Tesis sobre el tema "Espace de représentation / Espace latent"
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Jouffroy, Emma. "Développement de modèles non supervisés pour l'obtention de représentations latentes interprétables d'images". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0050.
Texto completoThe Laser Megajoule (LMJ) is a large research device that simulates pressure and temperature conditions similar to those found in stars. During experiments, diagnostics are guided into an experimental chamber for precise positioning. To minimize the risks associated with human error in such an experimental context, the automation of an anti-collision system is envisaged. This involves the design of machine learning tools offering reliable decision levels based on the interpretation of images from cameras positioned in the chamber. Our research focuses on probabilistic generative neural methods, in particular variational auto-encoders (VAEs). The choice of this class of models is linked to the fact that it potentially enables access to a latent space directly linked to the properties of the objects making up the observed scene. The major challenge is to study the design of deep network models that effectively enable access to such a fully informative and interpretable representation, with a view to system reliability. The probabilistic formalism intrinsic to VAE allows us, if we can trace back to such a representation, to access an analysis of the uncertainties of the encoded information
Prang, Mathieu. "Representation learning for symbolic music". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS489.
Texto completoA key part in the recent success of deep language processing models lies in the ability to learn efficient word embeddings. These methods provide structured spaces of reduced dimensionality with interesting metric relationship properties. These, in turn, can be used as efficient input representations for handling more complex tasks. In this thesis, we focus on the task of learning embedding spaces for polyphonic music in the symbolic domain. To do so, we explore two different approaches.We introduce an embedding model based on a convolutional network with a novel type of self-modulated hierarchical attention, which is computed at each layer to obtain a hierarchical vision of musical information.Then, we propose another system based on VAEs, a type of auto-encoder that constrains the data distribution of the latent space to be close to a prior distribution. As polyphonic music information is very complex, the design of input representation is a crucial process. Hence, we introduce a novel representation of symbolic music data, which transforms a polyphonic score into a continuous signal.Finally, we show the potential of the resulting embedding spaces through the development of several creative applications used to enhance musical knowledge and expression, through tasks such as melodies modification or composer identification
Elguendouze, Sofiane. "Explainable Artificial Intelligence approaches for Image Captioning". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1003.
Texto completoThe rapid advancement of image captioning models, driven by the integration of deep learning techniques that combine image and text modalities, has resulted in increasingly complex systems. However, these models often operate as black boxes, lacking the ability to provide transparent explanations for their decisions. This thesis addresses the explainability of image captioning systems based on Encoder-Attention-Decoder architectures, through four aspects. First, it explores the concept of the latent space, marking a departure from traditional approaches relying on the original representation space. Second, it introduces the notion of decisiveness, leading to the formulation of a new definition for the concept of component influence/decisiveness in the context of explainable image captioning, as well as a perturbation-based approach to capturing decisiveness. The third aspect aims to elucidate the factors influencing explanation quality, in particular the scope of explanation methods. Accordingly, latent-based variants of well-established explanation methods such as LRP and LIME have been developed, along with the introduction of a latent-centered evaluation approach called Latent Ablation. The fourth aspect of this work involves investigating what we call saliency and the representation of certain visual concepts, such as object quantity, at different levels of the captioning architecture
Morchid, Mohamed. "Représentations robustes de documents bruités dans des espaces homogènes". Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0202/document.
Texto completoIn the Information Retrieval field, documents are usually considered as a "bagof-words". This model does not take into account the temporal structure of thedocument and is sensitive to noises which can alter its lexical form. These noisescan be produced by different sources : uncontrolled form of documents in microbloggingplatforms, automatic transcription of speech documents which are errorprone,lexical and grammatical variabilities in Web forums. . . The work presented inthis thesis addresses issues related to document representations from noisy sources.The thesis consists of three parts in which different representations of content areavailable. The first one compares a classical representation based on a term-frequencyrepresentation to a higher level representation based on a topic space. The abstractionof the document content allows us to limit the alteration of the noisy document byrepresenting its content with a set of high-level features. Our experiments confirm thatmapping a noisy document into a topic space allows us to improve the results obtainedduring different information retrieval tasks compared to a classical approach based onterm frequency. The major problem with such a high-level representation is that it isbased on a space theme whose parameters are chosen empirically.The second part presents a novel representation based on multiple topic spaces thatallow us to solve three main problems : the closeness of the subjects discussed in thedocument, the tricky choice of the "right" values of the topic space parameters and therobustness of the topic-based representation. Based on the idea that a single representationof the contents cannot capture all the relevant information, we propose to increasethe number of views on a single document. This multiplication of views generates "artificial"observations that contain fragments of useful information. The first experimentvalidated the multi-view approach to represent noisy texts. However, it has the disadvantageof being very large and redundant and of containing additional variability associatedwith the diversity of views. In the second step, we propose a method based onfactor analysis to compact the different views and to obtain a new robust representationof low dimension which contains only the informative part of the document whilethe noisy variabilities are compensated. During a dialogue classification task, the compressionprocess confirmed that this compact representation allows us to improve therobustness of noisy document representation.Nonetheless, during the learning process of topic spaces, the document is consideredas a "bag-of-words" while many studies have showed that the word position in a7document is useful. A representation which takes into account the temporal structureof the document based on hyper-complex numbers is proposed in the third part. Thisrepresentation is based on the hyper-complex numbers of dimension four named quaternions.Our experiments on a classification task have showed the effectiveness of theproposed approach compared to a conventional "bag-of-words" representation
Fèvres, Jessica. "Infographie, images de synthèse et patrimoine monumental : espace de représentation, espace de médiation". Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00751452.
Texto completoBideran, Jessica de. "Infographie, images de synthèse et patrimoine monumental : espace de représentation, espace de médiation". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR30025/document.
Texto completoThis thesis raises the issue of the use of infographic techniques and synthetic imagery to represent vestiges of the past, in particular archaeological and architectural heritage. Our approach is multidisciplinary. Since infographic systems belong to the category of media-related and cultural inventions that have come into existence since World War II, our study aims to be comprehensive, drawing on Art History, Archaeology, Information and Communications Technology. Our intention is to look beyond the purely technical dimension and to analyse these systems as cultural spaces of representation, within the scientific community (“specialists”) and for the general public (“neophytes”). Representation of built heritage using infographic tools has of course not sprung up spontaneously overnight, whether in the public sphere or in the more restricted sphere of the research community. Although this phenomenon is of course closely correlated with the development of the IT sector, it would be simplistic to regard it only as a consequence of this technological revolution. Indeed, changes in the media and scientific fields have gone hand in hand. The conservation of historic monuments and archaeological sites, their listing as being of public interest and management for exhibition purposes, consequently gives rise to debate and controversy in both the scientific-research and institutional spheres. More generally, these matters raise the issue of “heritage”, as much for ideological as for historical reasons. The purpose, then, of this study is to identify the social and cultural factors that have led to the emergence and development of these practices, which involve a combination of graphics, information technology and scientific research. Thus defined, the context invites us to analyse the ways in which these tools have been used and appropriated by different players in the heritage industry. Finally, we need to consider the material aspect of these images and highlight the areas of mediation which these systems create. In conclusion, it would seem that these new modes of representation exemplify a hybridisation of communication practises and codes of meaning resulting from the mixing of “scientific” and “popular” culture
Channarond, Antoine. "Recherche de structure dans un graphe aléatoire : modèles à espace latent". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112338/document.
Texto completo.This thesis addresses the clustering of the nodes of a graph, in the framework of randommodels with latent variables. To each node i is allocated an unobserved (latent) variable Zi and the probability of nodes i and j being connected depends conditionally on Zi and Zj . Unlike Erdos-Renyi's model, connections are not independent identically distributed; the latent variables rule the connection distribution of the nodes. These models are thus heterogeneous and their structure is fully described by the latent variables and their distribution. Hence we aim at infering them from the graph, which the only observed data.In both original works of this thesis, we propose consistent inference methods with a computational cost no more than linear with respect to the number of nodes or edges, so that large graphs can be processed in a reasonable time. They both are based on a study of the distribution of the degrees, which are normalized in a convenient way for the model.The first work deals with the Stochastic Blockmodel. We show the consistency of an unsupervised classiffcation algorithm using concentration inequalities. We deduce from it a parametric estimation method, a model selection method for the number of latent classes, and a clustering test (testing whether there is one cluster or more), which are all proved to be consistent. In the second work, the latent variables are positions in the ℝd space, having a density f. The connection probability depends on the distance between the node positions. The clusters are defined as connected components of some level set of f. The goal is to estimate the number of such clusters from the observed graph only. We estimate the density at the latent positions of the nodes with their degree, which allows to establish a link between clusters and connected components of some subgraphs of the observed graph, obtained by removing low degree nodes. In particular, we thus derive an estimator of the cluster number and we also show the consistency in some sense
Georgel, Christophe. "Architecture, espace et représentation en Lorraine à la Renaissance (1500-1550)". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20021.
Texto completoAt the dawning of the Renaissance the stylistic renewel of the structure and symbolic functionality of the architectural space in Lorraine is analysed in three geographical styles interdependent historically : 1) the production of the ruling-class under the Dukes René II and Antoine situated around the ducal palace in Nancy. . . 2) the analysis of the "poetic threshold", of the draughtsmanship of the treaty, De Artificiali Perspectiva (Toul, 1505) by Jean Pèlerin. . . 3) from the introduction of the orders of the church of Blénod-lès-Toul. .
Garidi, Tarik. "Sur la théorie des champs dans l'espace-temps de de Sitter". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077049.
Texto completoMeliani, Abdelhai. "Etude macro économétrique de l'économie marocaine : représentation espace - état et contrôle optimal". Toulouse 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU10012.
Texto completoThis study is aimed to propose an analytical framework for evaluating economic policies in morocco. It is the first attempt to our knowledge for applying optimal control methods in the Moroccan case. A macroeconometric model with 24 equations is built and estimated by two-stage least squares. Its short and long run properties are analysed by compunting multipliers and elasticities. It is then simulated. Its resolution is done by using space state representation and Kalman filter process. The practicability of these techniques is illustrated for the Moroccan case and sheds light on the conduct of macroeconomic policies. Various simulations show that the monetary policy plays a more efficient role in monitoring the real economy than the fiscal one. Results prove that the joint use of optimal control and kalman filter theories can be an invaluable assistance for the macroeconomic planning of Morocco
Siala, Chakroun Aida. "Modélisation et représentation des exigences spatiales qualitatives : Vers des pratiques BIM orientées « espace »". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0191.
Texto completoIn designing, the architect gives space not only a form, but also other aspects of topology, accessibility and comfort. This production is based on a set of qualitative spatial requirements (ESQL) described in the architectural programming phase. Current BIM practices are based on formats transforming all building information into essentially quantitative data, which does not allow taking into account these ESQL. In this research, we propose a new design approach that takes into account and verifies the ESQL using one of the current BIM tools (Revit). This approach is based on a new space model including and structuring the ESQL. This model is based on an identification work for the most frequently used ESQL to qualify spaces in the programming phase. Our approach is evaluated through an experimental validation process
Bagros, Cyril. "La représentation de l'espace dans la prose narrative surréaliste". Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030132.
Texto completoCrippa, Philippe. "Une étude de la représentation : la représentation du temps chez Claude Simon". Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE2009.
Texto completoSchmitt, Céline. "Aux rythmes du regard et de l'espace : Pour une approche scénopoïétique du processus de représentation". Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20102.
Texto completoThe main topic of this research is to explore the influence and functions of the dimension of space in the representation process. As representation is conditioning possible ontogenesis, the aim is here to observe how people are occupying the space, how they are talking about themselves and projecting themselves in and through the space, be it the empiric or the conceptual space. Whereas it seems impossible to reach a generic concept of space it appears obvious that the relationships with the space share common features of drama in a structure that we have chosen to call the skènè/théâtron structure or the scenopoïetical dynamism. This requires broadening the concept of stage so as to capture any behaviour that puts in tension or brings about a game between visible and invisible, real and symbolic, what is in and out of the stage. Such approach needs an interdisciplinary and trans-historical view that allows highlighting the mediations and interfaces that are forming and transforming together glance and space
Zarate, Ramirez Julio Cesar. "Représentations et dynamiques de l'espace, du voyage et de l'ironie dans trois romans de Roberto Bolaño, Guillermo Fadanelli et Juan Villoro". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30027/document.
Texto completoThis dissertation claims to assemble a dialog between the representations of Space, Travel and Irony in the work of three contemporary Latin American writers; two of them, Mexicans: Juan Villoro (1956) and Guillermo Fadanelli (1963); the third one, the Chilean Roberto Bolaño (1953-2003). A benchmark is taken of three novels by these writers: Roberto Bolaño's Los detectives salvajes (1998); Guillermo Fadanelli's Lodo (2002) and Juan Villoro's El testigo (2004); however, the ensemble of their work is referred to in general. This work analyzes the different spatial levels where the literary text can be developed. The space known as “México” and the points of contact established in these novels, open to a multiplicity of spaces that are essential to the deployment of words. In addition to the referential space, other spaces are explored, the body of the characters, the memory, the dreams and the intertextual space that's constructed by the understanding of characters as well as the reading of the authors of these novels. With concern to travel, the interest revolves around the way the voyage is developed in each novel and the multiple features and types of journey that can be practiced in literature, from urban flânerie to exile in the desert. Regarding irony, the interest is to explore its various forms in these texts, which distinguish the writing and the style of these authors. A great diversity of manifestations of irony is analyzed, from parody to sarcasm, from discursive treatment to a particular ethical vision which sometimes ends in silence
Tran, Thi Thanh Hai. "Etude de lignes d'intérêt naturelles pour la représentation d'objets en vision par ordinateur". Grenoble INPG, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143371.
Texto completoWe study "ridges" with respect to their use as natural interest lines for computer vision, and for their use in object representation. As suggested by the term "interest lines", we want to generalise and to complete the concept of interest points, intensively studied and used in current research. We define a ridge point as a local directional extremum of the filtered image in scale space; we are essentailly using a Laplacian filter. Individual ridge points are connected to construct ridge lines. Such ridge lines characterise shape as a central axis, and width information. Seing lines, rides are particularly useful to represent elongated shapes, as found in a human silhouette, or a line of written text. We develop two applications to show the usefulness of ridge lines:modeling human shape, and text detection. A human silhouette is represented by "significant" ridges, corresponding to the body and the legs. This representation allows an interpretation of the body configuration at each instant in an image sequence. Ln the application to text identification, a piece of text is modeled by ridges at two different scales: a long ridge at high scale corresponds to a line, and a large number of short ridges a lower scale for the individual characters. This structural model for text applies successfully to different types of text, and allows different line geometries. The final chapter presents initial work on the use of ridges for hierarchical modeling of structured objects, and the resulting kind of matching algorithms
Labib, Malak. "La statistique d’État en Égypte à l’ère coloniale : Finances, espace public et représentation (1875-1922)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3046.
Texto completoMy dissertation deals with the emergence and development of statistics, as a field of knowledge and practice in Egypt during the colonial era (1875-1922). It attempts to explore the complex relationship between knowledge production and colonization by analyzing how the emergence of new forms of enumeration and classification contributed to the making of the colonial State in Egypt
Boubli-Elbez, Myriam. "La bouche : de la sensorialité au langage : un espace d'expériences, pour la représentation, l'expression, la parole". Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10028.
Texto completoThe mouth, first organ of interelations between the baby and the "mother", is charged since birth with sensory traces which shape the "sonorific matter" emitted through the motion of phonal organs. The analysis of sonoric productions and of their transformation, observed in the context of therapies of young children experiencing language difficulties, leads to maintain that those productions are at the same time agents and reliable clues of the quality of interelational games. When the interelations are adequate, oral experiences and sonorific productions, first invested as concrets objects, support the processes of harmoniztion and of sensoryaffective integration which constitute protorepresentations. However, when it is not the case, the mouth, partly devitalized, is seldom used as an experiencing space. Its lack of flexibility, of displacement, and of transeference seems to block any evocative activity
Bouzoubaa, Fennane Khalid. "De l'Interprétation logique des géométries non euclidiennes : vers une représentation multiple de l'espace". Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble ; 1990-2015), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE29038.
Texto completoLissigui, Abdallah. "La représentation de l'espace dans l'oeuvre d'Alain Robbe-Grillet". Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030140.
Texto completoIn this thesis we have studied the notion of space based on the modes of representation and semiotical concretisations in the novels of alain robbegrillet. From a topological point of view, the type such as, linear, labyrinthic, circular and ruin come back in force and design an informal deconstructed topology. The forme of these spatial statements furnish to the subject of the discourse the model of its wordings. In their relation to the spacethe caracters have a double strolling : physical and mental, real and imaginary. The places they cross become either transitory places or non-places. The novelistic grounds in robbe-grillet's novels belong to different registers. They are dream-state, mnemonic, intertextuel, intersemiotical, legendary and mythological. These heterogeneous spaces and slidings between themselves occulthe frontier between the real and imaginary. Hense they create a new postmodern and virtual space. This postmodernity annonces the ruin of the space and of the species, of the tale and of the imaginary, of the values and of the signification
Wolkenstein, Julie. "La scène européenne dans les fictions internationales de Henry James : étrangeté, altérité et représentation d'un espace littéraire". Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030043.
Texto completoGuillard, Gwenaël. "Un espace de représentation pour l'étude conjointe de la morphologie et de la fonctionnalité des surfaces articulaires". Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S148.
Texto completoQuijano, Ahijado Jorge. "Autour du visible, la fuite en arts plastiques". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010636.
Texto completoGiannakis, Mélina. "Construction et représentation spatiale de l'interactivité numérique par manipulation d'informations 2D et 3D". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34436.
Texto completoLu, Chi-fen. "La représentation des espaces chez Gertrude Stein". Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100039.
Texto completoA variety of spaces and landscapes fascinated so much Gertrude Stein that their representations constituted a recurrent, special and important theme in her writing. However, we think that Stein’s representation of spaces deserves a specialized research not merely because it is one of the subjects which she takes upon oftenest. In fact, through her different manners of representing the space, we can observe constant changes in her conception and style of writing. This is due to the frequent mutual influence between her vision of space and her vision of literature. As a result, Stein creates often new linguistic styles and even new literary genres in order to express les characteristics of new spaces or landscapes. In this dissertation, we would like to analyze Stein’s representation of three distinct types of spaces, each of which will be associated with a specific writing method. In the following three chapters, we will study successively the representation of domestic space and the “esthetic of surface” in Tender Buttons (1912), the representation of modern American landscapes in a series of texts written from 1934 to 1938 and the notion of “human mind,” and finally the chronotope of war and the “prophetic method” in Wars I Have Seen (1946)
Ouedraogo, Léonce Eric. "Le réseau politique, un espace de représentation du politique : le rôle de la chefferie traditionnelle au Burkina Faso". Paris, INALCO, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAL0018.
Texto completoThe structuring of the political area in Burkina Faso is still characterized by the encounter, within this context, of different systems of political ideas and organisation. Consequently there are ways of specifics adaptations where traditional considerations drive to a large extent the mechanisms of the modern political game. The permanence of traditional structures playing a role in the current organisation thus show the syncretism of political ideas. In addition to this syncretism, there are other factors such as the differential gap related to the tools of political production (notably due to the unequal distribution of the culture capital giving access to these tools of political production) which represent one of the major characteristics of the political set up, that is to say the existence of an area of positioning, replacement in which power is delegated between constituents and elected people. Therefore, within the framework of delegation, a network theoretical structure begins to take shape and allows the traditional hierarchy to work generally as the expression of the political game requires a big mobilisation of the population
Cousin, Catherine. "La représentation de l'espace et du passage des enfers en Grèce et en Italie jusqu'au IVè siècle av. J. C. : étude littéraire et iconographique". Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100154.
Texto completoThis thesis is composed of a literary and iconographical study until the end of Vth century before Christ in Greece and Italy. The literary part, dealing with Greek poetry, is divided into three chapters: epic poetry, lyric poetry and drama. A special attention paid to the vocabulary used by the different authors, as shown the evolution of the notion os space and scenery in the underworld, the birth of new ideas. The iconographical study has also three chapters, the second of which, the polyglots' Nekyia in the Lesche at Delphi, is a turning point in the conception of the underworld scenery. The first chapter includes iconographical documents relative to the underworld until the beginning of the Vth century, the third one from Polygnotos to the end of the Vth century. Making up series of pictures on the same theme made it possible to establish a list of characters, objects and signs which permitted the identification of such and such a picture and to observe their chronological evolution. Literature and iconography concur in their conceptions of hades: if there is for both of them a notion of the underworld space, on the contrary, the notion of landscape remains very vague. The real space marks are the soul’s enumerated in the texts and placed side by side in the pictures, without any precise geographical concern. Only a few documents lead us inside the hades. Authors and artists mainly show its surroundings. They only deal with the boundary of the kingdom of the dead. Nevertheless, one can notice an evolution: at the beginning, the underworld setting was imagined as the opposite of the earthly world, then, through the centuries, it tends to become common place and similar to it, even to be shown in a better way
Dong, Fengchun. "Vision sensor design and evaluation for autonomous navigation". Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES034.
Texto completoSchwartz, Cédric. "CONTRIBUTION À L'ÉLABORATION D'UN ESPACE COMMUN DE REPRÉSENTATION POUR L'ANALYSE MORPHO-FONCTIONNELLE DU MEMBRE SUPERIEUR : APPLICATION À L'ARTICULATION GLÉNOHUMÉRALE". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne - ENSTB, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00403931.
Texto completoDans un premier temps, une étude a été menée pour proposer une méthode de correction des artéfacts des tissus mous lors de l'estimation du mouvement. Une approche surfacique est décrite. Cette méthode repose sur le suivi de la déformation, induite par le déplacement de l'omoplate, d'une nappe de marqueurs à la surface de la peau. Le suivi est réalisé par un algorithme de recalage robuste, l'IMCP. Cet algorithme, développé dans des travaux précédents, a été modifié et adapté de manière à prendre en compte le contexte de l'étude. Les améliorations ont principalement consisté en un post-traitement des données afin d'exploiter au maximum les capacités de mutualisation de l'information de l'algorithme, la prise en compte de l'influence des bords de la nappe de marqueurs et enfin l'optimisation du temps de calcul. Dans un second temps, afin de réaliser une étude morpho-fonctionnelle dans un espace commun de représentation, un protocole spécifique d'acquisition IRM a été mis en place. Celui-ci a pour objectif le recalage des repères locaux propres à l'acquisition morphologique et à celle du mouvement. L'analyse morpho-fonctionnelle de l'articulation glénohumérale, dans le cas de mouvements empreints d'erreurs, a également nécessité le développement de mesures quantifiant la cohérence articulaire.
Les résultats obtenus montrent que l'utilisation d'une nappe de marqueurs recouvrant l'omoplate à la surface de la peau ne permet pas le suivi de l'empreinte de l'os. L'étude sur des simulations conduisent à avancer 2 hypothèses pour expliquer ces résultats : le bruit crée par les tissus mous est trop important et / ou la résolution de la surface de la peau disponible est insuffisante. L'intérêt de tendre vers des méthodes d'acquisition sans marqueurs est ainsi également mis en évidence. L'analyse morpho-fonctionelle a quant à elle mis en évidence l'influence du protocole d'acquisition utilisé sur la cohérence articulaire lors de l'animation des os. Le choix du positionnement des marqueurs sur l'omoplate et sur l'humérus ainsi que la méthode de traitement employée pour reconstruire le mouvement ont ainsi une influence significative sur l'estimation du mouvement des structures osseuses.
Schwartz, Cédric. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un espace commun de représentation pour l'analyse morpho-fonctionnelle du membre supérieur : application à l'articulation glénohumérale". Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2016.
Texto completoBoutry, Frédéric. "Analyse de scènes dynamiques par représentation espace-temps des éléments mobiles : application à la conduite automatique de véhicules guidés". Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10048.
Texto completoVilleneuve, Roselyne de. "La représentation de l'espace instable chez Nodier : stylistique, esthétique, ontologie". Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100071.
Texto completoThis work deals with a set of problems appearing at double level, thanks to the convergence of three complementary methods. Indeed in Nodier's fictions the main problem regarding the instability of the represental space comes unavoidably to the lancinating subject of the representation itself, which was weakened at the beginning of the XIXth century. The first part studies the stylistic ways used for the representation of the instable space, chiefly verbs and figures. The second part relates to the major topics of an aesthetics concerning the instable space, namely the romantic picturesque and the intertextual writing, acting agent to remove in the same time the centers of space and aesthetics. The third part analyzes the ontological presuppositions which can outdo the spatial instability by subjecting it to a transcendental order : harmony, otherworld, scale of nature. Reflecting the changes come in an age, the instability affects deeply, in Nodier's work, a writing in progress
Mami, Yassine. "Reconnaissance de locuteurs par localisation dans un espace de locuteurs de référence". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005757.
Texto completoNous avons proposé ensuite une nouvelle représentation des locuteurs basée sur une distribution de distances. L'idée est de modéliser un locuteur par une distribution sur les distances mesurées dans l'espace des modèles d'ancrage. Cela permet d'appliquer une mesure statistique entre l'occurrence de test et les modèles des locuteurs à reconnaître (au lieu d'une mesure géométrique).
Ainsi, si nous avons approfondi la modélisation d'un locuteur par sa position dans un espace de locuteurs de référence, nous avons également étudié comment cette position pouvait permettre une meilleure estimation du modèle GMM du locuteur, par exemple en fusionnant les modèles de ses plus proches voisins. Finalement, en complément à la modélisation GMM-UBM, nous avons étudié des algorithmes de fusion de décisions avec les différentes approches proposées.
Mayrargue, Cédric. "Dynamiques religieuses et démocratisation au Bénin : pentecôtisme et formation d'un espace public". Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00298180.
Texto completoLa période de transition démocratique a été accompagnée d'un retour du religieux dans l'espace public, perceptible en particulier, au-delà de l'intervention d'acteurs précis, au niveau de la diffusion d'un imaginaire offrant une lecture en termes religieux de ces transformations. C'est dans ce contexte que l'on assiste à l'expansion de mouvements chrétiens pentecôtistes dans l'espace urbain. A travers l'étude des logiques de diffusion des Églises, des trajectoires individuelles de convertis et des mécanismes de construction communautaire, c'est la dimension moderne du phénomène, et sa capacité à médiatiser des changements sociaux, qui sera soulignée. Les dynamiques religieuses sont ensuite mises en relation avec le processus de changement politique, autour d'une réflexion sur la formation d'un espace public. On s'intéressera aux effets différenciés d'une même expression religieuse en fonction des significations qu'en donnent et des usages qu'en font différents acteurs, et en particulier les convertis.
Est ainsi privilégiée une lecture qui, en tenant compte de la diversité, de la fluidité et de la mobilité qui caractérisent ces nouveautés religieuses, insiste sur les conséquences ambivalentes, paradoxales ou involontaires, de l'expansion pentecôtiste sur le processus politique.
Venant, Fabienne. "Représentation et calcul dynamique du sens : exploration du lexique adjectival du français". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00067902.
Texto completoGarner, Guillaume. "La représentation de l'espace dans le discours économique allemand : 1740-1820". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070054.
Texto completoThe purpose of this work is to study how the transition between cameralism (the german form of mercantilism) and economic liberalism corresponds in Germany to the transition between a discourse which analyses the economic phenomenons from the political notion of territory and the liberal political economy which is founded on the "market space" concept and a reduction of the state's intervention. The analysis of the sources (i. E. Treatises of cameral sciences, of political economy, textbooks of statistics and geography) reveals a non-linear evolution. The cameralism emphasizes the notion of territory in its discourse, in order to analyse the economic processes and to set forth program aiming at the economic development of territories. In opposition to cameralism, the economic liberalism period of the 1790-1820's years sets the priority on the more abstract notion of "market space", which is the space formed by the action of market mechanisms. This market space can be analysed with the principles of Adam Smith which are universal and which abstract in consequence the political boundaries. However the liberal discourse is ambiguous because it shows between 1810 and 1820 a growing interest for the notion of territory, because of the political and economic situation of Europe during this period
Miquel, Marine. "Espace et pouvoir dans l'Ab Vrbe Condita de Tite-Live : représentation de l'espace dans le récit de la conquête romaine". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100150/document.
Texto completoWhile it is now aknowledged that Roman historians choose and shape theirsources, geographical descriptions and notes are still blamed. Livy is thus criticized for his lack of knowledge or neglect of geographical matter. We show that such a conception doesn't understand the writing of ancient history's conditions and motives.To understand well the purposes of the livian representation of space, we have to cut ourselves off from a strictly geographical and topographical conception and, on thenarrative level, from a vision of space as a single background. In our first part, we evidence that Livian representation of space is the result of a work of composition from annalistic and antiquarian traditions, Alexander's histories, poetic intertexts and the ''horizon d'attente'' which is built with the coming of images from the Roman conquest within the city of Rome. Representation of space has different purposes that are linked to different goals and various forms or key moment in the work'sarrangement, so that we can establish a typology. In our second part, we underlinethat the shift from a spatial type to another and the use of a specific terminologyleave to establish a discourse on Roman conquest and empire. Our third part showsthat the Ab Vrbe condita is not only a ''national'' work but also offers parts of universal history to question Roman power and its empire
Ramadier, Thierry. "Construction cognitive des images de la ville : évolution de la représentation cognitive de Paris auprès d'étudiants étrangers". Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H055.
Texto completoThe purpose of this study consists in apprehending conditions of appearance and the function of a coherent and accurate spatial representation of the city. This research leans on the experimental method applied on place, and focuses on a molar unit of analysis, namely the man/environment system. The two entities of this system being culturally marked, we have operate experimental variation on cultural distance inside the system by comparing southern European students and sub-Saharian Africa students, preserving Paris, a city imbues of European culture, as the unique place of study. It's therefore in terms of familiarity, and particularly in terms of socio-spatial familiarity, that the results are interpreted. It proves that urban area has no meaning in itself. So the storage of socially elaborated meanings appears important for an accurate cognitive map of the city. Thus, differences observed, up to now, in cross-cultural comparaison of cognitive map can also come from the legibility of socio-spatial characteristics of the city. Besides, urban pratices favor storage and diversity of meanings. Nevertheless, their impact on accuracy of cognitive map reminds limited. Then spatial information has an instrumental function permitting to resolve daily problems of spatial order. But it also have a psychological function enable to increase the feeling of coherence by adjusting represented space with real space. Otherwise, the spatial information is not only a tool for activities, its contributes to the elaboration of a life-place. However, this psychological function is possible only if the spatial information fills previously an instrumental function, as Kaplan explains in his model of person/environment compatibility
Asic, Tijana. "La représentation cognitive du temps et de l'espace: étude pragmatique des données linguistiques en français et dans d'autres langues". Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007999.
Texto completoMayrargue, Cédric. "Dynamiques religieuses et démocratisation au Bénin : pentecôtisme et formation d'un espace public". Phd thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40041.
Texto completoGardereau, Thibault. "Réécrire le Nouveau Monde : un espace revisité, théâtralisé et poétisé par les écrivains européens entre 1890 et 1945". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS021S.
Texto completoIn 1890, the frontier is tamed, and the face of America is transforming itself. From this date on, up to 1945, European writers take advantage of this phenomenon to rediscover America. To their astonishment, they are confronted with a highly industrialized civilization, which does not facilitate their task. This new exoticism is initially heightened by a set of preconceptions which urges them to anticipate this “new” New World and to imagine it before arriving. After this prefiguration, the culture shock occurs: the travelers at that time confirm or contradict their horizon of expectation and symbolize the New World. It is the time of sublimation. These two stages are of primary importance to better understand the vision which these well-read travellers will then impose. Finally, they put in writing a theatricalized and poetized America; an America which is, in the last analysis, not far from reality
Lambrey, Simon Thibaut. "Construction et utilisation des représentations mentales de l'espace chez l'homme". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066146.
Texto completoFoussette, Karen. "Nouveaux rapports socio-spatiaux & marges métropolitaines : quel espace pour les couches intermédiaires en Gironde ?" Bordeaux 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR30060.
Texto completoSince the seventies, Bordeaux’s urbain fringes experience the same tranformations as the French urbanized space, generated by the processes of metropolisation and urban sprawl. In Bordeaux’s case study, the first process feeds the second. However, small towns and major boroughs of theses rural spaces are not necessarily devitalized or changed into dormitory-town. They stay a fundamental element of their spatial practices. They remain an important referent for the observed middle-classes. Their role has been made more complex. Their representations, mostly social, are assimilated to a form of rurality, while their practices become the basic urban elements of spatialities. The territorialities outburst of the middle class’s individuals is concomitant to a new form of spatial perception. Space is not considered anymore in terms of the traditional dialogical city-campaign. Although both notions are landmarks, space is not perceived anymore as a continuum. The sequencing in life and life trajectories of urban and rural residences are correlated to the representations of the city, countryside, individual, family, mobility, stillness and life cycle. From now on, space takes the shape of an archipelago structured by rhizomes networks for these persons. It includes the link with mobility. The space is also associated with time perception and with individual’s daily spaces-times, which cut into sequences spaces and times of the individual and the family. The middle-classes’living space is articulated by synaptic places, transtis, the shape of an archipelago, a different social and temporal relationship according to interconnected places and spaces. The key element, the principal knot of these territorialities, is the (suburban) private housing universe, which is reoriented on the family, which is the primordial value for theses individuals
Ašić, Tijana. "La représentation cognitive du temps et de l'espace : étude pragmatique des données linguistiques en français et dans d'autres langues". Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/asic_t.
Texto completoAll works note the proximity between the representation of time and the representation of space, whatever the language considered. In a comparative perspective, bearing both on indo-European - French, English, slavic languages - and non-indo-European languages - Arab, Swahili, Louo, Kikuyu, Japanese -, the goal of the present work is to examine the hypothesis that the proximity between the linguistic representation of space and that of time corresponds to a proximity between their cognitive representations. We take as our starting point the hypothesis that the representation of space precedes and constrains that of time, on the basis of common cognitive abstractions. From a wide corpus drawn from literature and bearing on French prepositions, we will propose a semantics for those prepositions on the basis of Casati and Varzi's spatial ontology. We will then confront this semantics to data drawn from English, Slavic languages, Swahili, Louo, Kikuyu, Japanese and Arab. Our conclusion is that the hypothesis according to which the cognition of space precedes and constrains that of time also explains the proximity between their linguistic representations
Maingreaud, Flavien. "Une contribution à la perception de l'espace et son intégration dans une aide pour la navigation des déficients visuels". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066526.
Texto completoAlbert, Bruce. "Temps du sang, temps des cendres : représentation de la maladie, système rituel et espace politique chez les Yanomami du Sud-Est (Amazonie brézilienne)". Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100293.
Texto completoCohen, Olivia-Jeanne. "Lointains fanés et silencieux : La représentation de ĺespace dans ĺoeuvre poétique de O.V. de L. Milosz". Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030122.
Texto completoSpace's representation in poetic works sttles "la quete du je" through his "centralisation". O. V. De l. Milosz represents lyric subject as exiled and in perpetual renaissance; places suggest mixed and quartered itineraries. Time is echo of space, represents movement, shiftings and places stagnation, evolution through "atopiques" places, "amorphes" places, suspension between the past and the present. L'espace concret du moi expresses topography and places's essential characteristics. L'espace interactif represents rela tionship between self and the other through gestures, desire, wordk impulse and repulsion. Fictionnel space projects "points-of-vue" of lyric subject about dreamed space, imaginary world, sensual and mystic of milosz. Textual and intertextual space transposes self's rewriting through other texts, others writers, others cultural referenc es, others symbolic aspects. Space, outlined through "face and silent distances", dimed and unveilled through horizon lines which ascend about self, expresses "strates", "palimpsestes", discontinuities and uninterrupted echos
Durey, Louis. "Le rôle des imaginaires dans la production d'un espace, une sociohistoire de deux siècles d'aménagement du Rhône". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES043.
Texto completoThe aim of this article is to elaborate a geohistory of the Rhône through two centuries of capitalism based on a social understanding of imaginaries. Through an empirical analysis we document the embededness of todays management practices within historical constructions. We consider the historical making of the Rhône as the product of imaginaries intertwinned with technologies. Those imaginaries make possible the realization of capitalist accumulation into local space. This analysis sheds light on the continuity of logics that characterize todays river ecological restoration, which might consist in the reproduction of a normalization of local space
Yao, Xu. "Latent representations for facial images and video editing". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT019.
Texto completoLearning to edit facial images and videos is one of the most popular tasks in both academia and industrial research. This thesis addresses the problem of face editing for the special case of high-resolution images and videos.In this thesis, we develop deep learning-based methods to perform facial image editing. Specifically, we explore the task using the latent representations obtained from two types of deep neural networks: autoencoder-based models and generative adversarial networks. For each type of method, we consider a specific image editing problem and propose an effective solution that outperforms the state-of-the-art.The thesis contains two parts. In part I, we explore image editing tasks via the latent space of autoencoders. We first consider the style transfer task between photos and propose an effective algorithm that is built on a pair of autoencoder-based networks. Second, we study the face age editing task for high-resolution images, using an encoder-decoder architecture. The proposed network encodes a face image to age-invariant feature representations and learns a modulation vector corresponding to a target age. Our approach allows for fine-grained age editing on high-resolution images in a single unified model.In part II, we explore the editing task via the latent space of generative adversarial models (GANs). First, we consider the problem of facial attribute disentangled editing on synthetic and real images, by proposing a latent transformation network that acts in the latent space of a pre-trained GAN model. We also proposed a video manipulation pipeline, to generalize the editing result to videos. Second, we investigate the problem of GAN inversion -- the projection of a real image to the latent space of a pretrained GAN. In particular, we propose a feed-forward encoder, which encodes a given image to a feature code and a latent code in one pass. The proposed encoder is shown to be more accurate and stable for image and video inversion, meanwhile, maintaining good editing capacities
Schang, Daniel. "Représentation et interprétation de connaissances spatiales dans un système de dialogue Homme-Machine". Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0009_SCHANG.pdf.
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