN CIRO GUERRA’S EMBRACE OF THE SERPENT". Luciérnaga-Comunicación 11, n.º 21 (junio de 2019): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33571/revistaluciernaga.v11n21a3.
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The text analyzes the characteristics of colonial structures: race, ethnicity and loss of innocence, in the film by the Colombian director Ciro Guerra, Embrace of the Serpent (2015). For this, a dialogue is created with theoretical ideas from Fanon, Quijano, Shohat and Stam. This film is considered a critical postcolonial film.
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Cloonan, Veronica, Tammy Hatfield, Susan Branco y LaShauna Dean. "The Racial and Ethnic Identity Development Process for Adult Colombian Adoptees". Genealogy 7, n.º 2 (10 de mayo de 2023): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7020035.
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This research aimed to understand the process adult Colombian adoptees raised in the United States of America go through to define themselves in the context of race and ethnicity. The research followed a qualitative narrative methodology, in which six participants were interviewed twice regarding their experiences with transracial and transnational adoption and their ethnic and racial identity process. The results suggest that identity is a dynamic process. Our research also confirms Colombian’s history of unethical adoptions and its influence on the complexity of identity and loss of adult Colombian adoptees. Throughout the article, the researchers use the term biological family referring to Colombian birth families. However, we acknowledge that other terms (i.e., first, natural, original, etc.) are also used in the adoptee community.
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Cifuentes, Myriam Patricia, Laura Andrea Rodriguez-Villamizar, Maylen Liseth Rojas-Botero, Carlos Arturo Alvarez-Moreno y Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño. "Socioeconomic inequalities associated with mortality for COVID-19 in Colombia: a cohort nationwide study". Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 75, n.º 7 (4 de marzo de 2021): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-216275.
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BackgroundAfter 8 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, Latin American countries have some of the highest rates in COVID-19 mortality. Despite being one of the most unequal regions of the world, there is a scarce report of the effect of socioeconomic conditions on COVID-19 mortality in their countries. We aimed to identify the effect of some socioeconomic inequality-related factors on COVID-19 mortality in Colombia.MethodsWe conducted a survival analysis in a nation-wide retrospective cohort study of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Colombia from 2 March 2020 to 26 October 2020. We calculated the time to death or recovery for each confirmed case in the cohort. We used an extended multivariable time-dependent Cox regression model to estimate the HR by age groups, sex, ethnicity, type of health insurance, area of residence and socioeconomic strata.ResultsThere were 1 033 218 confirmed cases and 30 565 deaths for COVID-19 in Colombia between 2 March and 26 October. The risk of dying for COVID-19 among confirmed cases was higher in males (HR 1.68 95% CI 1.64 to 1.72), in people older than 60 years (HR 296.58 95% CI 199.22 to 441.51), in indigenous people (HR 1.20 95% CI 1.08 to 1.33), in people with subsidised health insurance regime (HR 1.89 95% CI 1.83 to 1.96) and in people living in the very low socioeconomic strata (HR 1.44 95% CI 1.24 to 1.68).ConclusionOur study provides evidence of socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 mortality in terms of age groups, sex, ethnicity, type of health insurance regimen and socioeconomic status.
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Resnick, Marc. "Estimating the Anthropometry of International Populations Using the Scaling Ratio Method". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, n.º 10 (octubre de 1995): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901028.
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Appropriate anthropometric data is a critical ingredient to good ergonomic design. For many populations, the available anthropometric data is severely limited; often just weight and stature is available. This study measured twenty key dimensions of the Colombian population to establish preliminary anthropometric measures in anticipation of a wider study, and evaluated the ability of the Scaling Ratio method to predict these data from anthropometric data of other populations. Results suggested that prediction errors are generally small when the reference population is similar in age, size, and ethnicity to the target population. However, the errors of some dimensions will be sufficiently large to prescribe that caution must be exercised in the use of any estimated data. The Colombian data was also compared to the U.S. civilian data which is currently used to design Colombian products (when anthropometric criteria are used at all). In terms of stature, when designing for ninety percent of the US population, only fifty-eight percent of the Colombian male population and sixty-eight percent of the Colombian female populations will be accommodated.
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García Lozano, Luisa Fernanda. "The incorporation of the perspective of kind and ethnicity in the Colombian legal field". Justicia 21, n.º 30 (1 de junio de 2016): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17081/just.21.30.1350.
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Triviño-Monar, Manuela. "Acciones colectivas para la construcción de paz con perspectiva interseccional. El caso de la Asociación de Mujeres Afrodescendientes de Yolombó (ASOMUAFROYO)". Revista CS, n.º 41 (19 de enero de 2024): a06. http://dx.doi.org/10.18046/recs.i41.06.
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Afro-descendant communities, especially ethnically differentiated women, have been victims of the historical neglect of the Colombian State. They have suffered the systematic violation of their fundamental rights due to social inequality, discrimination and the violence caused by the Colombian armed conflict. The objective of this article is to analyze, through a qualitative methodology, the organizational experience and collective actions for peace taken by the Association of Afro-descendant Women from Yolombó (ASOMUAFROYO), North Cauca. An intersectional perspective based on the categories of race/ethnicity, gender, and class as key points that structure peacebuilding initiatives is adopted. As a result, it was found that the definition of peace is linked to territory and ancestry, and that collective actions focus on meeting the needs of the community and make up for the historical shortcomings of the Colombian state in their territory.
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De Pourcq, Kobe, Evert Thomas, Marlene Elias y Patrick Van Damme. "Exploring Park–People Conflicts in Colombia through a Social Lens". Environmental Conservation 46, n.º 2 (29 de noviembre de 2018): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892918000413.
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SummaryNatural resource-related conflicts between local communities and nation states can be extremely destructive. Worldwide, interest is growing in gaining a better understanding of why and how these conflicts originate, particularly in protected areas inhabited by local communities. The literature on local attitudes towards and perceptions of park conservation and park–people conflicts is quite extensive. Studies have examined the socioeconomic and geographical determinants of attitudes to protected areas. However, the role of such determinants in the experience of park–people conflicts has received considerably less attention. Drawing on 601 interviews with people living in or near 15 Colombian national protected areas (NPAs), we examine the socioeconomic and geographical variables that are most influential in people’s experience of conflict related to restricted access to natural resources. We find that the experience of this type of conflict is largely explained by the NPA where a person resides, pursuit of productive activities within the NPA, previous employment in NPA administration, gender and ethnicity. We recommend implementing socially inclusive conservation strategies for conflict prevention and resolution in Colombia’s NPAs, whereby both women and men from different ethnic groups are engaged in design and implementation.
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Meléndrez Vásquez, Daniela, María Fernanda Ordoñez-Rubiano y Daniela Marín-Acevedo. "Dupilumab in children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis, a 52-week real-life experience: first report in Colombia". Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Dermatología y Cirugía Dermatológica 32, n.º 4 (29 de octubre de 2024): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29176/2590843x.1743.
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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by relapsing eczema and pruritus. Recently, dupilumab has shown to be safe and improve symptoms of moderate to severe AD in adolescents up to 52 weeks, however, very few Latin American patients were included, so comprehensive real-world data is needed. To our knowledge, there are no real-world studies published in this ethnicity regarding long-term treatment with Dupilumab for AD in adolescents.
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Martínez Cordero, Humberto, Jessica Zapata Malagon, Lorena Cubillos Osorio, Alejandro Rico Mendoza, Alexandra Porras Ramírez, Juan Ospina Idarraga, Henry Idrobo et al. "Multiple Myeloma Mortality Incidence Prevalence of Disease - Mmy Mind Study". Blood 136, Supplement 1 (5 de noviembre de 2020): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142376.
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Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous and incurable disease that evolves from asymptomatic premalignant conditions. The worldwide incidence, prevalence and mortality are well known thanks to data reported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and by the GLOBOCAN World Cancer Observatory. The data provided by Colombia to these reports comes from the population cancer registries corresponding to 5 cities whose most up-to-date data are from 2018. National data can also be found in the base of the high-cost account. Although it is true that there are excellent sources of information, it is believed that there is a significant underreporting of the prevalence of the disease, which makes it necessary to optimize the information to achieve the establishment of programs oriented to work on better control of this type of hematological cancer. The study MiMENTe (Mieloma Múltiple Epidemiología Nacional y territorial) is a collaborative effort to know the reality of the disease in terms of incidence, prevalence and mortality in Colombia as a first step to control the disease even in the premalignant stages for the future wanting to position itself as a model for the control of MM in developing countries. Methods MiMENTE (Mieloma Múltiple, Epidemiología Nacional y territorial) is a multiphase study that is going through its first stage through a cross-sectional study in Colombia. The total population diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma (ICD Code 10 C900) during the 2008-2018 period was included in the RIPS Individual Service Delivery Registry in Colombia and a comparison was made with the available data from GLOBOCAN (Global Cancer Observatory) and High Cost Account. Records that had an unidentified diagnosis were excluded. For this phase, a comparison is made of the data from the registries of the three entities described, three measures of frequency are established: Incidence, prevalence and mortality, standardizing the latter by means of a direct method, making the Colombian population comparable with large countries such as the United States. and Spain cataloged as centers of reference in the management and diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma. Variables such as ethnicity, age, place of origin, health regime, place of death will be studied in the future in later phases of the study. Results Between 2009 and 2018 (10 years), 26,356 MM diagnoses were found throughout the national territory of Colombia. The departments where the most attention to patients with this diagnosis was presented were Cundinamarca, Valle del Cauca, Antioquia, Santander, Bolívar and Atlántico Figure 1. The standardized incidence rate for Colombia in 2018 was 1.79 x 100,000 inhabitants, being higher in the Andean region as shown in the heat map. Graph 1. The total number of prevalent cases per year varied from 1138 cases in 2009 to 4474 cases in 2018 being for this year the adjusted prevalence of 8.97 x 100,000 inhabitants / year Graph 2. When the prevalence is analyzed by regions it is higher in the Andean region Graph 3. During this entire period of time, 5481 deaths were found, being 20.80%. The highest mortality occurred in the departments of Vichada, Meta, Caquetá, Risaralda, Atlántico and the island of San Andrés. Figure 2. The age-standardized mortality rate for Colombia is 1,39x100,000 inhabitants (Adjusted with the population of the United States). The most up-to-date data from IARC and GLOBOCAN are those corresponding to the year 2018. A comparison was made of our data with those reported in this last registry for Colombia in addition to the high-cost account. Comparative data were developed with the population of the United States, standardizing this population and it was also compared with the data reported for Spain. The prevalence of the disease is higher in Colombia than reported by GLOBOCAN, IARC and High cost drug account Table 1. Conclusion This is the first report of the MiMENTe study that shows the incidence, prevalence and mortality of patients with 10-year-old multiple myeloma in Colombia. The prevalence of the disease is higher than that reported by international registries. The regions with the highest incidence were those belonging to the andean region. The highest prevalence was confirmed in Bogotá and Antioquia and the highest mortality was observed in the Orinoco region. Disclosures Idrobo: Takeda: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Tecnofarma: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.
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Spurr, G. B., J. C. Reina y R. G. Hoffmann. "Basal metabolic rate of Colombian children 2–16 y of age: ethnicity and nutritional status". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1992): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/56.4.623.
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Mulet Trobat, Bartomeu, Catalina Oliver Cardell, Liliana Alvarez, Biel Gelabert Noguera, Francisco González Paredes y Rosa Caramés Balo. "Apuntes sociológicos de las inmigrantes suramericanas (Ecuador, Bolivia y Colombia) en Mallorca." Áreas. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales, n.º 40 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/areas.417591.
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Se trata de visibilizar y mostrar las desigualdades de género en el marco de la diversidad cultural, en un contexto de multiculturalidad transcultural jerarquizada en Mallorca como sociedad receptora. Para constatar estos planteamientos se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a mujeres afro-ecuatorianas y originarias, emigradas de Suramérica hacia Mallorca, registrando sus respuestas en un cuestionario-guía preestablecido. Éste fue contestado por 39 mujeres de origen étnico afro-ecuatoriano y originarias de Ecuador, Colombia y Bolivia. Estas mujeres constituyen una muestra y un ejemplo significativo de la feminización de la migración y la supervivencia colectiva. The aim is to make visible and show gender inequalities within the framework of cultural diversity, in a context of hierarchical cross-cultural multiculturalism in Mallorca as a host society. In order to verify these approaches, in-depth interviews were conducted with Afro-Ecuadorian women and indigenous natives, emigrated from South America to Mallorca, recording their responses in a pre-established questionnaire-guide. This was answered by 39 women of Afro-Ecuadorian and indigenous ethnicity from Ecuador, Colombia and Bolivia. They represent a significant aspect of the feminization of migration and collective survival.
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Gilbertson, Greta A. "Women's Labor and Enclave Employment: The Case of Dominican and Colombian Women in New York City". International Migration Review 29, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1995): 657–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900302.
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The enclave hypothesis holds that obligations stemming from a common ethnicity not only permit utilization of past investments in human capital, but help to create opportunities for mobility. This implies that both men and women benefit from a broader reward structure involving more than just wages. Yet few studies examine whether immigrants in co-ethnic-owned firms, particularly women, benefit from these other forms of compensation, such as advancement opportunities. Using data from a survey of Colombian and Dominican immigrants in New York City, this research examines whether Dominican and Colombian women working in Hispanic-owned firms in New York City are advantaged relative to women in other labor market sectors in earnings-returns to human capital, opportunities for skill acquisition, and fringe benefits. The results indicate that enclave employment provides women with low wages, minimal benefits, and few opportunities for advancement.
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Vargas, Edgar, Peter G. Blake, Mauricio Sanabria, Alfonso Bunch, Patricia López, Jasmín Vesga, Alberto Buitrago, Kindar Astudillo, Martha Devia y Ricardo Sánchez. "Early Peritonitis in A Large Peritoneal Dialysis Provider System in Colombia". Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 37, n.º 1 (enero de 2017): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2016.00030.
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BackgroundPeritonitis is the most important complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), and early peritonitis rate is predictive of the subsequent course on PD. Our aim was to calculate the early peritonitis rate and to identify characteristics and predisposing factors in a large nationwide PD provider network in Colombia.MethodsThis was a historical observational cohort study of all adult patients starting PD between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2013, in 49 renal facilities in the Renal Therapy Services in Colombia. We studied the peritonitis rate in the first 90 days of treatment, its causative micro-organisms, its predictors and its variation with time on PD and between individual facilities.ResultsA total of 3,525 patients initiated PD, with 176 episodes of peritonitis during 752 patient-years of follow-up for a rate of 0.23 episodes per patient year equivalent to 1 every 52 months. In 41 of 49 units, the rate was better than 1 per 33 months, and in 45, it was better than 1 per 24 months. Peritonitis rates did not differ with age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or PD modality. We identified high incidence risk periods at 2 to 5 weeks after initiation of PD and again at 10 to 12 weeks.ConclusionAn excellent peritonitis rate was achieved across a large nationwide network. This occurred in the context of high nationwide PD utilization and despite high rates of socioeconomic deprivation. We propose that a key factor in achieving this was a standardized approach to management of patients.
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Melo, Jairo Baquero. "The intersection of race, class, and ethnicity in agrarian inequalities, identities, and the social resistance of peasants in Colombia". Current Sociology 63, n.º 7 (3 de junio de 2015): 1017–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392115586801.
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Garzón-Orjuela, Nathaly, Javier Eslava-Schmalbach, Fabian Gil y Carol C. Guarnizo-Herreño. "Health Insurance Scheme: Main Contributor to Inequalities in COVID-19 Mortality in Colombia". American Journal of Public Health 112, S6 (agosto de 2022): S586—S590. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306637.
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Objectives. To quantify socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 mortality in Colombia and to assess the extent to which type of health insurance, comorbidity burden, area of residence, and ethnicity account for such inequalities. Methods. We analyzed data from a retrospective cohort of COVID-19 cases. We estimated the relative and slope indices of inequality (RII and SII) using survival models for all participants and stratified them by age and gender. We calculated the percentage reduction in RII and SII after adjustment for potentially relevant factors. Results. We identified significant inequalities for the whole cohort and by subgroups (age and gender). Inequalities were higher among younger adults and gradually decreased with age, going from RII of 5.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.25, 9.82) in participants younger than 25 years to RII of 1.49 (95% CI = 1.41, 1.58) in those aged 65 years and older. Type of health insurance was the most important factor, accounting for 20% and 59% of the relative and absolute inequalities, respectively. Conclusions. Significant socioeconomic inequalities exist in COVID-19 mortality in Colombia. Health insurance appears to be the main contributor to those inequalities, posing challenges for the design of public health strategies. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S6):S586–S590. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306637 )
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Shao-Kobayashi, Satoko. "“My dad is samurai”: Positioning of race and ethnicity surrounding a transnational Colombian Japanese high school student". Linguistics and Education 24, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2013): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2013.03.002.
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Cediel, Gustavo, Elisa María Cadena, Pamela Vallejo, Diego Gaitán y Fabio Da Silva Gomes. "The increasing trend in the consumption of ultra-processed food products is associated with a diet related to chronic diseases in Colombia—Evidence from national nutrition surveys 2005 and 2015". PLOS Global Public Health 4, n.º 1 (11 de enero de 2024): e0001993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001993.
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Introduction Ultra-processed food products (UPF) have been related to chronic diseases (CD). Public health politics has been establishing strategies to decrease the consumption of these products in the country. Objectives i) To assess the trend of the consumption of UPF between 2005 and 2015. (ii) its association with sociodemographic factors and the overall dietary content of nutrients related to CD in 2015. (iii) to estimate the Population Attributable Fraction of unhealthy nutrient intake in Colombia in 2015 due to ultra-processed food consumption. Methods We used data from the first (2005) and the last (2015) National Surveys of the Nutritional Status in Colombia. Food consumption was assessed using a 24-hour food recall. The NOVA classification classified the food items according to the extent and purpose of industrial processing. Results The consumption of processed and UPF increased in Colombia between 2005 and 2015. In 2015, no significant differences were found in the consumption of UPF between men and women but significant differences by age, wealth index, area of residence, and ethnicity (p<0.001). A significant positive association was found between the dietary share of UPF and the content of CD-related nutrients such as free sugars, total fats, saturated fats, trans-fats, and sodium. The prevalence of excessive intake of all CD-related nutrients (according to WHO recommendations) increased across quintiles of the dietary share of UPF. With the reduction of UPF consumption to the level seen among the 20% lowest consumers [1.0% (0–4.5%) of the total energy from UPF], the prevalence of excessive nutrient intake was almost three-fourths lower for trans fats; around one third lower for free sugar and saturated fats, 26% lower for sodium and 15% lower for total fat. Conclusions In Colombia, the increasing trend in the consumption of UPF is associated with increasing intake of CD-related nutrients. Thus, reducing the consumption of UPF is a potentially effective way to achieve the nutritional goals of the WHO for the prevention of CD.
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Fischer, Thomas. "Craftsmen, Merchants, and Violence in Colombia: The Sucesos de Bucaramanga of 1879". Itinerario 20, n.º 1 (marzo de 1996): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300021549.
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The development of Colombia's import/export economy was accompanied by numerous violent conflicts from the second half of the nineteenth century onward. Craftsmen were among those who fiercely opposed the model of ‘outward-looking development’ (desarrollo hacia afuera). With independence this group initially increased in number during the first half of the nineteenth century. Around 1870, their proportion of the gainfully employed male population may have come to about ten per cent. More than sixty per cent of all working women were involved in handicraft activities. Artesanos, as craftsmen were listed in Colombian population statistics, were one of the most wide-spread occupational classes until the turn of the century. In nearly all towns and cities there were tanners, shoemakers, weavers, dyers, tailors, blacksmiths, bricklayers, carpenters, joiners, and potters, as well as the newly introduced trades of lithographers and letterpress printers, to provide for the local consumers’ demands. However, artisans differed from region to region in terms of quantity (absolutely and as a percentage of the total population), composition of professions, proportion of women and children, as well as in their ethnicity. Moreover, a largely rural textile industry (based on family concerns) developed near Pasto as well as in Santander and Boyacá and became famous beyond these regions. In contrast to urban manufacture in Bogotá and Bucaramanga dominated by mestizoes, and that of Cali and the Atlantic coast dominated by mulattos, these weavers were mainly of Indian descent. In Tolima and in parts of Antioquia and Santander palm straw hats (‘Panama hats’) were produced - mainly by Indian women. This headgear was priced so reasonably that the hats were exported in large quantities to the West Indies and the USA.
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Paredes-Arturo, Yenny Vicky, Eunice Yarce-Pinzon, Diego Mauricio Diaz-Velasquez y Daniel Camilo Aguirre-Acevedo. "Factors Associated with Cognitive and Functional Performance in Indigenous Older Adults of Nariño, Colombia". Journal of Aging Research 2019 (1 de octubre de 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4542897.
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Introduction. Ethnicity in Latin America is a factor of poverty and social exclusion. Like in developed countries, demographic, medical, psychosocial, global cognitive, and functional variables interact in a complex relationship on the elderly population. Such interaction should be considered to determine cognitive and functional performance using screening tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors affecting global cognitive performance as well as functional activities. Methods. The study was conducted in a Colombian elderly indigenous population which included a sample of 518 adults. This research employed a structural model of latent factors to assess the effects of demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors on cognitive and functional performance. The model was estimated by least squares and used a maximum-likelihood procedure, and it was determined RMSEA, TLI, and CFI to assess the model’s goodness of fit. The categorical variables used in the model were as follows: (1) demographics, (2) psychosocial factors, (3) medical condition, (4) global cognition, and (5) functional factors. Results. Demographics, in addition to medical and psychosocial factors, were related to global cognition and functional factors (RMSEA = 0.051, CI 90% 0.045–0.057, CFI = 0.901, and TLI = 0.881). Conclusion. These results provide strong evidence about the complex relationships among demographics, medical conditions, and psychosocial factors and their influence on global cognition and functional performance in Colombian indigenous elderly population.
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Waldmueller, Johannes M. "(In)Visibilization through decolonial delinking? Disrupting the permanently neglected disaster at the border of Colombia and Ecuador". Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, n.º 6 (20 de julio de 2020): 929–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-01-2020-0002.
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PurposeThe geopolitical relevance of the region with regard to clandestine and market interests exerting ecological pressures over mangroves and artisanal fishing thus raises awareness with regard to the local disaster's potentially global dimension. Delinking thus suggests divergent visibilization strategies regarding the narratives and framings of the region.Design/methodology/approachReflecting on previous ethnographic and quantitative research on the impacted livelihoods in the Canton of Muisne (Ecuador) in the aftermath of the earthquake of April 2016, this article explores some disruptive dimensions of the permanent disaster in the predominantly black Ecuadorian–Colombian border region.FindingsBy drawing on decolonial theory, as well as by shifting between a mainstream narrative of the disaster, on the one hand, and a “delinked narrative,” on the other, this article is in line with more recent publications arguing that neither local and time bound accounts of vulnerability, ethnicity and (in)visibility, nor mainstream depictions of a “lack of development” are able to generate the required knowledge to disrupt from this permanently neglected disaster.Originality/valueIn order to understand the disaster beyond its ostensibly local dimension, economic, environmental, as well as the geopolitical considerations are suggested, resulting in a different framing of the disaster.
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Giebel, Clarissa, Gabriel Saldarriaga-Ruiz, Mark Gabbay, Erika Maria Montoya y Maria Isabel Zuluaga-Callejas. "P38: A qualitative study on the impacts of stressful life events on the mental health of older adults in Colombia". International Psychogeriatrics 35, S1 (diciembre de 2023): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610223003988.
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Background:Many older adults in Colombia have lived through violent and stressful life events, particularly in areas of poverty where the problem of mental ill-health is commonly tigmatized in lower- and middle-income countries. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand the impact of stressful life events on the mental health and wellbeing of older Colombians living in areas of relative poverty.Methods:Older adults (aged 60+) living in the Turbo region in Colombia were interviewed face-to-face between August and December 2021. Participants were recruited via snowball sampling based on criteria of ethnicity, gender, age, and place of residence. Transcripts were coded in Spanish and English by at least two research team members, using inductive thematic analysis.Results:Twenty-six older adults participated in the study. Four overarching themes were generated: Living in violent and dangerous communities; Disturbing gender violence and gender roles; Lack of mental health awareness; Coping mechanisms. Older adults experienced a long narrative of stressful life events, from their youth into old age. Younger generations appeared to disrespect older members of Society, and participants witnessed a constant availability of around them – both interpersonal and within their neighbourhoods. Without any mental health support or awareness, older adults coped by merely accepting the extreme situations or seeking solace in their faith.Conclusions:The health system and Government need to build up trust in its institutions and generate an awareness of mental health, as older Colombians will not approach psychological support otherwise. Intergenerational community-based interventions embedded within neighbourhoods may provide a first avenue of mental health support.
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Rivas-Campo, Yulieth, Elsa Patricia Muñoz-Laverde, Agustín Aibar-Almazán, José Daniel Jiménez-García, Antonio Martínez-Amat, Patricia Alexandra García-Garro, Juan Miguel Muñoz-Perete, Manuel Garcia-Sillero y Yolanda Castellote-Caballero. "Handgrip Strength-Related Factors in a Colombian Hypertensive Population: A Cross-Sectional Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 6 (21 de marzo de 2022): 3726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063726.
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(1) Background: This study determined the factors associated with manual grip strength in people with high blood pressure (HBP); (2) Methods: 219 subjects participated in this cross-sectional study, which evaluated muscle strength (manual dynamometer), sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-IPAQ score), and depression (Zung’s Depression Self-Rating Scale); (3) Results: The bivariate analysis found that handgrip strength in people with HPB was associated with sex (p = 0.000), age (p = 0.000), ethnicity (p = 0.019), smoking habits (p = 0.037), alcohol consumption (p = 0.004), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.012), weight (p = 0.000), height (p = 0.000), measurement of waist circumference (p = 0.002), depression (p = 0.041), and IPAQ score (p = 0.000). Regardless of being male or female, handgrip strength was associated with age (p = 0.009), IPAQ (p = 0.000), weight (p = 0.038), height (p = 0.000), DPB units (p = 0.043), and depression (p = 0.020). The multivariate generalized linear gamma regression model showed that the coefficient with the greatest weight, regardless of sex, was age (p = 0.043), level of physical activity (24% more at high level than at low level, p = 0.031), and depression (moderate/severe depression level) associated with lower handgrip strength (p = 0.025); (4) Conclusions: Handgrip strength showed an association with level of physical activity, age, and level of depression in a middle-aged population with HBP.
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Sarmiento Doncel, Samuel Sarmiento, Gina Alejandra Díaz Díaz Mosquera, Javier Mauricio Cortes, Carol Agudelo Agudelo Rico, Francisco Javier Meza Meza Cadavid y Ronald Guillermo Peláez. "Haemophilia A: A Review of Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, Mutations, and the Development of Inhibitors". Hematology Reports 15, n.º 1 (16 de febrero de 2023): 130–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep15010014.
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The purpose of this narrative review was to provide an overview that allows readers to improve their understanding of hemophilia A, which is considered a genetic disease with a high impact on the quality of life of people who suffer from it is considered one of the diseases with the highest cost for health systems (In Colombia it is part of the five diseases with the greatest economic impact). After this exhaustive review, we can see that the treatment of hemophilia is on the way to precision medicine, which involves genetic variables specific to each race and ethnicity, pharmacokinetics (PK), as well as environmental factors and lifestyle. Knowing the impact of each of these variables and their relationship with the efficacy of treatment (prophylaxis: regular infusion of the missing clotting factor VIII in order to prevent spontaneous bleeding) will allow for individualizing the medical behavior in a cost-effective way. For this is required to build more strong scientific evidence with statistical power that allows us to infer.
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Ordoñez-Betancourth, JE, R. Bhopal y R. Jepson. "PP58 The challenge of international studies in ethnicity and childhood obesity research: a case study using Colombia, Canada, Brazil, Mexico and the United Kingdom". Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 69, Suppl 1 (31 de agosto de 2015): A78.1—A78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-206256.155.
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Reyes, Niradiz, Oscar Montes, Stephanie Figueroa, Raj Tiwari, Christopher C. Sollecito, Rebecca Emmerich, Mykhaylo Usyk, Jan Geliebter y Robert D. Burk. "Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and microbiome composition among medical students from Colombia: a cross-sectional study". F1000Research 9 (3 de febrero de 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22035.1.
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Background: The anterior nares are the main ecological niche for Staphylococcus aureus, an important commensal and opportunistic pathogen. Medical students are frequently colonized by a variety of pathogens. Microbial interactions in the human nose can prevent or favor colonization by pathogens, and individuals colonized by pathogens have increased risk of infection and are the source of transmission to other community members or susceptible individuals. According to recent studies, the microbiome from several anatomic areas of healthy individuals varies across different ethnicities. Although previous studies analyzed the nasal microbiome in association with S. aureus carriage, those studies did not provide information regarding ethnicity of participants. Our aim was to assess S. aureus nasal carriage patterns and prevalence among medical students from Colombia, a country of Hispanic origin, and to investigate possible associations of colonization and nasal microbiome composition (bacterial and fungal) in a subgroup of students with known S. aureus carriage patterns. Methods: Nasal swabs from second-year medical students were used to determine prevalence and patterns of S. aureus nasal carriage. Based on microbiological results, we assigned participants into one of three patterns of S. aureus colonization: persistent, intermittent, and non-carrier. Then, we evaluated the composition of nasal microbial communities (bacterial and fungal) in 5 individuals from each carriage category using 16S rRNA and Internal-Transcribed-Spacer sequencing. Results: Prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among medical students was 28%. Carriage of methicillin-resistant strains was 8.4% and of methicillin-sensitive strains was 19.6%. We identified 19.6% persistent carriers, 17.5% intermittent carriers, and 62.9% non-carriers. Conclusions: Analysis of nasal microbiome found that bacterial and fungal diversity was higher in individuals colonized by S. aureus than in non-carriers; however, the difference among the three groups was non-significant. We confirmed that fungi were present within the healthy anterior nares at substantial biomass and richness.
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Reyes, Niradiz, Oscar Montes, Stephanie Figueroa, Raj Tiwari, Christopher C. Sollecito, Rebecca Emmerich, Mykhaylo Usyk, Jan Geliebter y Robert D. Burk. "Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and microbiome composition among medical students from Colombia: a cross-sectional study". F1000Research 9 (21 de abril de 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22035.2.
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Background: The anterior nares are the main ecological niche for Staphylococcus aureus, an important commensal and opportunistic pathogen. Medical students are frequently colonized by a variety of pathogens. Microbial interactions in the human nose can prevent or favor colonization by pathogens, and individuals colonized by pathogens have increased risk of infection and are the source of transmission to other community members or susceptible individuals. According to recent studies, the microbiome from several anatomic areas of healthy individuals varies across different ethnicities. Although previous studies analyzed the nasal microbiome in association with S. aureus carriage, those studies did not provide information regarding ethnicity of participants. Our aim was to assess S. aureus nasal carriage patterns and prevalence among medical students from Colombia, a country of Hispanic origin, and to investigate possible associations of colonization and nasal microbiome composition (bacterial and fungal) in a subgroup of students with known S. aureus carriage patterns. Methods: Nasal swabs from second-year medical students were used to determine prevalence and patterns of S. aureus nasal carriage. Based on microbiological results, we assigned participants into one of three patterns of S. aureus colonization: persistent, intermittent, and non-carrier. Then, we evaluated the composition of nasal microbial communities (bacterial and fungal) in 5 individuals from each carriage category using 16S rRNA and Internal-Transcribed-Spacer sequencing. Results: Prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among medical students was 28%. Carriage of methicillin-resistant strains was 8.4% and of methicillin-sensitive strains was 19.6%. We identified 19.6% persistent carriers, 17.5% intermittent carriers, and 62.9% non-carriers. Conclusions: Analysis of nasal microbiome found that bacterial and fungal diversity was higher in individuals colonized by S. aureus than in non-carriers; however, the difference among the three groups was non-significant. We confirmed that fungi were present within the healthy anterior nares at substantial biomass and richness.
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Rivera, Reynaldo, David Santos-Velasco, Victoria Cabrera-García y María-del-Carmen Docal-Millán. "Online and offline pornography consumption in Colombian adolescents". Comunicar 24, n.º 46 (1 de enero de 2016): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c46-2016-04.
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Mass media consumption has increased markedly in recent years. One unintended consequence of this increase is the proliferation of risky consumption, including online and offline pornography. Although the literature has noted a series of predictive variables (age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family structure), recent studies have suggested including values and lifestyles as relevant factors in consumption decisions. The objective of the present study was to examine whether adolescents’ lifestyles were relevant predictors of the consumption of pornography both on the Internet and in magazines or videos. A cross-sectional observational study design that included a representative sample of 9,942 Colombian adolescents (Mage=14.93, SD=2.47) was used. To control the effects of sociodemographic, structural, and individual variables, their lifestyles were examined using a multiple regression analysis and mediation analysis. The results indicated that a positive intrafamilial style was associated with a reduction in the consumption of pornography; however, both a negative intrafamilial style and a relational independence style increased consumption. In addition, the study suggests that family relational styles can mediate the relationship between positive values and risky behavior both online and offline. Finally, we discuss the results from the relational perspective, including its application in media literacy programs. El consumo de medios de comunicación se ha incrementado notablemente en los últimos años. Una consecuencia no deseada de ello es la proliferación de consumos de riesgo, como es el caso de la pornografía on-line y off-line. Aunque la literatura ha señalado una serie de variables predictoras (edad, género, etnia, nivel socioeconómico o estructura familiar), estudios recientes han sugerido incluir los valores y los estilos de vida como factores asociados a las decisiones de consumo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue examinar si los estilos de vida relacionales de los adolescentes son predictores relevantes del consumo de pornografía tanto en Internet como en revistas o vídeos. Se empleó un diseño observacional transversal que incluyó una muestra representativa de 9.942 adolescentes colombianos (Medad=14,93, DT=2,47). Los estilos de vida, controlando el efecto de variables sociodemográficas, estructurales e individuales, fueron sometidos a un análisis de regresión múltiple y a un análisis de mediación. Los resultados indicaron que el estilo intrafamiliar positivo estuvo asociado con una reducción en el consumo de pornografía, sin embargo, tanto el estilo intrafamiliar negativo como el de independencia relacional incrementan el mismo. Además se propone que los estilos relacionales familiares pueden mediar la relación entre los valores positivos y el comportamiento de riesgo on-line y off-line. Finalmente, se realiza una discusión de los resultados desde la perspectiva relacional y su aplicación en programas de educación mediática.
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Minani Passy, Pascasie y Abdoulaye Gueye. "Devine qui s’invite aux élections cette année ! Les minorités visibles et leur représentation politique en Ontario et en Colombie-Britannique (Canada)". Social Science Information 59, n.º 2 (26 de mayo de 2020): 380–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018420926308.
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This article deals with the level of political representation of ethnoracial minority groups in the legislative assemblies of Ontario and British Columbia. It aims at evaluating several theories on the level of political representation of ethnoracial minorities on the one hand, and on the difference between the levels of political representation of these groups on the other hand. One of its main inputs is theoretical. First, it introduces a complexification of the residential concentration theory and, above all of the premise of ethnic affinity by suggesting that a distinction should be made between two concepts: on the one hand centripetal ethnic affinity and, on the other hand, transversal ethnic affinity. The first concept deals with emotional tendencies – expressed by concrete acts – of members of an ethnic group to answer favorably to the incitement of individuals (As) who have the same ethnic identity than them (the As), against individuals of a different ethnicity (the Bs). Moreover, the concept of transversal ethnic affinity is of foremost importance here, as we talk about the political dynamism of pluriethnic societies where the distinction between majority and minority is far from enlightening, as each of these entities is composite, including indeed several ethnic groups whose interests converge as much as they differ according to the situations. This concept also draws its usefulness from the opportunity it offers to measure the meaning within the political space of the dichotomy between ‘white majority group’ and ‘racialized minority.’ On the methodological side, this article proceeds from the complete counting of legislative elections’ results that took place in 2018 in Ontario and 2017 in British Columbia, according to two main criteria: a) the ethnoracial identification of elected candidates, and b) the ethnic distribution of the population living in the electoral districts that elected a member of an ethnoracial minority.
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Pelaez Freire, Julian A., Mauricio Hernández Carillo, Liliana Arias Castillo, Jorge A. Holguin Ruiz y Julian A. Herrera Murgueitio. "Social Determinants and Ethnic Factors Associated with a New Spatial Distribution of Maternal Mortality for a City of Colombia (2000-2019)". European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, n.º 4 (4 de julio de 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.4.916.
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Introduction: Maternal mortality in our region observed a significative reduction, however, it continues to be a a public health problem. In Cali-Colombia was traditionally concentrated in the eastern and hillside areas and with high prevalence of afroamerican patients.
Materials and methods: To analyze the behavior of maternal mortality during the last twenty years in the city, an ecological analytical study of spatial correlation was carried out including in the analysis, economic, sociocultural and health care factors. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed.
Results: The spatial analysis showed clusters of maternal mortality in the northern and central areas of the city. As a risk factor for maternal mortality, it was observed that in pregnant women belonging to the mixed ethnic backgrounds and spanic white ethnicity from low socioeconomic income (IRR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.24). Access to basic education (OR: 0.66, 95% CI 0.53-0.83), attendance at prenatal care (OR: 0.95 95% CI 0.93-0.98) and access to health institutions (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95-0-97) identified as protective factors for maternal mortality.
Conclusion: The clusters for maternal-perinatal mortality in the city during the last two decades had a significant spatial change with a new pattern of risk factors associated to maternal mortality.
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Valero Rey, Ana. "Más allá de la victimización. Resistencias, creaciones y cuestionamientos = Beyond victimization. Resistances, creations and questionings". FEMERIS: Revista Multidisciplinar de Estudios de Género 2, n.º 1 (17 de enero de 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2017.3550.
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Resumen: Este artículo nace de una investigación doctoral que analiza las re-formulaciones identitarias de las mujeres indígenas desplazadas en el contexto de conflicto armado en Colombia. El objetivo del mismo es mostrar cómo la condición de víctimas trae consigo estrategias de resistencia, creaciones y cuestionamientos. Desde las circunstancias que viven muestro cómo las identidades de género, etnia y desplazada son base de vulneración de sus derechos. Asimismo, las mujeres indígenas, como sujetos activas, re-formulan sus identidades tras pasar por situaciones de ruptura de las mismas. Se posicionan como agentes de cambio, generadoras de nuevos discursos y prácticas. A través de estas realidades advertimos las redes y movilizaciones que las mujeres indígenas están llevando a cabo, así como las reflexiones y cuestionamientos que se dan desde el activismo y el campo teórico. Palabras clave: identidad de género, identidad étnica, violencia, resistencia, discursos propios. Abstract: This article builds on my doctoral research which analyzed reformulations of identity of displaced indigenous women in the context of armed conflict in Colombia. The objective is to show how the condition of victims bring about resistance strategies, creations and questions. Focusing on the case of displaced indigenous women, I show how identities of gender, ethnicity and displacement are based on infringement of their rights. Furthermore, indigenous women, as active subjects, reformulate their identities after going through situations of rupture. They position themselves as agents of change, generating new discourses and practices. Through these realities we advise the networks and mobilizations that indigenous women are carrying out, as well as reflections and questions which they make, both from the perspectives of activism and theory. Keywords: gender identity, ethnic identity, violence, resistance, own discourses.doi: https://doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2017.3550
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Soler, Sandra. "Between Dark Black and Light Brown. Discourses and Ethnic Identities among Afrodescendant Boys and Girls in School Context in Bogotá". Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal 14, n.º 1 (14 de junio de 2012): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22487085.3826.
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There is a felt need to understand the way ethnic identities are constructed by Afrodescendant boys and girls aged 6-12 in school contextsin Bogotá as there is little research in such specific context and topic in Colombia. This research report proposes a discourse analysis andsocial psychology approach to tackle such problem. Thus this paper seeks to identify the discursive mechanisms that allow us to know howidentity processes emerge from the acceptance or denial of ethnicity; mechanisms that may lead or have an effect on discursive adaptation,resistance or negotiation. Findings suggest that children begin early their ethnic self-identification from the color of the skin, whereby theydifferentiate a wide color range, tending towards whitening. Children have different degrees of ethnic appraisal that go from pride to rejection.In inter-ethnic relations, they tend to deny or minimize the conflict, and there is a tendency to avoid speaking about it. Children identify thecause of the problem as a quantitative issue, as they are minority in Bogotá. In inter-ethnic dynamics, some children accept the stereotypesassigned to them, others reject them, and others scoff at them.
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Martinez Tyson, Dinorah (Dina), Heide Castañeda, Milagro Porter, Marisel Quiroz y Iraida Carrion. "More Similar than Different? Exploring Cultural Models of Depression among Latino Immigrants in Florida". Depression Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/564396.
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The Surgeon General's report, “Culture, Race, and Ethnicity: A Supplement to Mental Health,” points to the need for subgroup specific mental health research that explores the cultural variation and heterogeneity of the Latino population. Guided by cognitive anthropological theories of culture, we utilized ethnographic interviewing techniques to explore cultural models of depression among foreign-born Mexican (n=30), Cuban (n=30), Columbian (n=30), and island-born Puerto Ricans (n=30), who represent the largest Latino groups in Florida. Results indicate that Colombian, Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican immigrants showed strong intragroup consensus in their models of depression causality, symptoms, and treatment. We found more agreement than disagreement among all four groups regarding core descriptions of depression, which was largely unexpected but can potentially be explained by their common immigrant experiences. Findings expand our understanding about Latino subgroup similarities and differences in their conceptualization of depression and can be used to inform the adaptation of culturally relevant interventions in order to better serve Latino immigrant communities.
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Yamamoto-Furusho, J. K., N. N. Parra-Holguín, E. Grupo-Colombiano, F. Bosques-Padilla, G. Veitia-Velásquez, E. Torres, F. Piñol-Jiménez et al. "P749 Epidemiological and clinical characterisation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Latin America and the Caribbean: The EPI-LATAM IBD study from the Pan American Crohn’s colitis organisation". Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (enero de 2020): S599—S600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.877.
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Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently recognised as a global health problem, since its incidence and prevalence have increased significantly worldwide in recent years. Studies in Latin America are only limited to reporting incidence and prevalence, so our main objective is to report the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of IBD in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Methods This is a multicentre cohort study in which 8 Latin American and Caribbean countries were included: Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela during the period from August 2017 to October 2019. Two study groups were conducted by geographic region due to their ethnicity, Group 1) Caribbean: Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic, Group 2) Latin America: Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela and Peru. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical programme SPSS v.24. A value of p <0.05 was taken as significant. Results This study included a total of 4216 IBD patients from 8 countries. The CD was more frequent than UC in the following countries: Puerto Rico with 68.5%, Dominican Republic 56.3% and Peru with 53.1%, while in the rest of the countries the frequency of UC predominated, in Colombia by 79.2%, Venezuela in 78.4%, Cuba in 69.9% and Mexico in 75.8%. The Caribbean countries had a significantly higher frequency in the fistulising phenotype in CD with 65.1% (p = 0.0001), steroid dependence in 11.51% (pp = 0.002), steroid resistance in 28.5% (pp = 0.0001), thiopurine intolerance in 1.40% (p = 0.0002), extraintestinal manifestations in 55.91% (p = 0.0001), IBD surgeries in 32.10% (p = 0.0001) and family history of IBD reported a frequency of 15.60% (p = 0.0001). For Latin America, the frequency of pancolitis was more frequent in 48.21% (p = 0001) in patients with UC. The factors associated with the use of biological therapy were: fistulising phenotype in CD, steroid resistance, thiopurine intolerance, presence of extraintestinal manifestations and IBD-related surgeries. There is an increased frequency in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades (2000–2019), being 7.5 times for UC and 12.5 times for CD as show in Figure 1. Conclusion This is the first large and multicentre study in Latin America and the Caribbean which showed significant increase in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades as well as the differences in clinical and epidemiological characteristics between both regions.
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Vallejo-Urrego, Michael, Alejandra M. Parra-Morales y Adriana Gonzalez. "HDR syndrome in a Colombian woman with a genital tract malformation: First case report in Latin America". Revista de Salud Pública 20, n.º 5 (1 de septiembre de 2018): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v20n5.71057.
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Objectives Hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness and renal disease (HDR) syndrome, also known as Barakat syndrome, is an autosomal dominant transmission hereditary disease with a wide range of penetrance and expressivity. Haploinsufficiency of the GATA3 two finger zinc transcription factor is believed to be its cause. This is the first time this orphan disease is reported in Latin America, so the publishing of this report is expected to raise awareness on these types of syndrome, that are usually underdiagnosed in our region, which in turn causes an increase in the years lost to disability (YLDs) rates, as well as higher costs to be assumed by public health systems.Methods A 36-year-old Colombian woman diagnosed with parathyroid gland agenesis was referred from the Endocrinology Service to the Outpatient Service. According to her medical record, in the past she had developed hypocalcaemia, left renal agenesis, hypoparathyroidism, bicornate uterus and sensorineural hearing loss. Through a genetic analysis a pathological mutation on the short arm of the GATA 3 gen (c.404dupC, p Ala136 GlyfsTER 167) was confirmed, which led to a HDR syndrome diagnosis.Discussion This case proves that there is a possibility that mutations described in other continents may be developed by individuals from our region. Regardless of ethnicity, Barakat syndrome should be considered as a possible diagnosis in patients presenting the typical triad that has been described for this condition, since there could be underdiagnosis of this disease in Latin-America due to the lack of knowledge on this condition in said region, and that genetic counseling in these patients is of great importance for the implications of the syndrome in future generations.
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Bobowik, Magdalena, Anna Wlodarczyk y Siu Lay-Lisboa. "Dark and Bright Side of Claiming Discrimination: Making Attributions to Prejudice and Social Wellbeing among Immigrants in Spain". Universitas Psychologica 16, n.º 5 (29 de enero de 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy16-5.dbsc.
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Research on the consequences of making attributions to prejudice for the psychological functioning of minority groups is still scare and rather inconsistent. In this study we set out to examine the consequences of making attributions to prejudice in response to social rejection for social wellbeing among immigrants in Spain. We tested this relationship and the mediating effects with representative samples of 1250 foreign-born immigrants who had lived for at least six months in the Basque Country, having been born in Bolivia, Colombia, Morocco, Romania, or Sub-Saharan African countries. The sample was drawn from public records and obtained through a probability sampling procedure by ethnicity with stratification by age and sex. We conducted mediation analyses using structural equation modeling (SEM) to verify whether the perceived ethnic discrimination effect on the five dimensions of social wellbeing was partially or completely explained by the attributions to prejudice. Our results indeed partially revealed that making attributions to prejudice protect social wellbeing form negative consequences of personal discrimination only the dimension of social contribution. In turn, attributions to prejudice explained the negative relationship between perceived discrimination and social acceptance and social actualization: that is, these dimensions of social wellbeing that reflect social trust. We discuss the results integrating social identity, social stigma, and positive psychology framework, through inclusion of societal aspects of wellbeing for measuring immigrants’ adaptation in the host society.
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Meyerson, Matthew L. "Abstract PL03-02: Somatic mutations, germline risk and ancestry in lung adenocarcinoma". Cancer Research 82, n.º 12_Supplement (15 de junio de 2022): PL03–02—PL03–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-pl03-02.
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Abstract Like most cancer types, lung cancer is caused predominantly by somatic genome alterations. In lung adenocarcinoma, the most common histological type of lung cancer, these alterations are known to occur in multiple pathways including the p53 pathway, the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway and PI3 kinase pathway, the Rb1/cell cycle pathway, the Swi/Snf pathway, the Myc pathway, and the telomerase pathway, among others. Genome-wide association studies comparing polymorphisms in germline DNA from patients with lung cancer and from unaffected control subjects have led to the identification of multiple germline risk alleles for lung adenocarcinoma, including the HLA locus, the telomerase catalytic subunit gene locus, and, notably, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor locus, where polymorphisms appear to modulate individual propensity for smoking. The components of inherited lung cancer risk, particularly in nonsmokers, are not fully understood, but there appear to be variations in lung adenocarcinoma mutations in distinct ancestry groups, which may be related to inherited factors. In particular, the frequency of somatic EGFR and KRAS mutations in lung cancer varies by ethnicity. Somatic EGFR mutation rates are higher in lung cancers from patients with East Asian ancestry and lower in lung cancers from patients with European or African ancestry. Somatic KRAS and STK11 mutation rates show the opposite pattern, higher in lung cancers from patients with European or African ancestry and lower in lung cancers from patients with East Asian ancestry. In patients from Latin America, somatic lung cancer EGFR mutation frequencies vary by country, with higher frequencies in Peru, intermediate frequencies in Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica and Brazil, and lower frequencies in Argentina. To explore the relationship between the somatic genome in lung cancer and ethnicity related germline risk, we performed cancer gene panel sequencing of DNA from over 1,000 lung cancers from Mexico and Colombia, countries with significant population admixture. We developed methods to infer ancestry from the tumor DNA sequence based on coverage of single nucleotide polymorphisms. This study revealed associations between ancestry and somatic lung cancer genomic alterations, including tumor mutational burden, and specific driver mutations in EGFR, KRAS, and STK11. A local ancestry score was more strongly correlated with EGFR mutation frequency compared with global ancestry correlation, suggesting that germline genetics, rather than environmental exposure, could underlie these disparities. Our study suggests that the variation in EGFR and KRAS somatic mutation frequency in lung cancer is associated with genetic ancestry in patients from Latin America, and suggests further studies to identify germline alleles that underpin this association. If we find a germline locus or loci that could impact the development of lung cancers with EGFR and/or KRAS mutation, this might help in improving lung cancer prevention and screening for populations of Latin American origin and others. Furthermore, multiple studies now highlight the importance of EGFR mutation screening and EGFR-directed targeted therapy for lung cancer patients in Latin America and with origins in Latin America. Citation Format: Matthew L. Meyerson. Somatic mutations, germline risk and ancestry in lung adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr PL03-02.