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1
Can, Levent. "Ethnic conflicts and governmental conflict management". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FCan%5FDA.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Peter Gustaitis. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-83). Also available in print.
2
Kovacic, Matija <1982>. "Ethnic distribution, effective power and ethnic conflict". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3015.
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This thesis is investigating both in theoretical and empirical terms the relationship
between the features of ethnic distribution and the probability of con ict. The thesis
is composed of four chapters. The rst chapter is the introduction to the thesis in
which I brie y summarize the main problems related to the existing literature on
ethnic diversity and con ict and I present an overview of the measures of ethnic
diversity commonly used in the literature.
In the second chapter I propose a theoretical model that speci es the potential
of con ict in a society as a function of the population distribution across ethnic
groups. I axiomatically derive a general parametric class of indices of con ict potential
that combines the groups' e ective power and the between-groups interaction. The
e ective power of a group is a function of a group's relative size but it also depends on
the relative sizes of all the other groups in the population. The interaction component,
on the other hand, is given by the probability of interaction between the members
of one group with those of other groups. I show that for certain parameter values
the index reduces to the existing indices of ethnic diversity, while in general the
indices combine in a non-linear way three di erent aspects of ethnic diversity, namely
the fractionalization, the polarization and the ethnic dominance. The results of the
model share some common features with the literature on con icts in contests and
the literature on voting power indices. In particular, the power component of the
extreme element of the class of indices is intuitively related to the de nition of voting
power in a simple majority game. In that particular case, the value of the e ective
power is given by the relative Penrose-Banzhaf index of voting power calculated over
the shares of populations associated to each ethnic group. In the third chapter I investigate empirically the role of ethnic diversity in the
explanation of the ethnic con ict outbreak. The empirical performance of the indices
of con ict potential developed in the second chapter is tested against the existing
distributional indices of ethnic diversity within the context of the commonly used
logistic model that focuses on the onset of ethnic con icts in a time range from 1946 to
2005. Together with the set of the explanatory variables for structural conditions and
country characteristics, I take advantage of the recent "Ethnic Power Relations" data
set which includes additional information on the political exclusion and competition
along ethnic lines and it o ers the best coding for ethnic wars. The results obtained
suggest that the indices of con ict potential outperform the existing indices of ethnic
diversity in the explanation of ethnic con ict onset. This evidence is robust to the
inclusion of a larger set of regressors, time and regional controls as well as to several
other estimation techniques.
The fourth chapter explores empirically the determinants of con ict duration with
a particular attention to the potential role of ethnic diversity together with ethnic
politics and competition dynamics. The rst part of the chapter presents an overview
of the existing literature on con ict duration, the main data cources and the related
econometric issues. The second part of the chapter consists in a non-parametric and
a parametric survival analysis of the duration of ethnic con ict where we address
in detail the issues of non-proportionality of the hazard function, the unmeasured
heterogeneity and the presence of "repeated events". The results suggest that there
is a statistically signi cant and robust association between ethnic distribution and
con ict duration, together with other commonly used explanatory variables in the
literature on con ict duration.
3
Roberson, Patrick B. "Understanding ethnic conflict : a framework /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA392962.
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Samuel, Thampapillai. "Ethnic Conflict: A Model of Concessions". Thesis, Discipline of Economics, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6441.
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The Coase Theorem suggests that the ability of completely informed agents to make transfers should generally avert conflict. This thesis considers a complete information model of ethnic conflict where the dominated group consists of heterogeneous agents, but the dominant group can only bargain with the dominated group as a whole. This broadly captures a political system with race-based parties and coalitions. Moreover in this thesis the dominant group can make credible ex-ante transfers to the dominated group outside a standard bargaining framework. Then conditions arise where conflict occurs.
5
Sukandar, Rudi. "NEGOTIATING POST-CONFLICT COMMUNICATION: A CASE OF ETHNIC CONFLICT IN INDONESIA". Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178895788.
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Biswas, Bidisha. "Managing discontent institutions, intervention and ethnic conflict /". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3382.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Government and Politics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
7
Brodie, Michael. "Reconciliation in ethnic conflict through identity transformation". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606263.
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This thesis utilises a socio-psychological approach to reconciliation to explore the process of reconciliation between groups divided by intractable ethnic conflict in the Mindanao-Sulu region of the Philippines. It suggests that, in order for reconciliation to advance, group identities, in the form of a specific configuration of societal beliefs held by ethnic groups in such situations, require transformation. Specifically, this study explores the reconciliation process in the absence of formal settlement, shedding light upon how reconciliation develops, the actors involved and the challenges faced in such circumstances. Through the case of Mindanao, this thesis analyses a stage and type of conflict which has hitherto been little studied in relation to reconciliation, and in a region (Southeast Asia) which has also been comparatively neglected. Using data acquired from fieldwork interviews conducted with key stakeholders in Mindanao, analysis of a wide range of documents and a content analysis of both the national and Mindanaobased print media, the extent of identity transformation in line with reconciliation in Filipino society, is explored. The role of societal elites and social institutions in reflecting, disseminating and appealing to conflict-supporting societal beliefs, as well as their role in progressing reconciliation, is assessed. Existing attempts to promote reconciliation initiatives are evaluated. This study argues that reconciliation initiatives undertaken at the pre-settlement stage can have significant influence on both individual and group identities. It also suggests that, whilst there has been substantial progress in transforming conflict-supporting societal beliefs and forging transcendent identities crucial to the process of reconciliation at a Mindanao level, this success has not been replicated to the same degree at the national level. These findings have significance for future policy relating to the conflict and for the theoretical literature on reconciliation. They support initiatives undertaken at the pre-settlement stage and suggest that reconciliation should be considered as consisting of multiple independent, yet intrinsically linked, processes which advance at differing tempos across various levels of society and between stake holders.
8
Manoharan, Argumugam Kandiah. "Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka 1948-1998". Thesis, London South Bank University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434571.
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Gross, de Almeida Daniela. "The Darfur conflict : beyond ethnic hatred explanations". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2185.
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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.Sudan is a country that has been affected by a history of multiple destructive civil wars. Conflicts that, in a global perspective, have proven to be as devastating as interstate wars, or on occasion even more destructive, in terms of the numbers of casualties, refugee figures and the effects on a country’s society. The conflict in Darfur, in the western region of Sudan, is a civil war that illustrates one of the direst scenarios. In around five years of warfare, more than 200,000 people have died in the conflict, and around two million Darfurians were displaced, creating what the UN calls the “world’s worst humanitarian crisis.” The civil war was initiated by the attacks of two rebel groups, the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and the Justice and Equality Movement, against government installations. Although presenting insurgency characteristics, the civil war in Darfur has been commonly labelled as a “tribal” conflict of “Africans” versus “Arabs”. An explanation that seems to fail to clarify the complex circumstances belying the situation. As seen in this study, although identity factors played their role as a cause of the conflict, the ‘ethnic hatred’ justification of war doesn’t seem to be sufficient to explain the present situation. Darfur appears to be a clear example that there is no single factor that can explain such a war. In the case of Darfur, various factors seem to have interplayed in creating the necessary conditions for the eruption of violence. This study focused on two of these factors – the environmental hazards that have been affecting the region, and the government’s use of the Janjaweed militia in its counterinsurgency movement. Both, and in different ways, seem to have contributed to dividing the Darfurian society between two poles, thus worsening the circumstances in the region and helping generate the high levels of violence that characterise the Darfur conflict. Most important, in analysing the conflict of Darfur with a point of view that goes beyond the “ethnic hatred” explanation, it seems possible to identify issues, such as land ownership, that are in vital need of being addressed in order to achieve peace in 4 the region. As seen in this thesis, it seems that it is only through a broad understanding of the complex causes of the conflict that peace negotiations might have any hope of success. While those continue to be ignored, any peace agreements or prospects of finding a solution to the conflict will be unrealistic.
10
Pavloudis, Christos. "Nationalism and ethnic conflict in southern Balkans". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FPavloudis.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs and M.A. in International Security and Civil Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002.Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Thomas Bruneau. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-97). Also available online.
11
Holloway, Troy. "Ethnic Groups and Institutions: Can Autonomy and Party Bans Reduce Ethnic Conflict?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707380/.
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Can institutions successfully reduce ethnic conflict? Institutions such as autonomy and federalism are often advocated as a means to prevent ethnic conflict, however empirical evidence is largely mixed with regards to their effectiveness. In a similar manner, political parties have begun to receive more scholarly attention in determining their relationship with ethnic conflict, but their evidence is also mixed. In this research I examine autonomy, federalism, and the banning of political parties within ongoing ethnic group self-determination movements. While I do not find evidence for a relationship between autonomy and conflict, I do find that federalism increases the likelihood of ethnic conflict. Additionally, the banning of ethnic political parties indicates a strong increase the likelihood of ethnic conflict, while the banning of regional political parties significantly reduces the likelihood of ethnic conflict.
12
Stewart, Brandon. "Crossing Over: Essays on Ethnic Parties, Electoral Politics, and Ethnic Social Conflict". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011838/.
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This dissertation analyzes several topics related to political life in ethnically divided societies. In chapter 2, I study the relationship between ethnic social conflict, such as protests, riots, and armed inter-ethnic violence, and bloc partisan identification. I find that protests have no effect on bloc support for political parties, riots increase bloc partisan identification, and that armed violence reduces this phenomenon. In chapter 3, I analyze the factors that influence the targeting of ethnic groups by ethnic parties in social conflict. I find some empirical evidence that conditions favorable to vote pooling across ethnic lines reduce group targeting by ethnic parties. In chapter 4, I analyze the effects of ethnic demography on ethnic party behavior. Through a qualitative analysis of party behavior in local elections in Macedonia, I find that ethnic parties change their strategies in response to changes in ethnic demography. I find that co-ethnic parties are less likely to challenge each other for power under conditions of split demography. In fact, under conditions of split demography, I find that co-ethnic parties have political incentives to unite behind a single party because intra-group competition jeopardizes the group's hold on power.
13
Popova, Zora. "The role of social capital for post-ethnic-conflict reconstruction". Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521563.
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Examining the phenomenon of post-conflict reconstruction, the research challenges the appropriateness of the uniform application of general policies and practices to any particular environment. As a context- and conflict-dependant practice, a post-conflict reconstruction that aims at achieving lasting peace and sustainable development should address specific needs through relevant mechanisms. This is especially relevant for post-ethnic-conflict cases. The thesis argues that post-conflict reconstruction after an ethnic conflict should address as a matter of priority the problems related to the recovery or construction of societal micro-frameworks with respect to the macro-unit in focus. Based on the explored concepts of social capital, a model outlining its specific fragmentation after an ethnic conflict is elaborated and the research discusses the mechanisms that have the potential to contribute to the achievement of planned and desired reconstruction outcomes and levels of success. To test the theory against empirical findings, the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina is examined, as it provides good examples for the negative impact of ethnic conflict on macro and micro socio-political levels and for the discrepancies between expected and achieved results. The reconstruction practice in Bosnia and Herzegovina is considered in the context of policies and programmes designed and implemented by representatives of the international and local community, with a focus on the efforts directed towards social capital rebuilding.
14
Morrison, Lisa Marie. "The relationship between ethnic rebellion and democratization". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5num=osu1063748963.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 160 p. : ill. Advisor: Edward Crenshaw, Department of Sociology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-160).
15
Siddiq, Irfan. "Ethnic Conflict in Indonesia : causes and recommended measures /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Dec%5FSiddiq.pdf.
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Dimitrijevics, Anna. "Why ethnic conflict erupts: A group -oriented approach". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491555.
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The literature is characterised by two main types of approach to tthe question of hy ethnic conflict erupts; one emphasising rationality, instrumentality and interests, and the other tocussing on non-rationality, affectivity and identity. While it is increasingly recognised that both positions capture important elements of the truth, they are also generally perceived to be in opposition to each other. This thesis develops an approach that allows for integrating the best insights from both positions in a single coherent framework.
17
Laoye, Oluwagbemiso. "The Relationship between Judicial Independence and Ethnic Conflict". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984193/.
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The relationship between judicial independence and the levels of ethnic conflicts in developing countries has remained a significant research area due to increased cases of the conflicts with lack of judicial independence in the countries. Judicial independence is seen as an essential element of democracy in that an independent judiciary can act as an arbiter between different groups and institutions. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between judicial independence and ethnic conflicts empirically. Greater judicial independence should be associated with less ethnic conflict, because an independent court can serve as an arbiter for disputants, and thus lessen the likelihood of conflict. The study involved 128 developing countries over a 30-year period from 1981 to 2010 using secondary data sources and employing statistical methods to test the relationship between judicial independence and the levels of ethnic conflicts. Findings indicate that judicial independence has a statistically significant negative association with the levels of ethnic conflict. Therefore, this study recommends that the governments of developing countries should promote judicial independence as part of solutions for ethnic conflicts .
18
Tranchant, Jean-Pierre. "Essays on Fiscal Decentralization, Institutions and Ethnic Conflict". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/55/43/85/PDF/These_J-P_TRANCHANT.pdf.
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Betz, Jeffrey D. "An institutional assessment of ethnic conflict in China". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FBertz.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Far East, Southeast Asia, Pacific))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Piombo, Jessica ; Miller, Alice L. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-90). Also available in print.
20
Sriskandarajah, Dhananjayan. "Development, inequality and conflict in multi-ethnic developing countries". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424687.
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Caspersen, Nina Fallentin. "Intra-ethnic competition and inter-ethnic conflict : Serb elites in Croatia and Bosnia, 1990-1995". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1907/.
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During the conflict and war in Croatia and Bosnia, Serb leaders frequently emphasised the need for unity; the need for homogeneity in the face of impending challenges. However, disunity and rivalry prevailed among the Serb leaders and only became more acute as the conflict intensified. This intra-Serb competition has received little attention in the literature on the Yugoslav conflict and competition within groups is furthermore under-analysed in the theoretical literature on ethnic conflicts. But intra-ethnic competition significantly affects the positions adopted by ethnic leaders and parties, and an examination of these dynamics is therefore important for the study of ethnic conflicts and wars. Through an in-depth analysis of intra-Serb elite rivalry in Croatia and Bosnia, this thesis explores the impact of intra-ethnic competition. It argues that intra-Serb competition constituted a significant independent dynamic in the Yugoslav conflict and without it one cannot fully understand the escalation of the conflict, the outbreak of war and the continuous rejection of peace settlements. The Serbian regime played a significant role through the supply of resources, but the thesis will find that Slobodan Milosevi? was not always able to control the local Serb leaders. The victory of hardliners was the prevalent, but not the only, dynamic in the intra-Serb competition. Hardline dominance was generally contingent on the control of economic and coercive resources, and not based on appeals to popular sentiments; it was not about elites successfully 'playing the ethnic card'. Based on these findings a preliminary theory of the impact of intra-ethnic competition in inter-ethnic conflict will be suggested. As a corrective to existing theorising, it will argue that intra-ethnic competition does not necessarily lead to radicalisation, not even in a situation of war and polarisation. Popular support is, moreover, not the only resource of importance for the competing elites and radicalisation need not be driven by popular demands.
22
Ravindran, Rajan. "Religious desecration and ethnic violence". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FRavindran.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Anna Simons. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-66). Also available in print.
23
Bakkan, Hilde Anderssen. "Unpacking Ethnicity and Civil Conflict : Exploring which Underlying Mechanism Links Ethnic Fractionalization and Civil Conflict". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21929.
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McCallister, Gerald L. Jr. "Ethnic Similarity and Rivalry Relations". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700063/.
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Research on ethnicity and conflict treats the concept of ethnicity as defining the actors in these conflicts, whereas research on the construction and maintenance of ethnic identity explores why ethnicity unifies individuals into a single social group. What happens when this unifying concept is divided between two enemy countries? How does this situation influence peace settlements over territorial issues, armed conflict, and economic relations between these countries? To answer these questions, I create a continuous measure of ethnic similarity between rivals. I find that ethnic similarity can facilitate cooperation and exacerbate conflictual interactions between rivals, but governments will seek to limit interactions with their rival when the cross border ethnic groups are minorities. In addition, I create categorical predictors of ethnic similarity, which reveal nuances in these relationships. Specifically, rivalries sharing a pan-ethnic identity are more likely to engage in conflict regardless of actual ethnic similarity, and dyads with a majority in one country sharing ethnicity with a minority in another country are less likely to fight once in a state of rivalry. This is because a quid pro quo exists between these rivals where one rival can reduce oppression of the minority in exchange for the other rival not supporting secessions by their co-ethnics. These pairs of rivals also are more likely to attempt peace settlements. Contested nations, which are rivalry-dyads with similar ethnic majorities, are both the most likely of the ethnically similar rival categories to engage in militarized interstate disputes, but also engage in larger amounts of interstate trade.
25
Smith, Michelle C. "The ICRC and neutrality in modern civil and ethnic conflict". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0008/MQ52483.pdf.
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Vlachos, Ioannis. "The 1974 crisis over Cyprus : foreign will or ethnic conflict?" Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Jun%5FVlachos.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Jeffrey Knopf. "June 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-108). Also available in print.
27
Miller, Sara Ann. "Ethnic Conflict, Electoral Systems, and Power Sharing in Divided Societies". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/7.
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This paper investigates the relationship between ethnic conflict, electoral systems, and power sharing in ethnically divided societies. The cases of Guyana, Fiji, Sri Lanka, Lebanon, Mauritius, and Trinidad and Tobago are considered. Electoral systems are denoted based on presidential versus parliamentary system, and on proportional representation versus majoritarian/plurality. The paper concludes that, while electoral systems are important, other factors like the power distribution between ethnic groups, and ensuring a non-zero-sum game may be as important.
28
Kotsovilis, Spyridon Demetrius. "Identity and ethnic conflict : their social-psychological and cognitive dimensions". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33294.
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This thesis looks into the role of identity in ethnic conflict from social-psychological and cognitive perspectives.The literature of Social Psychology suggests that one strategy of social groups under pressure or threat is to revert to their collective identity and manipulate it in ways that yield a distinct positive value for group members. Focusing on the main proponent of this view, Social Identity Theory, and transposing its premises onto an ethnic level, an Ethnic Identity Theory is proposed that explains ethnic identity's utility for the positive self-esteem of members of an ethnic group during a time of crisis.
As far as the cognitive aspect is concerned, the focus moves on to the individual level of analysis. It explores the issue of how information may be represented in the human brain, and proposes that it is due to particular 'exclusive' cognitive strategies of knowledge categorization, storing and re-processing that ethnic conflict is enhanced. Borrowing from Artificial Intelligence literature on Schemata and Frame theory, ethnic identity is treated as a frame with multiple slots for various traits that comprise an ethnic identity. Such modeling helps illustrate how properties related to the architecture of these mental structures result in the constructed ethnic identities becoming more rigid---their individual traits acquiring singular importance and, once challenged, affecting the whole identity.
This study concludes by pointing that, if intransigence and inflexibility concerning ethnic identity traits begins on a cognitive micro-level, then, little progress towards peace should be expected in on-going ethnic conflicts, unless cognitively unbiased third parties are involved in peace-making, and unless their involvement includes action on a cognitive-learning level to change convictions about warring groups members' perception of their own as well as others' ethnic identities.
29
Burlet, Stacey D. "Challenging Ethnic conflict: Hindu-Muslim relations in India 1977-1993". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496395.
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Harmon, Gail. "War in the Former Yugoslavia: Ethnic Conflict or Power Politics?" Thesis, Boston College, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/587.
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Thesis advisor: Kathleen BaileyAlthough the Croatian and Bosnian wars of the early 1990s were brought to a peaceful conclusion over ten years ago, they remain pertinent events today both for the study of political science and future attempts at global conflict resolution. While they are often characterized as ethnic conflicts, this study poses the question of whether a conflict can ever truly be ethnic in the sense that the sole motivation for violence is ethnic hatred rather than strategic considerations. This question brings the motivations for violence in the Yugoslav case into question. This project explores relevant literature on contemporary theories of ethnic conflict and surveys events in the region from the arrival of the Slavic people to the Balkans in the sixth century to occurrences as recent as 2006. The conflicts are viewed in terms of more general views about conflict prevention and resolution as well as being more specifically applied to the current conflict in Iraq
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
Discipline: College Honors Program
31
Avtzaki, Nickolaou Maria. "Education and ethnic conflict resolution : bicommunal academic links in Cyprus". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12913/.
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Many contributors to the interdisciplinary field of conflict resolution have emphasised the impact of socio-psychological and psycho-cultural influences in maintaining and perpetuating ethnic conflicts. The review of the literature concerning Cyprus reveals that such factors have been active in the 37 years of ethnic separation between the Greek-Cypriot and the Turkish-Cypriot communities. Although strategies are available to bridge communities and offer prospects for a reconciliation and peace centre on facilitating interaction, contact and dialogue between communities at all levels, it is surprising how little has taken place between the two academic communities on the island. This is in contrast to the picture found in similar conflict cases, such as the ones in Northern Ireland and Israel-Palestine. Despite some notable efforts and collaborations currently in place, the numbers involved constitute a very small fraction of the two academic bodies. The research has aimed at establishing the role of higher education in divided societies, not only by examining theoretically and philosophically its importance as a part of a reconciliation process but also by depicting the opinion of academics from both parts of Cyprus. The research has shown that although they are optimistic about future links, they nevertheless identified major implications stemming out of the issues of ‘recognition’, nationalism, social pressure, the impact of media and the characteristics of the academic cultures in each respective community. These explain the contrast between much good-will and little real action. The analysis of findings includes a discussion of possible strategies to establish an open dialogue between the two academic communities and to facilitate collaborations.
32
Nelson, Tusiime. "The Complexity of Ethnic Conflict - Hema and Lendu Case study". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23293.
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Maguire, Keith. "Ethnic conflict and political violence : a theoretical and comparative analysis". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU060518.
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The subject of this thesis is the relationship between ethnic conflict and political violence. The thesis examines the types of political violence that are most prevalent in liberal-democratic states, using case studies from the conflicts in Northern Ireland since 1968, the Basque country since 1952 and the United States in the post-1945 period. It is argued that it is in what will be described as secessionist conflicts that political violence is likely to be at its worst. It will be argued that a number of factors are present, where campaigns of terrorism have been most intense and have seen the highest level of fatalities. In the cases, where terrorist groups have become enduring in their communities, it is likely that they will provide a range of goods and services to their communities. It will also be argued that participation in the labour market is also an important determinant as to whether or not a community will be prepared to give support to terrorist groups. It will be argued that many ethnic conflicts have been made more intractable because policy-makers have diagnosed the problem in an unsatisfactory fashion. Evidence will be cited to argue that ethnic-specific policies have focused on the symptoms of problems while failing to deal with their root causes. Instead of ethnic-specific policies, it will be argued that labour-market policies are the key to reducing ethnic conflicts. Therefore the strategy of conflict resolution in this thesis is based on a mixture of both micro and macro level policies. At one level, policies will be needed to disrupt the groups involved in carrying out acts of violence, while at the same time policies are also designed by government to make the political and economic environment less hospitable for groups, espousing strategies based on the use of sub-state violence.
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Nag, Sajal. "Roots of ethnic conflict : nationality question in North-East India /". New Delhi : Manohar, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37704876z.
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Downman, Scott Andrew. "Intra-Ethnic Conflict and the Hmong in Australia and Thailand". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365183.
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Ethnic issues continue to attract increasing global attention. With more than 30 ethnic-related conflicts currently raging across the world the dual issues of ethnicity and conflict are perhaps more important than ever before. Many aspects of this highly complex field of study are yet to be thoroughly researched. The reasons for this are varied but two of the most important reasons relate to the complexity of ethnic studies and also the fact that ethnicity is a relatively recent addition to not only the global lexicon but also to academic programs around the world. This thesis examines one of the relatively unexplored areas within the field of ethnic studies. This thesis investigates the issue of intra-ethnic conflict or an ethnic community in conflict with itself. It explores this issue by using the Hmong as a case study in two different contexts - Australia and Thailand. It looks at the causes and impacts of intra-ethnic conflict within these different contexts and discusses the impacts of social and religious change in Hmong communities by looking at a range of issues related to inter-ethnic relations, modernization and globalization. The paper will argue four main hypotheses: 1. Inter-ethnic conflict, modernization and globalization are the sources of intra-ethnic conflict in Hmong communities in Australia and Thailand. 2. Intra-ethnic conflict occurs when elements of Hmong ethnicity are replaced, changed or destroyed as a result of inter-ethnic relations with a dominant ethnic group or community. 3. Intra-ethnic conflict leads to further marginalization within Hmong communities effecting rituals, religion and the social structure. 4. Ethnicity is not a birthright for the Hmong and is often revoked as a consequence of ethnic change - namely changes to religion and change that brings about challenges to traditional leadership and social structures. In order to argue these hypotheses the thesis is divided into two parts. The first seeks to define key terms relevant to this type of research. These include terms such as ethnicity, modernization and globalization. Other terms such as dominance and conflict will also be examined in the context of this research. In addition, Part 1 of the thesis will also seek to define the highly contentious issue of Hmongness. To do this, the Hmong will be contextualized in terms of their place in diaspora communities such as Australia and in more traditional settings such as Thailand. This attempt to define Hmongness seeks to highlight the different perceptions of Hmong ethnicity by conflicting parties within Hmong communities. It will compare traditional notions of Hmongness with contemporary notions of Hmongness in diaspora and modernizing Hmong communities. The terms inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic conflict will be defined with regard to the Hmong. Part 2 of the thesis seeks to further contextualize the Hmong in terms of their arrival and current lifestyle in Thailand and Australia. Part 2 not only provides historical background but also individual case studies which demonstrate how the processes of inter-ethnic conflict, modernization and globalization work together to create an environment of intra-ethnic conflict. Part 2 also investigates the fruits of conflict in both an Australian and Thai context. Two main issues will be examined to demonstrate the existence of intra-ethnic conflict. They are: 1. The role and impact of Christian conversion and its influence in sparking intra-ethnic conflict. 2. The impacts of ethnic change on maintaining traditional languages, leadership and social structure. The thesis argues that conversion to Christianity provides a fertile environment for intra-ethnic conflict. It also argues that social and ethnic change brought about by globalization, modernization and inter-ethnic conflict contribute to this internal conflict. The research in this thesis has been collected following extensive research within Hmong communities in Australia and Thailand between April 2001 and April 2004. In Australia this research has centred on Australia's largest Hmong community in North Queensland which is home to some 1,000 Hmong. In Thailand this research includes more than 12 months of research in Hmong villages in four provinces including Tak, Chiang Mai, Nan and Phetchabun. In both Australia and Thailand the Hmong communities were selected on the basis that they contained members who were upholding traditional beliefs alongside those who had adopted change, for example, converting to Christianity. The research in this thesis has been conducted using several different research methodologies including interviews, itinerant ethnography, participant observation, the use of qualitative data and extensive research of scholarly work produced by ethnic Hmong.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Gustafsson, Jenny. "The Role of the United Nations in Preventing Violent Ethnic Conflicts". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21617.
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The aim of the following study was to create a limited framework, based on normative and constructive reflections, of how the UN can work to prevent violent ethnic conflicts. The study was divided into two phases. The first phase originated from Joseph S. Nye’s analytical framework and gave an overview of the theories available on the causes of ethnic conflicts. From these theories three major problems were drawn; poverty, structural inequalities and society in transition. The second phase of the study had a normative and constructive approach, using two overlapping circles of theories. The normative chapter discussed how conflict prevention ought to be in the best of worlds and which moral position the UN should have. The constructive chapter discussed which means and limitations the UN faces considering conflict prevention and how the UN can work to address the major problems outlined in the first phase. The conclusion drawn from the analysis was that the UN has the knowledge, experience and operational capacity to address these issues, but that several problems concerning the UN system and the member states of the UN makes it difficult for the organization to effectively use the potential it has to prevent violent ethnic conflicts.
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Johnstone, Julia. "Consequences of Ethnic Conflict: Explaining Refugee Movements in the Southeast Asia/Pacific Region". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/892.
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Ethnic conflict is the most common type of internal armed conflict in the world. It often involves systematic attacks on civilian populations and is therefore also the major source of most of the world's 9.2 million external refugees and 25 million internal refugees. In 2003, Asia-Pacific was the region second most affected by conflict-induced displacement and in 2004 it had the second largest global number of internal refugees following Africa. Given the likelihood that this trend will continue, it is perhaps surprising that a relative lack of research has been conducted concerning the relationship between ethnic conflict and refugee movements within this region compared to other areas. It is therefore imperative that a comprehensive study be undertaken to fill this void of knowledge. The fundamental question posed by my thesis is why do some ethnic conflicts produce external refugees and others do not in the Southeast Asia/Pacific region? To answer this question, this thesis develops a theoretical model from which to analyse variations in both external and internal refugee numbers as a result of ethnic conflict in the region. It applies the model to specific ethnic conflicts in Fiji, Indonesia, the Philippines, and the Solomon Islands during the period 1995 2005 and identifies a common set of factors conducive to creating internal and external refugees. The findings emphasise the interlinked nature of the variables and demonstrate that no single-factor explanation exists that can explain how refugees are created.
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DeVotta, Neil. "From linguistic nationalism to ethnic conflict Sri Lanka in comparative perspective /". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3031040.
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Yone, Nang. "The Religionization of Ethnic Conflict: A Comparative Analysis of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict and the Rohingya Crisis". Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108796.
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Thesis advisor: Ali BanuaziziThe resurgence of religious violence in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries has led to a growing academic interest in the religionization of politics. Weary of the failures of secular nationalism in ensuring national security and protecting the right to self-determination, many communities have turned to religious nationalism to meet these political needs. As a result, some religious nationalist movements and organizations have resorted to violence in promoting their political agendas. This thesis conducts a comparative analysis of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar in order to investigate the relationship between religion and violence and how this relationship contributes to the intractability of ethnic conflict. Key findings include symbiotic relationships between religious nationalist organizations and civil society, as well as latent processes of religious “Othering.” Implications for future peace-building efforts are explored, with a key focus on interfaith dialogue and grassroots activism
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Arts & Sciences Honors Program
Discipline: Policital Science
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Mitchell, Shenequa L. "Unresolved ethnic conflict and religious revival in Russia the Chechen element". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FMitchell.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Abenheim, Donald. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 23, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-68). Also available in print.
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O'Sullivan, Meghan. "Identity and institutions in ethnic conflict : the Muslims of Sri Lanka". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326963.
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Cockell, John G. "Managing Self Determination in Ethnic Conflict : International Society and Kosovo Crisis". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498139.
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Byman, Daniel Leo. "Preventing the recurrence of ethnic conflict : lessons from the Middle East". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10387.
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Datoo, Aqeela Amirali. "Coping with 'ethnic' conflict : an analysis of teacher responses in Kenya". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5cf25015-baea-4dc2-abdf-5f6d37d2eec2.
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During post-conflict reconstruction, various roles are bestowed on teachers to manage the effects of violence such as peace educator, conflict resolution expert, counsellor and so on. However, there are no empirical studies that examine what teachers actually do when faced with the challenges of post-conflict schooling. More importantly, most policies often neglect the fact that teachers are not necessarily neutral in conflict. Whilst being professionals, many are also political and social beings that come from the community they serve. Surely the tension between their personal beliefs and professional practice has some impact on how teachers deal with the effects of conflict. This research investigates how teachers, who maintain a reflexive relationship with their community, feel about transforming their role to manage the effects of ethnic conflict. The case of Kenya offers a suitable context in which to research this particular phenomenon because of its continuous association with conflict, consequent corrosion in ethnic relations, and increasing ethnic segregation in education systems. Employing a case study strategy, data was collected using semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The sample size consisted of twenty head teachers and seventy teachers and counsellors from government secondary schools in Nakuru and Kericho. Analysis of the data suggests that ethnic tensions have seeped into schools affecting not only peer relationships but also teacher-student interactions. These tensions and fears continue to impair teachers from actively participating in schools and assuming the role of managing the effects of the conflict. Aside from this, various other factors in their classroots realities shape the manner in which they deal with the effects of the conflict. Some of these factors include external support, professional capacity, their purpose and motivation as well as the school culture. This research concludes that teachers require adequate support and guidance from their head teacher in order to conceptualise their role in relation to managing the effects of violence. While the focus of external institutions is on relaying concepts of ‘peace’ and ‘conflict resolution’ to the students, there is merit in taking a more gradual approach and equipping teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge to teach these concepts. Moreover, teachers too require space to confront their own biases and prejudices towards other groups in order to assume these new roles. Finally, the creation of support networks is essential during post-conflict reconstruction as it ensures that teachers and students are provided with the necessary guidance, knowledge, and assistance in the absence of support from the state.
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Bush, Kenneth David Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Negotiating ethnic conflict: the Indo-Sri Lanka Agreement of July 1987". Ottawa, 1989.
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Ahmed, Ahseea. "Contesting discourse: can deliberative democracy mitigate protracted ethnic conflict in Israel? /". Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2296.
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Vaschenko, Vitalii. "Analysis of the modern inter-ethnic conflict : case study of Kosovo /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FVaschenko.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil Military Relations))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-67). Also available online.
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Miller, Alisa. "Ethnic identity, intergenerational conflict and mental health in Somali refugee adolescents". Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12820.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
PLEASE NOTE ALSO: pages 103-105 of this dissertation contain material that is copyright UCLA (UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM IV). We present here a redacted version of the dissertation. An unredacted version can be obtained by members of the BU community by emailing open-help@bu.edu.It is well documented that refugee youth resettling in the United States (U.S.) have high rates of mental health problems, and it is important to gain a better understanding of the risk and protective factors that contribute to these difficulties, including cultural identity and intergenerational conflict. The present study focused on refugee adolescents from Somalia who have resettled in the U.S. and sought to investigate how symptoms of depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are predicted by 1) cultural identity (ethnic identity and biculturalism); (2) two types of intergenerational conflict (developmental and acculturative); and (3) the interaction of ethnic identity with intergenerational conflict. Seventy-eight Somali adolescents (ages 12-19), 39 males and 39 females, participated in this cross-sectional study. Each participant completed a standardized semistructured interview comprised of questionnaires about trauma exposure, ethnic identity, biculturalism, intergenerational conflict, and cutTent mental health symptoms. All interviews were conducted in English in collaboration with a cultural broker who was available for translation or concept clarification when necessary. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined both main and interaction effects of predictor variables (ethnic identity, biculturalism and severity of intergenerational conflict) with outcome variables (symptoms of depression and PTSD). Covariates included age and years resettled in the U.S., and trauma exposure when relevant. Exploratory analyses examined how these relationships differed by gender and sub-ethnicities (Somali and Somali Bantu). As hypothesized, higher levels of ethnic identity related significantly, whereas higher levels of biculturalism related marginally to lower levels of depression. Contrary to prediction, no relationships were found between ethnic identity or biculturalism and symptoms of PTSD. Also as predicted, a significant positive relationship was found between severity of intergenerational conflict and symptoms of depression and PTSD. Ethnic identity was found to moderate the relationship between severity of intergenerational conflict and depression for females and Somalis, such that for both, severity of intergenerational conflict had less impact on symptoms of depression when participants demonstrated medium and high levels of ethnic identity than when they demonstrated low levels of ethnic identity. Clinical implications of the findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Okinedo, Omovutotu Emmanuel y Tania Mwiza. "Impacts of colonialism in Africa: A case study of Ethnic Identity and Ethnic Conflicts in Burundi". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21542.
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This thesis describes the perceptions of the Hutu/Tutsi communities in Bujumbura on the origin of ethnic conflicts in Burundi. With the use of a qualitative research method, this thesis describes the history and origin of ethnicity and ethnic identity between the Hutu and the Tutsi. Focusing on the case study approach, both secondary and primary research methods are used in the process of data sources with emphasis on the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial eras of the country. The thesis findings show that ethnicity in Burundi has changed over the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial eras. The ethnic structures in Burundi changed from that of togetherness in the pre-colonial period to that of hatred in both the colonial and post-colonial eras. The way forward for Burundi is to change the governance structures in the country so as to dismantle the colonial structures and shift back to the traditional pre-colonial structures.
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Kray, Karen P. "Operasi lilian dan kepupat conflict prevention in North Sulawesi, Indonesia /". Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1149887464.
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