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Berrocoso, M., C. Torrecillas, B. Jigena y A. Fernández-Ros. "Determination of geomorphological and volumetric variations in the 1970 land volcanic craters area (Deception Island, Antarctica) from 1968 using historical and current maps, remote sensing and GNSS". Antarctic Science 24, n.º 4 (8 de marzo de 2012): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102012000193.
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AbstractDuring the nearly 40 years covered by the study, major height differences of over ± 25 m have been revealed in the volcanic landscape of the 1970 craters in Deception Island, an active volcano in the South Shetland Islands (West Antarctica). In the last 14 years, the mean volcanic filling rate has been 1 m yr-1 and the mean erosion rate has been -0.2 m yr-1. There has been considerable landform modification mainly associated with landslide-induced accumulation, and erosion may indicate the craters’ fill over the next 30–40 years. Deception Island's eruptions have been recorded since 1842. Special attention was paid to the zones affected by the most recent volcanic events and the geomorphological changes that have taken place in those zones since then (e.g. the 1970 volcanic craters area in the last episode occurring between 1967 and 1970). Historical maps (produced before and just after the 1970 eruption) were compared with maps plotted in 1992 and updated using a 2003 image from the Quickbird satellite and data obtained with Global Navigation Satellite System technology in 2006. Techniques used included both geodetic transformation and the geometric correcting of maps.
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Vestergaard, Rikke, Gro Birkefeldt Møller Pedersen y Christian Tegner. "The 1845–46 and 1766–68 eruptions at Hekla volcano: new lava volume estimates, historical accounts and emplacement dynamics". JOKULL 70 (8 de abril de 2021): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33799/jokull2020.70.035.
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We use new remote sensing data, historical reports, petrology and estimates of viscosity based on geochemical data to illuminate the lava emplacement flow-lines and vent structure changes of the summit ridge of Hekla during the large eruptions of 1845–46 and 1766–68. Based on the planimetric method we estimate the bulk volumes of these eruptions close to 0.4 km3 and 0.7 km3, respectively. However, comparison with volume estimates from the well-recorded 1947–48 eruption, indicates that the planimetric method appears to underestimate the lava bulk volumes by 40–60%. Hence, the true bulk volumes are more likely 0.5–0.6 km3 and 1.0–1.2 km3, respectively. Estimated melt viscosity averages for the 1766–68 eruption amount to 2.5 x10**2 Pa s (pre-eruptive) and 2.5x10**3 Pa s (degassed), and for the 1845–46 eruption 2.2x10**2 Pa s (pre-eruptive) and 1.9x10**3 Pa s (degassed). Pre-eruptive magmas are about one order of magnitude more fluid than degassed magmas. In the 1845–46 and 1947–48 eruptions, SiO2 decreased from 58–57 to 55–54 wt% agreeing with a conventional model that Hekla erupts from a large, layered magma chamber with the most evolved (silica-rich) magmas at the top. In contrast, the lava-flows from 1766–68 reveal a more complicated SiO2 trend. The lava fields emplaced in 1766 to the south have SiO2 values 54.9–56.5%, while the Hringlandahraun lava-flow that erupted from younger vents on the NE end of the Hekla ridge in March 1767 has higher SiO2 of 57.8%. This shows that the layered magma chamber model is not suitable for all lava-flows emplaced during Hekla eruptions.
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Dujsebayeva, Tatjana Nikolayevna y Irina Ismailovna Arifulova. "The Development of <i>Rana arvalis</i> (Amphibia, Ranidae), with Attention to the Skin Texture and Timing of Metamorphosis Events". Russian Journal of Herpetology 31, n.º 2 (23 de abril de 2024): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2024-31-2-95-104.
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For the first time, a description and timing of the development of the main external morphological characteristics of Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842 is presented, with particular attention to the formation of skin texture. The first signs of texture in the form of dark stripes and spots appeared in tadpole skin at stages G39 – 40. At G41 – 44, the body of the tadpole acquired a typical «frog» position with an orientation of 20 – 30° to the substrate, dorsolateral stripes transformed into folds, and dark spots into tubercles in the caudo-rostral direction. At the end of metamorphosis (G45 – 46), the texture formation was completed on the entire back, and the type of morph (striata, non-striata) was easily determined. The period between the first signs of the appearance of skin texture and its complete formation took 6 – 12 days. The most stable was the interval between the primary protrusion of the forelimbs under the skin and the eruption of the first one (~12 h). The period between the eruption of the first and second forelimbs was the most variable (from an hour to three days). The results obtained highlight the plasticity and problematic nature of the phenomenon of metamorphosis in amphibians.
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Wahyudi, T. A. Barus y S. Ilyas. "Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in tissues of keperas (Cyclocheilichthys apogon Val. 1842) in Lake Lau Kawar, North Sumatra". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 912, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012044.
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Abstract Lake Lau Kawar is one of the exposed areas in North Sumatra by the volcanic ash originating from Mount Sinabung eruption. The lake has been utilized as a tourism site and fish resources for consumption by the local community. Keperas (Cyclocheilichthys apogon Val. 1842) is one of the native fish commonly caught by the community. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of selected heavy metals such as copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) accumulated by C. apogon and the ones present in the lake water. The results showed that Zn present in the highest concentration followed by Cu and Pb as similar to the results from bioconcentration factor (BCF). All heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) exhibited their highest concentrations in the gills, while the muscles possessed the lowest concentrations of all metals. Risk assessment based on the national and internasional standard revealed that the concentration of these metals was relatively low and safe for consumption.
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Smith, Nathan, Joyce A. Guzik, Henny J. G. L. M. Lamers, Joseph P. Cassinelli y Roberta M. Humphreys. "Blitz Model for the Eruptions of Eta Carinae". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 169 (1999): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100072079.
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AbstractFollowing the “Great Eruption” of 1843, η Carinae underwent a second major eruption around 1890. We suggest a preliminary working model developed during this meeting (in one night, hence the term “Blitz”) that attempts to explain the temporal development of the 19th century eruptions of η Car, as well as the formation of the Homunculus nebula (note that we are not offering an explanation for the cause of the Great Eruption!). The essence of the model is that after the Great Eruption ends, the star’s extended outer envelope re-adjusts itself on a thermal time scale. This re-adjustment allows envelope material to crash back onto the surface of the star, inducing the second eruption in 1890.
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Zehnder, Christian. "Norwid's "tatarski czyn". Between hierarchy and eruption (semantics, contexts, and consequences)". Studia Norwidiana 37 English Version (2020): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sn.2019.37-2en.
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Drawing on a scholarly polemic of the 1930s, this paper differentiates between two ways of understanding and translating Cyprian Norwid’s formula “tatarski czyn,” as ‘Tatar deed’ (from the Polish czyn) or as ‘Tatar rank’ (from the Russian chin according to the Tsarist Table of Ranks). The aim is to show how the eruptive versus the hierarchical readings of “tatarski czyn” have influenced the opinions on Norwid’s dialogic treatise Promethidion (1851) and, more generally, on his criticism of the utopian thought of Polish Romanticism and of Russian po-litics. It was Adam Mickiewicz who in the 1820s and 1830s pointed to the homonymy between czyn and chin and its potential in enacting ambivalences between the seemingly incommensurable imaginaries of eruption and hierarchy. Moreover, Mickiewicz already linked both understandings of czyn with a stereotypical Tatar, or Mongolian, “Asianness.” In this respect, Norwid’s formula is fairly conventional. What is genuinely original, however, is how Norwid turns Mickiewicz’s earlier ideas against those of the later Mickiewicz who, in his Paris Lectures on the Slavs (1840–1844), seems to glorify the “Tatar deed.” In contrast to the “bloody ladder” of Russian bureaucracy and the irrational tendency in Mickiewicz’s activism, Norwid suggests a “gradual labor” culminating in, not erupting with, the deed (Promethidion). This aspect of Norwid’s metaphorical thought is shown in a parallel reading with the philosopher August Cieszkowski who, in his Prolegomena to Historiosophy (1838), conceptualized history as a “texture of deeds” leading to institutions. Similarly, Norwid’s positive notion of the deed, i.e. his revision of Romantic activism, should be situated beyond the alternatives of eruption and hierarchy.
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Kolbuszewski, Jacek. "Z dziejów tematyki górskiej w literaturze czeskiej. František Palacký i Milota Zdirad Polák". Góry, Literatura, Kultura 12 (1 de agosto de 2019): 121–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.12.9.
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On the history of mountain-related topics in Czech literature: František Palacký and Milota Zdirad PolákThe literature of the Czech national revival produced a unique type of cestopis travel account, which, from a Polish point of view, could be regarded as an equivalent of accounts of Polish Romantic travels of fellow countrymen across their country. In the Czech literature we can distinguish a clear thematic group associated with the Karkonosze mountains. It includes M.S. Patrčky’s O Krkonošských horách 1823, Josef Myslimír Ludvík’s Myslimír, po horách krkonošských putující 1824, Karel Slavoj Amerling’s Cesta na Sněžku 1832, Karel Hynek Mácha’s Pouť Krkonošská 1833–34, František Tomsa Přátelské dopisy z cesty na Sněžku 1845, Josef Frič’s Cesta přes Friedland na Krkonoše 1846, and Karel Hanuš’s Cesta na Sněžku 1847. These works testify to an expansion of themes tackled by literature during the so-called national revival. Characteristic forms of the period conformed to the Classical, pre-Romantic and Romantic conventions. One of the most interesting themes tackled by literature in those days were the mountains. In line with the spirit of national revival, the Czech cult of the domestic was expressed in the linking of the homeland and its landscape with important aspects of Czech national identity. This convention of referring, as means of self-identification, to spatial symbolism and its vocabulary was visible in the Czech and Slovak culture in several aspects. The vocabulary of Czech national symbols now included the Karkonosze mountains, Šumava or the Bohemian Forest, the Tatras and the Blanik hill. František Palacký referred to landscape-linked symbolism in his ode Na horu Radhošť, added to his youthful work, written together with Pavel Josef Šafařík, Počátkové českého básnictví obzvláště prosodie 1818. The poem formally served as an example illustrating theoretical analyses of poetry included in the study in question. Using the fact that Radhošť was a mountain in Moravia, Palacký included the mountain as a motif in a rather unique founding myth associated with the local Moravian patriotism. Thus mountains became a representative motif of the literature of the Czech national revival. When it comes to Czech poetry, mountain motifs were introduced into it on a broader scale for the first time by Milota Zdirad Polák Matěj Polák, 1788–1856 in his descriptive poem Vznešenost přírody 1819. Polák’s novelty lay in his introduction into Czech literature of a new genre, descriptive poem, as well as linguistic experiments neologisms thanks to which he developed his own poetic language. Using the category of the sublime as a tool to interpret the natural phenomena he described, Polák sought to demonstrate the richness of the forms of the world, their complexity and diversity. That is why the catalogue of motifs he used is vast. It accorded an appropriate place to the mountains with a brave attempt to concretise their motif: fragments of the poem deal with the Alps, a description of the Karkonosze mountains is highlighted and there is also a motif of volcanic eruption. Undoubtedly the most interesting and artistically the most valuable is an extensive fragment of the poem devoted to the Karkonosze mountains. The fear of the horror of high mountains, the Alps, described in the poem, found its equivalent in the writings of Jan Kollár 1793–1852, who presented his emotions associated with his stay in the Alps in an account of an 1841 journey to Italy Cestopis obsahující cestu do Horní Italie a odtud přes Tyrolsko a Bavorsko, se zvláštním ohledem na slavjanské živly roku 1841 konanou, Budin 1843. Both writers, Polák and Kollár, were hugely impressed by the mountains, but this did not lead to any Romantic reflection on their part.
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Shafter, Allen W., Kenta Taguchi, Jingyuan Zhao y Kamil Hornoch. "M31N 2017-01e: Discovery of a Previous Eruption in this Enigmatic Recurrent Nova". Research Notes of the AAS 6, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2022): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/aca2a6.
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Abstract We report the discovery of a previously unknown eruption of the recurrent nova M31N 2017-01e that took place on 2012 January 11. The earlier eruption was detected by Pan-STARRS and occurred 1847 days (5.06 yr) prior to the eruption on 2017 January 31 (M31N 2017-01e). The nova has now been seen to have had a total of four recorded eruptions (M31N 2012-01c, 2017-01e, 2019-09d, and 2022-03d) with a mean time between outbursts of just 929.5 ± 6.8 days (2.545 ± 0.019 yr), the second shortest recurrence time known for any nova. We also show that there is a blue variable source (〈V〉 = 20.56 ± 0.17, B − V ≃ 0.045), apparently coincident with the position of the nova, that exhibits a 14.3 days periodicity. Possible models of the system are proposed, but none are entirely satisfactory.
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Domínguez-Castro, F., P. Ribera, R. García-Herrera, J. M. Vaquero, M. Barriendos, J. M. Cuadrat y J. M. Moreno. "Assessing extreme droughts in Spain during 1750–1850 from rogation ceremonies". Climate of the Past 8, n.º 2 (2 de abril de 2012): 705–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-705-2012.
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Abstract. Among the different meteorological hazards, droughts are those with the highest socio-economical impact on the Iberian Peninsula. Drought events have been largely studied in the instrumental period, but very little is known about the characteristics of droughts in the preinstrumental period. In this work, several series of rogation ceremonies are used to identify severe droughts within the period 1750–1850. The overlapping of the rogation series with some instrumental series served to identify some climatic characteristics of rogation ceremonies: (a) during spring, rainfall deficits needed to celebrate rogation ceremonies are smaller than in any other season; (b) the hydrological deficit in a particular region increases with the number of locations celebrating rogations simultaneously. On the other hand, it was found that between 1750–1754 and 1779–1783 are probably the driest periods of the 101 analyzed years. Both show an important number of rogations all over Iberia and during all the seasons. The most extended drought of this period occurred during the spring of 1817, affecting 15 of the 16 locations studied. This drought was influenced by the Tambora eruption (1815). The study of the climate footprint of this eruption and its comparison with similar situations in the series suggest that the spring drought of 1824 may be associated with the eruptions of the Galunggung and Usu volcanoes (1822). Further studies are required to confirm this fact and understand the atmospheric mechanisms involved.
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Domínguez-Castro, F., P. Ribera, R. García-Herrera, J. M. Vaquero, M. Barriendos, J. M. Cuadrat y J. M. Moreno. "Assessing extreme droughts in the Iberian Peninsula during 1750–1850 from rogation ceremonies". Climate of the Past Discussions 7, n.º 6 (23 de noviembre de 2011): 4037–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-4037-2011.
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Abstract. Among the different meteorological risks, droughts are the ones with the highest socio-economical impact in the Iberian Peninsula. Drought events have been largely studied in the instrumental period, but very little is known about the characteristics of droughts in the preinstrumental period. In this work, new series of rogation ceremonies identify severe droughts within the period 1750–1850. The overlapping of the rogation series with some instrumental series served to identify some climatic characteristics of rogation ceremonies: a) during spring, rainfall deficits needed to celebrate rogation ceremonies are smaller than in any other season; b) when the number of location celebrating rogations increases in a region the hydrological deficit on each location increases as well. On the other hand, it was found that the periods 1750–1754 and 1779–1783 are probably the driest periods of the 101 analyzed years. Both show an important number of rogations all over the Iberian Peninsula and during all the seasons. The most extended drought of this period occurred during the spring of 1817, affecting 15 of the 16 locations studied. This drought was influenced by the Tambora eruption (1815). The study of the climate footprint of this eruption and its comparison with similar situations in the series suggest that the spring drought of 1824 may be associated with the eruptions of the Galunggung and Usu volcanoes (1822). Further studies are required to confirm this fact and understand the atmospheric mechanisms involved.
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Lundberg, Joyce y Donald A. McFarlane. "A Significant middle Pleistocene tephra deposit preserved in the caves of Mulu, Borneo". Quaternary Research 77, n.º 3 (mayo de 2012): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.01.007.
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A distinctive white sediment in the caves of Mulu, Sarawak, Borneo is a well-preserved tephra, representing a fluvially transported surface air-fall deposit, re-deposited inside the caves. We show that the tephra is not the Younger Toba Tephra, formerly considered as most likely. The shards are rod-shaped with elongate tubular vesicles; the largest grains ~ 170 μm in length; of rhyolitic composition; and 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70426 ± 0.00001. U–Th dating of associated calcites suggest that the tephra was deposited before 125 ± 4 ka, and probably before 156 ± 2 ka. Grain size and distance from closest potential source suggests an eruption of VEI 7. Prevailing winds, grain size, thickness of deposit, location of potential sources, and Sr isotopic ratio limit the source to the Philippines. Comparisons with the literature give the best match geochemically with layer 1822 from Ku et al. (2009a), dated by ocean core stratigraphy to 189 ka. This tephra represents a rare terrestrial repository indicating a very substantial Plinian/Ultra-Plinian eruption that covered the Mulu region of Borneo with ash, a region that rarely receives tephra from even the largest known eruptions in the vicinity. It likely will be a valuable chronostratigraphic marker for sedimentary, palaeontological and archaeological studies.
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Yamaguchi, David K. y Donald B. Lawrence. "Tree-ring evidence for 1842?1843 eruptive activity at the Goat Rocks dome, Mount St. Helens, Washington". Bulletin of Volcanology 55, n.º 4 (mayo de 1993): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00624354.
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Anet, J. G., S. Muthers, E. V. Rozanov, C. C. Raible, A. Stenke, A. I. Shapiro, S. Brönnimann et al. "Impact of solar versus volcanic activity variations on tropospheric temperatures and precipitation during the Dalton Minimum". Climate of the Past 10, n.º 3 (9 de mayo de 2014): 921–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-921-2014.
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Abstract. The aim of this work is to elucidate the impact of changes in solar irradiance and energetic particles versus volcanic eruptions on tropospheric global climate during the Dalton Minimum (DM, AD 1780–1840). Separate variations in the (i) solar irradiance in the UV-C with wavelengths λ < 250 nm, (ii) irradiance at wavelengths λ > 250 nm, (iii) in energetic particle spectrum, and (iv) volcanic aerosol forcing were analyzed separately, and (v) in combination, by means of small ensemble calculations using a coupled atmosphere–ocean chemistry–climate model. Global and hemispheric mean surface temperatures show a significant dependence on solar irradiance at λ > 250 nm. Also, powerful volcanic eruptions in 1809, 1815, 1831 and 1835 significantly decreased global mean temperature by up to 0.5 K for 2–3 years after the eruption. However, while the volcanic effect is clearly discernible in the Southern Hemispheric mean temperature, it is less significant in the Northern Hemisphere, partly because the two largest volcanic eruptions occurred in the SH tropics and during seasons when the aerosols were mainly transported southward, partly because of the higher northern internal variability. In the simulation including all forcings, temperatures are in reasonable agreement with the tree ring-based temperature anomalies of the Northern Hemisphere. Interestingly, the model suggests that solar irradiance changes at λ < 250 nm and in energetic particle spectra have only an insignificant impact on the climate during the Dalton Minimum. This downscales the importance of top–down processes (stemming from changes at λ < 250 nm) relative to bottom–up processes (from λ > 250 nm). Reduction of irradiance at λ > 250 nm leads to a significant (up to 2%) decrease in the ocean heat content (OHC) between 0 and 300 m in depth, whereas the changes in irradiance at λ < 250 nm or in energetic particles have virtually no effect. Also, volcanic aerosol yields a very strong response, reducing the OHC of the upper ocean by up to 1.5%. In the simulation with all forcings, the OHC of the uppermost levels recovers after 8–15 years after volcanic eruption, while the solar signal and the different volcanic eruptions dominate the OHC changes in the deeper ocean and prevent its recovery during the DM. Finally, the simulations suggest that the volcanic eruptions during the DM had a significant impact on the precipitation patterns caused by a widening of the Hadley cell and a shift in the intertropical convergence zone.
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Anet, J. G., S. Muthers, E. V. Rozanov, C. C. Raible, A. Stenke, A. I. Shapiro, S. Brönnimann et al. "Impact of solar vs. volcanic activity variations on tropospheric temperatures and precipitation during the Dalton Minimum". Climate of the Past Discussions 9, n.º 6 (4 de noviembre de 2013): 6179–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-6179-2013.
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Abstract. The aim of this work is to elucidate the impact of changes in solar irradiance and energetic particles vs. volcanic eruptions on tropospheric global climate during the Dalton Minimum (DM, 1780–1840 AD). Separate variations in the (i) solar irradiance in the UV-C with wavelengths λ < 250 nm, (ii) irradiance at wavelengths λ > 250 nm, (iii) in energetic particle spectrum, and (iv) volcanic aerosol forcing were analyzed separately, and (v) in combination, by means of small ensemble calculations using a coupled atmosphere-ocean chemistry-climate-model. Global and hemispheric mean surface temperatures show a significant dependence on solar irradiance at λ > 250 nm. Also, powerful volcanic eruptions in 1809, 1815, 1831 and 1835 significantly decrease global mean temperature by up to 0.5 K for 2–3 yr after the eruption. However, while the volcanic effect is clearly discernible in the southern hemispheric mean temperature, it is less significant in the Northern Hemisphere, partly because the two largest volcanic eruptions occurred in the SH tropics and during seasons when the aerosols were mainly transported southward, partly because of the higher northern internal variability. In the simulation including all forcings, temperatures are in reasonable agreement with the tree-ring-based temperature anomalies of the Northern Hemisphere. Interestingly, the model suggests that solar irradiance changes at λ < 250 nm and in energetic particle spectra have only insignificant impact on the climate during the Dalton Minimum. This downscales the importance of top-down processes (stemming from changes at λ < 250 nm) relative to bottom-up processes (from λ > 250 nm). Reduction of irradiance at λ > 250 nm leads to a significant (up to 2%) decrease of the ocean heat content (OHC) between the 0 and 300 m of depth, whereas the changes in irradiance at λ < 250 nm or in energetic particle have virtually no effect. Also, volcanic aerosol yields a very strong response, reducing the OHC of the upper ocean by up to 1.5%. In the simulation with all forcings, the OHC of the uppermost levels recovers after 8–15 yr after volcanic eruption, while the solar signal and the different volcanic eruptions dominate the OHC changes in the deeper ocean and prevent its recovery during the DM. Finally, the simulations suggest that the volcanic eruptions during the DM had a significant impact on the precipitation patterns caused by a widening of the Hadley cell and a shift of the intertropical convergence zone.
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Kearney, Nicola, Li Jie Helena Yoo, Cliona Ryan y Richard Watchorn. "P003 Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji-like eruption: unfolding a distinctive reactive pattern". British Journal of Dermatology 191, Supplement_1 (28 de junio de 2024): i15—i16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae090.030.
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Abstract A 79-year-old man undergoing investigation for persistent leucocytosis and unintentional weight loss was referred with a 3-month history of an intensely pruritic rash. Examination revealed an extensive eruption of erythematous–brown papules and pustules that coalesced into confluent areas, with sparing of the inframammary region. Initial investigations included a leucocytosis of 18.2 × 109 cells L−1, with a peripheral eosinophilia of 5.8 × 109 cells L−1. Skin biopsies from his limbs exhibited parakeratosis, spongiosis, neutrophil aggregates in the stratum corneum, and upper-dermal perivascular chronic inflammation with abundant eosinophils extending into the overlying epidermis. An underlying lymphoproliferative disorder was suspected, but a bone marrow aspirate did not support this, instead exhibiting a striking increase in eosinophils with a normal spectrum of maturation. Further investigations, including liver biopsy, revealed a metastatic adenocarcinoma of colorectal origin. Telmisartan, the only recently initiated medication, was commenced 3 months prior to the onset of the rash but discontinued after 4 weeks due to pruritus. The initial working diagnosis was that of a paraneoplastic rash. The patient was initiated on topical fusidic acid/betamethasone and clobetasol, and received intravenous 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. After 3 months, the rash remained recalcitrant. Subsequent oral prednisolone yielded partial benefit, with improvement in itch but persistent rash. Further reflection on the clinicopathological features lead to a diagnosis of papuloerythroderma of Ofuji (PEO)-like eruption with pustules. The patient was initiated on acitretin and referred for urgent phototherapy (acitretin–ultraviolet B) and is currently being observed for response. PEO is an eosinophilic dermatosis most commonly observed in male patients, and in those aged above 55 years (Desai K, Miteva M, Romanelli P et al. Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji. Clin Dermatol 2021; 39: 248–55). The pathogenesis is unknown, but associations with malignancy and drugs are documented. Features include peripheral eosinophilia and an eosinophilic infiltrate on histology (Desai et al.). A notable clinical feature is sparing of skinfolds; this feature was not initially appreciated in our patient, being relatively subtle due to his emaciated state. PEO-like eruptions with neutrophilic pustules have been previously reported (Maekawa A, Nakagawa Y, Kakuda K et al. A case of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis presenting as papuloerythroderma of Ofuji-like eruption. J Cutan Immunol Allerg 2021; 4: 37–8). This patient satisfies criteria for secondary hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) in the context of a known underlying malignancy. The relationship between PEO and HES is not known, with only one previous report suggesting a relationship. Given the distinct clinical morphology, patient demographics, underlying malignancy, and absence of atopy, we propose that the PEO-like eruption with pustules in this case represents a clinical manifestation of paraneoplastic HES. As HES may be responsive to mepolizumab, we suggest that cases of PEO-like eruptions undergo evaluation for underlying HES, given the potential for targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Kearney, Nicola, Li Jie Helena Yoo, Cliona Ryan y Richard Watchorn. "BG04 (P003) Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji-like eruption: unfolding a distinctive reactive pattern". British Journal of Dermatology 191, Supplement_1 (28 de junio de 2024): i119—i120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae090.250.
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Abstract A 79-year-old man undergoing investigation for persistent leucocytosis and unintentional weight loss was referred with a 3-month history of an intensely pruritic rash. Examination revealed an extensive eruption of erythematous–brown papules and pustules that coalesced into confluent areas, with sparing of the inframammary region. Initial investigations included a leucocytosis of 18.2 × 109 cells L−1, with a peripheral eosinophilia of 5.8 × 109 cells L−1. Skin biopsies from his limbs exhibited parakeratosis, spongiosis, neutrophil aggregates in the stratum corneum, and upper-dermal perivascular chronic inflammation with abundant eosinophils extending into the overlying epidermis. An underlying lymphoproliferative disorder was suspected, but a bone marrow aspirate did not support this, instead exhibiting a striking increase in eosinophils with a normal spectrum of maturation. Further investigations, including liver biopsy, revealed a metastatic adenocarcinoma of colorectal origin. Telmisartan, the only recently initiated medication, was commenced 3 months prior to the onset of the rash but discontinued after 4 weeks due to pruritus. The initial working diagnosis was that of a paraneoplastic rash. The patient was initiated on topical fusidic acid/betamethasone and clobetasol, and received intravenous 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. After 3 months, the rash remained recalcitrant. Subsequent oral prednisolone yielded partial benefit, with improvement in itch but persistent rash. Further reflection on the clinicopathological features led to a diagnosis of papuloerythroderma of Ofuji (PEO)-like eruption with pustules. The patient was initiated on acitretin and referred for urgent phototherapy (acitretin–ultraviolet B) and is currently being observed for response. PEO is an eosinophilic dermatosis most commonly observed in male patients, and in those aged above 55 years (Desai K, Miteva M, Romanelli P et al. Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji. Clin Dermatol 2021; 39: 248–55). The pathogenesis is unknown, but associations with malignancy and drugs are documented. Features include peripheral eosinophilia and an eosinophilic infiltrate on histology (Desai et al.). A notable clinical feature is sparing of skinfolds; this feature was not initially appreciated in our patient, being relatively subtle due to his emaciated state. PEO-like eruptions with neutrophilic pustules have been previously reported (Maekawa A, Nakagawa Y, Kakuda K et al. A case of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis presenting as papuloerythroderma of Ofuji-like eruption. J Cutan Immunol Allerg 2021; 4: 37–8). This patient satisfies criteria for secondary hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) in the context of a known underlying malignancy. The relationship between PEO and HES is not known, with only one previous report suggesting a relationship. Given the distinct clinical morphology, patient demographics, underlying malignancy, and absence of atopy, we propose that the PEO-like eruption with pustules in this case represents a clinical manifestation of paraneoplastic HES. As HES may be responsive to mepolizumab, we suggest that cases of PEO-like eruptions undergo evaluation for underlying HES, given the potential for targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Dalin, P., N. Pertsev y V. Romejko. "Notes on historical aspects on the earliest known observations of noctilucent clouds". History of Geo- and Space Sciences 3, n.º 1 (27 de marzo de 2012): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-3-87-2012.
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Abstract. The present paper considers historical aspects of the earliest known observations of noctilucent clouds (NLCs). The 1884 and 1885 are discussed by considering important historical citations by the pioneers of the earliest known observations of noctilucent clouds. For the first time in NLC studies, we consider seven major volcanic eruptions: Laki in 1783, Mount St. Helens in 1800, Tambora in 1815, Galunggung in 1822, Cosigüina in 1835, Shiveluch in 1854 and Askja in 1875. These all preceded the catastrophic 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, which despite having a lesser magnitude than Tambora in 1815, had pronounced effects on the atmosphere. These eruptions represent possible triggers for the appearance of NLCs. For the first time, we publish an unknown, in English-speaking literature, historical fact on the first determinations of the altitude of noctilucent clouds made by two Russian astronomers V. K. Tseraskii and A. A. Belopolskii on 26 June 1885, who managed to infer the altitude of the clouds in the range of 73–83 km, that is, for the first time, demonstrating the possible existence of the clouds at great altitudes in the Earth's atmosphere. Moreover, V. K. Tseraskii was the first observer to photograph noctilucent clouds in 1885 or 1886, which is 1–2 yr before the German astronomer O. Jesse, who owns the first published images of noctilucent clouds. The photographs made by V. K. Tseraskii, unfortunately, did not reach us.
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Kim, Woon Mi, Richard Blender, Michael Sigl, Martina Messmer y Christoph C. Raible. "Statistical characteristics of extreme daily precipitation during 1501 BCE–1849 CE in the Community Earth System Model". Climate of the Past 17, n.º 5 (8 de octubre de 2021): 2031–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2031-2021.
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Abstract. In this study, we analyze extreme daily precipitation during the pre-industrial period from 1501 BCE to 1849 CE in simulations from the Community Earth System Model version 1.2.2. A peak-over-threshold (POT) extreme value analysis is employed to examine characteristics of extreme precipitation and to identify connections of extreme precipitation with the external forcing and with modes of internal variability. The POT analysis shows that extreme precipitation with similar statistical characteristics, i.e., the probability density distributions, tends to cluster spatially. There are differences in the distribution of extreme precipitation between the Pacific and Atlantic sectors and between the northern high and southern low latitudes. Extreme precipitation during the pre-industrial period is largely influenced by modes of internal variability, such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific North American, and Pacific South American patterns, among others, and regional surface temperatures. In general, the modes of variability exhibit a statistically significant connection to extreme precipitation in the vicinity to their regions of action. The exception is ENSO, which shows more widespread influence on extreme precipitation across the Earth. In addition, the regions with which extreme precipitation is more associated, either by a mode of variability or by the regional surface temperature, are distinguished. Regional surface temperatures are associated with extreme precipitation over lands at the extratropical latitudes and over the tropical oceans. In other regions, the influence of modes of variability is still dominant. Effects of the changes in the orbital parameters on extreme precipitation are rather weak compared to those of the modes of internal variability and of the regional surface temperatures. Still, some regions in central Africa, southern Asia, and the tropical Atlantic ocean show statistically significant connections between extreme precipitation and orbital forcing, implying that in these regions, extreme precipitation has increased linearly during the 3351-year pre-industrial period. Tropical volcanic eruptions affect extreme precipitation more clearly in the short term up to a few years, altering both the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation. However, more apparent changes are found in the frequency than the intensity of extreme precipitation. After eruptions, the return periods of extreme precipitation increase over the extratropical regions and the tropical Pacific, while a decrease is found in other regions. The post-eruption changes in the frequency of extreme precipitation are associated with ENSO, which itself is influenced by tropical eruptions. Overall, the results show that climate simulations are useful to complement the information on pre-industrial extreme precipitation, as they elucidate statistical characteristics and long-term connections of extreme events with natural variability.
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Wanda listiani, Sri Rustiyanti, Fani Dila Sari y IBG. Surya Peradantha. "APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI AUGMENTED REALITY DALAM KONSERVASI SITUS WARISAN BUDAYA DAN MITIGASI BENCANA GUNUNG GALUNGGUNG JAWA BARAT INDONESIA". Jurnal Budaya Nusantara 4, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2021): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/b.nusantara.vol4.no2.a4054.
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The name Galunggung is very well known to the people of Indonesia as the name of the mountain and the name of an Old Sundanese Manuscript. The ancient manuscript of Amanat Galunggung is a manuscript written in the 16th century and contains the teachings of life or local genius of the Sukapura or Tasikmalaya people. Mount Galunggung has experienced several eruptions from 1822 to 1983. The eruption of Mount Galunggung has had a catastrophic impact on the community and provided long term benefits for improving the soil fertility around the Mount Galunggung site such as the Indihiang site. Various disasters that have occurred due to volcanic eruptions in various regions have become a source of learning for the community to mitigate disasters from an early age. This research uses qualitative methods and digital augmented reality techniques. Augmented Reality can be used in visualizing and simulating mountain sites or other cultural heritage sites. The results of this study recommend the application of Augmented Realty technology in the conservation of cultural heritage sites and disaster mitigation as well as the planning program for the nomination of mountain sites in Indonesia for UNESCO’s world cultural heritage by the Indonesian government. Various efforts to develop site conservation with digital 4.0 technology and assistance for local communities involving universities, local governments, museum communities and the cultural arts tourism industry. The use of Augmented Reality can be useful for increasing understanding and learning experiences about cultural sites and heritage in tertiary, primary and secondary education.
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Wanda listiani, Sri Rustiyanti, Fani Dila Sari y IBG. Surya Peradantha. "APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI AUGMENTED REALITY DALAM KONSERVASI SITUS WARISAN BUDAYA DAN MITIGASI BENCANA GUNUNG GALUNGGUNG JAWA BARAT INDONESIA". Jurnal Budaya Nusantara 4, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2021): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/jbn.vol4.no2.4054.
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The name Galunggung is very well known to the people of Indonesia as the name of the mountain and the name of an Old Sundanese Manuscript. The ancient manuscript of Amanat Galunggung is a manuscript written in the 16th century and contains the teachings of life or local genius of the Sukapura or Tasikmalaya people. Mount Galunggung has experienced several eruptions from 1822 to 1983. The eruption of Mount Galunggung has had a catastrophic impact on the community and provided long term benefits for improving the soil fertility around the Mount Galunggung site such as the Indihiang site. Various disasters that have occurred due to volcanic eruptions in various regions have become a source of learning for the community to mitigate disasters from an early age. This research uses qualitative methods and digital augmented reality techniques. Augmented Reality can be used in visualizing and simulating mountain sites or other cultural heritage sites. The results of this study recommend the application of Augmented Realty technology in the conservation of cultural heritage sites and disaster mitigation as well as the planning program for the nomination of mountain sites in Indonesia for UNESCO’s world cultural heritage by the Indonesian government. Various efforts to develop site conservation with digital 4.0 technology and assistance for local communities involving universities, local governments, museum communities and the cultural arts tourism industry. The use of Augmented Reality can be useful for increasing understanding and learning experiences about cultural sites and heritage in tertiary, primary and secondary education.
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Wardani, Aulia Fatma, Kasnawi Al Hadi, Nurul Qomariyah y Suhayat Minardi. "DETERMINATION OF PUMICE PYROCLASTIC DENSITY OF RINJANI MOUNTAIN ERUPTION AND ITS SPREADING SIMULATION USING HAZMAP SOFTWARE". Indonesian Physical Review 2, n.º 2 (30 de mayo de 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ipr.v2i2.27.
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Volcano represent channel of systems fluid (lava), which has a depth up to 10 km from the earth surface. One ofthe active volcanoes is Mount Rinjani which recorded the eruption was 9 times from 1846 to 1994. The result ofthe eruption of Mount Rinjani is pyroclastic rocks dominated by pumice, which accumulated at lot of areas ofresearch that will be determined by the density value calculation method. The resulting rock density values canbe used to see the spread of the volcanic eruption material with simulation software based on data Hazmaperuption in 1994. The result of this research is the density of pumice and simulated the spread of the eruption ofMount Rinjani 1994. The density of pumice is about 693 kg/m3 and deployment simulation shows the distributionof the eruption of Rinjani to the diameter size of the fine dust (<1/16 mm) spread towards the Northwest (NorthLombok) with total mass about 6,38x109 kg and diameter size of lapilli (2-10) mm spread around the center ofthe eruption (Mount Rinjani) with total mass about 5, 16x109 kg.
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Gill, Richardson B. y Jerome P. Keating. "VOLCANISM AND MESOAMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY". Ancient Mesoamerica 13, n.º 1 (enero de 2002): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536102131051.
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Drought and drought-induced famine are recurring phenomena in Mesoamerica that have devastated populations in the region repeatedly during the past two millennia. Although it is counterintuitive to conceive of the idea that volcanic eruptions anywhere in the world might affect the lives of people in Mesoamerica, we examine the reports of drought and famine during the period A.D. 1440 to 1840 and compare them with known, large volcanic eruptions. We then apply non-parametric statistical techniques to determine whether the coincidences seen between worldwide volcanic eruptions and Mesoamerican drought within the following two years were due to random chance or whether there was a direct, mathematically verifiable correlation. We find a direct correlation to a probability of 56 in 100 million. We conclude that due to its unique geographical position, Mesoamerica was repeatedly devastated by drought and subsequent famine between 1440 and 1840 due to the indirect climatic effects of large volcanic eruptions that could be located anywhere in the world.
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Smith, Nathan. "A blast wave from the 1843 eruption of η Carinae". Nature 455, n.º 7210 (septiembre de 2008): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07269.
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Suryanata, Putu Billy, Satria Bijaksana, Mirzam Abdurrachman, Darharta Dahrin, Aditya Pratama, Nuresi Rantri Desi Wulan Ndari y Silvia Jannatul Fajar. "PRELIMINARY PETROMAGNETIC STUDY OF 1849, 1926, 1963, 1968 AND 1974 SURFACE LAVAS FROM BATUR VOLCANO, BALI, INDONESIA: INSIGHT ON THE MAGMATIC PROCESS OF SOURCE AND ROCK MAGNETIC NATURE". Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 38, n.º 1 (2023): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2023.1.3.
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Geochemical and petrographic characterizations were carried out on five episodic effusive eruptions from Batur Volcano on the Island of Bali, Indonesia, and revealed that these lavas are basaltic to andesitic in composition. Various micro-textures were identified, reflecting pre-eruptive magmatic processes, magma mixing, and adiabatic decompression. Apart from XRF analyses, the five lava flows (L849, L926, L963, L968 and L974) were subjected to magnetic analyses in the form of magnetic susceptibility and magnetic hysteresis measurements. The presence of cyclicity in the magmatic process is suggested by the variation of micro-texture types, CaO content, and magnetic susceptibility values. Two possible models of this cyclicity are presented. In the first model, cyclicity is driven by the variation of influx from the lower magma chamber that affects the interaction of magma with the surrounding rocks. In the second model, cyclicity is affected by the appearance of a new magmatic vent, which causes intense interaction with surrounding rocks. This study infers that combined micro-texture, composition, and magnetic susceptibility analyses might provide insight into the cyclicity of lava episodes observed in active volcanos such as Batur.
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Gudnason, Jonas, Thor Thordarson, Bruce F. Houghton y Gudrun Larsen. "The 1845 Hekla eruption: Grain-size characteristics of a tephra layer". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 350 (enero de 2018): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.11.025.
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Van Dyk, Schuyler D. "Supernova impostors: LBV outbursts from the most massive stars". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, n.º 14 (agosto de 2006): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307010174.
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AbstractSeveral recent luminous events that have been identified initially as supernovae (SNe) are probably not genuine SNe at all. Instead we argue that these events are more likely the outbursts, or super-outbursts, of very massive stars in the luminous blue variable (LBV) phase. At least two of these events are analogous to the Great 1843 Eruption of η Carinae.
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Uchino, O., T. Sakai, T. Nagai, K. Nakamae, I. Morino, K. Arai, H. Okumura et al. "On recent (2008–2012) stratospheric aerosols observed by lidar over Japan". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, n.º 9 (3 de septiembre de 2012): 22757–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-22757-2012.
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Abstract. An increase in stratospheric aerosols caused by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Nabro (13.37° N, 41.70° E) on 12 June 2011 was first detected by lidar at Tsukuba (36.05° N, 140.13° E) and Saga (33.24° N, 130.29° E) in Japan. The maximum backscattering ratios at a wavelength of 532 nm were 2.0 at 17.0 km on 10 July 2011 at Tsukuba and 3.6 at 18.2 km on 23 June 2011 at Saga. The maximum integrated backscattering coefficients (IBCs) above the first tropopause height were 4.18 × 10−4 sr−1 on 11 February 2012 at Tsukuba and 4.19 × 10−4 sr−1 on 23 June 2011 at Saga, respectively. A time series of lidar observational results at Tsukuba have also been reported from January 2008 through May 2012. Increases in stratospheric aerosols were observed after the volcanic eruptions of Mt. Kasatochi (52.18° N, 175.51° E) in August 2008 and Mt. Sarychev Peak (48.09° N, 153.20° E) in June 2009. The yearly averaged IBCs at Tsukuba were 2.60 × 10−4 sr−1, 2.52 × 10−4 sr−1, 2.45 × 10−4 sr−1, and 2.20 × 10−4 sr−1 for 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. These values were about twice the IBC background level (1.21 × 10−4 sr−1) from 1997 to 2001 at Tsukuba. We briefly discuss the influence of the increased aerosols on climate and the implications for analysis of satellite data.
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Uchino, O., T. Sakai, T. Nagai, K. Nakamae, I. Morino, K. Arai, H. Okumura et al. "On recent (2008–2012) stratospheric aerosols observed by lidar over Japan". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, n.º 24 (17 de diciembre de 2012): 11975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11975-2012.
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Abstract. An increase in stratospheric aerosols caused by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Nabro (13.37° N, 41.70° E) on 12 June 2011 was detected by lidar at Tsukuba (36.05° N, 140.13° E) and Saga (33.24° N, 130.29° E) in Japan. The maximum backscattering ratios at a wavelength of 532 nm were 2.0 at 17.0 km on 10 July 2011 at Tsukuba and 3.6 at 18.2 km on 23 June 2011 at Saga. The maximum integrated backscattering coefficients (IBCs) at 532 nm above the first tropopause height were 4.18×10−4 sr−1 on 11 February 2012 at Tsukuba and 4.19×10−4 sr−1 on 23 June 2011 at Saga, respectively. A time series of lidar observational results at Tsukuba have also been reported from January 2008 through May 2012. Increases in stratospheric aerosols were observed after the volcanic eruptions of Mt. Kasatochi (52.18° N, 175.51° E) in August 2008 and Mt. Sarychev Peak (48.09° N, 153.20° E) in June 2009. The yearly averaged IBCs at Tsukuba were 2.54×10−4 sr−1, 2.48×10−4 sr−1, 2.45×10−4 sr−1, and 2.20×10−4 sr−1 for 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. These values were about twice the IBC background level (1.21×10−4 sr−1) from 1997 to 2001 at Tsukuba. We briefly discuss the influence of the increased aerosols on climate and the implications for analysis of satellite data.
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Esper, Jan, Claudia Hartl, Ernesto Tejedor, Martin de Luis, Björn Günther y Ulf Büntgen. "High-Resolution Temperature Variability Reconstructed from Black Pine Tree Ring Densities in Southern Spain". Atmosphere 11, n.º 7 (15 de julio de 2020): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070748.
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The presence of an ancient, high-elevation pine forest in the Natural Park of Sierras de Cazorla in southern Spain, including some trees reaching >700 years, stimulated efforts to develop high-resolution temperature reconstructions in an otherwise drought-dominated region. Here, we present a reconstruction of spring and fall temperature variability derived from black pine tree ring maximum densities reaching back to 1350 Coefficient of Efficiency (CE). The reconstruction is accompanied by large uncertainties resulting from low interseries correlations among the single trees and a limited number of reliable instrumental stations in the study region. The reconstructed temperature history reveals warm conditions during the early 16th and 19th centuries that were of similar magnitude to the warm temperatures recorded since the late 20th century. A sharp transition from cold conditions in the late 18th century (t1781–1810 = −1.15 °C ± 0.64 °C) to warm conditions in the early 19th century (t1818–1847 = −0.06 °C ± 0.49 °C) is centered around the 1815 Tambora eruption (t1816 = −2.1 °C ± 0.55 °C). The new reconstruction from southern Spain correlates significantly with high-resolution temperature histories from the Pyrenees located ~600 km north of the Cazorla Natural Park, an association that is temporally stable over the past 650 years (r1350–2005 > 0.3, p < 0.0001) and particularly strong in the high-frequency domain (rHF > 0.4). Yet, only a few of the reconstructed cold extremes (1453, 1601, 1816) coincide with large volcanic eruptions, suggesting that the severe cooling events in southern Spain are controlled by internal dynamics rather than external (volcanic) forcing.
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Smith, Nathan, Jennifer E. Andrews, Armin Rest, Federica B. Bianco, Jose L. Prieto, Tom Matheson, David J. James, R. Chris Smith, Giovanni Maria Strampelli y A. Zenteno. "Light echoes from the plateau in Eta Carinae’s Great Eruption reveal a two-stage shock-powered event". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 480, n.º 2 (3 de agosto de 2018): 1466–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1500.
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ABSTRACT We present multi-epoch photometry and spectroscopy of a light echo from η Carinae’s 19th century Great Eruption. This echo's light curve shows a steady decline over a decade, sampling the 1850s plateau of the eruption. Spectra show the bulk outflow speed increasing from ∼150 km s−1 at early times, up to ∼600 km s−1 in the plateau. Later phases also develop remarkably broad emission wings indicating mass accelerated to more than 10 000 km s−1. Together with other clues, this provides direct evidence for an explosive ejection. This is accompanied by a transition from a narrow absorption line spectrum to emission lines, often with broad or asymmetric P Cygni profiles. These changes imply that the pre-1845 luminosity spikes are distinct from the 1850s plateau. The key reason for this change may be that shock interaction with circumstellar material (CSM) dominates the plateau. The spectral evolution of η Car closely resembles that of the decade-long eruption of UGC 2773-OT, which had clear signatures of shock interaction. We propose a two-stage scenario for η Car’s eruption: (1) a slow outflow in the decades before the eruption, probably driven by binary interaction that produced a dense equatorial outflow, followed by (2) explosive energy injection that drove CSM interaction, powering the plateau and sweeping slower CSM into a fast shell that became the Homunculus. We discuss how this sequence could arise from a stellar merger in a triple system, leaving behind the eccentric binary seen today. This gives a self-consistent scenario that may explain interacting transients across a wide range of initial mass.
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Collazzi, Andrew C., Bradley E. Schaefer, Limin Xiao, Ashley Pagnotta, Peter Kroll, Klaus Löchel y Arne A. Henden. "THE BEHAVIOR OF NOVAE LIGHT CURVES BEFORE ERUPTION". Astronomical Journal 138, n.º 6 (5 de noviembre de 2009): 1846–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1846.
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Hiramatsu, Daichi, Daichi Tsuna, Edo Berger, Koichi Itagaki, Jared A. Goldberg, Sebastian Gomez, Kishalay De et al. "From Discovery to the First Month of the Type II Supernova 2023ixf: High and Variable Mass Loss in the Final Year before Explosion". Astrophysical Journal Letters 955, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2023): L8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf299.
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Abstract We present the discovery of the Type II supernova SN 2023ixf in M101 and follow-up photometric and spectroscopic observations, respectively, in the first month and week of its evolution. Our discovery was made within a day of estimated first light, and the following light curve is characterized by a rapid rise (≈5 days) to a luminous peak (M V ≈ − 18.2 mag) and plateau (M V ≈ − 17.6 mag) extending to 30 days with a fast decline rate of ≈0.03 mag day−1. During the rising phase, U − V color shows blueward evolution, followed by redward evolution in the plateau phase. Prominent flash features of hydrogen, helium, carbon, and nitrogen dominate the spectra up to ≈5 days after first light, with a transition to a higher ionization state in the first ≈2 days. Both the U−V color and flash ionization states suggest a rise in the temperature, indicative of a delayed shock breakout inside dense circumstellar material (CSM). From the timescales of CSM interaction, we estimate its compact radial extent of ∼(3–7) × 1014 cm. We then construct numerical light-curve models based on both continuous and eruptive mass-loss scenarios shortly before explosion. For the continuous mass-loss scenario, we infer a range of mass-loss history with 0.1–1.0 M ⊙ yr−1 in the final 2−1 yr before explosion, with a potentially decreasing mass loss of 0.01–0.1 M ⊙ yr−1 in ∼0.7–0.4 yr toward the explosion. For the eruptive mass-loss scenario, we favor eruptions releasing 0.3–1 M ⊙ of the envelope at about a year before explosion, which result in CSM with mass and extent similar to the continuous scenario. We discuss the implications of the available multiwavelength constraints obtained thus far on the progenitor candidate and SN 2023ixf to our variable CSM models.
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Myasnikova, T. N., T. V. Latysheva, T. S. Romanova y V. V. Smirnov. "Fixed drug eruption caused by fluconazole". Medical Herald of the South of Russia 14, n.º 4 (8 de noviembre de 2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2219-8075-2023-14-4-11-16.
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Objective: to characterize a group of patients with fixed drug erythema (FDE) caused by fluconazole to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the local provocative application test (LPAT) and to evaluate cross-allergenic reactivity with other antifungal drugs of the azole group.Materials and methods: a prospective study was conducted in the period from 2012 to 2022. 347 patients with delayed drug hypersensitivity (DDH) were consulted, FDE could be suspected in 86 patients (24.8%), of which 23 patients were caused by fluconazole (26.8%). We included patients with suspected fluconazole FDE (n=23). LPAT with fluconazole was performed in 12 patients, drug provocation test (DPT) with ketoconazole – 17, DPT with itraconazole – 15, DPT with fluconazole – 1.Results: the ratio of men and women was 1:6.3, the average age was 30.39±10.23 years. In 1 patient, the diagnosis of FDE caused by fluconazole was withdrawn. Number of reactions: 1 – in 2 patients (9.1%), more than one reaction – in 20 (90.9%). 4 patients (18.2%) had atopy. Sensitivity of LPAT for diagnosing DDH in FDE caused by fluconazole was 41.7%, specificity – 100%, false-negative rate – 58.3%, positive predictive value – 100%. DPT with ketoconazole, itraconazole was negative in 100% of cases.Conclusions: the results obtained allow us to conclude that FDE caused by fluconazole in the vast majority of cases developed in women aged 19 to 30 years. Since patients with FDE caused by fluconazole tolerate ketoconazole and itraconazole well, it is highly likely that they can switch from fluconazole to one of these drugs. LPAT should be used for diagnosing FDE caused by fluconazole, since it was absolutely safe for the patient and allowed avoiding DPT in 42% of patients. Importantly that the timely and correct diagnosis in more than 90% of cases, it was possible to prevent the development of a repeated reaction to fluconazole.
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Bertolin, Chiara y Fernando Domínguez-Castro. "The earliest datable noctilucent cloud observation (Parma, Italy, AD 1840)". Holocene 30, n.º 5 (5 de enero de 2020): 682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619895584.
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Noctilucent clouds (NLCs) are an uncommon phenomenon that provides information about the conditions and dynamics of the mesosphere. The first observation of NLCs was recorded in 1884/1885, following Krakatoa’s eruption in 1883. The literature speculates that this observation was trigged by the injection of millions of tons of H2O by the Krakatoa into the stratosphere. We have discovered that 43 years before Krakatoa, Antonio Colla observed an NLC in Parma. He was a meticulous astronomer and meteorologist with special interest in astronomical and atmospheric phenomena occurring during twilight. On 18 June 1840, from 21:00 to 22:15 (Local Mean Sideral Time), Antonio Colla observed a ‘ phosphoric cloud’. Analysis of the Colla’s description, the local sky and the condition of the observation proves that he was recording an NLC. This finding forces to develop a new hypothesis to explain the early NLC observations and encourages the rescue of NLC observations from documentary sources.
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Nandi, Sayan, Mohammed P. Akhter, Mark F. Seifert, Xu-Ming Dai y E. Richard Stanley. "Developmental and functional significance of the CSF-1 proteoglycan chondroitin sulfate chain". Blood 107, n.º 2 (15 de enero de 2006): 786–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-05-1822.
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AbstractThe primary macrophage growth factor, colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), is homodimeric and exists in 3 biologically active isoforms: a membrane-spanning, cell-surface glycoprotein (csCSF-1) and secreted glycoprotein (sgCSF-1) and proteoglycan (spCSF-1) isoforms. To investigate the in vivo role of the chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain of spCSF-1, we created mice that exclusively express, in a normal tissue-specific and developmental manner, either the secreted precursor of spCSF-1 or the corresponding precursor in which the GAG addition site was mutated. The reproductive, hematopoietic tooth eruption and tissue macrophage defects of CSF-1-deficient, osteopetrotic Csf1op/Csf1op mice were corrected by transgenic expression of the precursors of either sgCSF-1 or spCSF-1. Furthermore, in contrast to the transgene encoding csCSF-1, both failed to completely correct growth retardation, suggesting a role for csCSF-1 in the regulation of body weight. However, spCSF-1, in contrast to sgCSF-1, completely resolved the osteopetrotic phenotype. Furthermore, in transgenic lines expressing different concentrations of sgCSF-1 or spCSF-1, spCSF-1 more efficiently corrected Csf1op/Csf1op defects of tooth eruption, eyelid opening, macrophage morphology, and B-cell deficiency than sgCSF-1. These results indicate an important role of the CSF-1 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in in vivo signaling by secreted CSF-1. (Blood. 2006;107:786-795)
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Ohm, S., J. A. Hinton y W. Domainko. "PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN THE EXPANDING BLAST WAVE OF η CARINA'S GREAT ERUPTION OF 1843". Astrophysical Journal 718, n.º 2 (14 de julio de 2010): L161—L165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/718/2/l161.
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Paterne, Martine, Nathalie Feuillet, Guy Cabioch, Elsa Cortijo, Dominique Blamart, Jennifer Weill-Accardo, Lucile Bonneau, Christophe Colin, Eric Douville y Edwige Pons-Branchu. "Reservoir Ages in the Western Tropical North Atlantic from One Coral off Martinique Island (Lesser Antilles)". Radiocarbon 60, n.º 2 (abril de 2018): 639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2017.118.
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AbstractSea surface reservoir ages (R) are reported from radiocarbon (14C) measurements of the annual growth bands of coral Siderastrea siderea collected on the Atlantic coast off Martinique Island, in the Lesser Antilles volcanic arc. Mean values of R are similar between 1835 and 1845 during pre-anthropogenic times at 385±30 yr and between 1895 and 1905 at 382±20 yr when there was a huge eruption from the Montagne Pelée volcano in 1902–1903. Limited 14C aging of sea surface (~40 yr) may be due to enhanced volcanic activity. Variability of R is slightly greater during 1835–1845 than during 1895–1905. It is linked to a moderate increase of ∆14C of 5‰, strengthened by a clear increase of δ18O of 0.4‰. This is attributed to a decrease of the northward advection of the South Atlantic Waters into the western tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea and relative enhanced westward flux of the tropical North Atlantic surface waters, the southern waters having lower values of 14C and δ18O than the North Atlantic ones. From 1835 to 1845, the fraction of the South Atlantic Waters transported up to Martinique Island was reduced from 25% to 15%.
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Abrams, Marc D., Carolyn A. Copenheaver, Kazuhiko Terazawa, Kiyoshi Umeki, Mika Takiya y Nobuhiro Akashi. "A 370-year dendroecological history of an old-growth Abies-Acer-Quercus forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, n.º 12 (15 de diciembre de 1999): 1891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-174.
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Dendroecological techniques were used to study the dynamics and species recruitment patterns, spanning nearly four centuries, for a mesic, montane, old-growth forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan. The forest is dominated by Abies sachalinensis (Masters), Acer palmatum (Thunb.),Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata (Rehd.), and Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Sieb.). From 1620 to 1750 and 1820 to 1840, Q. mongolica exhibited continuous recruitment into the overstory. A lack of recruitment for all tree species from 1750 to 1820 followed a 1739 volcanic eruption 200 km from the study area. Release events for individual trees occurred almost every decade of the stand history, indicating that frequent small-scale disturbances coupled with infrequent large-scale disturbances, impact tree growth and species recruitment. From 1870 to 1950, canopy recruitment of Abies and Acer dominated the forest, while recruitment of Quercus ceased. These later successional species appeared to be replacing Quercus, suggesting that the syndrome of declining oak dominance is an increasingly global phenomenon. However, successional patterns in the forest are difficult to predict because intensive deer browsing has recently prevented canopy recruitment of all tree species and the possibility of future large-scale disturbances, such as fire and volcanic eruption.
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Welch, Cheryl B. "Tocqueville and the French". Tocqueville Review 15, n.º 1 (enero de 1994): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.15.1.159.
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For contemporary political theorists, the events of nineteenth-century France – the "bourgeois" revolution of 1830, the revolutionary eruption of 1848 with its dénouement in Bonapartism, and the "heroic" moment of the Paris Commune – have entered the domain of reflection on modern politics through Marx. Not only for Marxists, but for those who learned political theory in a Marxist tradition or whose primary acquaintance with nineteenth-century France came from Marx's trenchant dissection of its class struggles, this was a story fraught with universal significance. Indeed, French historical events have long functioned as dramatic signs or markers of the modern relationship between state and civil society, and between democracy and revolution.
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Sharma, Lt Col Parvinder, Dr Aishwarya Pandey, Dr Gayathrie B, Dr Abhishek Singh y Dr Nikita Sindhu. "Erupting maxillary anterior odontoma: Report of an unusual case". International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 9, n.º 4 (1 de enero de 2023): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/oral.2023.v9.i4a.1842.
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Smith, S. D. "Volcanic hazard in a slave society: the 1812 eruption of Mount Soufrière in St Vincent". Journal of Historical Geography 37, n.º 1 (enero de 2011): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2010.06.004.
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Orr, Tim R., Richard Hazlett, Liliana DeSmither, James Kauahikaua y Ben Gaddis. "Correcting the historical record for Kīlauea Volcano's 1832, 1868, and 1877 summit eruptions". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 410 (febrero de 2021): 107168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107168.
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ENDO, Masatoshi. "Estimation of the Degree of Burns Suffered by the Victims of the 1822 Usu Volcano Eruption’s Pyroclastic Flow and Surge in Hokkaido, Northern Japan:with the Aid of the Case of the 1991 Unzen-Fugen-Dake Volcano Eruption". Kikan Chirigaku 66, n.º 3 (2015): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5190/tga.66.155.
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Weis, Kerstin, Michael F. Corcoran, Kris Davidson y Roberta M. Humphreys. "A high-resolution study of η Carinae's outer ejecta". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 212 (2003): 759–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900213399.
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η Car is a very luminous and unstable evolved star. Outflowing material ejected during the star's giant eruption in 1843 surrounds it as a nebula, which consists of an inner bipolar region, coined the Homunculus, and the Outer Ejecta. The outer ejecta is very filamentary and shaped irregularly. Kinematic analysis, however, shows a regular bi-directional expansion, despite of the complex morphology. Radial velocities in the outer ejecta reach 2000 km s–1 and give rise to X-ray emission, as first detected by ROSAT. We will present a detailed study of the outer ejecta based on HST images, high-resolution echelle spectra for kinematic studies, images from Chandra-acis and HST-stis spectra.
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Kolesova, N. S., M. V. Dulin y Z. A. Yefremova. "Faunal notes on the Bumblebee genus Bombus Latreille, 1802 in the vicinity of the Tolbachik Volcano (Kamchatka Krai, Russia)". Entomologist's Gazette 70, n.º 3 (26 de julio de 2019): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/g00138894.703.1701.
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Nine species of Bombus from seven subgenera (Alpinobombus, Bombus, Melanobombus, Mendacibombus, Psithyrus, Pyrobombus, and Thoracobombus) were collected in three sites in 2008 in the vicinity of the Tolbachik volcano (between two large eruptions in 1975–1976 and 2012–2013), representing 41% of the entire Kamchatka Krai's fauna of Bombus species. The trophic links of the discovered Bombus species with the plants of the Asteraceae and Onagraceae families are characteristic of slag fields.
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Guggenberger, Florian. "Vorarlberg in den Krisenjahren 1816 und 1817: Gründe und Auswirkungen". historia.scribere, n.º 13 (22 de junio de 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/historia.scribere.13.631.
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Vorarlberg in the Crisis Years 1816 and 1817: Reasons and EffectsBetween 1812 and 1817, the so-called "Little Ice Age" in Central Europe reached its climax. During this period, the summers were two to three degrees colder than the 20th century average. In addition to the economic depression caused by the Napoleonic Wars, the eruption of the volcano Tambora in April 1815 further exacerbated the situation. The consequences of the climatic changes affected the whole world and resulted in the "Year Without a Summer" in 1816. The effects of the climatic fluctuation also had an impact on the following year with famines and natural disasters still being a huge problem. Also in Vorarlberg, this resulted in terrible disasters: Flooding, avalanches and crop failures led to years of crisis in Vorarlberg.
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Poljanšek, S., A. Ceglar y T. Levanič. "Long-term summer sunshine/moisture stress reconstruction from tree-ring widths from Bosnia and Herzegovina". Climate of the Past 9, n.º 1 (11 de enero de 2013): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-27-2013.
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Abstract. We present the first summer sunshine reconstruction from tree-ring data for the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. Summer sunshine is tightly connected with moisture stress in trees, because the moisture stress and therefore the width of annual tree-rings is under the influence of the direct and interactive effects of sunshine duration (temperature, precipitation, cloud cover and evapotranspiration). The reconstruction is based on a calibrated z-scored mean chronology, calculated from tree-ring width measurements from 7 representative black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). A combined regression and scaling approach was used for the reconstruction of the summer sunshine. We found a significant negative correlation (r = −0.54, p < 0.0001) with mean June–July sunshine hours from Osijek meteorological station (Croatia). The developed model was used for reconstruction of summer sunshine for the time period 1660–2010. We identified extreme summer events and compared them to available documentary historical sources of drought, volcanic eruptions and other reconstructions from the broader region. All extreme summers with low sunshine hours (1712, 1810, 1815, 1843, 1899 and 1966) are connected with volcanic eruptions.
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Box, Jason E., Lei Yang, David H. Bromwich y Le-Sheng Bai. "Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Air Temperature Variability: 1840–2007*". Journal of Climate 22, n.º 14 (15 de julio de 2009): 4029–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2816.1.
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Abstract Meteorological station records and regional climate model output are combined to develop a continuous 168-yr (1840–2007) spatial reconstruction of monthly, seasonal, and annual mean Greenland ice sheet near-surface air temperatures. Independent observations are used to assess and compensate for systematic errors in the model output. Uncertainty is quantified using residual nonsystematic error. Spatial and temporal temperature variability is investigated on seasonal and annual time scales. It is found that volcanic cooling episodes are concentrated in winter and along the western ice sheet slope. Interdecadal warming trends coincide with an absence of major volcanic eruptions. Year 2003 was the only year of 1840–2007 with a warm anomaly that exceeds three standard deviations from the 1951–80 base period. The annual whole ice sheet 1919–32 warming trend is 33% greater in magnitude than the 1994–2007 warming. The recent warming was, however, stronger along western Greenland in autumn and southern Greenland in winter. Spring trends marked the 1920s warming onset, while autumn leads the 1994–2007 warming. In contrast to the 1920s warming, the 1994–2007 warming has not surpassed the Northern Hemisphere anomaly. An additional 1.0°–1.5°C of annual mean warming would be needed for Greenland to be in phase with the Northern Hemispheric pattern. Thus, it is expected that the ice sheet melt rates and mass deficit will continue to grow in the early twenty-first century as Greenland’s climate catches up with the Northern Hemisphere warming trend and the Arctic climate warms according to global climate model predictions.
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Kalliokoski, Maarit, Esther Ruth Guðmundsdóttir y Stefan Wastegård. "Hekla 1947, 1845, 1510 and 1158 tephra in Finland: challenges of tracing tephra from moderate eruptions". Journal of Quaternary Science 35, n.º 6 (4 de julio de 2020): 803–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3228.
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Zanolini, Françoise, Robert J. Delmas y Michel Legrand. "Sulphuric and Nitric Acid Concentrations and Spikes Along A 200 m Deep Ice Core at D 57 (Terre Adélie, Antarctica)". Annals of Glaciology 7 (1985): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500005930.
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D 57 station in Terre Adélie lies between the coast and the central Antarctic plateau. A 200 m ice core was recovered in summer 1980–81 at this location and analyzed by an electroconductometric method to detect exceptional acid levels linked to fallout from major volcanic eruptions. Several signals were indeed found. The corresponding ice-core sections were then analyzed for mineral acids (H2SO4 and HNO3). We detected several large volcanic events, in particular two eruptions identified as Tarabora (1815) and Galunggung (1822). The background concentration of sulphate was found to be relatively low (about 0.5 μeq 1−1). On the other hand nitrate values were higher than at coastal or central Antarctic locations (except for the Sauth Pole). Two spikes were found in the nitrate profile at depths of 140 and 148 m. It is thought that they could be either linked to the 1604 and 1572 supernovae Kepler and Tycho or correspond to epochs of particularly high solar activities. With the aid of these sulphate and nitrate exceptional events, a dating of the D 57 ice core can now be proposed which corresponds to a mean snow accumulation rate of 22 cm of ice equivalent per year over the last four centuries.