Tesis sobre el tema "Espace de bureau"
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Schronen, Danielle. "Le management à l'épreuve du bureau : Comment l'entreprise peut-elle apprendre à penser son espace ?" Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0044.
Texto completoLai, Chiara. "Le rapport espace/activité au cœur du processus d'appropriation des nouveaux espaces de travail : du flex office aux environnements de travail basés sur l'activité (activity-based workspaces)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023HESAC048.
Texto completoThis Cifre thesis is part of a research-intervention conducted within a real estate consulting firm. It focuses on new "flexible" workspaces (flex-office, dynamic work environment, etc.), which we refer to as activity-based workspaces (ABW). These configurations cover a single generic spatial organization: shared, unallocated workstations, arranged within open platforms and providing workers with a range of spatial resources that can be mobilized by individuals and collectives to support their activity. These workspaces are thus based on the promise of a fitting relationship between space and activity, while at the same time conveying a prescriptive vision of work and how it should be done.Based on a cultural-historical perspective on activity, we mobilize the approaches of activity theory (Clot, 1999; Engeström, 2001) and situated cognition (Lave, 1988) to approach appropriation as a movement of (re)construction of the subject's activity, anchored in the situation in which he or she acts, which is historically constituted by his or her action. From this perspective, how is the process of appropriation of these new workspaces by their users impacted? How does the tension between space and activity, inherent in the operating principles of these new forms of office (Ianeva, et al., 2021), shape or even challenge this process of appropriation? How, then, can we design spaces that can constitute relevant resources for subjects and their activity?Using a comprehensive, qualitative approach, this thesis first looks at the ABW design process, and explores how designers apprehend and integrate the space/activity relationship in the construction of the spatial proposition and its operating mechanisms (first empirical study). It then focuses on ABW users, and how (i) they mobilize these spatial solutions in the course of their activity, and how (ii) these spatial solutions redefine the contours of their actions through the prism of the situated acceptance model (Bobillier Chaumon, 2016) (second empirical study). Finally, we present the construction process of a design tool based on the simulation method (Van Belleghem, 2021). Its aim is to investigate transformations in the practices and representations of designers and users in relation to ABWs, enabling the discourse that accompanies these ABWs to be anchored in the space/activity relationship (third empirical study).Our results highlight (i) the way in which the designers of these new workspaces integrate the relationship between space and activity as an object of work when thinking about future spaces; and (ii) the way in which this relationship between space and activity is grasped and reshaped by end-users in work situations. The appropriation process of these workspaces is thus to understand within a dialectical movement, in which actions to transform space redefine the contours of cognition and action.Understanding appropriation as a process of (re)articulating the relationship between space and activity, which is anchored at the heart of subjects' work situations, may therefore prove to be an effective and operative tool for work and interveners psychologists involved in supporting transformations of the physical and temporal work settings
Bourget-Mauger, Marie. "Diffusion et sens des objets connectés en architecture : attentes, représentations et réalités : le cas des environnements de bureaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2024. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2024/TH2024PESC2001.pdf.
Texto completoThe research in question explores the impact of connected objects in office environments, highlighting their principles of dissemination and their significance within architecture. Divided into three parts, this study first addresses the specificities of conducting a thesis in architecture through the CIFRE program within a company specialized in networks and telecommunications. This initial step allows for detailing the ecosystem of the financialized tertiary real estate sector, which frames the study.The second part explores the architectural and technical conditions of office buildings, revealing the underlying reasons for the integration of connected objects. These integrations, driven by the obsolescence of traditional technical management methods (Building Management Systems), respond to technical, economic, ecological, and legislative considerations. The variety of factors encouraging this integration demonstrates the significant impact of connected objects on the design, operation, and valuation of office buildings.The third part examines the narratives and representations that construct the myth of the Smart Building. This positive myth contributes to the dissemination of connected buildings, especially since the 2019 health crisis. This final section also addresses the risks associated with the systematic integration of connected objects in architecture, such as infringements on individual liberties and environmental implications due to excessive digital usage. Thus, the research advocates the imperative for the architectural discipline to engage in the study of connected buildings.This thesis defends four hypotheses. The first hypothesis presents the Smart Building as the realization of the chimera of intelligent buildings stemming from cybernetic discourse, promoting a flexible, self-adaptive, and autonomous architecture. Connected objects play a key role in this quest for intelligence. The second hypothesis emerges from their integration, introducing the principles of object indeterminacy and ecology, underscoring the need to consider the ecological impact of building technical systems. The third hypothesis challenges the traditional conception of architecture as a static entity, redefining it as real estate focused on services. Indeed, the study centered on office environments highlights that the integration of connected objects aims to create service-oriented buildings, also termed service buildings. Lastly, the fourth hypothesis maintains that the connected building represents a paradoxical intersection between ecological and economic concerns. In conclusion, this research provides an in-depth insight into the impact of connected objects on the architecture of office environments, exploring their dissemination principles and highlighting the risks and opportunities associated with this evolution
Markman, Eliel. "Déménager / Réaménager : Une approche du politique à travers les changements d’espace dans les organisations". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED020.
Texto completoOur thesis challenges the discomfort that comes with any organisation removal. Why any space change is such ripple and why is it so tough on employees even if the decorum remains ? We will analyse the removal process through Henri Lefebvre’s thinking in order to highlight its political underpinnings. If politics is a profession, the political can be defined a minima as two persons discussing topics that concern themselves. A new environment also brings a new frame for interactions among workers and therefore influences the political. Our construct stands on a cas study : a recently removed company. We focus on the removal process and on how employees reconstruct a political structure within the new environment. Through their spatial practices, employees pay more or less attention to the others constructing what we call an « attention economy ». More concretely, analysis reveals complex patterns of spatial practices that credit or discredit workers and how this game is, in fact, a political practice. We also highlight the fact that this political practice overwhelms official practices, through, as an example, compensatory practices, informal but codified
Chesneau, Isabelle. "Obsolescence architecturale et régénération urbaine : renouvellement du parc de bureaux en Ile-de-France". Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100144.
Texto completoMartín, Pérez Alberto. "Les étrangers dans la queue : construction d'une catégorie sociale et expérience de l'attente devant les bureaux de l'Administration en Espagne". Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0087.
Texto completoThis thesis analyses the long waiting lines existing everyday in Madrid, as well as in the main cities of Spain, in front of the government's offices in charge of foreigners' juridical status. These queues work as images of immigration: we tend to identify immigrants to waiting lines. Inside these queues, a social category is being constructed: the foreigners queuing as a result of different institutional mechanisms based, first, on power fixing the subordinated position occupied by immigrant workers, and second, on sociability, understanding these waiting lines as meeting places where this compulsory lining up becomes a way of sharing. The thesis also analyses the way foreigners suffer from, accept or regret this social condition. This is a case study showing the basic political intention of these waiting lines: they are in fact an evidence of current immigration policies in Spain
Lécaille, Pascal. "La trace habilitée : une ethnographie des espaces de conception dans un bureau d'études de mécanique : l'échange et l'équipement des objets grapho-numériques entre outils et acteurs de la conception". Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21021.
Texto completoLattard, Alexia. "Défunts, pratiques et espaces funéraires au cours du Haut-Empire dans la civitas de Forum lulli". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0383.
Texto completoThis study aims to understand, in all their complexity and variability, the funerary practices of the territory of Forum Iulii (Fréjus), one of the civitas of the Gallia Narbonnensis, defined by Auguste at the end of the 1st century. BC. It is part of a long chronological period rich in socio-cultural upheavals (1st-4th century AD), wich reveals the evolution of these practices, and thus allow us to apprehend the relationship between individuals and / or social groups with their funerary traditions. This spatio-temporal framework is also chosen for its coherence and documentary richness. The study is based on an archaeothanatology approach, between archeology and biological anthropology. The studied parameters, considered in the both perspective, participate together in an individual, and then global reading of burials and funerary spaces in order to return practices, funerary rites, but also the influence of socio-cultural factors on the treatment of the dead corpses.The use of these two disciplines insures an optimal understanding of the social systems and religious representations specific to a community confronted with the death of one of its members. The human bones analysis (age and sex determination, health status), but also the study of the material (set of deposits, burial architecture, implantation of the tomb, body’s treatment, etc.) are the essential tools for the archeology of death, which aims to contribute to a better knowledge of ancient populations through a biocultural approach
Nassar, Joyce. "Les espaces funéraires suburbains de Mari (Moyen-Euphrate, 2900-1760 av. J. -C.) : analyse archéo-anthropologique". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14054.
Texto completoSince it's foundation around 2900 B.C. Mari remained a powerful and prosperous near-eastern capital till its destruction in 1760 BC. This site constitutes a crucial reference in the near-eastern history for this time period due to the lavish historical and archaeological data coming from it's three successive cities. Like every near-eastern urban site, Mari revealed numerous graves beneath the floors, which are associated to a probable extra-muros cemetery. However, the burial practices were still unknown. Thus, it was decided to undertake an archeo-anthropological study of the burials by examining archived field records and taphonomical data gathered during tomb excavations. Age and sexe of each skeleton available were assessed followed by an examination of all the biological characteristics (N = 131). This study revealed the features of the funerary standard in Mari, the organisation of the funeral suburban spaces and there relationship with the subjacent occupation levels. It has also shown the selective approach that led the inhabitants to bury their dead under the city and not in a dedicated necropolis. Several breaks concurring with historical and archaeological data were identified in the funeral practices. Nevertheless, teeth metrical data, discrete traits and dental pathologies revealed a homogeneous population. Dental lesions were found on almost all of the individuals, as it is the case in other contemporaneous and neighbouring populations. Yet, the Mari dentitions showed a higher rate of caries suggesting a diet rich in carbohydrates, which is a characteristic of agricultural societies. Finally, this present study questions to what extent chronological breaks attested by historical and archaeological data can be concurrent with changes in population
Heddad, Nadia. "L’espace de l’activité, de l’analyse à la conception". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1086/document.
Texto completoAll human activity requires a spatial dimension; working is not circumventing this prerequisite. The main focus of this thesis is the analysis of the working activity’s spatial dimension. Working is addressed in the space dimensional context that is necessary for it’s accomplishment. This reflection sheds light on the role and relation of space in the accomplishment of the activity.The reflection consists first in revisiting the notion of space in the context of work; the aim is to develop in terms of ergonomics, the understanding of the spatial dimension of the activity. Results from the analysis of work in a postal environment are used in order to propose the concept of “the space of activity”. This is about modeled space and it acts in and through the working activity.It arises in the frame of a double theoretical context:- The instrumental approach allows us to demonstrate how a given space is modified and adjusted during the activity. The artefact consists of the material devices (building material) and organization (layout).- The enaction theory consists in catching the emerging dimensions of the activity’s space simultaneously to the activity’s development. It is about continuous creation and transformation of the space in terms of “local production”. The concept of the activity’s space represents a novel analysis unit allowing the consideration of the space dimension in working situations. Second, the reflection consists in the proposition of an approach that interferes with the conception and the objectives to develop the activity and the space for the activity. This requests a joint conception of the activity and it’s space. The approach by the activity’s space is illustrated by the intervention that is a research conducted in a postal environment. The defended idea is that any activity is carried out in space in a material and immaterial manner, through actions, relations between the subjects or between the surrounding objects and subjects in the achievement of the activity- On one side, it is about defining space as a material and organizational device and as a support for activity in an instrumental and developmental approach by the artifacts and activities.- On the other side, it is about taking in account the emerging dimension of the activity’s space that overcomes the purely instrumental goal. The challenge is to create a way to think about both the space and the activity in a perspective of activity development and space
Ramos, Benito Alejandro. "Nécropoles et peuplement dans le nord-est de la Gaule aux Ve-VIe siècles : espaces, pratiques funéraires et identités". Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIML011/document.
Texto completoCemeteries are an essential element in the study of the defining characters of the settlement and death rituals in societies within the end of the Lower Empire and the beginning of the Merovingian period (fifth-sixth centuries). In northern France, Merovingian archaeology developed punctuated by discoveries made since the nineteenth century, at the same time as the learned societies, museums and scientific conferences were appearing. Through the study of cemeteries may have drawn the main lines in the analysis of urban and rural settlement during late antiquity in northeastern Gaul, always in a relevant geopolitical framework based on the old administrative boundaries. Their study also observes any changes of the dynamics of relationships between the living and the dead from the funeral topography and its evolution. These reports find their maximum expression in funeral rituals, considered all as practices to express the beliefs of a particular cultural group of people. On the other hand, the phenomenon of burial dressed and its immediate consequence is that the presence of the furniture in burials, can address the socio-economic relations of communities through the expression of a set of physical phenomena such competitiveness, solidarity and cultural assimilation. A fundamental aspect from the analysis of the grave goods, looks characterization ornamental elements with exogenous influence, a question that refers to the concept of ethnicity in the Migration Period and the possibilities of archaeology to determine the cultural identity of buried people
Baraze, Muhmmad. "Recherches sur les tombes à fosse dans la Syrie antique entre le Ier et le VIlle siècle après J.-C. : espace, architecture et pratiques funéraires". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30039.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to provide knowledge of the world of the dead in pit graves in antique Syria between the 1st and the 8th century AD. The area under consideration includes the region of the Orient located between Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea. This work tries to characterize the location of pit graves, to establish a typological and chronological classification of the funeral architecture of this type of grave and to determine the funeral rites practiced: inhumation or cremation, individual or group, collective or multiple, primary or secondary burial. It is also a question of illustrating the alignment and the positioning of the bodies placed in the graves: the position of the trunk, the head, the lower and upper limbs. This work furthermore attempts to analyze the location of grave objects and the order in which they were deposited. Beyond these archaeological and taphonomic analyses, the objective is to determine whether there is an evolution or a variation in the funeral practices between different geographical zones or during a particular period. It is also a question of verifying whether the whole of Syria belonged to the Greco-Roman culture in the field of the funeral practices or if, on the contrary, the entire region or only certain geographical zones of Syria, remained apart from this culture
Blaizot, Frédérique. "Les espaces funéraires de l’habitat groupé des Ruelles à Serris du VIIe au XIe s. (Seine et Marne, Île-de-France) : taphonomie du squelette, modes d’inhumation, organisation et dynamique". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14385/document.
Texto completoThe site of Les Ruelles, at Serris (Seine-et-Marne, France), emerges within the framework of a creation of settlements in the 7th century. It begins with the establishment of a domanial farm and is abandoned at the beginning of the 11th century after the revival of the pole of power in the 10th century. The archaeological excavations covering16 hectares, fit in a territory largely explored by archaeology ; it reveals a bipolar agglomerated settlement and a major funerary unit which developed around two religious buildings of which one is destroyed at the end of the 8th century. By taking into account the small funerary units dispersed in the different parts of the “pre-village”, Les Ruelles add up to a little more than one thousand burials. This work aims to classify and study the taphonomic phenomena of the skeleton in order to identify funerary architectures and to understand their evolution (typochronological analyses). Concerning this aspect, the synthesis is accompanied by the exhaustive analytical catalogue of the burials. A second orientation relates to the analysis of the funerary practices, to highlight the shapes of social organization that they are supposed to transcribe. This part approaches the analysis of sex and age repartition by chronological phases, the spatial distribution of the burials according to the architectural choices and to the sex and the age at death, the forms of regroups and the material management of the funeral settlement, the spatial continuities and discontinuities, as well as the relations maintained by the various burial units between them. Are finally discussed the genesis of the funerary poles, the way in which they develop, the role of the two religious buildings, the status of the various groups revealed by the study of the funerary practices, the relation between domestic and sepulchralplaces, and also the patterns of management and organization in this territory. The conclusions fit in to the general questioning relating to the organization and the evolution of the rural societies of the Early middle ages
Chouki, Mourad. "La génération des connaissances et la conception des artefacts visuels : le cas de l'aménagement des espaces de travail dans les entreprises". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0243/document.
Texto completoThe development of this work is currently carried out in a project mode, since working in the network requires deep modifications in a way of conceiving the workspaces as well as the offices. The enterprises that conceive these spaces often associate both the designers and the architects.The purpose of this present thesis is to answer the flowing question: how are the recent knowledges generated in the conception activities which appear in the field of work space planning?The first chapter focuses on the works related to the conception activities (works of Lebahar, Hatchuel and Visser...etc...). The second deals with the different theories relating to the generation of knowledge (works of Nonaka, Tsoukas and Engeström... etc...).To answer our research question, we have installed a device which requires a long_term intervention inside the enterprises meant for study (ethnomethodological approach). There are two Parisian enterprises that specialize in work space planning: (GENIE DES LIEUX and workspace CBRE).During the work, we have shown some difficulty intercomprehension that emerged in the conception activities. We have concluded, as a result, that these obstacles were due to relational tacit knowledges (RTK) according to Harry Collins theory. However these difficulties can be made explicit by the conception of intermediate objects.We have also noticed that ho when conceiving the artifacts into two and three dimensions, this allows the generation of new and useful knowledges in a project of work space planning
Minchella, Delphine. "Le rôle de la spatialité dans la mise en place du New Model Worker : du projet Valmy aux tours de la Défense de la Société Générale". Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090009/document.
Texto completoWilling to turn a tremendous item of expenditure into a real organizational resource, organizations usually perceive their spaces as potential management tools, but from conceived spaces to lived ones, a noticeable gap is often to be found. This thesis aims at understanding what an organizational space can reveal about the ongoing management practices: what can we understand from the way space is organized, beyond official discourses? Our research is focused on a case: an international bank's headquarter, from its original architectural project document (written in 1989) to 2014, that is to say: six years of construction (as the towers were delivered in 1995) and nineteen years of spatial practice. This is particularly interesting for those towers were supposed to help implement a "New Model Worker" through a particular spatial setting, favorable to informal communication. From our collected data, we've been able to build up a fresh perspective - an analysis grid gathering space, place, and artefacts - to better understand organizational spaces
Branque, Denis. "Étude de l'auto-ensouillement des pipelines flexibles soumis à la houle et aux courants marins". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0127.
Texto completoLebed, Victoria. "Objets tressés : une étude unificatrice de structures algébriques et une catégorification des tresses virtuelles". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00775857.
Texto completoGignac, Yannick. "La dynamique spatiale du marché des bureaux dans la région métropolitaine de Montréal de 1987 à 2001". Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14876.
Texto completoMelançon-Beauséjour, Chloé. "Savoirs traditionnels autochtones, projets environnementaux et revalorisation culturelle : étude de cas du Bureau environnement et terre d’Odanak". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20725.
Texto completoBaêna, Luís Francisco Gasiba de Sárrea Sanches de. "Tratamento de dados e análise de compatibilidade no Plano de Ordenamento da Orla Costeira Burgau-Vilamoura e no Plano de Ordenamento do Espaço Marítimo". Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/20527.
Texto completoAbstract: INAG IP is an autonomous central organism with jurisdiction over all nation ground. This institution has as prior objective the creation and execution of politics over the hydric resources with the sole purpose of attaining a sustainable management. InterSIG is an infrastructure for spatial data created by INAG in order to provide the users harmonized data The internship consisted in the data management and edition (using ARcGis 9.x), creation of metadata and insertion of the Plan for Coastlines and Plan for Marine Areas in to an IDE called InterSIG, and make an assessment for an harmonization between the two plans. For the data management there were made conversions from CAD to shapefiles, and implementation of a new organization for the alphanumeric table in order for it to become smaller, simpler and more efficient, and correction of error due to bad conversion just like areas that are represented as lines. After all the tasks were done, metadata were created for each set of data and both data and metadata were inserted in a IDE, in this case InterSIG. The second stage consisted in making an analysis of the Plan for Marine Areas in the same way the previous pan was analysed to look for probable mistakes, so we could make an assessment of an harmonization between plans was even possible. In the end of the internship, the Plan for Coastlines was converted into GIS environment with a suitable table that was harmonized with all the other plans of this sort, and were inputted into InterSIG. The Plan for Marine Areas was analysed and identified some errors that were dully noted. The last step of my work consisted in creating a table witch contained all elements of a non harmonization between this two plans.
Guedes, Joana Motta 1983. "Em torno da conceção e da receção da arte pública". Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/7923.
Texto completoOs anexos completos encontram-se em formato digital, apenas consultáveis na Biblioteca da Faculdade de Belas Artes. Os Anexos I a IV dizem respeito aos trabalhos de Maria Keil, Eduardo Nery, Daniel Buren e Olafur Eliasson, respectivamente. Nos anexos V a XIX incluem-se todos os elementos e fases de desenvolvimento do projecto para da intervenção plástica da nossa autoria na Estação de Agualva-Cacém, dos quais fazem parte pesquisas, estudos, fotografias, desenhos realizados, propostas finais, registos fotográficos da produção e da instalação, assim como imagens do resultado final depois do trabalho integrado no local. No conteúdo da tese, realizamos uma selecção e são apresentados apenas uma parte dos anexos que contêm estes elementos
In this paper an approach is made to the subject of public art from the point of view of artistic practice and specific issues it raises, linking it with the theoretical reflection. The "public sphere" is addressed as a privileged mean for interpersonal relationships and hosting public art. Some definitions of public art are reviewed and the difficulty of defining this artistic field is reasoned. Contemporary public art has a hybrid character, integrating multiple discourses and practices, various foundations and motivations. A critical analysis is developed through the work of public art by Eduardo Nery and Mary Keil in Portugal, as well as Daniel Buren and Olafur Eliasson abroad. We explore the question of artistic production in the public space field, exposure and characterization of the concerns, conception and execution stages of my own plastic work with an intervention in the urban space, conducted between 2010 and 2012. For each author’s work we dissect working methods, development of the creative process, motivation, speech, formal and expressive elements, concepts and central ideas of work, possible interpretations and meanings. The public art projects that are designed to treat the installation’s specific place are addressed to the general public and are designed to open a fruition, which causes different readings. We inquire artistic creation in public space as a compromise to several factors, examining their relationship with their spaces and their publics and simultaneously a challenge for the artist and for observers. Several artistic proposals which are developed around the urban and social multiplicity seeking to connect people to places through art are investigated
Rebelo, Maria Miguel Costa. "Relatório de estágio curricular na Instância Central Criminal do Porto". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/57495.
Texto completoEste relatório tem em vista a análise de um grande caso de escravidão que surgiu na Instância Central Criminal do Porto. Neste caso os agentes de nacionalidade portuguesa, na sua maioria homens de etnia cigana, aliciavam os ofendidos (na sua maioria homens de nacionalidade portuguesa com algum tipo de vulnerabilidade interna, designadamente problemas do foro psicológico, dependências de álcool ou estupefacientes, graves problemas económicos, etc.) com promessas de trabalho que sabiam de antemão que não iriam cumprir. A partir do momento da aceitação por parte dos ofendidos de tal proposta, os mesmos eram encaminhados pelos agentes diretamente para Espanha (ou fazendo uma paragem de alguns dias na região do Norte de Portugal, perto da fronteira), na maioria das vezes sem avisar nenhum familiar ou amigo. Já em Espanha, as vítimas passavam a ser tratadas como se de objetos se tratassem, sendo desposadas de qualquer dignidade. Efetivamente, as mesmas eram sujeitas a trabalho forçado durante várias horas por dia, desde o nascer-do-sol ao pôr-do-sol, 7 dias por semana sem qualquer descanso. Durante todo este período de tempo os ofendidos eram severamente controlados pelos agentes destes crimes, sendo agredidos ou ameaçados de morte se parassem de trabalhar ou se tentassem a fuga. Enquanto isso, as vítimas eram mantidas em condições bastante precárias quer de alimentação quer de higiene, muito, à maneira como eram tratados os animais. Assim, ao me deparar com este caso, foram vários os problemas que surgiram. Num primeiro momento, resolvi fazer um breve enquadramento do crime aqui tratado – o crime de escravidão. De seguida coloquei a dúvida acerca de qual a jurisdição competente para julgar este caso, na medida em que o crime ocorreu tanto em Portugal como em Espanha, tendo a sua iniciação e planeamento ocorrido em Portugal e tendo o seu resultado demonstrado os seus efeitos em Espanha, pelo que se suscitou logo a questão da aplicação da lei penal no espaço. Também a responsabilidade criminal dos empregadores espanhóis merece ser devidamente explorada, já que, se não existirem pessoas que usufruam destes serviços, os crimes de escravidão e de tráfico de pessoas certamente reduzirão. Por fim, pareceu-me de elevada importância tratar da delimitação entre o crime de escravidão e os crimes afins, bem como a questão do concurso de crimes (principalmente entre o crime de tráfico de pessoas e de burla relativa a trabalho), questão que se me afigurou bastante complexa.