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Gerzher-Alemayo, Selam. "“Development from Abroad:” Ethiopian Migrants and Community-level Educational Development in Ethiopia". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1273168978.
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Spriggs, J. Wayne. "Evaluating a spiritual formation curriculum for Ethiopian evangelical church leaders". Thesis, Nyack College, Alliance Theological Seminary, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3629075.
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The purpose for writing Evaluating a Spiritual Formation Curriculum for Ethiopian Evangelical Church Leaders is to explore the impact of the Sendafa spiritual formation seminar on the spiritual health of Ethiopian evangelical church leaders and assess the reproducibility of the principles.
This research is based on the theological framework that disciples of Jesus Christ are spiritually formed through knowing and abiding in Him, which was supported by the literature.
The research employed a mixed methodology that utilized a quantitative/qualitative instrument and follow-up interviews to verify the hypotheses of the study.
Results from the Spiritual Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) and the Spiritual Development Interviews (SDI) verified the study's two hypotheses. The results demonstrated improvement in the spiritual health of the participants in the sample pool of Ethiopian evangelical church leaders and evidence of either implementing the Sendafa formation principles in others or reproducing the Sendafa formation curriculum for others.
Further study should include equipping for life change, the practice of mentoring, and leadership development. It is recommended that future efforts be developed by nationals with only assistance from outsiders. Additionally, the production of a booklet covering the Sendafa formation principles is recommended for distribution among the churches of Ethiopia.
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Emirru, Tesfa Bihonegn. "Multinational Federalism and secessionism in Ethiopia". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2298.
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After a protracted civil war that ended in a regime change in 1991, the state of Ethiopia adopted multinational federalism as a means of managing its ethno-linguistic diversity. The federalization process which had begun following the military triumph of the EPRDF in May 1991 culminated with the inauguration of the country as the “Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia” in August 1995. Consequently, Ethiopia has become a multinational federation (or “ethnic federalism” as it is usually referred to) comprised of nine regional states and two autonomous city-administrations. Under the new federal order, constituent groups are made to exercise different forms of self-rule in territories they are concentrated. In doing so, the state of Ethiopia has introduced a new approach to the ubiquitous problem of ethnicity in Africa. Despite the prevalence of the problem of ethnicity in the continent, often in its violent form, no other African state has dared to approach the “ethnic challenge” as boldly and squarely as the state of Ethiopia has done under the leadership of the EPRDF. In fact, Ethiopia is currently the only multinational federation in the African continent.
However, the new federal order in Ethiopia has been criticized for increasing authoritarianism. Thus, despite a constitutional guarantee of groups not only to self-determination but also to secession, the actual practice of federalism in Ethiopia has been hampered by the hegemony of the ruling coalition both at federal and regional governments. On the contrary, “ethnic federalism” is criticized for emphasizing ethnic differences and putting the survival and territorial integrity of the country apprehensively in danger. On the other hand, after two decades of authoritarian federalism, the Ethiopian federation is currently undergoing a series of unprecedented political reforms. The reforms were preceded or rather caused by mass anti-government protests that have lasted for almost two years between 2015 and 2017, and engulfed the two most populous regions in the federation ─ Oromia and Amhara regions. On 15 February 2018, Prime Minister Haile-Mariam Desalegn resigned and on 2 April a new prime minister, Abiy Ahmed, was elected. Under Prime Minster Abiy Ahmed, the Ethiopian federation is undergoing a series of political reforms and democratic undertakings. At the same time, however, the Ethiopian federation is also in the midst of a political crisis as a result of, for instance, renewed ethnic and regional conflicts, increasing displacement of people, and internal dispute within the ruling coalition.
This research examines multinational federalism and secessionism in two of the nine member states in the Ethiopian federation ─ Oromia and Somali regions. It investigates (1) the features and limitations of the actual exercise of federal autonomy in Oromia and Somali regions under an authoritarian political system (1995-2015); (2) the trajectories of the OLF and ONLF armed movements for the secession of respectively Oromia and Somali regions following the introduction of multinational federalism (1995-2015); and (3) the mass antigovernment protests that have disrupted the Ethiopian federation between 2015 and 2017 and subsequent developments relevant to issues of federalism and secessionism in Oromia and Somali regions. The study was first designed to be based on both documentary sources and interviews. However, the outbreak of protests and the states of emergency subsequently declared in the country have made the collection of data through interviews difficult and risky as well. Consequently, the plan to conduct interviews with government officials, opposition leaders and members of civil society organizations in Oromia and Somali regions is dropped. Thus, the data used in the study are entirely derived from different documentary sources.
The study uncovers that the exercise of federal autonomy in Oromia and Somali regions, which are associated with active secessionist movements, shared remarkable similarities including frequent changes in regional governments, widespread human rights violations, and resentments over limited influences at the federal government. On the other hand, the study identifies a crisis of legitimacy as the major factor behind the limitations of multinational federalism in successfully addressing Oromo nationalism in Ethiopia. Doing so, the study explains the problems of legitimacy which the OPDO, the Oromo wing of the ruling coalition, and the federal order have encountered in Oromia. As far as the Somali region is concerned, the study discusses how the exercise of federal autonomy has been hampered by internal conflicts within the Somali society, and the need for the ruling coalition to have an allied, subordinate party capable of governing the region. In addition, the study demonstrates how internal power struggle and ongoing insurgency by the ONLF have led to widespread federal intervention in Somali regional politics, particularly through the agency of the Ministry of Federal Affairs and the federal army.
As far as secessionist movements in Oromia and Somali regions are concerned, the study shows that it is only the ONLF which was able to pose serious military challenges to the Ethiopian government. The OLF, despite its popularity particularly among the intelligentsia and the diaspora, has never posed significant military threats. In this regard, the study shows the role which regional politics has played in the military decline of the ONLF (since 2010) and the ever-present military weakness of the OLF. Though the introduction of multinational federalism in Ethiopia has little to do with the military decline or weakness of secessionist movements, the study shows that the provision of constitutional autonomy to the Oromo and the Somali has contributed towards the political decline of both the OLF and the ONLF. Lastly, the study shows the recent convergence of mass anti-government protests in Oromia and Amhara regions with internal friction among member parties of the ruling coalition and the subsequent rise to power of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in April 2018, which has led to the return of both the OLF and the ONLF to pursue peaceful political struggle in the country.
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Gibson, Mhairi Alexandra. "Development and demographic change : the reproductive ecology of a rural Ethiopian population". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272320.
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Kazickas, Annalina. "Competition and cooperation on the Nile River: a contemporary analysis of Ethiopian - Egyptian relations". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23756.
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In the past decade, Ethiopia has seen unprecedented economic growth as a result of its efforts to eradicate poverty through sustainable development. Ethiopia's recent construction of the 6,000 MW Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam along the Blue Nile, a major tributary to the transboundary Nile River, supports these efforts. Despite objections from Ethiopia's downstream riparian, Egypt, construction has continued, indicating that as Ethiopia establishes itself as a rising power in the Horn of Africa, Egyptian hegemony will be increasingly challenged. Ethiopia's quest for energy sufficiency to support its development is disrupting the region's historic balance of power as well as relations among the Nile Basin countries. In particular, relations between Ethiopia and Egypt have become increasingly complex. This thesis will argue that the shifting balance of power has provided for the development of a gesellschaft society that will continue to support regional stability.
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Merie, Kassaw Tafere. "Perceptions of Ethnic Federalism and the Ethiopian Diaspora Community in the US". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4235.
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Diaspora communities are becoming an essential part of socioeconomic and political developments of their homeland countries. The problem addressed by this study is that after ethnic federalism was implemented in Ethiopia, the Ethiopian diaspora in the US is divided along ethnic lines, causing human resource management and law enforcement challenges within the communities in the host country. The purpose of this study was to describe the impacts of Ethiopia's ethnic-based federalism on its diaspora residing in a US metropolitan area. The theoretical framework was based on Teshome and ZáhoÅ?Ãk's theory of ethnic federalism and Safran's theory of diaspora. The key research question examined how ethnic-based federalism in Ethiopia affects perceptions of members of the Ethiopian diaspora in the US. This qualitative ethnographic study included interviews with 15 members of the Ethiopian diaspora community residing in the Washington, DC metro area. The data were thematically coded and analyzed with the help of qualitative data analysis software. Findings revealed that the Ethiopian diaspora in the US is constantly involving in its homeland affairs, although in a fragmented and dis-unified manner. Ethnic-based federalism is not only divisive but also serving as the main source for ethnic bias among the Ethiopian diaspora. Ethnic resentment has surfaced and created a we versus them mentality in every aspect of diaspora's life activities. Recommendations include the Ethiopian government establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission and identifying a better form of federalism for the country. The implications for positive social change include integrating voices of the Ethiopian diaspora community in the policy making processes of the home and host governments.
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MacLeod, Erin Christine. "Leaving out of Babylon, into whose father's land? The Ethiopian perception of the repatriated Rastafari". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66737.
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This project is the first to investigate the way in which Ethiopians view the Rastafari, a post-colonial religious faith. Since originating in Jamaica in the 1930s, Rastafari have moved to the East African country to settle, viewing the country as the Promised Land. Given this centrality of Ethiopia to Rastafari, my dissertation documents the perception of Rastafari and Rastafarians within Ethiopia and the role these immigrants play within Ethiopian society. The methodology used is that of thick description—making an attempt to engage with as many different narratives about the Rastafari as possible. Thick description allows for an understanding of what is happening as regards the interaction between Rastafari and Ethiopians, but also provides a sense of context and meaning. After extensive interviewing in the Ethiopian cities of Shashemene and Addis Ababa, a comprehensive review of Ethiopian media coverage as well as analyses of academic, religious and government documents, the multiplicity of perspectives found demonstrated a view of a unique immigrant community, as well as a multifaceted view of Ethiopia and Ethiopianness. I draw from the many narratives about the Rastafari a sense of what these narratives can inform relative to Ethiopian identity itself. Unlike traditional development workers who stay on average two years, Rastafari wish to settle in Ethiopia. The challenge, therefore, to Ethiopians is to find a way to legally recognize these immigrants within the already complex historical and social spectrum of Ethiopian identity. The Rastafarian desire for citizenship and involvement in Ethiopian society challenges the idea of what it means to be Ethiopian and simultaneously demands that Ethiopian and Rastafarian identity re-evaluate its sense of self. As the Rastafari involve themselves more fully in Ethiopia, through the establishment of both humanitarian and business initiatives, and engage wCe projet est le premier à explorer la manière dont les Éthiopiens voient le Rastafari, une croyance religieuse post-coloniale. Depuis leur début en Jamaïque au courant des années 1930, les Rastafaris ont déménagé pour s'établir dans le pays d'Afrique de l'Est, le voyant comme la terre promise. Due en partie au rôle central que détient l'Éthiopie au sein de la religion Rastafari, ma dissertation documente la perception du Rastafari et des Rastafariens à l'intérieur de l'Éthiopie et le rôle que joue ces immigrants dans la société éthiopienne. La méthodolie utilisée est celle de « description dense »—tentant d'engager avec autant de récits sur le Rastafari que possible. La méthode de description épaisse permet à la fois une compréhension de l'interaction entre les Rastafariens et les Éthiopiens, tout en fournissant un contexte et un sens. À travers de nombreuses entrevues dans les villes éthiopiennes de Shashamene et d'Addis Abeba, une critique compréhensive de la couverture médiatique de l'Éthiopie, ainsi qu'une analyse de documents académiques, religieux et politiques, la multiplicité des perspectives retrouvées présentent un regard unique sur la communauté immigrante, ainsi qu'un point de vue varié sur l'Éthiopie et l'éthiopicité. De plusieurs récits sur les Rastafariens, je retire un sens de ce que ces récits peuvent dire sur l'identité éthiopienne comme telle. Les Rastafariens diffèrent des traveilleurs en développement international puisque ceux-ci ne restent qu'en moyenne deux ans, alors que les Rastafariens eux, désirent s'établir de façon permanent en Éthiopie. Par conséquent, le défi qui se présente pour les Éthiopiens est de trouver une manière de reconnaître légalement ces immigrants à l'intérieur de la complexité historique et sociale de l'identité éthiopienne. Le désir Rastafarien de citoyenneté et d'implication au sein de$
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McIsaac, J. Barry. "Social and cultural factors affecting the dietary intakes and anthropometric status of single male government-sponsored Ethiopian refugees". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55666.
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Meres, Sereke-Berhan. "Ethiopian and Eritrean Businesses Growth Barriers in the Washington, DC Area". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2613.
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Prior studies have revealed that recent Asian and Hispanic immigrant entrepreneurs have made significant contributions to social change in the United States. Although African immigrant entrepreneurs have made such contributions, few studies exist about them, and there is limited knowledge about this business community. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to identify the barriers of growth in Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrant-owned firms in the Washington, DC area who were in business for a minimum of 3 years and represented various trade lines and geographical locations. The enhanced integrated model of ethnic business development, which proposes growth strategies by analyzing the interaction of opportunity structures, ethnic resources, and entrepreneurial and management skills, was used as the conceptual framework to guide this study. Semistructured interview data were gathered from the business owners and then analyzed by employing a pattern matching technique. The data analysis revealed the themes of management deficiencies and the lack of organizational support system as the main growth barriers of the firms studied. These findings suggested the improvement of management skills and the creation of an organizational support system. This effort demands a collaboration of public, private, and community organizations. The results of this study may have positive social change implications to local economies by facilitating the growth of immigrant-owned businesses and enhancing their job and income-creating potential.
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Eshetu, Zewdu. "Forest soils of Ethiopian highlands : their characteristics in relation to site history : studies based on stable isotopes /". Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5881-1.pdf.
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Debele, Meskerem L. "Utopianism and Anti-Utopianism in the Ways Older Ethiopian Children Construct their National Identity and Implications for Social Studies Education". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1416232207.
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Wynn, Adrienne L. "The Conscientization of Silent Voices| An Interpretive Case Study Exploring the Experiences of Assimilation and Acculturation on American-Raised, First Generation and Second Generation Ethiopian Women Academic Achievement, Self-Identity Development and Perception of Beauty". Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10749863.
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Acculturation for Ethiopians in America systemically require adaptation to the dominant culture. Prior research findings illustrate that acculturation mechanically progress towards assimilation, an absorption of a foreign culture’s psychological, sociological, and cultural characteristics. In this sense, this case study explores the impact of assimilation and acculturation on Ethiopian women academic achievement, self-identity development and perception of beauty in America. American systems promote the dominant structure ideologies through oppressive symbols, themes, and cultural dissonance of Blacks. However, the construct of race contributes to the discourse that affect Ethiopians in America by categorizing the group with Blacks based on skin color. Therefore, cultural exclusion legitimizes Ethiopians navigation of American structural practices based on issues of colorism that lends to a silencing of Ethiopian voices. Critical-race-feminism provides the framework and lens to critically analyze the underlying issue of race, and impact of assimilation and acculturation. Critical pedagogy supports the synthesis of Ethiopian women academic achievement. Congruently, case study interviews provide qualitative data to evaluate the life experiences of Ethiopian women, and ascertain information to investigate participants’ academic and social experiences navigating American culture. The following six themes emerged from the narrative data: (1) Family Centered Social Structure, (2) Maintaining Ethiopian Traditions/Customs in America Matters, (3) Struggle of Independence as a Woman vs. Family-Interdependence as a Woman, (4) Identifying as Ethiopian and Black vs. African-American, (5) School Impacts Culture When Isolated, and (6) Afrocentrism Standard of Beauty. Findings suggest Ethiopians in America have formulated structural supports inter-ethnically to safeguard culture, Ethiopians, and Afrocentric views. Findings further illustrate that Ethiopian culture promotes strong identity development, lending to increased academic achievement and the application of Afrocentricism towards constructs of beauty. The study concludes with recommendations for policy makers, educators, and community activist for future support and research on Ethiopians in America.
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Bishop, Sarah J. "Music, Ethnicity, and Violence on the Ethio-South Sudanese Border". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1577993050917621.
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Elnaggar, Sameh hasan. "Egyptian Diaspora Explains the Meaning of its Political Engagement in Washington, DC". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7636.
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Available literature showed that the Egyptian diaspora (e.g., emigrants who share a common situations and work for the same cause) has been developing and engaging politically in the United States during the 2011 Egyptian revolution. The diasporas’ role was of interest to researchers and policymakers; however, the literature concerning diasporas has underexamined the Egyptian diaspora regarding its proliferation and active political engagement. Using the conflict and climate theories of Truman, and Cigler and Loomis in conjunction with the political engagement factors theory of Jang as the theoretical foundation of the study, the purpose was to explore how members of the diaspora explain and perceive their political engagement in Washington, DC. In this qualitative study, the key characteristics of diaspora and political and social factors of home and host countries that enable and inhibit that engagement regarding particular issues were addressed through 16 in-depth, face-to-face interviews with Egyptian-Americans. Maxwell and Miller’s doubled-strategy and Yin’s case study steps approach were used for analysis. The findings indicated that the engagement of the diaspora except Coptic and some Islamic groups are passive most of the time because of the political home culture; despite that fact, the diaspora became active for a short time because of the Egyptian revolution. Future research should exam those aspects to better understand the mechanism of building an Egyptian lobby to work continuously and effectively on Egyptian interests in the United States. The diaspora and policymakers may use the study results to help improve the role of this diaspora to impose positive social changes in Egypt and the future political engagement of Egyptian younger generations.
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Yun, Ohsoon. "Coffee tourism in Ethiopia : opportunities, challenges, and initiatives". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17470.
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This thesis explores the opportunities, challenges, and initiatives for coffee tourism in the context of Ethiopia. My research addresses five themes to achieve its research aims, which are as follows: arriving at prospective coffee tourism frameworks; addressing the reasons behind the underdevelopment of coffee tourism in Ethiopia; highlighting coffee tourism’s opportunities and challenges in Ethiopia; identifying potential coffee tourists, and; initiating coffee tourism through local collaborations. The core research methodologies are: fieldwork in Ethiopia involving a series of interviews with key stakeholders and a detailed case study of one potential coffee tourism region; digital ethnography, and; knowledge transfer activities enabled by several conceptual approaches such as development in Africa, power relations, reformed orientalism, situated knowledge, self-other, emotional geographies, and participatory geographies. Through this research, I found that coffee tourism cannot simply be a combination of coffee and tourism; coffee tourism needs to be understood through various contexts in addition to that of tourism; coffee tourism can be a more practical tourism form and a new coffee marketing vehicle in Ethiopia, and; coffee tourism potentially brings more advantages to the coffee industry in coffee bean exporting countries with current sustainable coffee initiatives such as fair trade or other coffee certification projects. Coffee tourism is not widely discussed in academia, and I argue that this research addresses several gaps in the literature: suggestions for coffee tourism frameworks, coffee tourism research in the context of Ethiopia, coffee tourism research beyond simple analysis in terms of the tourism or coffee industries, and a new illumination on Ethiopian culture, tourism, and coffee culture. Raising the topic of South Korea’s impact in Ethiopia as well as the East Asian role in coffee tourism is also an important contribution to academia. During my PhD tenure, I found a potential global partnership between coffee bean exporting countries and coffee bean importing countries through coffee. Ethiopia is an ideal place for coffee tourism, and it is my hope that coffee tourism could present an approach that brings to light Ethiopia's cultural wealth.
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Ketema, Raymok. "ERITREAN SOUNDS OF RESISTANCE: A HISTORICAL, POLITICAL, and MUSICAL ANALYSIS ON THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR, 1960s to 1990s". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524148034538656.
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Fekadu, Abebaw. "Studies on affective disorders in rural Ethiopia". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-37813.
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Background Affective disorders are poorly defined and studied in sub-Saharan Africa despite their substantial public health impact. Objectives Overall objective: To describe the epidemiology of selected affective disorders in rural Ethiopia. Specific objectives 1. To describe the validity and utility of the concept of minor depressive disorder (mD). 2. To describe the manifestation, prevalence and the short-term clinical and functional course and outcome of bipolar disorder. Subjects and methods Population: Zay community residents (age ≥16), and residents of Butajira (ages 15-49), in Southern Ethiopia. Study design: Population-based cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Case identification: For the identification of cases with bipolar disorder, a two stage process was employed. An initial screen used key informants and interview with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to identify cases with probable bipolar disorder. A second confirmatory diagnostic assessment stage employed the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). For the identification of cases with mD, data from the CIDI was used. Follow-up: 312 cases with bipolar disorder from Butajira were followed up for a mean of 2.5 years (ranging 1-4 years) through monthly clinical assessments and annual symptom and functional ratings. Results The CIDI was administered to 1714 adults among the Zay and to 68, 378 adults among the Butajira residents. The prevalence of mD among the Zay and Butajira was 20.5% and 2.2% respectively. Up to 80% of cases with mD had used services for their symptoms, while a third to a half of cases had thought about self harm. Up to a sixth of cases had attempted suicide. Age, marital status, education and somatic symptoms were independently associated with mD. The prevalence of bipolar disorder among the Zay was 1.8%. During a 2.5-year follow-up of 312 cases with bipolar disorder from Butajira, 65.9% relapsed (47.8% manic, 44.3% depressive and 7.7% mixed episodes) while 31.1% experienced persistent illness. Female gender predicted depressive relapse whereas male gender predicted manic relapse. Only being on psychotropic medication predicted remission (OR=3.42; 95% CI=1.82, 6.45). Disability was much worse among bipolar patients than in the general population and was predicted by symptom se3verity. Conclusions This is the largest study on mD and bipolar disorder in Africa. mD appears to have potential clinical utility in this setting given its association with service use and risk. The identified risk factors for mD also suggest potential aetiological continuity with major depression. The relatively high prevalence of bipolar disorder among the Zay may be related to genetic predisposition perhaps mediated through a founder effect, but other factors need exploring. In relation to the outcome of bipolar disorder, this study indicates that, contrary to previous assumptions, the course of bipolar disorder is characterised by both manic and depressive relapses in a relatively proportionate fashion. Bipolar disorder also leads to significant levels of disability. This is the only prospective outcome study of bipolar disorder in Africa where cases were monitored systematically at short assessment intervals. Therefore, findings are likely to be more robust than previous reports.
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Teferra, Abebe Solomon. "Studies on psychotic disorders in rural Ethiopia". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-43826.
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Background Studies on course and outcome of schizophrenia coming from low income countries are increasingly becoming important to challenge the existing dogma claiming good outcome in these countries. Besides clinical course and outcome, mortality is considered a very important outcome measure for schizophrenia. Culture and tradition play a significant role in the manifestations of severe mental illnesses (SMI). Khat is a culturally accepted plant endemic to Eastern Africa, which is chewed by people for its stimulating effect. It is believed that Khat influences the course and outcome of schizophrenia although systematic studies are scarce. Patients with SMI continue to chew khat despite advice from their doctors to desist. Reasons for this behavior were not fully investigated before. Objectives - To describe the 5-year clinical course and outcome and mortality of schizophrenia in Butajira. - To explore traditional views on psychosis in the semi-nomadic Borana population. - To describe the perceived causes and preferred treatment for SMI in the semi-nomadic Borana population - To explore reasons for khat chewing behavior in people with SMI in Butajira. Methods The studies were done in two sites: Butajira and Borana. The Butajira study involved screening, using CIDI and Key Informants (KIs), of more than 68,000 adults aged 15-49. Of these, 321 people were diagnosed with schizophrenia and were followed-up for five years to look into their clinical course and outcome, including mortality. A qualitative study involving 37 men with SMI and 30 female caregivers was conducted in Butajira to study reasons why patients continue to chew khat despite their physicians’ advice against it. The Borana study of a remote semi-nomadic population in southern Ethiopia, used qualitative methods involving 56 KIs to identify descriptions of psychosis, perceived causes and preferred treatment in the community. Cases identified by the KIs also underwent SCAN interview for confirmatory diagnosis. Results The five year follow-up of schizophrenia patients showed that 45% of participants were continuously symptomatic with 30.3% having had continuous psychotic episode. About 20% had experienced continuous remission. Being single (OR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.08-10.82, P = 0.037), on antipsychotic treatment for at least 50% of follow up time (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.12-4.62, P = 0.023), and having a diagnosis of paranoid subtype of schizophrenia (OR = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.30-10.44, P = 0.014) were associated with longer period of remission. A total of 38 (12.4%) patients, thirty four men (11.1%) and four women (1.3%) died during the 5-year follow-up period. The mean age (SD) of the deceased for both sexes was 35 (7.35): 35.3 (7.4) for men and 32.3 (6.8) for women. The most common cause of death was infection, 18/38 (47.4%) followed by severe malnutrition, 5/38 (13.2%) and suicide 4/38 (10.5%). The overall SMR was 5.98 (95% CI = 4.09 to 7.87): 6.27 (95% C I = 4.16 to 8.38) for men and 4.30 (95% CI = 1.02 to 8.52) for women. Patients residing in rural areas had lower mortality with adjusted HR of 0.30 (95% CI = 0.12-0.69) but those with insidious onset had higher mortality with adjusted HR 2.37 (95% CI = 1.04-5.41). Treatment with antipsychotics for less than 50% of the follow-up time was also associated with higher mortality, adjusted HR 2.66 (1.054-6.72). In the Borana study, the incongruity between local and psychiatric concepts in the CIDI lay mainly in the fact that KIs described characteristics of marata (madness) in terms of overt behavioral symptoms instead of thought disturbances. Following the focus group discussions, participants identified 8 individuals with schizophrenia and 13 with a psychotic mood disorder, confirmed by SCAN interview. Supernatural causes such as possession by evil spirits, curse, bewitchment, ‘exposure to wind’ and subsequent attack by evil spirits in postnatal women; bio-psycho-social causes such as infections (malaria), loss, ‘thinking too much’, and alcohol and khat abuse were mentioned as causes of SMI. The preferred treatments for severe mental illness included mainly traditional approaches, such as consulting Borana wise men or traditional healers, prayer, holy water treatment and, finally, seeking modern health care. Regarding khat and SMI in Butajira, reasons given by patients as well as caregivers were more or less congruent: social pressure, a means for survival by improving function, combating medication side effects, to experience pleasure and curbing appetite. Conclusion Schizophrenia runs a chronic and non-remitting course and was associated with very high premature mortality in Butajira. Continued treatment with antipsychotics has been a consistent predictor of favorable outcome and reduced mortality. Case identification in studies of psychotic disorders in traditional communities are likely to benefit from combining structured interviews with the key informant method. Planning mental health care in traditional communities needs to involve influential people and traditional healers to increase acceptability of modern mental health care. Patients with SMI chewed khat for some important reasons that clinicians need to consider in their management.
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Kassahun, Walelign M. "HIV Prevalence and Donor Funding in Ethiopia". Thesis, Walden University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13806354.
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Many researchers have documented the trend of decreasing financial support from donors for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) responses in Ethiopia. Less information is available regarding the correlation between trends of HIV prevalence and external funding and ways to address the impact that funding scarcity could cause. The purpose of this study was to examine the trend of HIV prevalence and donor funding levels, analyzing how the 2 are correlated, and opportunities to improve responses. Using the proximate determinant framework, the research questions examined the changes in HIV prevalence in Ethiopia during the past 10 years; the association between the trends of HIV prevalence, funding levels, and services provided; and the effect of different characteristics on the trend of the prevalence. A paired sample t-test, time series forecasting, Pearson correlation, chi-square test, and multiple regression were employed using a secondary data of sampled 1,067 people from the Demographic and Health Surveys and data from donors. Results indicated that the change in prevalence was statistically significant (t [10] = 4.59, p = .001), and correlated with the funding levels(r (10) = .635*, p = .027), a significant relationship between funding level and type of services, χ2 (2, N = 1067) = 1425.7, p < .001 and a significant regression equation to predict HIV prevalence (F (9, 1056) = 12.639, p < .001). The results from this study could be used to inform the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia and HIV project implementers to plan for domestic sustainable financing initiatives, invest based upon evidence-based HIV prevention strategies that could most directly impact quality of life and guide future research.
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Browne, Cheree M. y Osman Mentes. "Case Studies on UN Information Operations Ethiopia, Liberia, and Kosovo". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17419.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedOver the past ten years, the demand for UN Information Operations (IO) has grown, with the UN initiating or strengthening seventeen peacekeeping operations and increasing the number of deployed UN personnel. Given the growing demand for UN peacekeeping, we will examine, assess, and make recommendations for increasing UN Information operations during peacekeeping (IODP) effectiveness. This thesis will focus on UN information operations from a tactical methodology of peacekeeping operations utilizing the information hierarchy of needs in a post conflict situation. To determine whether the United Nations has established IODP, the following questions are addressed What is more important the IO message or the information system (IS) Is a successful system sufficient for IO success What is the information hierarchy What impact does the information hierarchy have on peacekeeping operations Who should deliver the message How should the message be delivered What is the structure for evaluating UN IODP When, where, and how has the UN succeeded in utilizing IODP in missions Where has it failed and what were the IO issues it faced How can the United Nations and member countries better utilize information operations How can the United Nations utilize the information hierarchy to garner public support in post-conflict environments How can the United Nations counter competing information How do you manage expectations in a post conflict situation Are the tools used by the United Nations for managing expectations during peacekeeping operations effective Specifically, in this thesis, we examine(1) the evolution of UN IODP over the past decade; (2) the characteristics of ongoing IODP in case studies from Kosovo, Liberia, and Eritrea-Ethiopia; (3) the current structure for evaluating the UN IODP and the challenges, if any, the current structure poses, specifically in the previously mentioned case; and (4) countering disinformation efforts in IODP case studies.
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Bedaso, Zelalem K. "Stable Isotope Studies of Paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate from Afar, Ethiopia". Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3004.
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ABSTRACT
The sedimentary deposits of the Hadar Formation at Dikika and the Mount Galili Formation at Galili preserve a wealth of paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic records spanning the last 5.29 Ma. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of herbivore tooth enamel were analyzed for more than 600 specimens of 15 different taxa from 10 stratigraphic intervals. The application of carbon and oxygen isotopes here aims
principally at reconstructing shifts in the relative abundance of C4 grasses, and its implications for climate indicators including temperature, aridity, and seasonality. The full range of δ13Cenamel values throughout the Plio-Pleistocene signifies a wide range of foraging strategies by the fauna, which in turn reflects the mosaic of vegetation at Dikika and Galili. Estimates of ecosystem carbon isotope composition (δ13Cecosystem , which is given by average δ13Cenamel of each large vertebrate taxon weighted by the respective faunal abundance and the estimated daily biomass consumption) is used to asses shifts in the ecosystem-scale proportion of C3 and C4 vegetation. In the Plio-Pleistocene, the general paleoenvironmental conditions varied from wooded grassland to grasslands with the total amount of C4 grass cover on the landscape varying between 35% and 91%. Likewise, the paleohabitat reconstructions indicate the presence of grassland, wooded grassland, woodland habitats throughout the Pliocene and in Middle Pleistocene but the relative proportion of the habitats has changed substantially with time. Although this result agrees with the general trend towards more open grassland since the Late Miocene, a rebound of closed habitats and C3 resources from closed canopy woodlands or forests is evident in the middle Pliocene between 3.42 Ma and 3.24 Ma. These changes in the proportion of habitats could have affected the distribution and availability of preferred food resources and has an implication on the interaction of the animals on the paleolandscape and competition for resources.
18Oenamel values also show a wide range of variation within each stratigraphic member and through time. Temporal variation of δ13Cenamel values within a given taxon, as well as differences among sympatric taxa, document different aspects of the environment and climate, including changes in drinking water source, seasonality, and periods of strong
evaporation. Estimated δ13Cmeteoric water based on the most 18O-depleted hippo tooth enamel, displays values of -1.94 / (VSMOW) and -5.24 / (VSMOW) in the Middle Pleistocene of Asbole and middle Pliocene of Galili, respectively. A major shift in the isotopic composition of water at ~ 3.0 Ma was accompanied by a 6.0 / increase from middle Pliocene to the present. While a +3.8 / shift from early to middle Pliocene was documented. The isotopic composition of meteoric water between 4.6 Ma and 4.38 Ma was most 18O-enriched compared to the rest of the Pliocene estimates. Likewise, an increase in the estimated δ13Cmeteoric water values was documented in the Awash Valley and elsewhere in East Africa, which indicate a regional climate change since the early Pliocene. An increase in the aridity, which is expressed as mean annual water deficit (i.e., the difference between potential evapotranspiration and mean annual precipitation) is also evident since the early Pliocene. These changes during the Pliocene in the region may in part be attributed to a regional decrease in the amount of precipitation and changes in the moisture source superimposed on global climate changes.
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Sethi, Aishwarya. "The Framing of a Famine : A case study of Ethiopia". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-350170.
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Atfaye, Haile. "Poverty alleviation through community development : the case of PRO PRIDE-Ethiopia". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52408.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Misunderstanding of poverty and lack of sound poverty alleviating strategy, among others, are problems of some of the few NGOs existing in Ethiopia. There is a problem of understanding their roles in relation to the State and other stakeholders. The principles they apply in their intervention are other problems. These are the issues that were researched in the PRO PRIDE case study. The legitimacy of PRO PRIDE as a poverty-alleviating programme in view of global and Ethiopian poverty and the consequent policy focuses is justified. The principles of PRO PRIDE - community participation, gender equity, intersectoral collaboration, appropriate technology, focus on prevention, participatory management, cost effectiveness and sustainability of programmes - are sound principles. Reviewing the practices of PRO PRIDE as guided by the aforementioned principles it is understood that the community development principles - human orientation, public participation, empowerment, ownership, release, social learning, adaptiveness and simplicity - are commendably achieved. PRO PRIDE well dealt with understanding poverty and its interwoven nature. Issues such as the deprivation trap that the poor are entangled in; the general explanation of poverty that are given by different authors; vicious cycles of poverty and social, economic and political causes of poverty which are operating at local, national and international levels; and the rural-urban dynamics that work in exacerbating the urban poverty are covered in its socio-economic study. The study of the programme areas shows that they depict a dismal picture as a result of the operation of these poverty dynamics. Regarding the integrated rural-urban poverty alleviation strategy, the State has made favourable policies and itself dwelled on rural poverty due to lack of financial capacity to cover both rural and urban areas. The State's rural focus is accepted to impact on the urban poverty through changing the migration pattern. PRO PRIDE is operating in the urban setting to connect the nexus - the rural-urban strategy. PRO PRIDE is operating with an integrated urban development strategy encompassing income generation, basic education, primary health care, HIV IAIDS prevention and control and environmental sanitation. Through integrating these areas of intervention PRO PRIDE is improving the quality of life, promoting sustainable urban economic growth, creating income and employment generating opportunities, giving people access to resources and opportunities, improving the distribution of income and welfare, and applying sound developmental principles. The functioning of PRO PRIDE is proven to be in a well compliance with the requirement for organisations alike. It is functioning in collaboration and participation with the popular sector - the people themselves and their community leaders. It operates with the agreement of the State bodies such as FRDCB and with other line bureaus such as Health, Education, Environmental Development, and Labour and Social Affairs. It collaborates with donors the major being ActionAid - Ethiopia (AAE). Internal components of PRO PRIDE such as the Board and the staff as well as its organisational development influence its operation. All the programmes and the projects are managed through PRO PRIDE's interaction with its internal and external stakeho lders. PRO PRIDE as an agent of development has played as a catalyst to initiate development, focused on empowerment and using the people's latent potential, materialised capacity building and facilitation. These are basically the requirements that the current NGOs should fulfill, which PRO PRIDE commendably did. The study has indicated that although PRO PRIDE is an organisation of overall success, there are some areas of future focus both by the State and PRO PRIDE. Recommendations are made as to what both parties should do in their future focuses.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanopvattings oor armoede en die gebrek aan gesonde strategieë vir die verligting van armoede, onder andere, is swakhede van sommige van die paar bestaande NGO's in Ethiopië. Verder ondervind hulle ook probleme om hulle rol met betrekking tot die Staat en ander deelhouers te verstaan; ook die beginsels wat hulle by intervensie beoefen, is problematies. Hierdie is die kwessies wat deur die PRO PRIDE gevallestudie ondersoek word. Die legitimiteit van PRO PRIDE as 'n armoede-verligtende program, gesien in die lig van die globale en Ethiopiese armoede en die voortspruitende beleidsfokusse, word geregverdig. Die beginsels van PRO PRIDE - gemeenskapsdeelname, geslagsgelykheid, intersektorale samewerking, geskikte tegnologie, fokus op voorkoming, deelnemende bestuur, koste-effektiwiteit en die volhoubaarheid van programme - is gesonde beginsels. Oorweging van die praktyke van PRO PRIDE aan die hand van voorgenoemde beginsels toon dat die beginsels van gemeenskapsontwikkeling - menslike oriëntasie, openbare deelname, bemagtiging, eienaarskap, bevryding, sosiale leer, aanpasbaarheid en eenvoudigheid - noemenswaardig verwesenlik is. PRO PRIDE het goed daarin geslaag om armoede en die verweefde aard daarvan te verstaan. Kwessies soos die ontberingsvalstrik waarin die armes vasgevang is; die algemene verklarings vir armoede deur verskillende skrywers; die bose kringloop van armoede en die sosiale, ekonomiese en politieke oorsake van armoede, aangetref op plaaslike, nasionale en internasionale vlakke; asook die landelik-stedelike dinamika wat meewerk tot die verergering van stedelike armoede word gedek in die sosio-ekonomiese studie. Die bestudering van die programareas verbeeld 'n droewige prentjie te wyte aan die operering van hierdie armoede- dinamiek. Betreffende die geïntegreerde landelik-stedelike armoede-verligtingstrategie, het die Staat gunstige beleide gemaak en oorheersend gefokus op landelike armoede vanweë 'n gebrek aan finansiële kapasiteit vir die aanspreking van die probleem in beide landelike en stedelike gebiede. Die Staat se landelike fokus is aanneemlik gevind vir die impak wat dit op stedelike armoede kon hê deur verandering van die migrasiepatroon. PRO PRIDE opereer vanuit 'n stedelike omgewing om die verbinding, landelik-stedelike strategie, te bewerkstellig. Dit opereer binne 'n geïntegreerde stedelike ontwikkelingstrategie behelsende inkomstegenerering, basiese opvoeding, primêre gesondheidsorg, VIGS-voorkoming en -beheer, asook omgewingsanitasie. Deur integrering van hierdie tussenkomsgebiede verbeter PRO PRIDE lewenskwaliteit, bevorder dit volhoubare stedelike ekonomiese groei, genereer dit inkomste- en indiensnemingsgeleenthede, maak dit hulpbronne en geleenthede toeganklik vir mense, verbeter dit die distribusie van inkomste en welvaart en pas dit gesonde ontwikkelingsbeginsels toe. Die funksionering van PRO PRIDE is bewys te voldoen aan die vereistes gestel vir ooreenstemmende organisasies. Dit funksioneer met die samewerking en deelname van die volksektor - die mense en hulle gemeenskapsleiers. Dit opereer met die instemming van Staatsorgane soos FRDCB en ander lynstaatsinstansies soos dié van Gesondheid, Opvoeding, Omgewingsontwikkeling en Arbeid en Sosiale Aangeleenthede. PRO PRIDE werk ook saam met donateurs van wie die vernaamste ActionAid-Ethiopië (AAE) is. Interne komponente soos die Raad en personeel, asook die organisatoriese ontwikkeling van PRO PRIDE beïnvloed die operering daarvan. Alle programme en projekte word bestuur deur PRO PRIDE se interaksie met sy interne en eksterne deelhouers. PRO PRIDE as 'n ontwikkelingsagent het as 'n katalisator opgetree om ontwikkeling te inisieer, het gefokus op bemagtiging en gebruik van die mense se latente potensiaal en het kapasiteitsbou en fasilitering bewerkstellig. Hierdie basiese vereistes waaraan NGO's behoort te voldoen is noemenswaardig deur PRO PRIDE gerealiseer. Die studie het getoon dat hoewel PRO PRIDE in die geheel geslaag het as organisasie, daar tog sommige gebiede is wat toekomstige aandag van beide die Staat en PRO PRIDE verdien. Aanbevelings word gemaak oor wat beide partye in hul toekomstige fokus behoort te onderneem.
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Tarekegn, Tefera Alemu. "Challenges of development in Nibgee Village, Ethiopia : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Development Studies /". ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/639.
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Taddese, Zerihun. "Anthropometric status of Oromo women of childbearing age in rural southwestern Ethiopia". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69736.
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A community based, cross-sectional survey was undertaken of the anthropometric status of Oromo, non-pregnant women of child bearing age in Kersa subdistrict, southwest Ethiopia. The main purposes of this investigation were to determine normative anthropometric standards and to identify their important determinants. A structured questionnaire was administered by interviewers and anthropometric measurements were completed on 473 non-pregnant women randomly selected and stratified by 5 year age categories from 8 peasant associations. Women in this study sample were light with a mean (SD) weight of 46.9 (5.3) kg. Approximately three quarters weighed less than 50 kg and 34 (7%) less than 40 kg. Women's height averaged 155.5 cm with nearly 20% under 150 cm. The mean (SD) BMI was 19.4 (1.9) kg/m$ sp2$ and 35% of the women had a BMI lower than 18.5 kg/m$ sp2$. Means for all anthropometric measurements fell below the 10th percentile of the standard, NCHS reference for black women. No consistent predictor was found across the various anthropometric outcomes. In particular, all anthropometric outcomes were stable across age categories. The relationship between these anthropometric measures and adverse maternal or perinatal outcomes need to be validated.
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Desta, Naomi I. (Naomi Iskindir). "Land management reform in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : implmentating a public leasehold system". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65698.
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Woldesenbet, Almaz Bekele. "The impact of electricity shortages on large- and medium-scale manufacturing industries in Ethiopia". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6681.
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This study examines the impact of electricity shortages on the Large- and Medium-Scale Manufacturing Industry (LMSMI) in Ethiopia, using data obtained from a case study of 16 LMSMI firms that was undertaken in Addis Ababa from January 2004 to February 2004. In addition, the study examines the causes of these electricity shortages. Ethiopia's electricity supply relies very heavily on hydroelectric power, with geothermal, natural gas, solar, coal and diesel together providing only 1% of the total electricity supply. Significant power shortages occurred in the years 1995/96, 1997/98 and 1999/2000, with a particularly severe power shortage happening in 2002/03. The causes of these included a general increase in electriCity demand, without a corresponding increase in installed hydropower capacity, and a sustained period of drought. The case study findings showed that power outages were particularly costly in the LMSMI sector, through production and raw materials losses, damage to equipment, and the additional investment and operating costs of self-generation among those firms that purchased and used their own diesel generators as a backup source of electriCity. The case study results indicated that power outages caused firms without backup generators to lose approximately 15% to 30% of their potential production in 2002/03. Even in the other years when the power shortages were less severe, losses could reach up to 10%. By extrapolating the sampled firms' production losses to the total number of LMSMI firms in the country, it can be estimated that the country may have lost 10% to 15% of total yearly gross value of production that could have contributed from this sector and 1 % to 3% of total yearly government revenue. In the past, because of the low level of development in the Ethiopian LMSMI sector, the costs of power outages on this sector had not been as big, despite their high frequency. It is envisaged that, when the country's economy grows and the government's new policy (the Agricultural Development-Led Industrialization strategic plan) increases the economy's dependence on LMSMI production, then power outages would certainly have a much greater impact on the LMSMI sector as well as on the total economy of the country. In order to avoid this, therefore, some of the constraints which contributed to power shortages in the past (such as poor planning and governance, bad decision-making, and a lack of integrated planning), should be addressed. In addition, unplanned power outages, which, according to the firms interviewed, had an even greater impact than scheduled power outages, should be minimized. Hopefully, in the future, these measures will improve the performance and reliability of the electriCity supply in the country.
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Gopilo, Abraham. "Epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus in Ethiopia and molecular studies on virulence". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7414/1/gopilo.pdf.
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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute and highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants, which is characterised by high fever, ocular and nasal discharge, pneumonia, necrosis and ulceration of the mucuous membrane and inflammation of the gastro-intestinal tract leading to severe diarrhoea and high mortality. In Africa, goats are severely affected while sheep undergo a mild form or rarely suffer clinical disease. PPR is one of the most important economical diseases in Ethiopia. Clinical PPR is confirmed in Ethiopian goats, however, its circulation in other animals has never been described. In the present work, we showed that the antibody seroprevalence in camel, cattle, goat and sheep confirmed natural transmission in these animals without clinical disease. The apparent absence of pathogenicity in these animals may have been due to host resistance or loss of virulence of the virus strain. We have further investigated the latter point by in vitro studies on PPRV comparing strains from Ethiopia and other countries with the vaccine strain which has been attenuated after several cell culture passages. In a first approach, virulence of PPRV was monitored in cell culture system and the use of virus specific monoclonal antibodies enabled to detect differences in virulence between PPRV and RPV. Vero (primate origin) and 293T (human) cell lines supported virus replication permitting the in vitro growth of both PPRV and RPV. In contrast to RPV, B95a (marmoset B) cells infected with PPRV were non permissive. The capability of cells to support active virus replication, which may result in intercellular spread and induce damages in infected cells, has implications on the pathogenesis and epidemiology. Cellular receptors are major determinants of host range and tissue tropism of a virus. The difference in infectivity of PPRV and RPV may have depended on the H protein epitopes and their cellular receptors. Therefore, we decided to compare the amino acid epitope of H protein of PPRV with that of other morbilliviruses. As part of our investigation of virulence factors, we have sequenced and compared genome and antigenome promoters of a vaccine strain with field strains of PPRV. The promoters contain the polymerase binding sites to initiate and generate the positive-strand replication and transcription of mRNAs. Nucleotide base change differences between vaccine strain and field strains would provide molecular basis for attenuation. Alignment of the genome promoter sequences revealed seven nucleotide mutations at certain positions. Our finding on nucleotide mutation on PPRV are in agreement with the nucleotide changes in rinderpest virus and other morbillivirus promoter regions between vaccine strain and wild type virus. Certain mutations were specific to PPRV. The promoter sequences were clustered around the geographic origin of the viruses and were lineage specific. Phylogenetic analysis of PPRV promoters was used for PPR phylogeograhy, and for comparison with other paramyxoviruses. The thesis is divided in 6 chapters. The first chapter deals with the natural history of PPR including the virus, the genome, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, immunology, diagnosis, control and its economic cost in the low income subsistence farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa. The second chapter is about comparative biology of PPRV with regard to other groups of morbillivirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family. The third chapter deals with field study and observations on epidemiology of PPR in Ethiopia. In chapter four, PPRV virulence was monitored in cell culture system and comparison of H protein epitopes. In chapter five, sequence analysis of genome and antigenome promoters of PPRV was described In chapter six, general discussion and recommendations were forwarded.
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Tadesse, Elazar. "Integrated community-based management of severe acute child malnutrition : Studies from rural Southern Ethiopia". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-292781.
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Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the community-based Outpatient Therapeutic Program (OTP) as a standard treatment protocol for the management of uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) at the community level. OTP has been scaled up and integrated into the existing grassroots level government health systems in several developing countries. The aim of this thesis was to assess the implementation and outcome of a scaled-up and integrated OTP service provided at community level. Methods: One qualitative study and three quantitative studies were conducted in southern Ethiopia. Children admitted to 94 integrated OTPs, their caregivers and health extension workers providing primary health care services in the nearby health posts were included in this study. The quantitative studies were based on data generated from observation of a cohort of 1,048 children admitted to the integrated OTPs. Result: On admission 78.8% of the children had SAM. The majority of these children 60.2% exited the program neither achieving program recovery criteria nor being transferred to inpatient care. Fourteen weeks after admission to OTP, 34.6% were severely malnourished and 34.4% were moderately malnourished, thus 69.0% were still acutely malnourished. Ready-to-use Therapeutic Foods (RUTFs) provided for SAM children were commonly shared with other children in the household and sold as a commodity for the collective benefit of the family thus admitted children received only a portion of the provided amount. Further, the program suffered a severe shortage of RUTFs, where only 46.6% of admitted children were given the recommended amount of RUTFs by providers on admission and only 34.9% of these had uninterrupted provision during the follow-up. Conclusion: The integrated OTPs we studied provide a constrained service and the use of RUTFs by families is not as intended by the program. The majority of admitted children remained acutely malnourished after participating in the program for the recommended duration. For integrated OTPs to be effective in chronically food-insecure contexts, interventions that also address the economic and food needs of the entire household are essential. This may require a shift to view SAM as a symptom of broader problems affecting a family rather than as a disease of an individual child. In addition, further research is needed to understand the health system context regarding RUTFs and medication supply and service utilization of integrated OTPs.
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Gopilo, Abraham Picavet Dominique-Pierre. "Epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus in ethiopia and molecular studies on virulence". Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000226.
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Negassa, Asfaw. "The effects of deregulation on the efficiency of agricultural marketing in Ethiopia : case study from Bako area". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23926.
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The effects of the March 1990 deregulation policy on the marketing of agricultural products are examined in terms of price levels, price variability and market integration for maize, tef, noug and sorghum for the Bako, Tibe and Shoboka markets of the Wollega and Shoa regions of Ethiopia. Weekly price data from 1986 to 1993 are used. The price level and price variability changes are tested using a T-test and F-test respectively while market integration is tested using traditional price correlation analysis and Granger's and Johansen's methods of cointegration analysis. Deregulation has resulted in an increase in real prices which has also, in most cases, been accompanied by an increase in price variability. The price correlation and Granger methods indicate improvement in market integration under deregulation while Johansen's method indicates similar levels of market integration for both regulated and deregulated marketing systems. Increased price variability might thwart the perceived benefits of deregulation and further research is needed to identify its causes and to provide appropriate policy recommendations.
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Gelaye, Fitsum Anley. "Converging intentions, diverging realities : rights vs. growth-based approaches to safe sanitation provision in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118257.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-55).
Although we are now well into the twenty first century, the possibility of achieving equitable, universal access to water and sanitation is still out of reach for most cities. According to a progress report by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program, in 2015, 844 million people lacked even the most basic access to safe drinking water (WHO/UNICEF, 2017). The case for sanitation is even more dire, as about 2.3 billion people have no access to the most basic sanitation service (WHO/UNICEF, 2017). Moreover, an estimated 1.5 million children under the age of five die each year as a result of water and sanitation related diseases. This harsh reality is consistently reflected in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where much like many other cities in the global south, water shutoffs are a norm and access to safe sanitation services is unfortunately minimal. Caught between the influences of the normative recognition of water and sanitation as a right and a national development agenda that sees Addis Ababa as the driver for economic progress, the city's utility is struggling to provide adequate access to its inhabitants. This thesis uses the Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority's recent, ambitious plan to transition Addis on to the country's first sewage grid as a sight for investigating how these influences play out on the ground and understand how residents are being serviced or excluded from accessing safe sanitation services. Drawing on multiple interviews, close readings of policy documents, and physical analysis of the distribution of services, I conclude that both normative and growth-centric approaches fail to reach their goals of achieving equitable, universal access to safe sanitation services for the city's residents. This is in large part because these approaches are not adequately responding to the realities of Addis Ababa, which is as much a city of informality and poverty as it is the capital of Africa's fastest growing economy.
by Fitsum Anley Gelaye.
M.C.P.
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Lemma, Alemayehu. "Case studies on reproductive activity of equines in relation to environmental factors in central Ethiopia /". [Berlin] : Alemayehu Lemma, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013222849&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Chinigò, Davide <1982>. "Governance of the land and decentralisation in Ethiopia: case studies from Siraro and Deguna Fanigo". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3705/1/chinigo_davide_tesi.pdf.
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Chinigò, Davide <1982>. "Governance of the land and decentralisation in Ethiopia: case studies from Siraro and Deguna Fanigo". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3705/.
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Adem, Lishan. "The impact of information technology in sub Saharan Africa with a particular reference to Ethiopia : a constructionist approach". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284979.
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Ochumbo, A. J. "Expatriate managers adjustment and its impact on subordinates reactions : a cross cultural leadership study of Kenya and Ethiopia". Thesis, Aston University, 2008. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15364/.
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Research on culture, leadership and adjustment shows that societal culture influences leadership in such a way that it can impact on expatriate managers' effectiveness and adjustment in a new culture. In previous research, cultural background, personality, motives or behaviour of expatriate managers and their followers' reactions to them have been investigated in Europe, America and Asia. However, little attention has been paid on research on expatriate managers in African cultures especially in Eastern Africa. The present study represents an attempt to address the gap by examining how societal culture, leadership and adjustment success are interrelated for expatriate managers in Kenya and Ethiopia. Questionnaire data were obtained from a) local middle managers (N=160) for studying societal culture and leadership in Kenya and Ethiopia, b) expatriate managers in non-governmental organizations - NGOs (N=28) for studying expatriate managers' personality, motives and adjustment success and c) their immediate subordinates (N=125) for studying the expatriate managers' behaviours and their subordinates' reactions to them. Additionally, expatriate managers were interviewed and responses were coded for implicit motives, experiences and adjustment. SPSS was used to analyse data from questionnaires to obtain cultural and leadership dimensions, leader behaviour and subordinate reactions. The NVIVO computer based disclosure analysis package was used to analyse interview data. Findings indicate that societal culture influences leadership behaviours and leadership perceptions while the expatriate managers' motives, behaviours, personality and the cross cultural training they received prior to their assignment impact on the expatriates' adjustment success and on subordinates' reactions to them. The cultural fit between expatriate managers' home country (19 countries) and the target country (Kenya or Ethiopia) had no significant association with adjustment success but was positively related to expatriate behaviour and negatively associated with subordinates reactions. However, some particular societal practices - obviously adopted by expatriates and transferred to their target country - did predict subordinates' commitment, motivation and job satisfaction. Furthermore, expatriates' responsibility motivation was positively related to their adjustment success. Regarding leadership behaviours and effectiveness, expatriate' supportive behaviours predicted subordinates' job satisfaction most strongly. Expatriate managers expressing their management philosophies and experience shed light on the various aspects of adjustment and management of NGOs. In addition, review of Kenyan and Ethiopian cultures and the NGO context in these countries offers valuable information for expatriate managers. This study's general imphcation for Cross Cultural Management and lnternational Human Resources Management is that the combination of culture general and culture specific knowledge and reflections on Eastern Africa countries can inform senior management and international HR staff about the critical issue of what to include in training, coaching, and actual experience in a particular host country in order to ensure effective leadership. Furthennore, this knowledge is expected to influence expatriate managers' behaviour modification to enhance positive subordinate reactions. Questions about how to prepare expatriate managers and subordinates to work more competently and sensitively across cultures are addressed. Further theoretical implications, limitations of the study and directions for future research are also addressed.
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Dioli, Maurizio. "Studies on ticks (Acari) : infesting the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Kenya and Southern Ethiopia". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399280.
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Asante, Belle. "Community engagement in cultural heritage management --case studies of museums in Harar and Addis Ababa, Ethiopia--". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/137081.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(地域研究)
甲第13970号
地博第63号
新制||地||21(附属図書館)
UT51-2008-C886
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科アフリカ地域研究専攻
(主査)准教授 重田 眞義, 教授 市川 光雄, 教授 太田 至
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Johansson, Sandra. "The informal sector and the potential role of microfinance institutions in Ethiopia". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11165.
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In Ethiopia, the economic dilemmas facing the country have had various effects on the society at large. Given this situation, the high rates of urbanization and uneployment has resulted in that more and more people end up in small-scale activities within the informal economy. Although the informal sector has become increasingly noticeable in Addis Ababa, it is commonly neglected and separated from the formal economy. In light of the contemporary Ethiopian society, this study has nonetheless argued that the wide range of economic activities found within the informal sector is indispensable and should be integrated with the formal economy. Instead of perceiving the informal economy as an economic malfunction, this study has aimed to explore its future potential through the help of microfinance institutions. It has also looked into how the informal sector can be defined and its main characteristics. To gain an increased understanding of how informal workers perceive their own life situation, semi-structured interviews have been carried out with informal workers from the Meklit Microfinance Institution. The theoretical framework of Friedmann's 'Whole Economy Model' and 'Disempowerment Model' was moreover applied in recognizing the role of the household as well as to which extent MFIs could be said to have increased the social power of the informal sector. The main conclusions of this essay are that there are highly diverse features of informal workers and their businesses, which accordingly implies that MFIs need to reflect this diversity in their general operations. Although MFIs were recognized as carrying a strong potential for the development of informal activities, there were some identified obstacles in for example their organizational structure which consequently affected the profitability of their clients' businesses. The role of Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) was also recognized as having the possibility to develop into a new type of labout union as to empower the informal sector and gradually lead to a natural continuation of the formal economy.
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Chung, Christophe (Christopher J. ). "The challenges of a water system management handover in eastern Ethiopia : from the United Nations Refugee Agency to a local community". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66879.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-84).
During the height of a political crisis in the late 1980s, hundreds of thousands of Somali refugees crossed into eastern Ethiopia. A humanitarian crisis soon unfolded as water was in short supply in the arid region. In response, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) constructed the largest water system ever built by the agency, with the clear understanding that the Jerer Valley Water System (JVWS) would be passed on to a local institution. More than a decade later, with most of the refugees repatriated, the JVWS tenuously exists within the management jurisdictions of both everyone and no one-between the local, regional, and national governments and UNHCR. The thesis aims to go beyond simply identifying the shortfalls in management, but seeks to understand key underlying factors which help drive such failure. Factors include issues of geopolitics, sovereignty, dependency and space. The Ethiopian state's right to territorial sovereignty has very significant spatial and planning implications for where refugee camps are located, how they are built and to what extent public services are shared with the local community. In the refugee camp studied in this thesis, a heavy dependence on the part of the local community has formed on the continued existence of Kebribeyah camp, as the space has become a key node of development for the surrounding community. Thus, while UNHCR attempts to pull out, its efforts are complicated by the fact that the local, regional and national governments have a deep seated interest in continued operations of the water system as it is now. A case is made for greater inclusion of local institutional capacity development in the emergency response phase (accompanied by the needed funds from international foreign aid) as a means to ensure a more timely infrastructural management handover.
by Christophe Chung.
M.C.P.
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TUJUBA, Tesfu Fekensa. "Ecological and taxonomic studies on Lepidoptera from Ethiopia: assessing Lepidopteran biodiversity among various land use types in Choke Mountain, Ethiopia. Revision of the genus Orbamia (family Geometridae) in Africa". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/98940.
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I Lepidotteri, tra i gruppi animali più ricchi di specie, sono componenti molto importanti dell'ecosistema. Nelle regioni Afrotropicali, tra cui l’Etiopia, il loro studio tassonomico ed ecologico risulta carente. Studi recenti hanno indicato che il forte impatto antropico che si sta verificando nei paesi tropicali è il principale responsabile della riduzione della diversità e dell'estinzione locale di molte specie di insetti, inclusi i Lepidotteri.
Scopo della mia tesi è stato quello di indagare la diversità dei Lepidotteri in Etiopia sotto diversi punti di vista, passando da una revisione generale delle attuali conoscenze nel paese africano, ad uno studio tassonomico dettagliato di un singolo genere a livello continentale. Dopo un'introduzione generale (Capitolo 1), la tesi è stata divisa in tre sezioni:
Nella prima parte (Capitolo 2) ho presentato una revisione aggiornata dei Lepidotteri noti per l’Etiopia, la cui fauna risulta al momento composta da 2.438 taxa (a livello di specie o sottospecie), di cui 662 endemici, appartenenti a 48 famiglie. La lista è stata ottenuta a partire da varie fonti bibliografiche, oltre che da database specialistici disponibili online. Pur essendo ancora incompleta, questa rassegna fornisce importanti dati di base per la comprensione dei modelli zoogeografici necessari per intraprendere un'efficace azione di conservazione.
Nella seconda parte (Capitolo 3) ho valutato l'impatto delle azioni antropiche sulle comunità di Lepidotteri, utilizzando nel corso di 12 mesi quattro trappole luminose in cinque ambienti con diversi tipi di utilizzo del suolo, nelle Choke Mountains (Etiopia): frammenti di foresta, terreni coltivati, cespuglieto, ambiente a mosaico e foresta naturale. Quattordici famiglie sono state prese in considerazione per l'analisi della biodiversità e i relativi esemplari identificati a livello di specie. In totale sono stati campionati 4.461 individui appartenenti a 344 specie. La maggiore diversità è stata osservata nella foresta naturale, seguita da frammenti di foresta e quindi dalle altre tipologie. L'andamento mensile degli indici di biodiversità ha mostrato forti variazioni tra le varie tipologie di ambienti nel corso dell'anno. La ricchezza di specie floristica e faunistica sono risultate fortemente correlate, sia quella osservata che quella stimata delle specie di Lepidotteri. I risultati nelle Choke Mountains hanno mostrato che una parte significativa della biodiversità dei Lepidotteri è ospitata in habitat dove l’impatto antropico è più rilevante, sottolineando l'importanza rivestita da tutti gli habitat indagati, e in particolare dai frammenti di foresta, come rifugio per molte specie.
Nella terza parte (Capitolo 4) è stato effettuato uno studio tassonomico del genere Orbamia Herbulot, 1966 (famiglia Geometridae), in cui si è esaminato il materiale raccolto in tutta l'Africa, conservato presso la Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (Monaco di Baviera, Germania). L'analisi tassonomica si è basata sull’analisi morfologica e del gene mitocondriale COI. È stato inoltre applicato un modello di tassonomia accelerata, in cui i dati genetici, le immagini e i metadati sono stati memorizzati nei sistemi di codici a barre del sistema BOLD. Come risultato della revisione, sono stati descritti due nuovi generi: Rabomia (specie tipo: Ectropis? subaurata (Warren, 1899) comb. n.) e Morabia (specie tipo: Morabia politzari Hausmann & Tujuba, sp. n.), oltre a dieci nuove specie e due nuove sottospecie.Lepidoptera, which represent among most species-rich taxa, are extremely important ecosystem components. Their taxonomic and ecological studies however, are still limited in Afrotropics, and in Ethiopia in particular. Moreover, most recent studies have indicated that frequent anthropogenic disturbances in tropical countries are primary drivers of reduction in community diversity and local extinction of many insect groups, including Lepidoptera. The aim of my thesis was to investigate the diversity of Ethiopian Lepidoptera from different points of view, going from a more general revision of the current knowledge of Lepidoptera order in the country to a detailed taxonomic study of a single genus at the continental level. Thus, after a general introduction (Chapter 1), the dissertation has been divided into three sections: In the first part (Chapter 2), I presented an updated comprehensive overview of Lepidoptera record in Ethiopia, composed of 2,438 taxa in 48 families, of which 662 are endemic. Records were compiled from various literature sources and website databases. Though still being far from completeness, this review provides important baseline data for understanding zoogeographic patterns and thus for undertaking effective conservation action. In the second part (Chapter 3), I assessed the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on lepidopteran assemblages across five different land use types, in Choke Mountain, Ethiopia. Four light traps were used to survey Lepidoptera species for 12 months in forest fragments, crop fields, bush land, mosaic environment and undisturbed natural forest. Fourteen families were considered in the analysis and specimens identified at species level. Overall, 4,461 moth individuals belonging to 344 species were sampled. The highest species diversity was captured from the natural forest, followed by forest fragment, bush land, crop fields and mosaic environment. The monthly trend of biodiversity indices showed strong variations among the various land categories during the year. Floristic and faunistic abundance were clearly related, both considering the observed and estimated Lepidoptera species richness. Results in Choke Mountains showed that a significant proportion of Lepidoptera diversity is hosted also in habitat where human modifications are more relevant, pointing out the importance of forest fragments, but also more degraded habitats, as suitable refugee for many species. In the third part (Chapter 4), a taxomonic study of the genus Orbamia Herbulot, 1966 (family Geometridae) was carried out, examining the material collected in the last hundred years from all over Africa, stored at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (Munich, Germany). The integrative taxonomical analysis was based on both morphological and genetic COI data. A model of accelerated taxonomy was applied, where genetic data, images and metadata are directly stored into the Barcode of Life Data (BOLD) Systems. As a result of the revision, two new genera were described: Rabomia Hausmann & Tujuba (type species: Ectropis? subaurata (Warren, 1899), comb. n.) and Morabia Hausmann & Tujuba (type species: Morabia politzari Hausmann & Tujuba, sp. n.). Ten new species and two new subspecies were also described.
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Johnson, Nicholas Edward. "Magnetotelluric studies of the crust and upper mantle in a zone of active continental breakup, Afar, Ethiopia". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7739.
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The Afar region of Ethiopia is slowly being torn apart by the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Main Ethiopian rifts which all meet at this remote, barren corner of Africa. Prior to rifting, volcanism probably started here some 30 million years ago, marked by the arrival of the Afar mantle plume and subsequent eruption of kilometres thick flood basalts. To the north and east the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden rifts have already progressed to become sea-floor spreading centres where new oceanic crust is produced. Active spreading on the Red Sea rift takes a landward step west into Eritrean Afar at approximately 15oN, after which divergence between the Nubian and Arabian tectonic plates is localised into 60 km long, 20 km wide magmatic segments that undergo periodic rifting cycles. This part of Afar is a unique natural laboratory where the process of transition from continental rifting to sea floor spreading can be studied. In September 2005 a dramatic rifting episode began on one such segment of the Red Sea rift in Afar (the Dabbahu magmatic segment), whereby a 60 km long dyke containing an estimated 2.5 km3 magma was intruded in just two weeks, allowing opening of up to 8 m. Since then a further 13 smaller dykes have been intruded, some with fissural eruptions of basaltic lava. Subsidence observed via geodetic observations can only account for a small fraction of the magma supply required to in ate the dykes, suggesting a deep crustal or upper mantle source must exist. The magnetotelluric (MT) method is a passive geophysical technique, used to probe the Earth to reveal subsurface conductivity. The presence of fluids can dramatically increase conductivity by orders of magnitude making the MT method ideally suited to detecting them. MT data collected from 22 sites on profiles near to and crossing the active rift are analysed and interpreted in conjunction with seismic and petrological constraints. They reveal for the first time, the existence of both a mid to lower-crustal magma chamber directly below the rift, and an o -axis zone of partial melt well within the mantle. The volume of melt contained within the crust and upper mantle below the Dabbahu segment is estimated to be at least 350 km3; enough to supply the rift at current spreading rates for almost 30 thousand years, assuming that both melt containing regions supply the rift. Vast amounts of highly conductive material, suggesting the existence of pure melt in places, are also required in the shallow crust close to Dabbahu volcano which lies at the northern end of the segment. Further data collected on the currently inactive Hararo segment which is the next one to the south of Dabbahu, show a smaller zone of partial melt that appears to be pooling at the Moho, inferred seismically to be at about 22 km, but little or no melt is required within the mid-crust. The minimum amount of melt estimated to be contained here is just 21 km3; an order of magnitude less than on the Dabbahu segment, but similar to estimates for melt within the crust found below the rift axis in the continental Main Ethiopian rift. This, along with other morphological evidence, suggests that this rift segment is less mature than the Dabbahu segment to the north, rather than it simply being at a different stage of a rifting cycle. A wide spread layer of highly conductive sediments up to 2 km thick has been imaged at most locations. This was unexpected on the Dabbahu segment where the surface of the Earth is dominated by heavily faulted basalts erupted from fissures, which are seen as a resistive uppermost layer several hundred metres thick. The high conductivity of the sediments is attributed to high heat flow and the presence of brines.
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Lackovich-Van, Gorp Ashley N. "Positive Deviance and Child Marriage by Abduction in the Sidama Zone of Ethiopia". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1412885500.
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Nguyen, Thanh Ngoc. "OSS For health care in developing countries : comparative case studies of DHIS2 and patient based systems in Ethiopia and Vietnam /". Oslo : Department of Informatics, Universitetet i Oslo, 2007. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/informatikk/2007/67896/Thanh.pdf.
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Eriksson, Rebecca. "”De svenska journalisterna” : En kvalitativ studie av medierapporteringen kring Martin Schibbye och Johan Persson". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-86037.
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The purpose of this essay is to analyze the media coverage of the case with Martin Schibbye and Johan Persson in the four biggest newspapers in Sweden in order to see how social constructions is created through the use of language. It is also of interest to see how nationality is represented in the material. The theory is based on Edward Said’s theory of post colonialism and the prejudices that has developed from the western way of viewing ”The orient”. It is also based on Richard Dyers theory on whiteness and binary oppositions, which shows how ”whiteness” is viewed as the norm and is also never questioned. The method is critical linguistics and based on Norman Fairclough and Michael Halliday. The results from the method in critical linguistics shows how power is used in the media coverage of Martin Schibbye and Johan Persson. It shows how Schibbye and Persson are presented as human beings and as individuals and the other parts as foreign and unknown parts in the conflict.
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Birmeta, Genet. "Genetic variability and biotechnological studies for the conservation and improvement of Ensete ventricosum /". Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a502.pdf.
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Moore, Charity Maria Troyer. "Formal Land Rights, Plot Management, and Income Diversification in Tigray Region, Ethiopia". The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1330537872.
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Binkley, Laura Elyse. "Rabies Genetic Diversity and Reservoir Identification in Terrestrial Carnivores Throughout Ethiopia". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555504407886304.
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Taffese, Mahlet y Mohamed Ismail. "Important Perception of Market Entry Barriers and Factors in Africa : Case Study on Ethiopia and Egypt". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20615.
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Globalization, rising affluence in developing and transitional economies, improved infrastructure, and advancements in communication and information technologies have increased the opportunities for marketing services beyond borders. For the last decade African economies has been growing which has created enormous opportunity for international companies. However, foreign companies have been slow to enter into African markets. The purpose of this research is to identify important perception of barriers and factors that affect market entry decision in Africa specifically in Ethiopia and Egypt.This research is based on a qualitative case study and data is collected from primary and secondary data. The primary data are collected from four Swedish micro and small companies. The secondary data collection is based on website, and published material from accredited government, such as UN, Ethiopian investment agency and Swedish government.The major market entry barriers and factors are determined through analysis of these data. The major barriers are cost advantages incumbents, product differentiation, capital requirement, switching cost, access of distribution channel, government policy. The factors are market attractiveness, cultural distance, uncertainty, legal environment, and competition. Market entry decision is dependent on high influential perception of market entry barriers. From this research the important influential perception of barriers and factors that affect market entry decision in Ethiopia and Egypt are government policy, cultural difference, uncertainty, and legal environment. Cost advantage and switching cost are the low influential perception of barriers.