Tesis sobre el tema "Estimation de terme source"
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Rajaona, Harizo. "Inférence bayésienne adaptative pour la reconstruction de source en dispersion atmosphérique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10120/document.
Texto completoIn atmospheric physics, reconstructing a pollution source is a challenging but important question : it provides better input parameters to dispersion models, and gives useful information to first-responder teams in case of an accidental toxic release.Various methods already exist, but using them requires an important amount of computational resources, especially as the accuracy of the dispersion model increases. A minimal degree of precision for these models remains necessary, particularly in urban scenarios where the presence of obstacles and the unstationary meteorology have to be taken into account. One has also to account for all factors of uncertainty, from the observations and for the estimation. The topic of this thesis is the construction of a source term estimation method based on adaptive Bayesian inference and Monte Carlo methods. First, we describe the context of the problem and the existing methods. Next, we go into more details on the Bayesian formulation, focusing on adaptive importance sampling methods, especially on the AMIS algorithm. The third chapter presents an application of the AMIS to an experimental case study, and illustrates the mechanisms behind the estimation process that provides the source parameters’ posterior density. Finally, the fourth chapter underlines an improvement of how the dispersion computations can be processed, thus allowing a considerable gain in computation time, and giving room for using a more complex dispersion model on both rural and urban use cases
Jin, Bei. "Conditional source-term estimation methods for turbulent reacting flows". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/232.
Texto completoSalehi, Mohammad Mahdi. "Numerical simulation of turbulent premixed flames with conditional source-term estimation". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42775.
Texto completoNivarti, Girish Venkata. "Combustion modelling in spark-ignition engines using conditional source-term estimation". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44838.
Texto completoMechhoud, Sarah. "Estimation de la diffusion thermique et du terme source du modèle de transport de la chaleur dans les plasmas de tokamaks". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954183.
Texto completoWang, Mei. "Combustion modeling using conditional source-term estimation with flamelet decomposition and low-dimensional manifolds". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31181.
Texto completoScience, Faculty of
Mathematics, Department of
Graduate
Tobias, Brännvall. "Source Term Estimation in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer : Using the adjoint of the Reynolds Averaged Scalar Transport equation". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103671.
Texto completoDetta arbete utvärderar hurvida Reynolds medelvärdesmodellering inom flödessimuleringar kan användas till att finna källan till en viss gas baserat på verkliga mätningar ute i fält. Metoden går ut på att använda den adjungerade ekvationen till Reynolds tidsmedlade skalära transportekvationen, beskriven och härledd häri. Då bakåtmodellen bygger på framåtmodellen, måste såleds framåtmodellen utvärderas först. Navier-Stokes ekvationer med en turbulensmodell löses i en domän, innehållandes 4 kuber i en 2x2 orientering, för vilken en hastighetsprofil erhålles. Turbulensmodellen som användes är en union av två olika k-ε modeller, där den ena fångar turbulens runt tröga objekt och den andra som modellerar atmosfäriska gränsskiktet. Detta fält används sedan i framåtmodellen av skalära transportekvationen, som sedan jämförs med körningar från EnFlo windtunneln i Surrey. Slutligen testkörs även den adjungerade ekvationen, både för syntetiskt data genererat i framåtkörningen men även för data från EnFlo tunneln. Då det visade sig att det turbulenta Schmidttalet spelar stor roll inom spridning i det atmosfäriska gränsskiktet, gjordes testkörningar med tre olika Schmidttal, det normala 0.7, det väldigt låga talet 0.3 samt ett höjdberoende Schmidttal. Det visade sig att det vanligtvis använda talet 0.7 inte alls lyckas fånga spridningen tillfredställande och gav ett stort modellfel. Därför löstes den adjungerade ekvationen för 0.3 samt för ett höjdberoende Schmidttal. Interaktionen mellan mätningar, den riktiga källstyrkan (som är okänd i den adjungerade ekvationen) samt källpositionen är onekligen intrikat. Över- samt underestimationer av framåtmodellen kan ta ut varandra i bakåtmodellen för att finna rätt källa, med rätt källstyrka. Det ter sig som Reynolds turbulensmodellering mycket möjligt kan användas inom källtermsuppskattning.
Lopez, Ferber Roman. "Approches RBF-FD pour la modélisation de la pollution atmosphérique urbaine et l'estimation de sources". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT006.
Texto completoSince the industrial era, cities have been affected by air pollution due to the density of industry, vehicle traffic and the density of combustion heaters. Urban air pollution has health consequences that are of increasing concern to both public authorities and the general public. This pollution can aggravate asthma and cardiovascular problems. The aim of this thesis is to locate and quantify sources of urban pollution using a dense network of noisy measurements. We have chosen to develop methods for estimating pollution sources based on physical models of pollutant dispersion. The estimation of pollution sources is therefore constrained by knowledge of the physics of the dispersion phenomenon. This thesis therefore focuses on the numerical modelling of pollutant dispersion in an urban environment and on the estimation of source terms.Because of the many constraints imposed on pollutant flows by urban buildings, the physics of dispersion is represented by computationally expensive numerical models.We have developed a numerical dispersion model based on the Finite Difference method supported by Radial Basis Functions (RBF-FD). These approaches are known to be computationally frugal and suitable for handling simulation domains with complex geometries. Our RBF-FD model can handle both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) problems. We compared this model with a 2D analytical model, and qualitatively compared our 3D model with a reference numerical model.Source estimation experiments were then carried out. They consider numerous noisy measurements in order to estimate any source term over the entire simulation domain. The various studies carried out involve twin experiments: we ourselves generate measurements simulated by a numerical model and evaluate the performance of the estimates. After testing a machine-learning approach on a one-dimensional steady-state case, we tested source term estimation methods on three-dimensional steady-state and transient cases, considering geometries without and with the presence of obstacles. We tested estimates using an original adjoint method, then an original estimation method inspired by physics-informed machine learning (PIML) and finally a Kalman filter. The PIML-inspired approach, which is currently being tested in a stationary regime, produces an estimation quality comparable to that of the Kalman filter (where the latter considers a transient dispersion regime with a stationary source). The PIML-inspired approach directly exploits the frugality of the RBF-FD direct computation model, which makes it a promising method for source estimates over large computational domains
Tsui, Hong P. "Turbulent premixed combustion simulation with Conditional Source-term Estimation and Linear-Eddy Model formulated PDF and SDR models". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60295.
Texto completoApplied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
Sakarya, Fatma Ayhan. "Passive source location estimation". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13714.
Texto completoNguyen, Thanh Don. "Impact de la résolution et de la précision de la topographie sur la modélisation de la dynamique d’invasion d’une crue en plaine inondable". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0093/document.
Texto completoWe analyze in this thesis various aspects associated with the modeling of free surface flows in shallow water approximation. We first study the system of Saint-Venant equations in two dimensions and its resolution with the numerical finite volumes method, focusing in particular on aspects hyperbolic and conservative. These schemes can process stationary equilibria, wetdry interfaces and model subcritical, transcritical and supercritical flows. After, we present the variational data assimilation method theory fitted to this kind of flow. Its application through sensitivity studies is fully discussed in the context of free surface water. After this theoretical part, we test the qualification of numerical methods implemented in the code Dassflow, developed at the University of Toulouse, mainly at l'IMT, but also at IMFT. This code solves the Shallow Water equations by finite volume method and is validated by comparison with analytical solutions for standard test cases. These results are compared with another hydraulic free surface flow code using finite elements in two dimensions: Telemac2D. A significant feature of the Dassflow code is to allow variational data assimilation using the adjoint method for calculating the cost function gradient. The adjoint code was obtained using the automatic differentiation tool Tapenade (INRIA). Then, the test is carried on a real hydraulically complex case using different qualities of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and bathymetry of the river bed. This information are provided by either a conventional database types IGN or a very high resolution LIDAR information. The comparison of the respective influences of bathymetry, mesh size, kind of code used on the dynamics of flooding is very finely explored. Finally we perform sensitivity mapping studies on parameters of the Dassflow model. These maps show the respective influence of different parameters and of the location of virtual measurement points. This optimal location of these points is necessary for an efficient data assimilation in the future
Fouassier, Elise. "Analyse haute fréquence de l'équation de Helmholtz avec terme source". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00080011.
Texto completoNos résultats concernent deux cadres d'étude : le cas de deux sources quasi-ponctuelles (pour lequel nous nous limitons à un indice de réfraction constant), et le cas d'un indice de réfraction discontinu le long d'une interface séparant deux milieux inhomogènes non bornés.
Dans les deux cas, nous montrons que, sous des hypothèses géométriques appropriées, la mesure de Wigner est l'intégrale le long des rayons de l'optique géométrique et jusqu'en temps infini, d'une source d'énergie qui mesure les interactions résonantes entre la source et la solution.
Fouassier, Élise. "Analyse haute fréquence de l'équation de Helmholtz avec terme source". Rennes 1, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00080011.
Texto completoSchnieders, Dirk. "Light source estimation from spherical reflections". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45892970.
Texto completoLuettgen, Mark R. (Mark Robert). "Trajectory estimation of an optically radiating source". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14027.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 115-117).
by Mark R. Luettgen.
M.S.
Andera, Craig. "Trajectory estimation of an optically radiating source". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36634.
Texto completoScaillet, Olivier. "Modélisation et estimation de la structure par terme des taux d'intérêt". Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090003.
Texto completoThis work is divided in five chapters and examines two aspects of term structure modeling: the pricing of derivatives assets on interest rates end the inference of the models generally used in this pricing. The first chapter introduces continuous-time models and arbitrage pricing. The second chapter examines option pricing in a affine model. The estimation part concerning state variable dynamics is dealt with in chapter III. It consists in studying an inference method based on simulations in the frameworks of diffusion processes. In chapter IV, tests of non-nested hypotheses using simulations and an indirect encompassing notion are described. Two applications are proposed in chapter V. The first one consists in examining an estimation method of term structure models from bond data. The second one concerns estimation and comparison of several usual models of the instantaneous interest rate
Prieto, Germán A. "Improving earthquake source spectrum estimation using multitaper techniques". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3257950.
Texto completoTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed May 22 , 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-124).
Che, Viet Nhat Anh. "Cyclostationary analysis : cycle frequency estimation and source separation". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET4035.
Texto completoBlind source separation problem aims to recover a set of statistically independent source signals from a set of sensor observations. These observations can be modeled as an instantaneous or convolutive mixture of the same sources. In this dissertation, the source signals are assumed to be cyclostationary where their cycle frequencies may be known or unknown a priori. First, we establish relations between the spectrum, power spectrum of a source signal and its component, then we propose two novel algorithms to estimate its cycle frequencies. Next, for blind separation of instantaneous mixtures of sources, we present four algorithms based on orthogonal (or non-orthogonal) approximate diagonalization of the multiple cyclic temporal moment matrices, and the matrix pencil approach to extract the source signal. We also introduce and prove a new identifiability condition to show which kind of input cyclostationary sources can be separated based on second-order cyclostationarity statistics. For blind separation of convolutive mixtures of sources signal or blind deconvolution of FIR MIMO systems, we present a two-steps algorithm based on time domain approach for recovering the source signals. Numerical simulations are used throughout this thesis to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approaches, and compare theirs performances with previous methods
Sawangtong, Panumart. "Blow-up pour des problèmes paraboliques semi-linéaires avec un terme source localisé". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833171.
Texto completoGunawan, David Oon Tao Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Musical instrument sound source separation". Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41751.
Texto completoCastillo, Anthony. "Contribution à l'étude de l'endommagement de matériaux composites par estimation des termes sources et des diffusivités thermiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0592/document.
Texto completoThis work deals with the damage detection of composite materials. These materials are used in the aeronautics industry. The first part concerns the development of methods to estimate the heat sources terms of a stressed material. During this process, a set of mechanical defects leads to heat productions. The sources detection can conduct to the detection of these defects. Two main methods are presented: a "direct" method based on a discretization of the measured temperature field and an "iterative" method based on the conjugate gradient method. These methods are coupled with data filtering techniques such as SVD. In order to optimize computation time, equations are solved by finite differences in their linear form. Modifications are also made for the iterative algorithm to improve its convergence as well as the results of the estimation. These problems are considered as thermal inverse problems. The main objective of the first part is to find an experimental link between the appearance of a macro fissure and the localization of a heat source term within a composite material. The second part consists in the elaboration of methods for estimating thermal directional diffusivities. The methods are based on a modeling of heat transfer using thermal quadrupoles. Parameter estimations are made on targeted "risked" areas on a material, which is already damaged but not under stress. The aim is to link a known mechanical damage, which is called "diffuse" to thermal properties degradation in the main directions. This manuscript is presented in two parts: a validation part of the methods, and an experimental part in which composites are analyzed
Peyroutet, Fabrice. "Etude d'une méthode Splitting pour des lois de conservation scalaires avec terme de source". Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3029.
Texto completoShiga, Yoshinori. "Precise estimation of vocal tract and voice source characteristics". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/940.
Texto completoMazzilli, Giacomo. "Shape-from-shading and light source estimation in humans". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5713/.
Texto completoRichards, John A. (John Alfred). "Time-to-intercept estimation for an optically radiating source". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41391.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 93-94).
by John A. Richards.
M.Eng.
Yardibi, Tarik. "Source localization and power estimation in aeroacoustic noise measurements". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024868.
Texto completoMeseguer, Brocal Gabriel. "Multimodal analysis : informed content estimation and audio source separation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS111.
Texto completoThis dissertation proposes the study of multimodal learning in the context of musical signals. Throughout, we focus on the interaction between audio signals and text information. Among the many text sources related to music that can be used (e.g. reviews, metadata, or social network feedback), we concentrate on lyrics. The singing voice directly connects the audio signal and the text information in a unique way, combining melody and lyrics where a linguistic dimension complements the abstraction of musical instruments. Our study focuses on the audio and lyrics interaction for targeting source separation and informed content estimation. Real-world stimuli are produced by complex phenomena and their constant interaction in various domains. Our understanding learns useful abstractions that fuse different modalities into a joint representation. Multimodal learning describes methods that analyse phenomena from different modalities and their interaction in order to tackle complex tasks. This results in better and richer representations that improve the performance of the current machine learning methods. To develop our multimodal analysis, we need first to address the lack of data containing singing voice with aligned lyrics. This data is mandatory to develop our ideas. Therefore, we investigate how to create such a dataset automatically leveraging resources from the World Wide Web. Creating this type of dataset is a challenge in itself that raises many research questions. We are constantly working with the classic ``chicken or the egg'' problem: acquiring and cleaning this data requires accurate models, but it is difficult to train models without data. We propose to use the teacher-student paradigm to develop a method where dataset creation and model learning are not seen as independent tasks but rather as complementary efforts. In this process, non-expert karaoke time-aligned lyrics and notes describe the lyrics as a sequence of time-aligned notes with their associated textual information. We then link each annotation to the correct audio and globally align the annotations to it. For this purpose, we use the normalized cross-correlation between the voice annotation sequence and the singing voice probability vector automatically, which is obtained using a deep convolutional neural network. Using the collected data we progressively improve that model. Every time we have an improved version, we can in turn correct and enhance the data
CUNHA, RAQUEL D. S. da. "A comunicação dos riscos na preparação para emergências nucleares: um estudo de caso em Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28029.
Texto completoMade available in DSpace on 2017-11-21T11:45:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
O gerenciamento de riscos em uma instalação nuclear é necessário para a segurança de trabalhadores e de populações vizinhas. Parte desse processo é a comunicação dos riscos que propicia o diálogo entre gestores da empresa e moradores das áreas de risco. A população que conhece os riscos a que está exposta, como esses riscos são gerenciados e o que deve ser feito em uma situação de emergência tende a se sentir mais segura e a confiar nas instituições responsáveis pelo plano de emergência. Sem diálogo entre empresa e público, o conhecimento dos procedimentos a serem seguidos em caso de acidente não chega à população, ou quando chega, não há confiança dessas pessoas na sua eficácia. Em Angra dos Reis, no litoral sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, está a Central Nuclear Almirante Álvaro Alberto. No entorno dessa Central Nuclear existe uma população que, de acordo com o Plano de Emergência Externo (PEE/RJ), deverá ser evacuada ou ficar abrigada, caso ocorra um acidente na instalação. Um trabalho de comunicação de riscos entre esses moradores é necessário para que eles conheçam o plano de emergência e os procedimentos corretos para uma situação de emergência, além de buscar esclarecer dúvidas e mitos. Esse trabalho apresenta uma análise da comunicação dos riscos feita para a população local, a percepção que ela tem dos riscos e o grau de conhecimento do plano de emergência externo por parte dessas pessoas.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Freret-Lorgeril, Valentin. "Le terme source des panaches de téphras : applications radars aux volcans Etna et Stromboli (Italie)". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC057/document.
Texto completoVolcanic tephra plumes are one of the major volcanic hazards. To forecast their dispersion and the impact zones of their fallout, the numerical models used in operational monitoring are based on eruptive parameters, called the source term, characterizing the plume emission. Source term parameters are challenging to measure in real time. This is why dispersion models are often based on past eruptive scenarios and use empirical laws that relate plume heights to source mass fluxes. However, the model outputs are not well constrained, averaged over the eruption duration, and suffer from large uncertainties. In this topic, Doppler radars are capable of probing the interior of eruptive columns and plumes at high space-time resolution and can provide crucial constraints on the source term in real time. This thesis deals with applications in operational monitoring of dedicated volcanological radars, potentially transposable to most common meteorological radars, to provide eruptive parameters at the source of tephra plumes but also to constrain the dynamics and internal mass load of eruptive columns, volcanic plumes and their fallout.A measurement campaign at Stromboli volcano has shown the capabilities of an innovative coupling between an optical disdrometer (Parsivel2) and a new 3-mm wave Doppler radar (Mini-BASTA). Owing to its high spatio-temporal resolution (12.5 m and 1 s), intermittent sedimentation patterns were observed in the fallout of dilute transient plumes typical of normal strombolian activity. These features, also recorded with the disdrometer, measuring the particle settling speeds and sizes, were reproduced in the laboratory using an analog model. A conceptual model for the formation of reversed sedimentation thermals is proposed to explain these features. It implies that processes leading to irregular sedimentation typical of sustained concentrated strong plumes can be applied to dilute weak plumes, including those formed by normal transient Strombolian activity. Then, a physical characterization of a large number of ash particles sampled at Stromboli allowed the validation of particle size and terminal velocity measurements by the disdrometer in the field and in the laboratory, arguing in favor of its operational use. Then, a physical characterization of a large number of ash particles sampled at Stromboli allowed to validate the measurements of size and terminal velocity of falls by disdrometer in the field and in laboratory, justifying also its operational use. From these constraints, a law relating ash concentrations with calculated reflectivity factors was found and compared to in situ radar measurements inside ash plumes and fallout. The modal and maximum internal concentrations of Strombolian plumes are at about 1 × 10-5 kg m-3 and 7.5 × 10-4 kg m-3 respectively, well above the threshold for aviation safety. Ash concentrations in the fallout range from 1.9× 10-8 to 2.4 × 10-6 kg m-3 with a mode at about 4 × 10-7 kg m-3.Finally, this thesis work shows operational applications of the UHF VOLDORAD 2B radar for the monitoring of explosive activity at Etna. A methodology, applicable to any Doppler radar, has been developed to obtain tephra mass eruption rates in real time from a mass proxy, based only on measured ejection velocities and power, and calibrated with an eruptive column model taking crosswinds into account. Tephra mass fluxes found for 47 paroxysms between 2011 and 2015 range from 3 × 104 to over 3 × 106 kg s-1. Then, tephra plumes heights of four Etna paroxysms were simulated using the eruptive column model Plume-MoM from the radar-derived mass eruption rates and were found consistent with real-time observations made by visible imagery and by X-band radar. This last part demonstrates the capabilities of VOLDORAD 2B to provide quantitative input parameters for dispersion models in the case of future Etna paroxysms. (...)
Kovavisaruch, La-or. "Source localization using TDOA with erroneous receiver positions". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6278.
Texto completoThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 22, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Bettadapura, Raghuprasad Shivatejas. "Echo Delay Estimation to Aid Source Localization in Noisy Environments". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50517.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Suzuki, Wataru. "Estimation of broadband source process based on strong motion modeling". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136890.
Texto completo0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第13598号
理博第3256号
新制||理||1481(附属図書館)
UT51-2008-C516
京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻
(主査)教授 岩田 知孝, 教授 平原 和朗, 教授 Mori James J.
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Noris, Mauro <1996>. "Multi-view light source estimation for automated industrial quality control". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17736.
Texto completoLong, Peter Vincent. "Estimating the long-term health effects associated with health insurance and usual source of care at the population level". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1779835391&sid=18&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texto completoSarazin, Desbois Céline. "Méthodes numériques pour des systèmes hyperboliques avec terme source provenant de physiques complexes autour du rayonnement". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814182.
Texto completoKassai, Koupai Behrouz. "Estimation du bénéfice clinique à long terme, les critères intermédiaires et leur application en pédiatrie". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10028.
Texto completoBiomarkers and diagnostic tests results are commonly used as substitute for evaluating the treatment benefit. The use of substitutes yields a series of methodological problems. Using a numerical approach we have contributed to a better knowledge of the influence of the performance of diagnostic tests and biomarkers on the measurement of the treatment benefit. In paediatrics, we developed a clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of minoxidil on intima-media thickness with echography in children with Williams Beuren syndrome. Estimating the long-term treatment benefit. In the realm of prevention of chronic diseases, the follow-up duration rarely exceed 5 years. Preventive treatment, however, are usually prescribed for long-term. It is important, therefore, to know the approximations made when extrapolating results of short-term clinical trials. We developed an approach allowing us to estimate the clinical benefit of preventive treatment in terms of gain in life expectancy from results of clinical trials. We applied this approach to antihypertensive drugs using a meta-analysis on individual patient data and life tables. We have contributed to a better understanding of the behaviour of efficacy indices (relative risk, risk differences) as a function of the duration of the treatment. In children treated for cancer, we explored the long-term benefit in terms of gain in life expectancy
Chotikakamthorn, Nopporn. "A pre-filtering maximum likelihood approach to multiple source direction estimation". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8634.
Texto completoUjile, Awajiokiche. "Harmonic estimation and source identification in power distribution systems using observers". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/harmonic-estimation-and-source-identification-in-power-distribution-systems-using-observers(d66cfe60-e1a5-44d8-9555-be7ec0fb8090).html.
Texto completoLobo, Arthur. "Estimation of the voice source and its modelling in speech synthesis". Thesis, Keele University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.716863.
Texto completoCosta, Facundo hernan. "Bayesian M/EEG source localization with possible joint skull conductivity estimation". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0016/document.
Texto completoM/EEG mechanisms allow determining changes in the brain activity, which is useful in diagnosing brain disorders such as epilepsy. They consist of measuring the electric potential at the scalp and the magnetic field around the head. The measurements are related to the underlying brain activity by a linear model that depends on the lead-field matrix. Localizing the sources, or dipoles, of M/EEG measurements consists of inverting this linear model. However, the non-uniqueness of the solution (due to the fundamental law of physics) and the low number of dipoles make the inverse problem ill-posed. Solving such problem requires some sort of regularization to reduce the search space. The literature abounds of methods and techniques to solve this problem, especially with variational approaches. This thesis develops Bayesian methods to solve ill-posed inverse problems, with application to M/EEG. The main idea underlying this work is to constrain sources to be sparse. This hypothesis is valid in many applications such as certain types of epilepsy. We develop different hierarchical models to account for the sparsity of the sources. Theoretically, enforcing sparsity is equivalent to minimizing a cost function penalized by an l0 pseudo norm of the solution. However, since the l0 regularization leads to NP-hard problems, the l1 approximation is usually preferred. Our first contribution consists of combining the two norms in a Bayesian framework, using a Bernoulli-Laplace prior. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is used to estimate the parameters of the model jointly with the source location and intensity. Comparing the results, in several scenarios, with those obtained with sLoreta and the weighted l1 norm regularization shows interesting performance, at the price of a higher computational complexity. Our Bernoulli-Laplace model solves the source localization problem at one instant of time. However, it is biophysically well-known that the brain activity follows spatiotemporal patterns. Exploiting the temporal dimension is therefore interesting to further constrain the problem. Our second contribution consists of formulating a structured sparsity model to exploit this biophysical phenomenon. Precisely, a multivariate Bernoulli-Laplacian distribution is proposed as an a priori distribution for the dipole locations. A latent variable is introduced to handle the resulting complex posterior and an original Metropolis-Hastings sampling algorithm is developed. The results show that the proposed sampling technique improves significantly the convergence. A comparative analysis of the results is performed between the proposed model, an l21 mixed norm regularization and the Multiple Sparse Priors (MSP) algorithm. Various experiments are conducted with synthetic and real data. Results show that our model has several advantages including a better recovery of the dipole locations. The previous two algorithms consider a fully known leadfield matrix. However, this is seldom the case in practical applications. Instead, this matrix is the result of approximation methods that lead to significant uncertainties. Our third contribution consists of handling the uncertainty of the lead-field matrix. The proposed method consists in expressing this matrix as a function of the skull conductivity using a polynomial matrix interpolation technique. The conductivity is considered as the main source of uncertainty of the lead-field matrix. Our multivariate Bernoulli-Laplacian model is then extended to estimate the skull conductivity jointly with the brain activity. The resulting model is compared to other methods including the techniques of Vallaghé et al and Guttierez et al. Our method provides results of better quality without requiring knowledge of the active dipole positions and is not limited to a single dipole activation
Orefice, Antonella <1983>. "Refined Estimation of Earthquake Source Parameters: Methods, Applications and Scaling Relationships". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4286/1/orefice_antonella_tesi.pdf.
Texto completoOrefice, Antonella <1983>. "Refined Estimation of Earthquake Source Parameters: Methods, Applications and Scaling Relationships". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4286/.
Texto completoBeuzet, Emilie. "Modélisation des conséquences d'une entrée d'air en cuve sur le calcul du terme source en accident grave". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112240.
Texto completoThis work deals with severe accidents in nuclear power plants with an air ingress in the vesse!. Air, which is very oxidizing, enhances noticeably ruthenium release, due to a high fuel oxidation. Oxygen affinity is decreasing between zircaloy cladding, fuel and ruthenium which is released from fuel as volatile and radiotoxic oxides. The main objective was to develop models for cladding and fuel oxidation and ruthenium release and implement them in the severe accident code MAAP. For each phenomenon, the literature study contributes to establish numerical models, validated against specific experiments. Cladding oxidation by air leads to a dense zirconia layer and, after cracking, a porous zirconia. Its modelling was validated against QUENCH-10 (KIT) and PARAMETER-SF4 (LUCH) experiments and 'NUREG' oxide mass gain law was selected as the best current compromise. Ruthenium release is modelled as an instantaneous oxide volatilisation at the fuel surface, controlled by fuel oxidation, which is itself based on a surface reaction assumption. These models were validated against a selected set of VERCORS (CEA) experiments. Ruthenium release is well-reproduced, particularly for air and steam atmospheres. To finish, an accidental scenario with air ingress in the vessel was simulated : a first value was given for the time needed to completely release ruthenium still present in core and was compared to the other studies. This simulation underlines the high ruthenium release under air conditions
Bellier-Delienne, Annie. "Évaluation des contrats notionnels MATIF : estimation de la volatilité et de l'option de livraison". Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090028.
Texto completoNotional bond futures volatility, which measures the sensibility of the contract to movements in financial market, is estimated from different types of options on long bond futures evaluation models. Whaley model (with classical hypothesis of Black and Scholes model, American option) gives the best result within the different models which were tested. The quality option gives the futures seller the choice of delivery bond at the expiry date. Obtained by arbitrage, it always seems to be under evaluated by the market. It can be explained by the fact that the market limits the official bond list with two or three deliverable bonds, and when a bond goes out of the official list, the next delivery month, it's almost the cheapest to deliver
Abdel, Hamid Haydar. "Etude de deux problèmes quasilinéaires elliptiques avec terme de source relatif à la fonction ou à son gradient". Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441100.
Texto completoIwaza, Lana. "Joint Source-Network Coding & Decoding". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112048/document.
Texto completoWhile network data transmission was traditionally accomplished via routing, network coding (NC) broke this rule by allowing network nodes to perform linear combinations of the upcoming data packets. Network operations are performed in a specific Galois field of fixed size q. Decoding only involves a Gaussian elimination with the received network-coded packets. However, in practical wireless environments, NC might be susceptible to transmission errors caused by noise, fading, or interference. This drawback is quite problematic for real-time applications, such as multimediacontent delivery, where timing constraints may lead to the reception of an insufficient number of packets and consequently to difficulties in decoding the transmitted sources. At best, some packets can be recovered, while in the worst case, the receiver is unable to recover any of the transmitted packets.In this thesis, we propose joint source-network coding and decoding schemes in the purpose of providing an approximate reconstruction of the source in situations where perfect decoding is not possible. The main motivation comes from the fact that source redundancy can be exploited at the decoder in order to estimate the transmitted packets, even when some of them are missing. The redundancy can be either natural, i.e, already existing, or artificial, i.e, externally introduced.Regarding artificial redundancy, we choose multiple description coding (MDC) as a way of introducing structured correlation among uncorrelated packets. By combining MDC and NC, we aim to ensure a reconstruction quality that improves gradually with the number of received network-coded packets. We consider two different approaches for generating descriptions. The first technique consists in generating multiple descriptions via a real-valued frame expansion applied at the source before quantization. Data recovery is then achieved via the solution of a mixed integerlinear problem. The second technique uses a correlating transform in some Galois field in order to generate descriptions, and decoding involves a simple Gaussian elimination. Such schemes are particularly interesting for multimedia contents delivery, such as video streaming, where quality increases with the number of received descriptions.Another application of such schemes would be multicasting or broadcasting data towards mobile terminals experiencing different channel conditions. The channel is modeled as a binary symmetric channel (BSC) and we study the effect on the decoding quality for both proposed schemes. Performance comparison with a traditional NC scheme is also provided.Concerning natural redundancy, a typical scenario would be a wireless sensor network, where geographically distributed sources capture spatially correlated measures. We propose a scheme that aims at exploiting this spatial redundancy, and provide an estimation of the transmitted measurement samples via the solution of an integer quadratic problem. The obtained reconstruction quality is compared with the one provided by a classical NC scheme
Wehner, Daniel T. "Head movements of children in MEG : quantification, effects on source estimation, and compensation". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40540.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 36-38).
Head movements during MEG recordings in children may lead to inaccurate localization of brain activity. In this thesis, we examined the effects of head movements on source estimation in twenty children performing a simple auditory cognitive task. In addition, we tested the ability of a recently introduced spherical harmonic expansion method, signal space separation (SSS), to compensate for the effects of head movements on two source models: equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) and minimum norm estimates (MNE). In the majority of subjects, the goodness-of-fit of ECDs fit to the peak of the auditory N100m response was increased following the SSS correction compared with the averaged forward solution method proposed earlier. The spatial spread of ECDs as determined with a bootstrapping approach was also reduced after SSS correction. In addition, the MNE source estimates were spatially sharpened following SSS application, indicative of an increase in signal to noise ratio. Together these results suggest that SSS is an effective method to compensate for head movements in MEG recordings in children.
by Daniel T. Wehner.
S.M.
Lawrence, Joseph Scott. "Use of Phase and Amplitude Gradient Estimation for Acoustic Source Characterization and Localization". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6969.
Texto completoKarlsson, Alexander. "Feasibility Study for Single Platform Airborne FDOA and TDOA Estimation With Unknown Source". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192443.
Texto completoRiktning av ankomst (förkortat DOA) är ett väl studerat ämne och används i många olika sammanhang. Även om det ofta är baserat på tidsskillnader i ankomst (förkortat TDOA) hos koherenta vågor, är det ibland möjligt att även använda frekvensskillnader i ankomst (förkortat FDOA). Genom att kombinera TDOA och FDOA kan ett mer pålitligt estimat av DOA fås. Detta kan vara användbart i militära sammanhang så som spaning och övervakning då målet är att lokalisera okända sändare. Det är dock inte alltid möjligt att uppnå noggranna TDOA och FDOA estimat. I denna studie undersöks villkoren för detta för fallet då mottagarna är på samma luftburna farkost. En metod för att simulera och estimera TDOA och FDOA visas också. Resultaten baseras på simuleringar med tre olika signaltyper och villkor för vilka noggranna TDOA och FDOA estimat kan uppnås tas fram. Dessa villkor är tagna från Cramér-Raos sats för TDOA och FDOA. Det visas att FDOA kan i vissa sammanhang ge en högre noggrannhet i DOA estimatet än vad som är möjligt med TDOA.