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1
Pole, Mike S. "Mid-cretaceous conifers from the Eromanga Basin, Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 13, no. 2 (2000): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb99001.
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Mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian–earliest Cenomanian) sediment in sevenbore cores from the Eromanga Basin (south-western Queensland) was sampled fororganically preserved plant macrofossils. Among those recovered, 26 taxa ofconifers have been distinguished. Families Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, andCheirolepidiaceae were prominent. The Araucariaceae includeAraucaria sp., while the remainder are considered torepresent extinct genera. Podocarpaceae are all species of extinct genera andtwo new genera are described: Eromangia andThargomindia. There are two species ofCheirolepidiaceae. One of these, Geinitzea tetragonaCantrill & Douglas, is made the type of a new genus,Otwayia, with two species,O. tetragona and O. cudgeloides,both occurring in the Eromanga Basin. No unequivocalCupressaceae/Taxodiaceae were recognised.
2
Wecker, H. R. B. "THE EROMANGA BASIN." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88032.
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The Eromanga Basin, encompassing an area of approximately 1 million km2 in Central Australia, is a broad intracratonic downwarp containing up to 3000 m of Middle Triassic to Late Cretaceous sediments.Syndepositional tectonic activity within the basin was minimal and the main depocentres largely coincide with those of the preceding Permo- Triassic basins. Several Tertiary structuring phases, particularly in the Early Tertiary, have resulted in uplift and erosion of the Eromanga Basin section along its eastern margin, and the development of broad, northwesterly- to northeasterly- trending anticlines within the basin. In some instances, high angle faults are associated with these features. This structural deformation occurred in an extensional regime and was strongly influenced by the underlying Palaeozoic structural grain.The Eromanga Basin section is composed of a basal, dominantly non- marine, fluvial and lacustrine sequence overlain by shallow marine deposits which are in turn overlain by another fluvial, lacustrine and coal- swamp sequence. The basal sequence is the principal zone of interest to petroleum exploration. It contains the main reservoirs and potential source rocks and hosts all commercial hydrocarbon accumulations found to date. While the bulk of discovered reserves are in structural traps, a significant stratigraphic influence has been noted in a number of commercially significant hydrocarbon accumulations.All major discoveries have been in the central Eromanga Basin region overlying and adjacent to the hydrocarbon- productive, Permo- Triassic Cooper Basin. The mature Permian section is believed to have contributed a significant proportion of the Eromanga- reservoired hydrocarbons. Accordingly, structural timing and migration pathways within the Permian and Middle Triassic- Jurassic sections are important factors for exploration in the central Eromanga Basin region. Elsewhere, in less thermally- mature areas, hydrocarbon generation post- dates Tertiary structuring and thus exploration success will relate primarily to source- rock quality, maturity and drainage factors.Although exploration in the basin has proceeded spasmodically for over 50 years, it has only been in the last decade that significant exploration activity has occurred. Over this recent period, some 450 exploration wells and 140 000 km of seismic acquisition have been completed in the pursuit of Eromanga Basin oil accumulations. This has resulted in the discovery of 227 oil and gas pools totalling an original in- place proved and probable (OOIP) resource of 360 MMSTB oil and 140 BCF gas.Though pool sizes are generally small, up to 5 MMSTB OOIP, the attractiveness of Eromanga exploration lies in the propensity for stacked pools at relatively shallow depths, moderate to high reservoir productivity, and established infrastructure with pipelines to coastal centres. Coupled with improved exploration techniques and increasing knowledge of the basinal geology, these attributes will undoubtedly ensure the Eromanga Basin continues to be a prime onshore area for future petroleum exploration in Australia.
3
Lavering, L. H., V. L. Passmore, and I. M. Paton. "DISCOVERY AND EXPLOITATION OF NEW OILFIELDS IN THE COOPER-EROMANGA BASINS." APPEA Journal 26, no. 1 (1986): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85024.
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Since 1975 the level of petroleum exploration in the Cooper-Eromanga basins has undergone an unprecedented expansion due to the discovery and development of an increasing number of oil reservoirs, largely in the Eromanga Basin sequence. The commercial incentive provided by the Commonwealth Government's Import Parity Pricing and excise arrangements have been instrumental in the lead up to and continuation of this series of discoveries.Three types of oil discovery in the Eromanga Basin sequence are evident; firstly, shallow pools above Cooper Basin gas fields; secondly, separate single-field discoveries in areas of limited exploration; and thirdly, as multifield discoveries along major structural trends. Exploitation of the Eromanga Basin oil discoveries has been made possible by a combination of rapid appraisal and development drilling and early commencement of production.The initial Eromanga Basin oil discoveries overlie major Cooper Basin gas fields and were located during appraisal and development drilling of deeper Cooper Basin gas reservoirs. Wildcat and appraisal drilling on Eromanga Basin prospects, such as Wancoocha and Narcoonowie, has upgraded the prospectivity of the Eromanga Basin sequence in the southern Cooper Basin—an area where earlier exploration for Cooper Basin gas was unsuccessful. Significant oil discoveries in Bodalla South 1 and Tintaburra 1, in the Queensland sector of the Eromanga Basin, have extended the range of exploration success and generated considerable interest in lesser known parts of the Eromanga Basin.Three successive phases of Cooper-Eromanga exploration have led to the present high level of success. Early exploration, before 1969, led to the initial discovery and development of Cooper Basin gas fields and was largely supported by the Petroleum Search Subsidy Acts (19571974). The results of the second phase, between 1970 and 1975, provided little encouragement to operators to extend exploration beyond the limits of the then known gas accumulations. In the decade since 1975, the oil potential of the Eromanga and parts of the Cooper Basin sequences has become a major factor in the exploration and development activity of the region. Since 1975, the favourable commercial conditions prevailing under the Import Parity Pricing scheme and the concessional crude oil excise arrangments for production from 'newly discovered' oilfields provided a significant incentive for development and exploitation of the post-1975 oil discoveries.
4
Alexander, R., A. V. Larcher, R. I. Kagi, and P. L. Price. "THE USE OF PLANT DERIVED BIOMARKERS FOR CORRELATION OF OILS WITH SOURCE ROCKS IN THE COOPER/EROMANGA BASIN SYSTEM, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 28, no. 1 (1988): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87024.
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Whether or not the sediments in the Eromanga Basin have generated petroleum is a problem of considerable commercial importance which remains contentious as it has not yet been resolved unequivocally. Sediments of the underlying Cooper Basin were deposited throughout the Permian and much of the Triassic, and deposition in the overlying Eromanga Basin commenced in the Early Jurassic and extended into the Cretaceous. As Araucariaceae (trees of the kauri pine group) assumed prominence for the first time in the Early to Middle Jurassic and were all but absent in older sediments, a promising approach would seem to be using the presence or absence of specific araucariacean chemical marker signatures as a means of distinguishing oils formed from source rocks in the Eromanga Basin from those derived from the underlying Cooper Basin sediments.The saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon compositions of the sediment extracts from the Cooper and Eromanga Basins have been examined to identify the distinctive fossil hydrocarbon markers derived from such resins. Sediments from the Eromanga Basin, which contain abundant micro-fossil remains of the araucariacean plants, contain diterpane hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons which bear a strong relationship to natural products in modern members of the Araucariaceae. Sediments from the Permo-Triassic Cooper Basin, which predate the Jurassic araucariacean flora, have different distributions of diterpane biomarkers and aromatic hydrocarbons.Many oils found in the Cooper/Eromanga region do not have the biological marker signatures of the Jurassic sediments and appear to be derived from the underlying Permian sediments; however, several oils contained in Jurassic to Cretaceous reservoirs show the araucariacean signature of the associated Jurassic to Early Cretaceous source rock sediments. It is likely, therefore, that these oils were sourced and reservoired within the Eromanga Basin and have not migrated from the Cooper Basin sequences below. Accordingly, exploration strategies in the Cooper Eromanga system should include prospects that could have been charged with oil from mature Jurassic/Early Cretaceous sediments of the Eromanga Basin.
5
Boreham, C. J., and R. E. Summons. "NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE ACTIVE PETROLEUM SYSTEMS IN THE COOPER AND EROMANGA BASINS, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 39, no. 1 (1999): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98016.
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This paper presents geochemical data—gas chromatography, saturated and aromatic biomarkers, carbon isotopes of bulk fractions and individual n-alkanes—for oils and potential source rocks in the Cooper and Eromanga basins, which show clear evidence for different source-reservoir couplets. The main couplets involve Cooper Basin source and reservoir and Cooper Basin source and Eromanga Basin reservoir. A subordinate couplet involving Eromanga Basin source and Eromanga Basin reservoir is also identified, together with minor inputs from pre-Permian source rocks to reservoirs of the Cooper and Eromanga basins.The source–reservoir relationships are well expressed in the carbon isotopic composition of individual n-alkanes. These data reflect primary controls of source and maturity and are relatively insensitive to secondary alteration through migration fractionation and water washing, processes that have affected the molecular geochemistry of the majority of oils. Accordingly, the principal Gondwanan Petroleum Supersystem originating from a Permian source of the Cooper Basin has been further subdivided into two petroleum systems associated with Lower Permian Patchawarra Formation and Upper Permian Toolachee Formation sources respectively. Both sources are characterised by n-alkane isotope profiles that become progressively lighter with increasing carbon number—negative n-alkane isotope gradient. The Patchawarra source is isotopically lighter than the Toolachee source. Reservoir placement of oil in either the Toolachee or Patchawarra formations is, in general, a good guide to its source and perhaps an indirect measure of seal effectiveness. The subordinate Murta Petroleum Supersystem of the Eromanga Basin is subdivided into the Birkhead Petroleum System and Murta Petroleum System to reflect individual contributions from Birkhead Formation and Murta Formation sources respectively. Both systems are characterised by n-alkane carbon isotope profiles with low to no gradient. The minor Larapintine Petroleum Supersystem has been tentatively identified as involving pre-Permian source rocks in the far eastern YVarburton Basin and western margin of the Warrabin Trough in Queensland.Eromanga source inputs to oil accumulations in the Eromanga Basin can be readily recognised from saturated and aromatic biomarker assemblages. However, biomarkers appear to over-emphasise local Eromanga sources. Hence, we have preferred the semi-quantitative assessment of relative Cooper and Eromanga inputs that can be made using n-alkane isotope data and this appears to be robust provided that Eromanga source input is greater than 25% in oils of mixed origin. Enhanced contributions from Birkhead sources are concentrated in areas of thick and mature Birkhead source rocks in the northeastern Patchawarra Trough. Pre-Permian inputs are readily recognised by n-alkanes more depleted in I3C compared with late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sources.Long range migration (>50 km) from Permian sources has been established for oil accumulations in the Eromanga Basin. This, together with contributions from local Eromanga sources, highlights petroleum pro- spectivity beyond the Permian edge of the Cooper Basin. Deeper, pre-Permian sources must also be considered in any petroleum system evaluation of the Cooper and Eromanga basins.
6
Schulz-Rojahn, J. P. "CALCITE-CEMENTED ZONES IN THE EROMANGA BASIN: CLUES TO PETROLEUM MIGRATION AND ENTRAPMENT?" APPEA Journal 33, no. 1 (1993): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj92006.
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The occurrence of calcite cementation zones in oil- bearing sequences of the Jurassic-Cretaceous Eromanga Basin is of importance to petroleum exploration. The erratic distribution and thickness of these calcite-cemented intervals is problematic for both prediction of subsurface reservoir quality and structural interpretation of seismic data due to velocity anomalies.Carbon isotope signatures suggest the carbonate cements may form by dissipation of carbon dioxide upward from the Cooper Basin into the calcium-bearing J-aquifers of the Great Artesian Basin of which the Eromanga Basin forms a part. The model is feasible if the pH of the Eromanga Basin aquifer waters is buffered externally, by generation of organic acid anions during kerogen maturation or aluminosilicate reactions.Hydrocarbons are likely to have migrated up-dip along the same conduits as the carbon dioxide. Consequently, delineation of massive calcite-cemented zones in the Eromanga Basin reservoirs using well log and seismic data may aid in the identification of petroleum migration pathways, and sites of hydrocarbon entrapment.
7
John, B. H., and C. S. Almond. "LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE LOWER EROMANGA BASIN SEQUENCE IN SOUTH WEST QUEENSLAND." APPEA Journal 27, no. 1 (1987): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj86017.
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Five fully-cored and wire-line logged stratigraphic bores have been drilled by the Queensland Department of Mines, relatively close to producing oil fields in the Eromanga Basin, south-west Queensland. Correlations between the stratigraphic bores and petroleum wells have established lithologic control in an area where lithostratigraphy is interpreted mainly from wire-line logs. The Eromanga Basin sequence below the Wallumbilla Formation has been investigated, and a uniform lithostratigraphic nomenclature has been applied; in the past, an inconsistent nomenclature system was applied in different petroleum wells.Accumulation of the Eromanga Basin sequence was initiated in the early Jurassic by major epeirogenic downwarping; in the investigation area the pre-Eromanga Basin surface consists mainly of rocks comprising the Thargomindah Shelf and the Cooper Basin. The lower Eromanga Basin sequence in the area onlaps the Thargomindah Shelf and thickens relatively uniformly to the north-west. The sequence comprises mainly Jurassic/Cretaceous terrestrial units in which vertical and lateral distribution is predominantly facies-controlled. These are uniformly overlain by the mainly paralic Cadna-owie Formation, signalling the initiation of a major Cretaceous transgression over the basin.The terrestrial sequence over most of the area comprises alternating coarser and finer-grained sedimentary rocks, reflecting major cyclical changes in the energy of the depositional environment. The Hutton Sandstone, Adori Sandstone and 'Namur Sandstone Member' of the Hooray Sandstone comprise mainly sandstone, and reflect high energy fluvial depositional environments. Lower energy fluvial and lacustrine conditions are reflected by the finer-grained sandstone, siltstone and mudstone of the Birkhead and Westbourne Formations, and 'Murta Member' of the Hooray Sandstone. Similar minor cycles are represented in the 'basal Jurassic' unit. The Algebuckina Sandstone, recognised only in the far south-west of the investigation area, comprises mainly fluvial sandstones.
8
Gisolf, A. "OFF-END SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION IN THE EROMANGA BASIN." APPEA Journal 30, no. 1 (1990): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj89023.
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During late 1988 and early 1989 Shell conducted a land seismic survey in permit ATP 267P in the Eromanga Basin, in fulfilment of farm-in obligations. Against traditional wisdom in the Eromanga Basin Shell decided for an off-end acquisition geometry.An acquisition geometry design rationale is presented which leads to an optimum stack response. Depending on geological and economical constraints on maximum offset and shot and receiver station spacing this may result in either a split spread or an off-end geometry.For Shell's Eromanga seismic campaign it was decided that, given a 120 channel seismic recording instrument, an off-end spread with 15m source and receiver station spacing and 1800 m maximum offset presented the best compromise between optimal achievement of exploration objectives and available resources.For comparison an 8 km portion of a nearby 1988 centre spread line was overshot using the off-end technique, and was processed by the same contractor with a similar processing sequence. The improvements in data quality obtained demonstrate that off-end data acquisition is a viable technique which can be optimally suited to meet lateral sampling and noise suppression requirements.
9
Deighton, I., J. J. Draper, A. J. Hill, and C. J. Boreham. "A HYDROCARBON GENERATION MODEL FOR THE COOPER AND EROMANGA BASINS." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02023.
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The aim of the National Geoscience Mapping Accord Cooper-Eromanga Basins Project was to develop a quantitative petroleum generation model for the Cooper and Eromanga Basins by delineating basin fill, thermal history and generation potential of key stratigraphic intervals. Bio- and lithostratigraphic frameworks were developed that were uniform across state boundaries. Similarly cross-border seismic horizon maps were prepared for the C horizon (top Cadna-owie Formation), P horizon (top Patchawarra Formation) and Z horizon (base Eromanga/Cooper Basins). Derivative maps, such as isopach maps, were prepared from the seismic horizon maps.Burial geohistory plots were constructed using standard decompaction techniques, a fluctuating sea level and palaeo-waterdepths. Using terrestrial compaction and a palaeo-elevation for the Winton Formation, tectonic subsidence during the Winton Formation deposition and erosion is the same as the background Eromanga Basin trend—this differs significantly from previous studies which attributed apparently rapid deposition of the Winton Formation to basement subsidence. A dynamic topography model explains many of the features of basin history during the Cretaceous. Palaeo-temperature modelling showed a high heatflow peak from 90–85 Ma. The origin of this peak is unknown. There is also a peak over the last two–five million years.Expulsion maps were prepared for the source rock units studied. In preparing these maps the following assumptions were made:expulsion is proportional to maturity and source rock richness;maturity is proportional to peak temperature; andpeak temperature is proportional to palaeo-heatflow and palaeo-burial.The geohistory modelling involved 111 control points. The major expulsion is in the mid-Cretaceous with minor amounts in the late Tertiary. Maturity maps were prepared by draping seismic structure over maturity values at control points. Draping of maturity maps over expulsion values at the control points was used to produce expulsion maps. Hydrocarbon generation was calculated using a composite kerogen kinetic model. Volumes generated are theoretically large, up to 120 BBL m2 of kitchen area at Tirrawarra North. Maps were prepared for the Patchawarra and Toolachee Formations in the Cooper Basin and the Birkhead and Poolowanna Formations in the Eromanga Basins. In addition, maps were prepared for Tertiary expulsion. The Permian units represent the dominant source as Jurassic source rocks have only generated in the deepest parts of the Eromanga Basin.
10
Kuang, K. S. "History and style of Cooper?Eromanga Basin structures." Exploration Geophysics 16, no. 2-3 (June 1985): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg985245.
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Cook, Alex G. "Cretaceous faunas and events, northern Eromanga Basin, Queensland." Episodes 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2012/v35i1/014.
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McIntyre, Steven. "Analysis of predictive performance in the Eromanga Basin." APPEA Journal 52, no. 2 (2012): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11092.
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Strategic and operational management in the exploration and production business is characterised by prediction and decision making in a data-rich, high-uncertainty environment. Analysis of predictive performance since the 1970s by multiple researchers indicates that predictions are subject to over-confidence and optimism negatively impacting performance. The situation is the same for other areas of human endeavour also operating within data-rich, high-uncertainty environments. Research in the fields of psychology and neuroscience indicates the way in which the human brain perceives, integrates and allocates significance to data is the cause. Significant effort has been dedicated to improving the quality of predictions. Many individual companies review their predictive performance during long periods, but few share their data or analysis with the industry at large. Data that is shared is generally presented at a high level, reducing transparency and making it difficult to link the analysis to the geology and data from which predictions are derived. This extended abstract presents an analysis of predictive performance from the Eromanga Basin where pre-drill predictions and detailed production data during a period of decades is available in the public domain, providing an opportunity to test the veracity of past observations and conclusions. Analysis of the dataset indicates that predictions made using both deterministic and probabilistic methodologies have been characterised by over-confidence and optimism. The reasons for this performance are discussed and suggestions for improving predictive capability provided.
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Bishop, Ian, and Steve Martucci. "WELL TUBULAR CORROSION IN THE COOPER/EROMANGA BASIN." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90034.
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In September 1987 the Della-1 gas well blew out at approximately 19.5m (64ft) abovesea level (42.7m (140 ft) KB) due to corrosion of the production casing and tubing.The production casing failure and other similar corrosion occurrences were considered to be due to sulphate-reducing bacteria which have been identified in a large number of wells in the Cooper Basin. It was considered possible that iron sulphide was being deposited on the casings in the surface-to-production casing annulus at the air/water interface promoting the formation of anodic sites and therefore corrosion.Further investigations of the evidence indicates that sulphate-reducing bacteria are not the major contributors to the corrosion as was initially believed. Field studies, laboratory analysis and ongoing well programs show that the process of differential aeration is the prime cause of the casing corrosion. Corrosion has been found to occur predominantly at a depth of between 18.3m (60 ft) and 36.6m (120 ft) above sea level and occurs over a band of 6.1 m (20 ft) to 9.1m (SO ft) in each well in conjunction with the external water table.As a result of this corrosion failure SANTOS has initiated a regular program of well maintenance, annulus inhibitor top-ups and pressure testing. A total of 315 wells have been tested to date, production casing corrosion problems have been identified in 35 wells, 31 wells have been repaired and four wells abandoned.
14
Boult, P. J., E. Lanzilli, B. H. Michaelsen, D. M. McKirdy, and M. J. Ryan. "A NEW MODEL FOR THE HUTTON/BIRKHEAD RESERVOIR/SEAL COUPLET AND THE ASSOCIATED BIRKHEAD-HUTTON(!) PETROLEUM SYSTEM." APPEA Journal 38, no. 1 (1998): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97048.
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Biomarker analysis of source rocks and oils from the Permian and Jurassic of the central Patchawarra Trough and the Gidgealpa area, reveal that much of the oil in the Eromanga Basin may have a significant lateral migrational component and be of Jurassic (i.e. intra-Eromanga) origin. Differences in hopane signatures can be used to discriminate between palaeo-oil and presently migrating live oil, and to constrain migration pathways. Thus, in some locations the identification of new source kitchens has been made possible by a combination of seal and biomarker analysis taking into account stratigraphic inheritance on conventional structural drainage maps. 3D seismic, sequence stratigraphy, dipmeter interpretation and neodymium model age dating together with conventional correlation techniques, have provided a new model for the deposition of the Hutton Sandstone to Birkhead Formation transition in the Eromanga Basin. Analysis of seal and carrier bed properties through time, in combination with hydrocarbon geochemistry and thermal modelling, indicates that the Birkhead-Hutton (!)' petroleum system has produced significant quantities of oil in the Cooper Basin sector of the Eromanga Basin.A disconf ormity near the base of the Hutton/Birkhead transition has controlled the location of oil-prone source rocks within the Birkhead Formation and stratigraphically focussed migration along palaeo-topographic ridges. A diachronous influx of volcanic-arc-derived (VAD) sediment within the Birkhead Formation has been traced right across the productive part of the Eromanga Basin. This influx of VAD sediment is associated with the main seal to underlying accumulations within both the lower Birkhead Formation and Hutton Sandstone. Sands comprising VAD sediment, which are juxtaposed, form the weak link within the main seal. The sediments between the VAD influx and the underlying unconformity in many locations constitute a waste zone.Palaeo-oil columns are common beneath extant, live oil accumulations. This indicates that a possible decrease in seal potential of the VAD sediment has occurred over time. The main seals to underlying accumulations were originally static, water-wet capillary seals which, mostly through an alteration of wettability, changed to simple permeability seals for currently migrating oil. Seal analysis, biomarker studies and geothermal modelling indicate that a double migration pulse has occurred in some areas of the Eromanga Basin. Palaeo-oil columns are related to a Late Cretaceous charge, and live oil accumulations to presently migrating oil.
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Lockhart, D. A., E. Riel, M. Sanders, A. Walsh, G. T. Cooper, and M. Allder. "Play-based exploration in the southern Cooper Basin: a systematic approach to exploration in a mature basin." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17138.
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Exploration within a mature basin poses many challenges, not least how to best utilise resources and time to maximise success and reduce cost. Play-based exploration (PBE) provides a team-based approach to combine key aspects of the petroleum system into an integrated and wholistic view of basin prospectivity. While the PBE methodology is well established, it is not often applied to its full extent on a basin scale. After a period of declining exploration success in parts of the South Australia Cooper-Eromanga Basin, this study was undertaken by a dedicated regional geoscience team with the aim of rebuilding an understanding of the basin, based on first principles and stripping away exploration paradigms. The study area comprises an acreage position in the South Australian and Queensland Cooper-Eromanga Basins covering 70 000 km2 in which Senex Energy has 14 oil fields, has drilled more than 80 exploration wells and has acquired 2D and 3D seismic material. A plethora of proven and emerging plays exist within the acreage ranging from high productivity light sweet oil (Birkhead and Namur Reservoirs) to tight oil (Murta Formation), conventional gas (Toolachee/Epsilon and Patchawarra Formation), tight gas (Patchawarra Formation) and the emerging deep coal play (Toolachee and Patchawarra Coals). Play-based exploration methodologies incorporating the integration of seismic data, log and palynological data, structural analysis, geochemistry, 3D basin modelling, consistent well failure analysis and gross depositional environment maps have allowed the systematic creation of common risk segment maps at all play levels. This information is now actively utilised for permit management, business development, work program creation and portfolio management. This paper will present an example of the work focussing on the southern section of the South Australian Cooper-Eromanga Basin.
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Röth, Joschka, and Ralf Littke. "Down under and under Cover—The Tectonic and Thermal History of the Cooper and Central Eromanga Basins (Central Eastern Australia)." Geosciences 12, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12030117.
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The Cooper subregion within the central Eromanga Basin is the Swiss army knife among Australia’s sedimentary basins. In addition to important oil and gas resources, it hosts abundant coal bed methane, important groundwater resources, features suitable conditions for enhanced geothermal systems, and is a potential site for carbon capture and storage. However, after seven decades of exploration, various uncertainties remain concerning its tectonic and thermal evolution. In this study, the public-domain 3D model of the Cooper and Eromanga stacked sedimentary basins was modified by integrating the latest structural and stratigraphic data, then used to perform numerical basin modelling and subsidence history analysis for a better comprehension of their complex geologic history. Calibrated 1D/3D numerical models provide the grounds for heat flow, temperature, thermal maturity, and sediment thickness maps. According to calibrated vitrinite reflectance profiles, a major hydrothermal/magmatic event at about 100 Ma with associated basal heat flow up to 150 mW/m2 caused source rock maturation and petroleum generation and probably overprinted most of the previous hydrothermal events in the study area. This event correlates with sedimentation rates up to 200 m/Ma and was apparently accompanied by extensive crustal shear. Structural style and depocentre migration analysis suggest that the Carboniferous–Triassic Cooper Basin initially has been a lazy-s shaped triplex pull-apart basin controlled by the Cooper Basin Master Fault before being inverted into a piggy-back basin and then blanketed by the Jurassic–Cretaceous Eromanga Basin. The interpreted Central Eromanga Shear Zone governed the tectonic evolution from the Triassic until today. It repeatedly induced NNW-SSE directed deformation along the western edge of the Thomson Orogen and is characterized by present-day seismicity and distinct neotectonic features. We hypothesize that throughout the basin evolution, alternating tectonic stress caused frequent thermal weakening of the crust and facilitated the establishment of the Cooper Hot Spot, which recently increased again its activity below the Nappamerri Trough.
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Kaushik, Pankaj R., Christopher E. Ndehedehe, Ryan M. Burrows, Mark R. Noll, and Mark J. Kennard. "Assessing Changes in Terrestrial Water Storage Components over the Great Artesian Basin Using Satellite Observations." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2021): 4458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214458.
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The influence of climate change and anthropogenic activities (e.g., water withdrawals) on groundwater basins has gained attention recently across the globe. However, the understanding of hydrological stores (e.g., groundwater storage) in one of the largest and deepest artesian basins, the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) is limited due to the poor distribution of groundwater monitoring bores. In this study, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite and ancillary data from observations and models (soil moisture, rainfall, and evapotranspiration (ET)) were used to assess changes in terrestrial water storage and groundwater storage (GWS) variations across the GAB and its sub-basins (Carpentaria, Surat, Western Eromanga, and Central Eromanga). Results show that there is strong relationship of GWS variation with rainfall (r = 0.9) and ET (r = 0.9 to 1) in the Surat and some parts of the Carpentaria sub-basin in the GAB (2002–2017). Using multi-variate methods, we found that variation in GWS is primarily driven by rainfall in the Carpentaria sub-basin. While changes in rainfall account for much of the observed spatio-temporal distribution of water storage changes in Carpentaria and some parts of the Surat sub-basin (r = 0.90 at 0–2 months lag), the relationship of GWS with rainfall and ET in Central Eromanga sub-basin (r = 0.10–0.30 at more than 12 months lag) suggest the effects of human water extraction in the GAB.
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Cull, J. P., and J. D. Gray. "Sediment compaction and magnetotelluric data in the Eromanga Basin." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 2 (1989): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989335.
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Magnetotelluric data obtained in the Eromanga Basin can be interpreted using one-dimensional models to describe plane layers consistent with geological mapping. Interpretations are based on the results of non-linear inversions generating a minimum least-squares error between the observations and the model. However there is no statistical justification for selecting highly complex starting models. In particular adequate solutions can be generated using models based on 2, 3 or 4 layers over basement; additional layers defining fine structure can only be retained using external geological constraints. Solutions based on random starting models suggest gradations in resistivity (1?4 ohm m) consistent with sediment compaction. Major discontinuities in all models (4?30 ohm m) are assumed to indicate a basement contact at depths of 7?8 km.
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Lowry, David, and David Evans. "Eromanga (Queensland) exploration–new concepts for an old basin." APPEA Journal 51, no. 1 (2011): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10021.
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Eromanga Basin exploration surged in Queensland after the discovery of the Jackson field in 1982, but has ebbed over the last 20 years. Perceived exploration risks are: • Oil generation and migration peaked in the mid-Cretaceous before much of the anticlinal structuring, so that modern structure is an uncertain guide to Cretaceous migration paths. • Permian coals are generally credited with sourcing most of the oil and gas in the Cooper-Eromanga Basin. In Queensland, the Permian largely drains to the southern flank and the northern flank is thought to have a high charge risk. This study covers 100,000 km2. It used sonic logs to determine the amount of Tertiary erosion and thus allows the preparation of structure maps restored to mid-Cretaceous time. Maturity maps of the Birkhead and Poolowanna Formations were computed from a reflectance/restored temperature algorithm based on 50 wells. Source rock thickness maps and an oil expulsion model based on Pepper and Corvi (1995a, 1995b) then allowed oil expulsion to be mapped regionally. The study produces the key results that could be expected from 3D earth modelling, but with great savings in time and money. The study demonstrates an oil kitchen at both Poolowanna and Birkhead stratigraphic levels in the vicinity of Tanbar–1. Secondary migration losses are speculative, but modelling shows that hundreds of millions of barrels of oil from each formation have migrated west towards the Curalle ridge, north to Inland and Morney, and southeast to Mt Howitt. The Inland oil field is presently an isolated anomaly on the northwest flank of the basin, but this study suggests that further exploration in the area could be successful.
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Khorasani, Ganjavar Khavari. "RECENT ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE CENTRAL EROMANGA BASIN." APPEA Journal 27, no. 1 (1987): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj86011.
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Systematic analyses of bulk properties and of molecular composition, by gas chromatography (GC), fluorescence spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), reflectance photometry and 'Rock-Eval' pyrolysis of core samples from three stratigraphic bores from the central and northern-central Eromanga Basin, reveal the following:The organic facies variations in the central Eromanga are considerable; however, the biofacies can be grouped into three major types.The sediments do not enter the mature zone of oil generation until a reflectance level of 0.65 per cent Rv max. or higher is reached. The Birkhead Formation, with a 'hydrogen-rich' type III kerogen, is only marginally mature and the amounts of hydrocarbons already generated are minor. In the Early Jurassic sedimentary unit (Basal Jurassic Shale Unit), however, there is a distinct increase in the level of S1/Organic Carbon indices and in the maturity of organic matter. While the extracts from younger Jurassic sequences of the basin display a substantial waxy character, the bitumens derived from the Basal Jurassic Unit are highly aromatic in character and contain few saturated hydrocarbons.
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Rodgers, J., F. L. Wehr, and J. W. Hunt. "Tertiary uplift estimation from velocity data in the Eromanga Basin." Exploration Geophysics 22, no. 2 (June 1991): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg991321.
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Hardman, Jonathon, Simon Holford, Nick Schofield, Mark Bunch, and Daniel Gibbins. "Nature and origin of Jurassic volcanism in the Eromanga Basin." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2019, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22020586.2019.12072957.
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Gibson, DL. "Post-early cretaceous landform evolution along the western margin of the Bancannia trough, western NSW." Rangeland Journal 22, no. 1 (2000): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj0000032.
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Previously undated post-Devonian sediments outcropping north of Fowlers Gap station near the western margin of the Bancannia Trough are shown by plant macro- and microfossil determinations to be of Early Cretaceous (most likely Neocomian and/or Aptian) age, and thus part of the Eromanga Basin. They are assigned to the previously defined Teleplione Creek Formation. Study of the structural configuration of this unit and the unconformably underlying Devonian rocks suggests that the gross landscape architecture of the area results from post-Early Cretaceous monoclinal folding along blind faults at the western margin of the trough, combined with the effects of differential erosion. This study shows that. while landscape evolution in the area has been dynamic, the major changes that have occurred are on a geological rather than human timescale. Key words: geology, landscape evolution, Eromanga Basin, folding
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Craig, Adam. "Exploration and appraisal year in review 2021." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S527—S536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21222.
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Petroleum exploration and appraisal activity increased in 2021. Exploration spend increased for the year, continuing a positive trend. Onshore exploration and appraisal activity continues to dominate the petroleum exploration scene in Australia. Positive indications of increased work program bids (wells, seismic and spend) are, however, tempered by the downward trend of total exploration acreage (by area) and new acreage awards. In addition to petroleum exploration acreage, greenhouse gas sequestration acreage was released across Australia in 2021. Twenty-nine exploration wells were drilled in the year compared to twenty-five in the previous year. Eight conventional petroleum discoveries were reported, with the Artisan-1 discovery in the Otway Basin being the only offshore discovery. The Lockyer Deep-1 gas discovery in the Northern Perth Basin continues the exploration success of the Permian Kingia and High Cliff Sandstone play. The Cooper–Eromanga Basin continues to yield discoveries with the Odin-1, Rosebay-1, Lowry South, Liger-1 and Chimera-1 discoveries reported for the year. Thirty-one appraisal wells were drilled for the year with significant activity in the Northern Perth Basin, Cooper-Eromanga Basin and Bowen-Surat Basins. Exploration and appraisal drilling also continued in the Beetaloo Sub-basin with the drilling of the Tanumbirini-2H, Tanumbirini-3H and Carpentaria-2/2H wells during the year.
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Tupper, N. P., and D. M. Burckhardt. "USE OF THE METHYLPHENANTHRENE INDEX TO CHARACTERISE EXPULSION OF COOPER AND EROMANGA BASIN OILS." APPEA Journal 30, no. 1 (1990): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj89025.
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The methylphenanthrene index (MPI) molecular maturity parameter is available for over 100 Cooper and Eromanga Basin oils. Oil maturity data define the threshold and range of expulsion maturity for source rocks and can be used to determine oil-source affinity. Mapping of this maturity range for all potential source rocks identifies areas of greatest oil potential.Cooper and Eromanga oils were expelled over a wide maturity range commencing at 0.6 per cent calculated vitrinite reflectance equivalent in some parts of the basin. Oil occurrence and expulsion maturity are controlled by variations in source quality such that no single expulsion threshold can be applied basin-wide. The full oil potential of the basin will only be realised by selective drilling of prospects with access to source rocks in the 0.60-0.95 per cent vitrinite reflectance range.The timing of oil expulsion is determined by using oil maturity data to calibrate thermal modelling of basin depocentres. Peak expulsion occurred during the Cretaceous and therefore prospects with pre-Tertiary structural growth are favoured.Structural embayments with thick Permian section at the southern margin of the Cooper Basin, plus the flanks of the Patchawarra and Nappamerri troughs, are highly prospective in terms of oil source potential and will be further evaluated by drilling in 1990.
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Korsch, Russell, Heike Struckmeyer, Alison Kirkby, Laurie Hutton, Lidena Carr, Kinta Hoffmann, Richard Chopping, et al. "Energy potential of the Millungera Basin: a newly discovered basin in north Queensland." APPEA Journal 51, no. 1 (2011): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10020.
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Deep seismic reflection surveys in north Queensland that were collected in 2006 and 2007 discovered a previously unknown sedimentary basin, now named the Millungera Basin, which is completely covered by a thin succession of sediments of the Jurassic–Cretaceous, Eromanga-Carpentaria Basin. Interpretation of regional aeromagnetic data suggests that the basin could have areal dimensions of up to 280 km by 95 km. Apart from regional geophysical data, virtually no confirmed geological information exists on the basin. To complement the seismic data, new magnetotelluric data have been acquired on several lines across the basin. An angular unconformity between the Eromanga and Millungera basins indicates that the upper part of the Millungera Basin was eroded prior to deposition of the Eromanga-Carpentaria Basin. Both the western and eastern margins of the Millungera Basin are truncated by thrust faults, with well-developed hangingwall anticlines occurring above the thrusts at the eastern margin. The basin thickens slightly to the east, to a maximum preserved subsurface depth of ˜3,370 m. Using sequence stratigraphic principles, three discrete sequences have been mapped. The geometry of the stratigraphic sequences, the post-depositional thrust margins, and the erosional unconformity at the top of the succession all indicate that the original succession across much of the basin was thicker–by up to at least 1,500 m–than preserved today. The age of the Millungera Basin is unknown, but petroleum systems modelling has been carried out using two scenarios, that is, that the sediment fill is equivalent in age to (1) the Neoproterozoic-Devonian Georgina Basin, or (2) the Permian–Triassic Lovelle Depression of the Galilee Basin. Using the Georgina Basin analogue, potential Cambrian source rocks are likely to be mature over most of the Millungera Basin, with significant generation and expulsion of hydrocarbons occurring in two phases, in response to Ordovician and Cretaceous sediment loading. For the Galilee Basin analogue, potential Permian source rocks are likely to be oil mature in the central Millungera Basin, but immature on the basin margins. Significant oil generation and expulsion probably occurred during the Triassic, in response to late Permian to Early Triassic sediment loading. Based on the seismic and potential field data, several granites are interpreted to occur immediately below the Millungera Basin, raising the possibility of hot rock geothermal plays. Depending on its composition, the Millungera Basin could provide a thermal blanket to trap any heat which is generated. 3D inversion of potential field data suggests that the inferred granites range from being magnetic to nonmagnetic, and felsic (less dense) to more mafic. They may be part of the Williams Supersuite, which is enriched in uranium, thorium and potassium, and exposed just to the west, in the Mount Isa Province. 3D gravity modelling suggests that the inferred granites have a possible maximum thickness of up to 5.5 km. Therefore, if granites with the composition of the Williams Supersuite occur beneath the Millungera Basin, in the volumes indicated by gravity inversions, then, based on the forward temperature modelling, there is a good probability that the basin is prospective for geothermal energy.
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Gallagher, KERRY, and KURT Lambeck. "Subsidence, sedimentation and sea-level changes in the Eromanga Basin, Australia." Basin Research 2, no. 2 (June 1989): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.1989.tb00030.x.
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Watts, K. J. "THE HUTTON SANDSTONE-BIRKHEAD FORMATION TRANSITION, ATP 269P(1), EROMANGA BASIN." APPEA Journal 27, no. 1 (1987): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj86018.
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The Hutton Sandstone and Birkhead Formation are the reservoir and seal, respectively, for most ofthe oil discovered in the Eromanga Basin. The traps are generally simple anticlinal closures; however stratigraphic complexities are common. Development well failures in ATP 269P(1) are commonly caused by stratigraphic variations at the Hutton-Birkhead transition.In ATP 269P(1) two distinct sandstone compositions are present over the Hutton-Birkhead transition, and are end-members of a spectrum of compositions. The first end-member consists of porous and permeable quartzose sandstone which is typical of the Hutton Sandstone. The second end-member is a lithic labile sandstone which is generally not of reservoir quality and is typical of the Birkhead Formation. Mixed and interbedded varieties are common, and are included in the Birkhead. The sandstone composition indicates that the quartzose 'Hutton' variety was derived from a stable, plutonic-metamorphic craton, whereas the lithic 'Birkhead' variety was sourced from a tectonically mobile belt, consisting of acid to intermediate volcanics, regional metamorphics, and metasediments.The Bodalla South Field displays a gradational change from quartzose sandstone in the Hutton to mixed and interbedded varieties in the Birkhead. Substantial range in reservoir quality is seen in the field and is related to sandstone composition and to a fluviodeltaic environment of deposition. In the Kenmore Field lithic sandstone, deposited in channels eroded into the quartzose sediments, provides stratigraphic enhancement of the structural closure.Similar relationships are seen in the Jackson-Naccowlah area and the Surat Basin and are linked to a change from a single provenance during deposition of the Hutton to a dual provenance during deposition of the Birkhead. This change was caused by increased activity in a mid-Jurassic arc system off the present Queensland coast and has important implications for petroleum exploration in the Eromanga and Surat Basins.
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Newton, C. B. "THE TINTABURRA OILFIELD." APPEA Journal 26, no. 1 (1986): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85029.
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The Tintaburra oilfield, discovered in December 1983 with the drilling of Tintaburra 1, is situated within Petroleum Lease 29 (previously within Authority to Prospect 299P Part 2) on the southeast margin of the Eromanga Basin, Queensland.Tintaburra 1 recorded the first flow of oil from the Cretaceous Wyandra Sandstone Member of the Cadnaowie Formation in the Eromanga Basin and established the presence of oil columns in the Murta Member and Hutton Sandstone. The Hutton Sandstone produced 1750 barrels of 44° API gravity oil per day on drill stem test.The results of six successful appraisal wells show the field to be a simple structural accumulation at the top Hutton level. The top Hutton accumulation is believed to be full to fault-independent closure. The hydrocarbons are trapped on the western upthrown side of the Tertiary reverse faulted Tintaburra Anticline. Approximately 80 per cent of reserves are reservoired in the top Hutton.The discovery extended the productive limits of the Eromanga Basin 100 km to the north and east from theJackson oilfield, and highlighted the potential of Tertiary structures, previously thought by many to be non-prospective.Channelling at the 'C' horizon (base Wallumbilla Formation) extends across the southern part of the field, complicating depth mapping by virtue of the large velocity contrasts between channel and host sediments. Velocity and raypath distortion below the channel are major geophysical complexities that have been successfully overcome, allowing more accurate location of appraisal wells.Appraisal drilling, combined with high quality seismic data, has identified the nature of the Early Cretaceous submarine channelling, and has identified new channel-related plays. 'C' horizon channelling imparts a strong stratigraphic component to the Murta and Wyandra accumulations. Integrated core and log studies indicate that every reservoir within fault-independent closure, and overlain by a laterally continuous effective seal, contains oil. Facies variations within the top Hutton/base Birkhead interval have important implications for trap integrity and are generally not resolvable seismically.The high API gravity, low pour point Wyandra and Murta crudes are distinct from the waxy, paraffinic Hutton crudes, and geochemical analysis of the oils and source rocks indicates a probable Eromanga-sequence origin for all the crudes.
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Keany, Mitchell, Simon Holford, and Mark Bunch. "Constraining Late Cretaceous exhumation in the Eromanga Basin using sonic velocity data." APPEA Journal 56, no. 1 (2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj15009.
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Exhumation in sedimentary basins can have significant consequences for their petroleum systems. For example, source rocks may be more mature than their present-day burial depths suggest, increased compaction can result in reduced reservoir quality, and seal integrity problems are commonly encountered. The Eromanga Basin in central Australia experienced an important phase of exhumation during the Late Cretaceous, though the magnitude and spatial distribution of exhumation is poorly constrained. In this study exhumation magnitudes have been determined for 100 petroleum wells based on sonic transit time analyses of fine grained shales, siltstones and mudstones within selected Cretaceous stratigraphic units. Observed sonic transit times are compared to normal compaction trends (NCTs) determined for suitable stratigraphic units. The Winton Formation and the Bulldog Shale/Wallumbilla Formation were chosen for analysis in this study for their homogenous, fine-grained and laterally extensive properties. Exhumation magnitudes for these stratigraphic units are statistically similar. Results show net exhumation in the southern Cooper-Eromanga Basin (<500 m [~1,640 ft]) and higher net exhumation magnitudes (up to 1,400 m [~3,937 ft]) being recorded in the northeastern margins of the basin. Gross exhumation magnitudes show significant variation across short distances suggesting different tectonic processes acting upon the basin. Independent vitrinite reflectance and apatite fission track analysis data, available for a subset of wells, give statistically similar exhumation magnitudes to those that have been calculated through the compaction methodology, giving confidence in these results. The effect on source rock generation is illustrated through 1D basin modelling where exhumation is shown to impact the timing and type of the hydrocarbons generated. The improved quantification of this exhumation permits a better understanding of the Late Cretaceous tectonics and palaeogeography of central Australia.
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Mai, P. S. Moore D. K. Hobday H., and Z. C. Sun. "COMPARISON OF SELECTED NON-MARINE PETROLEUM-BEARING BASINS IN AUSTRALIA AND CHINA." APPEA Journal 26, no. 1 (1986): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85026.
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This paper summarises the geology and hydrocarbon potential of two Chinese and two Australian basins (Ordos, Northern Jiangsu, Eromanga, and Surat basins) in order to compare factors affecting the generation, migration, and entrapment of hydrocarbons. In all four basins, hydrocarbons are generated from nonmarine source rocks of lacustrine and fluvial-overbank origin. While the Chinese and Australian basins contain a similar range of sedimentary facies, from alluvial fan to lacustrine, the arrangement and relative thicknesses of these facies vary considerably as a result of different tectonic and palaeoclimatic settings.During the Triassic, the Ordos Basin was dominated by retroarc foredeep subsidence and the development of deep, fresh-water lakes with anoxic bottom waters. This non-bioturbated substrate, with Type I and II kerogen precursors, provided an excellent oil source for adjacent fan-delta, deltaic, and fluvial reservoirs, and for the unconformably overlying Jurassic fluvial valley-fill sandstone reservoirs.The Northern Jiangsu Basin was initiated by back-arc extension and underwent very rapid half-graben subsidence in the Eocene. Alluvial fan, shoreline, and fluvial facies aggraded in a relatively narrow zone along the active, faulted margin, and merged laterally into organic-rich shales which provided a local source for oil.By comparison, the Eromanga/Surat basins developed in response to gentle downwarp and reactivation of older structural trends. Reservoirs are largely restricted to craton-derived quartzose facies such as in the Hutton, Precipice, and Namur sandstones. There is probably a dual source for oil, from the underlying Permian (which may be the dominant source in the Surat Basin), and from shales deposited in shallow, partly oxygenated lakes and overbank facies of Jurassic age (important in the Eromanga, and possibly subordinate in the Surat Basin). Deep lacustrine facies, typical of the Chinese basins, did not develop. The greater abundance of oil in the Chinese nonmarine basins is explained in terms of tectonic and palaeoclimatic factors which yielded thicker and better quality source rocks, more rapid maturation, and a better juxtaposition of source rocks and good-quality reservoirs, thus providing short, highly efficient migration routes.
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Talebi, Behnam. "1D depth burial history and thermal maturity modelling of the Toolebuc Formation, Queensland." APPEA Journal 56, no. 2 (2016): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj15096.
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The Toolebuc Formation in the Eromanga and Carpentaria basins in western Queensland shares many characteristics with successful tight oil plays in the US. A study by the Geological Survey of Queensland has examined key parameters for this formation, including depth, thickness, lithology, mineralogy, maturity (both vitrinite reflectance and Tmax), total organic carbon and mud gas compositions and identified a possible play fairway in the central Eromanga Basin. Mudgas wetness ratios indicate that in areas modelled to be more mature, oil may be present in the Toolebuc Formation. These areas are typically in the central Eromanga Basin where the Toolebuc Formation is deepest, though oil responses have been calculated for wells that are shallower. This is contradicted by the apparent maturity of the formation based on vitrinite reflectance and Tmax measurements. Initial burial history modelling of the six petroleum wells indicates that DIO Hammond–1, SSL Clinton–1, DIO Tanbar North–1 and DIO Marengo–1 are in main oil window (0.7–1.0 %Ro) while DIO Denley–1 and DIO Ingella–1 are in the early oil window (0.55–0.7 %Ro). A single erosional event of 550 m of the Winton Formation has been assumed for this modelling. These wells are the deepest intersections of the Toolebuc Formation where it has been modelled to have higher maturity, and mudgas wetness ratios indicate oil may be present. Further refinement of these models and examination of additional wells is needed to better understand the potential for the Toolebuc Formation to have generated petroleum.
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Chua, Min Lee, Sergey Birdus, Alexey Artyomov, and Joe Miller. "Case study: Successful application of 3D depth processing in Eromanga Basin, Queensland." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (December 2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2013ab260.
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Armanios, Carim, Robert Alexander, Imam B. Sosrowidjojo, and Robert I. Kagi. "Identification of bicadinanes in Jurassic organic matter from the Eromanga Basin, Australia." Organic Geochemistry 23, no. 9 (September 1995): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(95)80004-b.
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Bradshaw, Barry E., Nadege Rollet, Jeremy Iwanec, and Tom Bernecker. "A regional chronostratigraphic framework for play-based resource assessments in the Eromanga Basin." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S392—S399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21097.
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Geoscience Australia is undertaking a series of basin-scale assessments to identify the ‘yet-to-find’ resource potential for hydrocarbons, as well as for groundwater resources and carbon capture and storage (CCS) opportunities in central Australia under the Exploring for the Future (EFTF) Program. A play-based exploration approach is being used to systematically evaluate the key risk elements for each resource type through the analysis of drilling results and spatial data to map ‘sweet spots’ for exploration. These assessments aim to reduce the risks and uncertainties for explorers by providing spatially enabled assessments of energy resources and CCS potential. The work will also improve the understanding of existing groundwater resources which may be impacted by future energy resource developments or provide feedstock for future green hydrogen projects. A key requirement for undertaking such play-based resource assessments is to apply a common regional chronostratigraphic framework across all the resource types that link different geological unit nomenclatures through defining the assessed reservoir and seal intervals and their associated sequence stratigraphic surfaces (sequence boundaries, transgressive surfaces and maximum flooding surfaces). A Mesozoic chronostratigraphic framework has been developed for the Eromanga Basin, which defines nine regional play intervals that host the known hydrocarbon and groundwater resources, or represent potential CCS targets. The Mesozoic play framework is now being applied to undertake play-based low-carbon energy resource assessments in the western Eromanga Basin, with initial work focussing on the interpretation and correlation of the nine play intervals in wells for post-drill analysis.
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Randal, M. A. "PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENTS IN QUEENSLAND DURING 1985." APPEA Journal 26, no. 2 (1986): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85051.
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Petroleum exploration in Queensland during 1985 remained at the high levels that existed during 1984. Of the 115 wells spudded, 88 were wildcat exploration wells, 24 were appraisal wells, and three were development wells. New field discoveries numbered 23, being 16 oil and 7 of gas, the highest number ever recorded. All but two of the appraisal wells and all three development wells were successful. Seismic surveys totalled 23 158 km of subsurface section, 75 per cent in the western part of the state in the Eromanga/Cooper and Eromanga/Galilee basins and their environs, and the remainder in the Surat and Bowen basins. Similar levels of exploration are expected during 1986, although the amount of seismic surveying may decrease as much as 20 per cent. Exploration is expected to be in mostly the same basins as now over the next 15 years.Two liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) separating plants came on stream in 1985 in the Surat/Bowen Basin, one at Kincora and one near Wallumbilla, with a combined output capacity of 50 000 tonnes annually. At Eromanga a mini-refinery with a capacity of about 880 barrels of oil per day commenced operations producing mostly distillate. Petroleum Leases were granted during the year over the Tintaburra and Bodalla South oilfields near Eromanga, and over the Riverslea and Yapunyah oilfields in the Surat region.Queensland's petroleum reserves now stand at 66 million barrels remaining recoverable oil, 17 billion cu m gas, and 500 000 tonnes of LPG. Daily production is about 29 000 barrels of oil and condensate, about 1.2 million cu m of gas, and 97 tonnes of LPG.There is relatively little impact to petroleum exploration in Queenland through the setting aside of land for special purposes. Legislation and administrative arrangements allow exploration in National Parks and Forest Reserves under conditions set down by the controlling bodies.
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Shirley, Erin. "Investigating depth structure uncertainty for horizontal well placement, Bauer Field, Cooper-Eromanga Basin." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17198.
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The Bauer Field was discovered in August 2011 on the Western Flank of the Cooper-Eromanga Basin. Bauer 1 discovered an 11 m oil column in the Namur Sandstone, directly overlain by a 4 m oil column in the McKinlay Member. The Bauer Field has been developed by vertical wells targeting the high deliverability Namur Sandstone with the McKinlay Member as a secondary target. In 2017 the decision was made to specifically target the McKinlay Member with a horizontal well, requiring a multi-disciplinary approach to combine geological, geophysical and engineering datasets. The McKinlay Member is 3–5 m in thickness and below seismic resolution with the wavelet being dominated by the larger acoustic impedance contrast produced from the Namur Sandstone. The McKinlay Member depth structure was mapped using various depth conversion methods to investigate the uncertainty in the depth structure expected for the landing of the well and along the lateral section. An average depth surface generated from the different techniques was useful for providing the general form of the structure and was used to predict dip changes along the lateral section. Understanding the uncertainty led to successful well placement of the first horizontal well in the McKinlay Member on the Western Flank.
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Gravestock, D. I., and E. M. Alexander. "POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY OF RESERVOIRS AND CAPROCKS IN THE EROMANGA BASIN, SOUTH AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 26, no. 1 (1986): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85020.
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When effective porosity and permeability are measured at simulated overburden pressure, and grain size variation is taken into account, two distinct relationships are evident for Eromanga Basin reservoirs. Reservoirs in the Hutton Sandstone and Namur Sandstone Member behave such that significant porosity reduction can be sustained with retention of high permeability, whereas permeability of reservoirs in the Birkhead Formation and Murta Member is critically dependent on slight porosity variations. Logging tool responses are compared with core-derived data to show in particular the effects of grain size and clay content on the gamma ray, sonic, and density tools, where clay content is assessed from cation exchange capacity measurements. Sonic and density crossplots, constructed to provide comparison with a water-saturated 'reference' reservoir, are advantageous in comparing measured effective porosity from core plugs at overburden pressure with porosity calculated from logs. Gamma ray and sonic log responses of the Murta Member in the Murteree Horst area are clearly distinct from those of all other reservoirs, perhaps partly due to differences in mineralogy and shallower depth of burial compared with other formations.
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Powell, T. G., C. J. Boreham, D. M. McKirdy, B. H. Michaelsen, and R. E. Summons. "PETROLEUM GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE MURTA MEMBER, MOOGA FORMATION, AND ASSOCIATED OILS, EROMANGA BASIN." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88015.
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An investigation has been made of the source potential, degree of maturation and hydrocarbon composition of selected oils and sediments in the Murta Member in ATP 267P and the Moomba and Napacoongee- Murteree Blocks (PEL 5 and 6), Eromanga Basin. Shales in the Murta Member contain low amounts (up to 2.5% TOC) of terrestrial oil- prone organic matter (Types II–III) which consists predominantly of sporinite, lipto- detrinite and inertinite with lower amounts of vitrinite, although some samples contain relatively abundant telalginite. Extractable hydrocarbon yields demonstrate that parts of the Murta Member are effective source rocks at present maturation levels, which are at the threshold of the conventional oil window (vitrinite reflectance = 0.5- 0.6% Ro).Oils from Murta reservoirs in ATP 267P (Kihee, Nockatunga and Thungo) all show the characteristics found by previous analyses of many Murta oils, namely paraffinic, low wax, and high pristane- to- phytane ratios. In contrast Murta oils from Limestone Creek and Biala are waxy. All oils show chemical evidence of generation at relatively low maturation levels. Gas chromatograms of the saturate fractions from the best source facies show the same characteristics noted for the low- wax oils. Samples with lower source potential in contrast contain relatively abundant waxy n- alkanes. Methylphenan- threne Indices and biomarker maturation indicators obtained from the oils show the same values as were measured on sediment samples from the Murta. Hence the oils could not have been derived from deeper, more mature source rocks. The distribution of biomarkers in the low- wax oils is also consistent with an origin from the Murta Member. A corresponding source facies for the high- wax oils has not yet been located. However, chemical maturation indices also suggest a source in the Murta Member or in immediately adjacent strata.The unusual circumstances represented by the Murta oils (low maturity, low- wax terrestrial oils) provide evidence for bacterial contribution to the source material for non- marine oils. Both the low- wax oils and the best source facies contain abundant hydrocarbons derived from bacterial precursors. This bacterial organic matter appears to yield hydrocarbons at an earlier stage of maturation than the predominantly terrestrial plant and algal organic matter with which it is associated. In the case of the Murta Member there are sufficient hydrocarbons generated at relatively low maturity to allow migration to occur. Chemical evidence suggests a low contribution from algal organic matter to the generated hydrocarbons.
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Mavromatidis, Angelos, and Richard Hillis. "Quantification of exhumation in the Eromanga Basin and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration." Petroleum Geoscience 11, no. 1 (January 2005): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1354-079304-621.
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Sajjadi, Freshteh, and Geoffrey Playford. "New epithets for two Upper Jurassic miospore species from the Eromanga Basin, Queensland." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 27, no. 2 (January 2003): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510308619556.
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Molnar, Ralph E. "New morphological information about Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs from the Eromanga Basin, Queensland, Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 35, no. 2 (June 2011): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2011.533978.
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Borazjani, S., D. Kulikowski, K. Amrouch, and P. Bedrikovetsky. "Composition changes of hydrocarbons during secondary petroleum migration." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17127.
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We investigate secondary migration of hydrocarbons with significant composition difference between the source and oil pools in the Cooper-Eromanga Basin, Australia. The secondary migration period is significantly shorter than the time of the hydrocarbon pulse generation, so neither adsorption nor dispersion of components can explain the concentration difference. The filtration coefficients, obtained from oil compositions in source rock (Patchawarra Formation) and in the reservoir (Poolowanna Formation and Hutton Sandstone), monotonically increase as carbon number increases. The monotonicity takes place for heavy hydrocarbons (n > 10). Loss of monotonicity for light and intermediate hydrocarbons can be explained by their evaporation into the gas phase. The evaporation of light and intermediate hydrocarbons into the gas phase is supported by their concentrations in oil, which are higher in source rock than in trapped reservoir oil. The paper proposes deep bed filtration of hydrocarbons with component kinetic retention by the rock. Introduction of the component capture rate into the mass balance transport equation allows matching the concentration difference, and the tuned filtration coefficients are in the common range. The results suggest that deep bed filtration controls the final reservoir oil composition during secondary migration in the Cooper-Eromanga Basin petroleum system, which was not previously considered.
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Troup, Alison, and Sally Edwards. "Source rock characterisation of under-explored regions of Queensland." APPEA Journal 56, no. 2 (2016): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj15086.
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Historically, petroleum exploration in Queensland has focused on the Bowen-Surat and Cooper-Eromanga basins, with only cursory examination of other basins across the state. As part of the Queensland Industry Priorities Initiative, two projects (Round 1 and 2) were submitted to the Geological Survey of Queensland (GSQ) to examine the geochemical characteristics of potential petroleum source rocks throughout Queensland. The analysis conducted provides a better understanding of generative potential for petroleum, and predicts the timing, volume, composition, and physical state of hydrocarbons retained in and expelled from source rocks. It is an integral component to petroleum systems analysis used to identify the potential for undiscovered accumulations of petroleum from conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Of particular interest were the Georgina, Drummond, Eromanga, and Maryborough basins. Of these, the Georgina and Maryborough basins have known hydrocarbon shows identified through exploration drilling, though no commercial discoveries have yet been made. The Drummond Basin was targeted to identify a potential source for oil and gas shows encountered in drilling within the Galilee Basin. The Toolebuc Formation in the Eromanga Basin has been noted as having the potential for a shale oil play and this study is supporting further assessment to identify optimal areas for future exploration through predictive modelling. This report details the results from Round 1 of the study for samples taken from the Georgina Limestone and Scartwater, Ducabrook, Mount Hall, Toolebuc, and Maryborough formations, where limited analysis of source rock characteristics has historically been undertaken. Ninety-seven samples were chosen from nine wells and sent to Geos4 in Potsdam, Germany, for source rock analysis. All samples were screened for suitability of further analysis using Rock-Eval and TOC by LECO, with immature and organic-rich samples being preferentially selected for further testing. Screened samples were analysed using pyrolysis gas chromatography (n=27), thermovaporisation (n=23), bulk kinetics (n=5), compositional kinetics (n=4), late gas analysis (n=14), and biomarker and bulk isotope analysis (n=15). These results have been integrated with existing analyses to better understand the prospectivity of the under-explored basins of Queensland.
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Troup, Alison, and Behnam Talebi. "Adavale Basin petroleum plays." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18083.
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The Devonian Adavale Basin system is an under-explored, frontier petroleum basin in south-west Queensland. It has a confirmed petroleum system with production from the Gilmore gas field. The age, marine depositional environments and high carbonate content suggest the basin may have unconventional petroleum potential, and there has been renewed interest from industry in evaluating the basin. In support of this, the Queensland Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy has examined the source rock properties of the Bury Limestone and Log Creek Formation and has commissioned an update to the SEEBASE® interpretation of the region. Gas- to oil-mature source rocks are found in deep marine shales of the Log Creek Formation, with secondary potential in the shelfal Bury Limestone. The main known reservoir within the Adavale Basin is the Lissoy Sandstone, though sandstones found in other units may also have tight reservoir potential. These petroleum systems elements form several plays, including conventional clastic structural targets, carbonate plays, including possible reef targets, and salt plays associated with doming from the Boree Salt. Potential unconventional targets include tight sandstone, shale and limestone, with recent analysis of an organic-rich marl from the Bury Limestone indicating good retention properties. The overlying Cooper, Galilee and Eromanga basins also contain potential reservoirs for hydrocarbons generated in the Adavale Basin and Warrabin Trough.
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Sajjadi, Freshteh, and Geoffrey Playford. "Systematic and stratigraphic palynology of Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous strata of the Eromanga Basin, Queensland, Australia: Part Two." Palaeontographica Abteilung B 261, no. 4-6 (March 12, 2002): 99–165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/palb/261/2002/99.
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Sajjadi, Freshteh, and Geoffrey Playford. "Systematic and stratigraphic palynology of Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous strata of the Eromanga Basin, Queensland, Australia: Part One." Palaeontographica Abteilung B 261, no. 1-3 (March 12, 2002): 1–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/palb/261/2002/1.
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Tinapple, Bill. "Australian states and Northern Territory acreage update at APPEA 2011." APPEA Journal 51, no. 1 (2011): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10004.
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Bill’s presentation is on behalf of the NT, Queensland, NSW, Victoria, SA and WA. Some highlights are: • NT: 24 onshore exploration applications were received in 2010 (an increase of 50 % from 2009). About 479,100 sq km of the NT is now under application, including grassroots areas. • Queensland: In 2011, a variety of exploration opportunities are being offered in basins ranging in age from Precambrian to Cretaceous. Targets include conventional oil and gas as well as shale gas. • NSW: There are now more than 800 unallocated petroleum exploration blocks, including the Darling Basin, the Tamworth Moratorium area, and the Oaklands Basin Moratorium area. • Victoria: Acreage release is proposed for the onshore Otway Basin in 2011. • SA: The CO2010 acreage release, comprising three blocks in the Cooper and Eromanga basins, closed on 10 March 2011. • WA: To coincide with the APPEA Conference, acreage has been made available for bidding from the Canning Basin, Northern Carnarvon Basin, Officer Basin and Perth Basin.
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Edwards, B. "Eromanga Basin seismic stratigraphy and tectonic modelling – keys to exploration success in ATP 299P." Exploration Geophysics 22, no. 1 (March 1991): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg991117.
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Taylor, Geoffrey R. "Image analysis techniques for the interpretation of airphoto lineaments ‐ petroleum exploration, Eromanga Basin, Australia." Geocarto International 3, no. 3 (September 1988): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106048809354166.
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