Tesis sobre el tema "États membres de l’Union européenne"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 42 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "États membres de l’Union européenne".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Slautsky, Emmanuel. "Droit européen du marché intérieur et organisation administrative des États membres de l’Union européenne". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/231665.
Texto completoDoctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Zdzienicka, Aleksandra. "Vulnérabilités des nouveaux états membres de l’Union Européenne et processus d’adhésion à l’Euro". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22014.
Texto completoAlthough the Central and Eastern European countries show in many respects increasing similarities to developed economies they still present some characteristics pointing to potential sources of increased financial vulnerability. The presence of these vulnerabilities has raised the discussion about whether early euro adoption could represent an effective policy remedy for the CEECs’ economies. Traditionally, in the sense of the Optimum Currency Area (OCA) Theory, the arguments vary between two points of view. On the one side, the EMU adhesion would have a beneficial effect eliminating exchange rate risks, giving a better access to external financing and attenuating the impact of financial crises. On the other side, EMU membership may not protect these countries against asymmetric shocks. In fact, in the case of (real) asymmetric shocks or asymmetric response to common (real and nominal) shocks, the output and employment costs of the euro adoption could be very high. The objective of this dissertation is to study these issues, focusing first on potential source of financial vulnerabilities, and then to assess the degree of the CEECs’ shock asymmetry to participate in debates on the euro adoption
Guiresse, Marguerite. "Le principe juridique de confiance mutuelle entre États membres en droit de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2074.
Texto completoThe legal principle of mutual trust between Member States exists, I have encountered it many times ", one would be tempted to write. The study of EU law reveals the principle’s solid legal foundations while the extraction and analysis of the object reveals its own undeniable legal value. It has no equivalent in national, international, or European union law. Through the proof of its legal nature, the ingenious construction of EU law that the principle of mutual trust is appears. Raised to the rank of an existential and constitutional principle by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), mutual trust conditions the functioning and the autonomy of the EU's legal order. Its examination reveals its limits and limited legal effects. Nevertheless, it remains an unsurpassable principle. It constitutes a real issue for the threefold legitimacy of the Union. By underlining the fragility of the EU, it may appear to be an inherent weakness of the Union. By analysing the system of European integration in light of the principle, it is possible to shed light on the shortcomings of both. It also provides an original approach to questions relating to the nature of the EU
Corre, Pauline. "Le statut d'État membre de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020052.
Texto completoUntil recently, European studies did not consider the Member State of the European Union. It has mainly been studied from a national point of view. However, the Lisbon treaty suggests that the Member State is not as neglected by European Union law as one could think. The European Union legal order includes a diversity of rights and duties concerning the membership and the participation of the Member State to the European Union. The norms concerning its membership are controlled by the Member State, while the norms concerning its participation are used by the European Union in order to ensure the effectivity and the autonomy of the European legal order
Valduga, Louis. "La confiance mutuelle entre les Etats membres : instrument du système constitutionnel de l’Union européenne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ASSA0026.
Texto completoThe consecration of mutual trust in Union law reveals the specificities of this legal system and the nature of the relations between its authorities. It brings to light a complex constitutional architecture whose contours must be outlined and whose ins and outs must be revealed. In order to better understand this phenomenon, the thesis proposes to return to the source of this constitutional principle, by identifying an act of mutual trust on which the relations between the legal systems of the Member States are based within the Union. The transition from mutual trust to Union law makes it possible to deploy an instrument capable of ensuring the articulation of the legal systems. Moreover, the constitutionalisation of the relationship of mutual trust between the Member States leads to a rethinking of the participation of the latter in the European Union and of the content of the status of Member State. Finally, the analysis of mutual trust brings to light its vertical scope, considering the relations between the legal systems of the Union and the Member States. Mutual trust underpins the existence and maintenance of trust between the Union and the Member States, thus allowing us to identify a global system of trust that structures the relationship between legal systems
Sterck, Julien. "Identité constitutionnelle des États membres et primauté du droit de l'Union européenne : étude comparée de l'Irlande et de la France". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40009/document.
Texto completoComparing the Irish and French legal orders leads to describe the appraisal of the primacy of European Union law by the notion constitutional identity. In contrast to the claims of the European Court of Justice, the constitutional regime regarding European rules, both in Irish and French law, only provides for immunity and ultimately affirms the supremacy of the Constitution as the norm expressing national sovereignty. Still, Irish and French courts display a conciliatory attitude focused on aligning the material content of domestic and European norms. Rather than essentialism, the notion of constitutional identity represents a discourse on the Constitution whereby the identity status qualifies those constitutional norms which can defeat constitutional provisions dedicated to the prevalence of European rules as a result of an interpretative balancing process.While manifesting different affirmations of national sovereignty, the common objective of Irish and French courts is attaining increased control of the application of European Union rules. The institutional dynamics distinguishing the notion of constitutional identity as an interpretative process involve both an empowerment of the judiciary and a specific form of dialogue with the European Court of Justice regarding the conciliation between the primacy of European Union law and the supremacy of the Constitution. Judicial monologues protecting constitutional identity mean possible exclusions of the domestic application of European law and constitute an invitation to the European Court of Justice to agree to a peaceful co-existence of the two legal orders defined as a unity of words with a diversity of meanings
Zareba, Wioletta. "L’élaboration de la Politique européenne de voisinage et la gestion du problème des frontières : le rôle des nouveaux États membres (notamment celui de la Pologne)". Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030070.
Texto completoThe European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) was developed in order to insure a zone of stability and prosperity on the borders of the European Union (EU). It aims at strengthening political, economic, cultural, and security cooperation between the EU and its neighbours. Its objective is to engage neighbouring States into a mutually beneficial cooperation with the EU. The present doctorate thesis focuses on the Eastern dimension of the ENP which includes Eastern States like Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. These countries have an important role to play in the EU international straetegy. New Eastern European countries adhering in 2004 brought in a new frailty yet creating a strong pressure group asking for a strong commitment of the EU in matters related to immediate neighbourhood. Those countries are thoroughly aware of the economic situation of the region and have a wide experience cooperating with Belarus, Russia and Ukraine; they sought to have an influence on the Community's foreign affairs policy by means of new paths of action. The aim of this research concerns the global evaluation of the new Members States' - and Poland's in particular - part in and the contribution to jointly elaborating the Eastern European Union's eastern policy for the years 2004-2007
Le, Barbier Alexis. "Union monétaire et souveraineté". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0010.
Texto completoThe concept of sovereignty has three meanings : formal, material, and organic. Nevertheless, the identification of the attributes of sovereignty under the material meaning is never justified. The purpose of this thesis is to study the relationships between these different meanings of the concept of sovereignty, focusing on one of the attributes of sovereignty : the right to coin money. To better isolate it, this work focuses on currency unions using a historical and comparative method. At the end of this study, it appears that the three uses of the concept of sovereignty can only be linked to each other from a teleological point of view. This reveals the justificatory character of the concept of sovereignty, which is therefore not purely descriptive
Couronne, Vincent. "La compétence procédurale des États-membres de l'Union Européenne". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010260/document.
Texto completoProcedural autonomy is a term often misused when talking about the very real phenomenon “judicial subsidiarity”. It is more accurate to talk in terms of competence considering the principle of subsidiarity regulates the role they play between Member States and the Union. As such, when discussing judicial subsidiarity in relation to the procedural aspects of implementing EU law, one should talk about procedural competence. This change in meaning ultimately leads to a revision of all relevant case law. Such a review brings to light a number of elements that, when juxtaposed, reveal an overarching rationale behind the Court's rare law. First, both equivalence and effectivity, long perceived as regulators of procedural competence national judges, are not in fact principles but criteria. Furthermore, they are not the only regulating criteria as the right to an effective judicial protection also comes into play. It then becomes apparent that effectivity is an obstacle to EU law having primacy over national law. Moreover, for a long time the ECJ has taken into account requests made by Member States to, on occasion, bypass the criteria of effectivity. As such, the ECJ accepts that national identity can serve as corrective justification of the very content of effectivity. In other words, Member States can put forward more and more arguments in the name of “public interest” to justify non-compliance with EU law effectivity
Le, Baut-Ferrarèse Bernadette. "La Communauté européenne et l'autonomie institutionnelle et procédurale des états membres". Lyon 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO3A001.
Texto completoTerrier, Constance. "L' influence de la construction européenne sur les systèmes de partis des états membres". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010281.
Texto completoDumas, Perrine. "L'accès des ressortissants des pays tiers au territoire des États membres de l'Union européenne". Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUED001.
Texto completoThe access policy to European Union states’ territories by htirs country nationals consists of two separate bodies of rules : while the first one aims at restrincting the migration of of non EU nationals by means of an access control model, the second one leans towards fostering the mobility of those nationals of priviledged or protected third-countries by granting them access rights. Those two regimes have been shown to be of paramount importance for their contribution to European integration and the protection of non-EU nationals rights as they deal with people’s movements on a given territory with the ultimate goal of achieving free movements of persons. Those regimes have been built up independently with distinctive frameworks and according to different modalities but are contradictory in their content, which leads to challenges in terms of consistency in access policy
Carotenuto, Christine. "La participation de la communauté européenne et de ses états membres aux organisations internationales". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR30017.
Texto completoThis study aims to show the diversity of the European community participation within the framework of international organizations. It is also important to evaluate the intensity of European community participation throught the study of how it exercises its competences within international organizations. As a matter of fact, a divergence may exist between the formal status the Community has in those organizations and the effective exercise of its competences by the European community. First, it is necessary to qualify the different status of the European community within the framework of international organizations, as observer, as "full participant" and as member. Despite its evolution and development, the international legal condition of the Community remains heterogeneous. Indeed, it non only depends on the scope of the Community's competences but also on the rules of the international organizations themselves without considering political aspects, which in fact play a decisive role. Second, the following questions are studied. Are pragmatic arrangements sufficient to ensure unitary representation of the Community and the Member states in the international sphere? Or is it necessary to codify the exercise of the competences of the European community and the Member states from the negociation process up to the process of implementation?
Lehmann, Pierre-Etienne. "Réflexions sur la nature de l'Union Européenne à partir du respect de l'identité nationale des Etats membres". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0323/document.
Texto completoAccording to the European motto, « United in diversity », European construction would aim at an ever closer union among member States and their people without threatening their existence. Thus, such a formula seems to place the principle of national identity’s respect at the heart of the relationships between member States and the European Union (EU). Indeed, national identity is the synthesis of fundamental characteristics of each European nation, which both differentiates each State and reflects useful homogeneity between members of the same community. The respect of this identity participates to the preservation of States’ existence, but also to the evolution of the EU itself. The requirement of identity preservation was certainly first formulated at the national level, when States threatened to unilaterally protect their constitutional identity against EU law. Yet, national identity’s respect has changed from a sovereign State demand to an notion of Union law. Although it entered the scope of ECJ competence recently, it has already visible consequences on the European construction. It has even become a principle of interpretation and a way to justify an obstacle to trade autonomously. It highlights the originality of EU nature and functioning, in contributing not only to limit the sovereign resistance of States, but also to make legal pluralism emerge. Furthermore, it tends to reinforce this originality, on the one hand, by underpinning the development of a member States specific status, giving it a right to have its specific features respected, and, on the other hand, by strengthening constitutionalisation of EU identity based on the common elements of national constitutional identities. As a consequence, this principle shows the originality of European construction by being not only its results, but also one of its sources
Gehl, Fabien [Verfasser]. "La négociation des accords OMC par la Communauté européenne et ses États membres / Fabien Gehl". Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/115651696X/34.
Texto completoMainnevret, Romain. "Le contrôle juridictionnel du respect par les États membres des droits fondamentaux garantis par l'Union européenne". Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMD009.
Texto completoThis thesis demonstrates the existence of a genuine judicial review of compliance by Member States regarding fundamental rights guaranteed by the European Union. It is based mainly on the reasoning that this control has been reinforced, in line with the integration process characterizing the Union's legal system; French law, as a constituent right of this system, is studied. Historically, the Court of Justice started to produce the reference standards for control by means of the reference for a preliminary ruling, allowing them to progressively emerge, adhering to the scope of EU law. This framework is, in principle, the scope of its exercise. The integrative strengthening of the review, inseparable from these legal bases, entails the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon and the binding legal force of the Charter of Fundamental Rights.. The recognition of review in “dispositional” law is a strong illustration of this. It has continued with this expansion, initiated by this treaty, and also brought about by different judges within the Union’s legal system. This has weakened the principle of its exercise within the scope of the Union’s law. Furthermore, this strengthening has been amplified by an overall consolidation of the courts’ review function. Indeed, it’s common law judges – in principle, ordinary national judges – who operate as a review on developments, in particular; a contrario, the Court of Justice has not had much of a chance to do so within the framework of this action, failing to fulfil its obligations. Yet, - the demonstration continues – new review bodies emerge. These will be the constitutional judge, and in the longer term, the European Court of Human Rights
Loubeyre, Alix. "Le droit européen des migrations et la confiance mutuelle entre les États membres de l'Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D028.
Texto completoThe question of the existence and preservation of mutual trust is essential in understanding the current dysfunctions of the European migration policy and the significant difficulties in implementing EU law in this area. EU migration law requires direct cooperation between the national authorities responsible for asylum, border control, entry, stay, and return of migrants in the European Union. These national authorities need to have confidence in each other's ability and willingness to meet their European obligations in the field of migration. This kind of mutual trust between the authorities has important consequences for the situation of migrants at the Union's borders, and within its territory. Mutual trust is defined in the thesis as a combination of two presumptions. First, that national systems are equivalent to each other, and second, that they are all in conformity with Union law and in particular with its fundamental values as referred to in Article 2 TFEU. This thesis analyses the dysfunctions of the common migration policy under the prism of mutual trust and aims to demonstrate that EU law has so far been unable to build the ‘systemic convergence’ necessary to ensure it
Boskovits, Kosmas. "Le juge communautaire et l'articulation des compétences normatives entre la communauté européenne et ses états membres". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR30006.
Texto completoThe object of this study consists in examining the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European communities relating to the demarcation of normative competences between the Community institutions and national authorities. Within the community legal order, the Court of Justice assumes the functions of a Constitutional court invested with the task of umpiring the proper balance of powers between the Community and its component entities. The first major aspect of the case-law concerns the contribution of the Court of Justice to the formation of a global system of competences which facilitates the effective attainment of the objectives set out by the EC treaty. The second major feature of the judicial umpiring of the division of powers concerns the decisive role played by the Court of Justice in safeguarding the essential checks and balances inherent in the Community system
Rousset, Damien. "L'étranger en situation irrégulière dans les états membres de l'Union Européenne : Entre police de l'immigration et droits fondamentaux". Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL20012.
Texto completoEstablishing the status of illegal migrants in the European Union member States fits into the framework of a conflict, where the necessities of immigration policing put forward by these States to justify their struggle against illegal immigration often clash with the necessities of respecting the fundamental rights from which illegal migrants normally benefit in these States. Thus, to analyse this status, it is possible to concentrate on this conflict, asking, firstly, what is its scope and, secondly, how it can be solved. Answering this two questions, the study reveals some drifts for wich the European Union member States are responsible determining the status of illegal migrants. Furthermore, their differences in approach, wich are often obvious in this field, sometimes make harmonization of their law difficult to envisage
Sauron, Jean-Luc. "Les "interventions" des états membres dans les renvois préjudiciels de l'article 177 du traité CEE". Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100220.
Texto completoThe analysis of the observational statements made by the member states within the context of appeals in pursuance with article 177 of the EC treaty (confirmed by the study of the statement made within the context of a recourse because of a breach of article 169) allows us to discern three grounds for intervention: - interpretation of the community's law; - the promotion of the judicial model of the member state; - the defense of the internal legislation of the state member. There is a hierarchy within these three reasons: first, the promotion of the judicial model of the member state, the defense of its internal legislation and, for a minority, the interpretation of the community's law. This first analysis is confirmed by the reading of the reform project of the procedure of article 177 of the EC treaty. Thus in 1978 the British government presented a reform project seeking to modify the course of the procedure of article 177, to bring it closer to that of the mechanism of adoption of "common positions" within the counsel. The German and French governments have tried for their part to limit the access of the parties to the procedure of article 177. But these two logics concerning reform can be better explained by the will of preparing according to the national judicial model of judicial reasoning by the (British) court of justice or by the necessity not to question internal (French and German) judicial situations than by partaking in an interpretation of the community's law
Peyré, Olivier. "La contribution des programmes d’échanges académiques à l’ambition internationale des États-Unis d’Amérique et de l’Union Européenne : Une analyse comparée". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10053/document.
Texto completoOver the last two decades, educational exchange programs have emerged as real stakes for foreign affairs policy due to the effects they produce on knowledge economy and on transnational relations. This research focuses on United States of America and on European Union practices. It combines a behaviouralist methodology applied on observable traits, with a systemic approach drawn from Sociology of International Relations, which encompasses key actors and factors from the environment. Studying how these two kinds of actors on the international political stage offer their own exchange programs to the rest of the world, the dissertation demonstrates the ability to reveal the strategy they are using to influence the global system. Then, the research investigates the American and European decision framework, questioning historical, political and global levels. The result sheds light on the US leadership and the European potential. The United States have been conducting a proactive policy since 1945, targeting categories of high profile people. They uphold their attractiveness over foreign public opinions. In comparison, the European Union first had to achieve the preliminary steps of its political integration process. Henceforth, by setting up the European Higher Education Area and thanks to a number of ambitious exchange programs, it has become a real competitor. Due to very humanistic oriented goals, the E.U. position might be seen as idealistic compared with the standpoint that prevails in the U.S. However, this could possibly herald a “diplomacy by education” paving the way to forthcoming international relations
Dongois, Nathalie. "La légalisation contrôlée de la drogue : contribution à l'étude des rapports entre les états membres et l'union européenne". Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21008.
Texto completoLambert, Michael. "De Prague à Riga : stratégies de mise en place du soft power de l’Union européenne dans les États du Partenariat oriental". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040172.
Texto completoThe states of the Eastern Partnership (Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan) and the separatist territories therein (Transnistria, Republic of Donbas, Crimea, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Nagorno-Karabakh) have to determine their membership in a geopolitical entity to ensure their prosperity and safety. Due to the difficulties to survive as non-aligned countries and pressures fromBrussels and Moscow, all of them either have to join the European Union, the Eurasian (Economic) Union or to establish an exclusivepartnership with China in the upcoming years.Pressure from the EU and Russia is based on the desire of the EU to emerge as a global geopolitical power, particularly pushed by theUnited States to counterbalance the influence of Russia, and the will of the Kremlin to retain its influence in what is presented in theRussian media as the “legitimate sphere of influence”, even more than 25 years after the fall of the Soviet Union.The PhD dissertation analyzes the political divergences between EU member states, with the “normalizing approach” of WesternEuropean countries that seek a compromise with Russia, and those from Eastern Europe currently trying to use the European institutionsas a means to become regional powers.The Eastern Partnership launched by Poland and Sweden in 2008 embodies these two, sometimes contradictory tendencies through theimplementation of EU’s strategies of influence - the EU’s soft power - in post-Soviet space. Nonetheless, those strategies are oftenundermined by members of the EaP, which abundantly divert funds from the EU, because of the corruption of local institutions. At thesame time, Russia is also trying to regain its influence, sometimes even by using military means - the so called Russian hard power - asshown by the annexation of the Crimea and the establishment of peacekeeping missions in South Caucasus.While the European Union hardly exerts its influence in a post-2008 economic crisis context, Russia seems to have developed new waysto weaken its opponents. Hybrid warfare, weaponizing of refugees, pushed by massive bombings in Syria, and the establishment of theEurasian Economic Union are under the most efficient ways to weaken the EU and NATO so far
Fritz, Vera. "Contribution à l’histoire de la Cour de Justice de l’Union européenne à travers des biographies historiques de ses premiers membres (1952 – 1972)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3062.
Texto completoThis Ph.D. thesis contributes to the new history of European law by proposing the results of in-depth biographical research on the first judges, advocates general and registrar who worked at the European Court of Justice during the first twenty years of its existence (1952 - 1972). Firstly, it sheds new light on the professional and personal trajectories of the Court's pioneers and of those who pronounced some of its most commented judgments, those who laid the foundation of the 'constitutionalization' of the European legal order. Secondly, it leans on the collected biographical data in order to bring to the surface new elements of knowledge on three precise points with regard to a question which political scientists have been interested in for two decades - and which now also historians address: how did the European Court of Justice, from the 1960s onwards, succeed in seriously limiting the Member States' sovereignty, especially by imposing the principle of primacy of European law, without provoking a rebellion by national decision-makers? It first of all analyzes the nomination process of the first judges and advocates general, in order to establish whether governments did, or did not, use the appointment mechanism to curb down ECJ activism. It then studies the members of the Court's views and convictions with regard to European integration and their role in the European Communities. Finally, it looks at the political affiliations of the first members of the Court of Justice and their unofficial interactions with national decision-makers
Caune, Hélène. "Les États providence sont aussi des États membres : comparaison des logiques nationales de l’européanisation des politiques de l’emploi en France et au Portugal". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0048/document.
Texto completoThe literature on employment policies has mainly focused on national variables in order to explain change. This research studies the degree of openness of national boundaries in a European context. By adopting an interactionist approach of Europeanization, it first explains how European institutions have defined a model of flexicurity that combines flexibility on the labor markets and security for the workers, whereas these two characteristics have long been considered incompatible. Then the research compares the recent evolution of two social protection systems that did not fit with the flexicurity framework and have nevertheless implemented employment policy reforms in line with European requirements. To explain the link between European demands and national reforms, this research underlines two mechanisms. First, it shows that national spheres are embedded in a broader context that strengthens the competition between welfare models but has a different impact on national spheres (the “national delay issue” in Portugal and the “specificities of the French model” in France). Then, in both cases, the political and administrative actors have tried to depoliticize policy reforms by mobilizing academic expertise. The different modalities of expert interventions crucially influence trade unions’ capacities to participate in the framing of national reforms. All in all, the thesis shows that national boundaries are challenged but have not disappeared. Even though it becomes difficult for them to act independently, national political leaders tend to develop strategies to preserve their autonomy
Lambert, Michael. "De Prague à Riga : stratégies de mise en place du soft power de l’Union européenne dans les États du Partenariat oriental". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040172.
Texto completoThe states of the Eastern Partnership (Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan) and the separatist territories therein (Transnistria, Republic of Donbas, Crimea, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Nagorno-Karabakh) have to determine their membership in a geopolitical entity to ensure their prosperity and safety. Due to the difficulties to survive as non-aligned countries and pressures fromBrussels and Moscow, all of them either have to join the European Union, the Eurasian (Economic) Union or to establish an exclusivepartnership with China in the upcoming years.Pressure from the EU and Russia is based on the desire of the EU to emerge as a global geopolitical power, particularly pushed by theUnited States to counterbalance the influence of Russia, and the will of the Kremlin to retain its influence in what is presented in theRussian media as the “legitimate sphere of influence”, even more than 25 years after the fall of the Soviet Union.The PhD dissertation analyzes the political divergences between EU member states, with the “normalizing approach” of WesternEuropean countries that seek a compromise with Russia, and those from Eastern Europe currently trying to use the European institutionsas a means to become regional powers.The Eastern Partnership launched by Poland and Sweden in 2008 embodies these two, sometimes contradictory tendencies through theimplementation of EU’s strategies of influence - the EU’s soft power - in post-Soviet space. Nonetheless, those strategies are oftenundermined by members of the EaP, which abundantly divert funds from the EU, because of the corruption of local institutions. At thesame time, Russia is also trying to regain its influence, sometimes even by using military means - the so called Russian hard power - asshown by the annexation of the Crimea and the establishment of peacekeeping missions in South Caucasus.While the European Union hardly exerts its influence in a post-2008 economic crisis context, Russia seems to have developed new waysto weaken its opponents. Hybrid warfare, weaponizing of refugees, pushed by massive bombings in Syria, and the establishment of theEurasian Economic Union are under the most efficient ways to weaken the EU and NATO so far
Ecochard, Bertrand. "La responsabilité des états membres de l'Union européenne à l'égard de la CEDH du fait du droit communautaire". Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10040.
Texto completoSabourin, Amandine. "Des politiques nationales à une politique communautaire de coopération au développement : Jeux de pouvoir et conflits d’intérêts entre l’Union européenne et ses Etats membres". Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0574/document.
Texto completoThis dissertation analyses a public policy in an international field of action: the development cooperation. the study focuses in particular on the emergence of the european community policy of development cooperation and its assertion towards european national policies. using a qualitative methodology, this research aims to improve the understanding of the motivation and the processes at stake within the european union. the field analysis has led to observe both how the development policy in the caribbean ras been thought and built, and how this process may rave an impact on the european integration process itself. from the empowerment of a policy to the harmonisation of national policies, this process carries also consequences on the system of actors, which ras been reconstructed by those changes. as a result, the european integration process has been strengthened in a field where the competence is generally shared between the eu and its member states. bringing out some new or renewed tools of public action, this outlines also some of the signs or provisions of the forthcoming legal and political framework, set up by the 2009 lisbon treaty
Nguiyan, Fils Dieu Le Fit. "La compétition des droits dans l’Union Européenne : étude de droit des sociétés et de droit des contrats". Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131033.
Texto completoSince the publication of the first Doing Business reports issued by the World Bank, that ranked the different States according to the economic attractiveness of their laws, interest in regulatory competition has increased. Extensive research on the topic were conducted in order to contest or to bear witness of national laws competitiveness. The phenomenon projected however does not reflect the reality when the challenge involves regulatory models or law rules competition.Competition between the civil law model and the Anglo-American model seems real. Each model seeks to expand its influence outside the European Union either in the developing countries or in the emerging democracies. Within the European Union itself, each project represents an opportunity for both the legal cultures to make competition. It is thereforenecessary for the French law to weight the risks and benefits in order to preserve and stretch out its international influence.Regulatory competition seems questionable. The principles of freedom of establishment, free movement of goods and freedom to provide services inside the European Union create suitable conditions to set in motion regulatory competition. About contractual matters, liberalisation of choice-of-law and jurisdictions clauses, as well as the developmentof arbitration can foster economic actors to bypass imperative rules. The analysis of empirical data did not though confirm the existence of competition between the States as far as companies’ laws and contracts law are concerned.The benefit-cost analysis of the various opportunities has enabled us to explain the reluctance of the law rules competition actors on one hand, and encourage the French law to focus mainly on law models competition on the other hand
Dubos, Olivier. "Les juridictions nationales, juge communautaire : contribution à l'étude de la fonction juridictionnelle dans les États membres de l'Union européenne". Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40041.
Texto completoZarrella, Silvia. "Le principe de solidarité et de partage équitable de responsabilités en matière d'asile entre les États membres de l'Union Européenne". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA014/document.
Texto completoThe massive flow of refugees from Syria caught out the reception capacity of some Euro-Mediterranean countries, and highlighted the lack of solidarity and fair sharing of responsibilities among the States of the European Union. Firstly, this study defines the concept of "burden-sharing" conceived as a concrete measure of solidarity to be accomplished through the distribution of risks and costs among the members of a group in order to achieve a common goal. After analyzing the evolution of this principle in international law, we evaluate its implementation in the legal order of the European Union, particularly in the European Common Asylum System (CEAS) as enshrined in Article 80 TFEU. By assessing the Dublin system and the most current answers to the Syrian emergence, we will argue that the European Union is still far from the full realization of the principle of burden sharing
Jeans, Emmanuelle. "Procédures préalables aux études cliniques dans l'Union européenne : situation présente dans les États membres actuels et potentiels, et projet d'harmonisation". Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P092.
Texto completoPayet, Dorothée. "L'entité territoriale infra-étatique dans la jurisprudence de l'Union européenne. La Cour de justice de l'Union européenne face à la dimension régionale et locale des États membres". Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0029.
Texto completoThe infra-State body represents a pluriform institutional reality and a fragmented geographical reality of the regional and local dimension in EU Member States. Its European legal status is appeared in large part under jurisdictional impetus. The review of the case law of the Court allows to identify and to characterize this legal status. We note that European legal status of the regional or local authority is ambivalent and hybrid in character because of this specificities of the legal system of the European Union. On the one hand, the regional or local authority is assimilated sometimes to the status of the EU Member States, sometimes to the status of the individuals. That ambivalence in terms of legal status, as a subject to European law, cornes from the specificities of the mission of the Court. The Court must be insuring the primacy of European law into national legal systems and into the legal order of the European Union. On the other hand, the Court should consider the requirements of the regional and local dimension of EU Member State. The infra-State body is as an object to EU regulation. The normative action of the regional or local authority is supervised with a view to european integration, and at the same time, a special normative body for overseas regions has developed. We note that the Court contributes to define the normative corpus applying to the regional and local dimension in EU Member States
Gourdin-Lamblin, Anne-Sophie. "Un aspect de la protection de la propriété intellectuelle dans le cadre des douze états membres de la Commununauté européenne : le brevet". Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL20013.
Texto completoThe european community needs an appropriate systeme of legal guarantees, and especially a personnal system of patent,to master new technologies and so to keep its economical and political independance. At the moment, the protection given to inventions in the community territory is not efficient by the lack of a unified patent system and the addition of different legislations in spite of the harmonisation's efforts within international organisations. This situation, which is the result of the treaty's silence, of the contradiction between intellectual property rights and communautary principles and, mainly, of the member states'opposition, is no more acceptable when the community tries to develop a european technology. Nevertheless, there are hopes of improvments. The community develops efforts to determine spicifical rights to protect new technologies. At the same time, the negociations try to give effect to the luxembourg convention on the community patent. Unfortunately, whereas intellectual property's stakes become clear and fundamental, intellectual property rights have been introduced in the gatt negociations, the lack of political will to elaborate a community system of patent delay the ameliorations. The way inventions are protected by patents in the community reveals that economical integration is not relieved by legal integration. The thesis presents
Xefteri, Stamatina. "Les directives européennes, instrument juridique des autorités administratives nationales". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020022.
Texto completoEuropean Union directives have always been considered as a legal instrument relied upon by individuals vis-à-vis a defaulting Member State. The right to rely on directives as well as their application are examined under the sole lens of the rights of the litigants. Contrary to this perspective, the present study aims to demonstrate that directives become a legal means of intervention in the domestic legal order, insofar as national authorities rely on and apply them in their relations with citizens and other national or European authorities. The emergence of secondary legislation has disrupted the hierarchy of norms, as well as reshaped the obligations imposed on the administrative authorities. On the basis of the primacy of European Union law and the imperative of efficiency in all Member States, the legality of national rules requires compliance with directives. Thus, directives claim their place among the conventional parameters of legality, but they also come in conflict with the latter at times or even replace any national rule to the contrary effect. However, the directive as an instrument is not only a source of supranational law in the hands of the administration to be applied passively, but also a European standard used to serve its own purposes, as well as the objectives pursued by the European Union. In fact, the evolution of European and administrative case-law has not only led to a strengthening of the obligations of the administration, but has also amplified the forms of relying on a directive to the benefit of the administration and recognized the autonomy of the administrative authorities over the legislature as far as the implementation of directives is concerned. These elements reveal the particularly dynamic role of all the administrative authorities acting within the scope of the directives, in their transposition and implementation in the national legal orders
Hervé, Karine. "Une nouvelle approche du taux de change d'équilibre à partir des équations du commerce extérieur : une application aux grands pays industrialisés et aux nouveaux états membres de l'Union européenne". Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131022.
Texto completoThe purpose of this PhD thesis is to estimate the equilibrium exchange rates for the major industrialised countries (the United States, the euro area, Japan and the United Kingdom) and the new Member States of the European Union (EU). Drawing on a critical analysis of the literature on equilibrium exchange rates, we focus on the approach based on trade equations and enrich it. The contribution of the thesis is both empirical and methodological. First, we develop a computation method that aims to adhere to the bilateral exchange rate constraint and minimise the gap between the target rates set ex ante and those observed ex post. Second, we estimate external trade elasticities that take due account of the long-term country asymmetries and of the specificities of the aggregated euro area. Third, we analyse and quantify the impact of current account balances on equilibrium exchange rates, using an application on the new EU Member States. We derive from this computation an analysis that highlights the large misalignments experienced by the nominal exchange rates of major currencies, which reflect the magnitude of the current account imbalances in these economies. The huge current account deficit of the United States has resulted in particular in a high overvaluation of the dollar. As far as the new EU Member States are concerned, the risks stemming from a rapid integration in the euro area should be highlighted. It seems therefore all the more appropriate that these countries keep some leeway with respect to their fiscal and current imbalances, given their huge financing needs
Schmied, Frédéric. "Les effets des accords de l'OMC dans l'ordre juridique de l'Union Européenne et de ses États membres : l'invocabilité au service de l'influence de l'Union sur la mondialisation du droit". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN20012.
Texto completoMassaux, Alexandre. "Partenaires ou adversaires : évolution des relations entre les membres de l'OTAN et la Russie au XXIème siècle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0129.
Texto completoVladimir Putin's rise to power marks a political turning point for Russia. This country, which experienced a loss of control on the international scene during the 1990s, now displays a desire to regain its historic place as a great nation. Faced with it is NATO, formerly created to oppose the USSR. After the Cold War, this defenseorganization expanded into the former Soviet space with the accession of the Central and Eastern European states. Such a situation combined with the Russian strategy of regaining power, especially in its neighbor, is causing tensions to return. However, it seems wrong to consider NATO as a single bloc. Indeed, the alliance take its decisions unanimously, so it seems relevant to analyze the policy between NATO and Russia through the bilateral relations of the members of the organization. The combination of these elements on the international scene brings either a rapprochement based on shared interests or a confrontation based on differences. This analysis makes it possible to highlight the political, economic, and security dynamics leading to a balance of powers, both European and global
Jacquier, Kristel. "The economic drivers of public support for the european union : an empirical analysis on survey data". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E029/document.
Texto completoThe present dissertation uses recent data to identify continuities and ruptures in the perception of the European Union held by European citizens. We especially question the extent to which economic drivers shape public support for the European Union. New data sources are used to carry out the empirical analysis in our study. The dependant variables in each chapters are designed to identify precise aspects o public support. From a theoretical perspective, our findings confirm that regardless of the dependent variable and the method used, a sizeable majority of EU citizens are supportive of the EU, while the other half of the European population appears as uncertain. This broa cleavage is explained to a large extend by socioeconomic determinants. Highly skilled respondents with high incomes display more proEU attitudes in each of the dimensions of public support considered in the empirical analysis. Alongside this result, which is already wellknown in the literature, the present dissertation emphasizes several limitations to the explanatory power of economic variables. ln the first chapter, we show that, to distinguish between individuals hostile to the idea of European integration and those who are only uncertain (or ambivalent), the domestic political offer should be taken into account. Chapter two highlights the fact that economic variables do not explain affective support i.e. diffuse support, stable over time which is crucial to the legitimacy of European institutions and to ensure the continuity of the EU. Finally, in the last chapter, it appears that the theoretical frameworks applied to former member states cannot be applied to new member states
Gaye, Kadiata. "La nécessaire amélioration de la situation juridique de tous les travailleurs migrants dans l'union européenne quelque soit leur Etat d'origine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH35.
Texto completoWithin the EU, migrant workers are nationals of Member States and third countries. But the rules that apply to them are very different. Workers who are nationals of the Member States have a privileged status linked to the free movement and citizenship of the EU. However, they face discrimination, exacerbated by disparities in national legislation and the economic crisis. The picture is even less striking for workers who are nationals of third countries. At their level, discrimination on several levels is linked to the multiplicity of the statutes of third-country nationals. The scattering of the applicable rules between national laws, EU law and international agreements generate a legislative and regulatory imbroglio. The segmentation of the law applicable to migrant workers thus leads to disparities in treatment and competition between workers. The improvement of their legal situation is therefore necessary. It can be achieved through the harmonization of the status of all migrant workers: a source of social cohesion and equality. It involves equal treatment of workers, which is necessary for access to employment, normal family life, the enjoyment of social benefits and participation in the management of the city. Pending the adoption of European citizenship of residence which would greatly reduce the scattering of rules and discrimination, the quest for equality will require the acquisition of the nationality of the host country. In principle, the rights inherent in nationality remain the best guarantee of equal treatment
Patok, Malgorzata. "Les stéréotypes nationaux dans le cadre de l'intégration européenne : le cas des travailleurs polonais en France". Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H009.
Texto completoThe European Union integration policy offers new opportunities for its citizens in the community labour market. Nevertheless, despite all EU strategies to achieve it, resistance to European integration is inevitable. It is important to ask the question of whether or not problems concerning EU integration can be solved during current crises in Europe. One of the most important reasons for resistance to integration may be due to the way different EU member state populations perceive one another in a social context. The stereotype of the "Polish plumber", one that was widely propagated by the French media, gives us one such example. This symbol of social dumping appeared first in France in 2005, just before the referendum on EU Constitution. Behind this depiction, is the western EU’s anxiety of mass immigration from EU Central and Eastern European member states. Here it is important to closely examine the European immigrants and whether or not the societal portrayal of them has had an effect on their societal integration in France today. We focus on the obstacles of the European integration. The purpose of this research is particularly to study social representations and their impact on social practices, which distinguish our analysis from other migration and integration studies. The worker’s own perception of himself within French society should be taken into consideration as a response to the supranational structure of the European Union. The focus of this research will be placed on Polish immigrants in France who are entirely employed in low-skilled labour and the stereotypes they currently face. The stereotypes of Polish workers in France are then tabled and analysed in order to better understand the impact certain stereotypes and depictions have on the process of integration into French society. This research will also identify the societal consequences that certain EU policies have had as well on integration. The research involves three different approaches in order to understand the power of social representations and their impact on the integration process: a Polish worker and the Polish social circle in France, a Polish worker and the French society and a Polish worker and the European Union. Our analysis identifies two crucial points: the European market and the borders opening caused the Polish workers’ consciousness changing towards the emergence of a sense of equality and freedom; the possibility of choice allows the Polish immigrant to construct a project for the future, in France or in Poland, which determines the motivation to adapt and to integrate into the host society
Cuenoud, Thibault. "Crises financières et fondamentaux macroéconomiques : une relation ambivalente". Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT4003/document.
Texto completoAs part of the analysis of financial crises in emerging countries, many studies have come to explain the occurrence of such phenomena. However, developments occur without enrolling in research already available (Brazil, South Korea and countries in Central and Eastern Europe mainly). In reference to this literature, the thesis in turn raises the question of the impact of financial contagion on the degradation of macro-economic fundamentals and emerging countries' financial might initially be regarded as "robust." The answer lies in the identification of key components of financial crises to extract the limits against the hypothesis raised. The description of the strategies of economic recovery, by the international financial market integration, is the source of potential vulnerabilities in the contagion. The unstable structure of international debt, with the financial instability hypothesis of Minsky (1974), will provide the theoretical elements necessary for modeling of empirical facts. The first generation of currency crises will conceptualize capital flight by assigning responsibility for the liquidity squeeze in the world. In the transition they currently operate with a view to joining EMU, the Central and Eastern Europe countries cannot be considered safe from the occurrence of financial crises, even if they have favorable impacts associated with stabilizers membership in the EU. But then they have robust macroeconomic factors and macro-financial enough to ward off the economic impact of any pressure by contagion? The empirical part of the thesis should answer the question through analytical and econometric modeling