Tesis sobre el tema "Épidémiologie des maladies respiratoires"
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Duclos, Philippe. "Etude épidémiologique et pathogénique de la myxomatose : cas particulier des formes respiratoires". Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10130.
Texto completoOurtirane, Kaci. "Relations entre symptômes d'affections respiratoires et paramètres d'environnement, et entre pollution atmosphérique et paramètres météorologiques". Paris 12, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA120024.
Texto completoFablet, Christelle. "Épidémiologie de la pathologie pulmonaire chez le porc en croissance : identification de facteurs de risque et perspectives pour la prévention". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S044.
Texto completoRespiratory diseases are a major health issue for pigs reared under confined conditions in intensive systems worldwide. Pneumonia and pleuritis are the two most frequent lung alterations. The aetiology of these diseases is complex and multifactorial. A better knowledge of the epidemiology of lung diseases is needed to implement adequate control strategies. The aim of the present work is to identify herd-factors associated with lung diseases, particularly pneumonia and pleuritis in slaughtered pigs from farrow-to-finish farms. Two preliminary observational studies were carried out to assess the relevance of different sampling methods to determine the infectious status of the pigs and to identify the category of pigs which must be sampled in a further analytical study. In a second step, a cross-sectional study was carried out in 143 herds to identify the risk factors for pneumonia and pleuritis. Infectious and noninfectious factors were founded to be associated with lung diseases. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, H1N1 subtype of swine influenza viruses are the major pathogens involved in pneumonia whereas Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the main agent associated with pleuritis. Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus acts on both types of lung lesions. Noninfectious factors related to management and husbandry practices, hygiene and housing conditions are also involved in pneumonia and pleuritis. All these results would be helpful to define appropriate herd health management programmes targeting the reduction of respiratory disease incidence
Assié, Sébastien. "Epidémiologie des troubles respiratoires des veaux non sevrés en système d'élevage allaitant". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10035.
Texto completoMoudiki, Pascale. "Profil épidémiologique des maladies allergiques en milieu tropical humide : étude rétrospective d'une consultation spécialisée à Abidjan sur 5 ans à propos de 387 cas". Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25211.
Texto completoValarcher, Jean-François. "Persistance in vivo et évolution génétique du virus respiratoire syncytial bovin". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10152.
Texto completoPoumarat, François. "Analyse antigénique des mycoplasmes des ruminants par des techniques immunoenzymatiques : application à la taxonomie et au diagnostic". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10065.
Texto completoPoumarat, François. "Epidémiologie de l'infection à Mycoplasma bovis chez les bovins en France". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO11739.
Texto completoBentayeb, Malek. "Effets de la pollution atmosphérique sur la santé respiratoire des personnes âgées". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066069.
Texto completoThe main objective of this thesis was to increase knowledge on the respiratory effects of air pollution in the elderly where few data are available. Specific objectives were: (1) To study the relationship between proximity air pollution and respiratory health in elderly (2) To study the relationship between indoor air pollution measured objectively (in French households and in European nursing homes) on respiratory health of elderly (3) to explore the hypothesis of higher susceptibility of the elderly to the effects of outdoor and indoor air pollution. Data from three epidemiological studies based on samples of a general population were used: the three cities study (3C) in the investigation of the effects of outdoor air pollution, the campaign of the French Observatory for Indoor Air Quality (OQAI) and "GERiatric study In Europe on health effects of air quality in nursing homes"(GERIE) to investigate effects of indoor air pollution. Our results are consistent with previous data and suggest that exposure to air pollution (outdoors and indoors), even at lower concentrations, could be significantly related to high prevalence of respiratory health outcomes among elderly more specifically symptoms suggestive of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) such as breathlessness, dyspnea, chronic cough and phlegm, and wheezes suggestive of asthma. The most consistent results were obtained for breathlessness and dyspnea. Some associations were more pronounced in older subjects, this support the hypothesis of greater susceptibility of elderly regarding exposure to air pollution
Nejjari, Chakib. "Aspects épidémiologiques du vieillissement de l'appareil respiratoire : facteurs de risque et impact sur l'autonomie et la mortalité du sujet âgé". Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28387.
Texto completoGonzales, Zilma. "Hospitalisations pour infections respiratoires liées à l'influenza chez les femmes enceintes au Québec de 2006 à 2009". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28873/28873.pdf.
Texto completoBenkouiten, Samir. "Les infections respiratoires aigües chez les pélerins du Hajj". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5042.
Texto completoAnnually, over two million Muslims from more than 180 countries gather in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to perform the pilgrimage to Mecca, also known as the "Hajj". Respiratory viruses, and especially influenza virus, are the most common cause of acute respiratory infection among pilgrims.We conducted a review to summarize the evidence related to the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in preventing the spread of respiratory infectious diseases during the Hajj. Overall, although hand hygiene compliance is high among pilgrims, face mask use and social distancing remain difficult challenges. Data about the effectiveness of these measures at the Hajj are limited, and results are contradictory, highlighting the need for future large-scale studies.In 2012 and 2013, we conducted for the first time a prospective longitudinal study of pilgrims, to determine the prevalence of viruses and bacteria potentially responsible for acute respiratory symptoms, before departing from France for the Hajj and before leaving Saudi Arabia. We thus demonstrated the acquisition of respiratory viruses, most notably rhinovirus, coronaviruses (other than MERS-CoV), and influenza viruses, by pilgrims during their stay in Saudi Arabia. None of the pilgrims was positive for MERS-CoV. Also, while vaccination coverage against pneumococcal infection is low among pilgrims, many of them have acquired Streptococcus pneumoniae
Wang, Wei. "Establishment of Highly Sensitive Monitoring System of Causative Agents in Acute Respiratory Infection in Children and Emergence of New Variants and of Epidemics in Shanghai, China". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077248.
Texto completoAcute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one persistent and Worldwide problem to public health and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In China, nearly 21 million cases occur every year [1]. Numerous viruses can cause ALRI, including respiratory syncitial virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus and coronavirus [2-12]. Since the outbreak of SARS in 2004 and the recent epidemics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in China [13-15] as well as in other countries of Southeast Asia, the transmission of zoonotic viruses from animals to human has become a big concern to public health because the increasing close contacts of animal-human and human-human would largely facilitate the reassortment and recombination of viruses to generate new viruses which could cross the species barrier. The introduction of new viruses to immune naïve population would cause epidemics or pandemics. Meanwhile, new viruses like human metapneumovirus, human coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1, and human bocavirus, were identified as the result of development of new molecular techniques. All these approaches have largely changed the etiological profile in ARI. To better react in case of epidemics, it is necessary to monitor the distribution and the genetic evolution of respiratory viruses. Sustained global surveillance project was required to improve the capacity in many developing countries to detect endemic, epidemic and newly emerging respiratory pathogens [16]. To set up such project, reliable and standardized diagnostic methods were requested. With sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the project could identify a wide variety of agents, to differentiate highly pathogenic viruses from less virulent seasonal respiratory viruses and to identify new emerging viruses. Meanwhile, the epidemiological and etiological profile of ARI should be thoroughly studied to describe the background and set up a baseline for epidemic alert. In 2006, the project "Surveillance and Investigation of Endemic Situations in South-East Asia (SISEA)" was implemented (http://www. Hku. Hk/respari/research_07. Htm), which supported my PhD work. Shanghai, as the biggest metropolis of China, is an important center for population migration and with distinct four seasons including very cold winter
Xing, Weijia. "Epibasket : un système d'information pour l'investigation épidémiologique en temps réel lors d'une épidémie de maladie infectieuse émergente". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066426.
Texto completoSacri, Anne-Sylvia. "Transmission des gastro entérites et infections respiratoires aiguës des enfants à leurs parents à domicile : étude des enfants en centre de garde de la Grande Région de Québec". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30706/30706.pdf.
Texto completoBillionnet, Cécile. "Pollution de l'air intérieur et santé respiratoire : prise en compte de la multi-pollution". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827664.
Texto completoGilca, Rodica. "Hospitalisations dues au virus respiratoire syncytial chez les jeunes enfants". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25994/25994.pdf.
Texto completoDubuque, Josée. "Épidémiologie des hospitalisations pour infections respiratoires". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25005/25005.pdf.
Texto completoChaine, Marina. "Étude cas-contrôle évaluant le rôle de la naissance par césarienne comme facteur de risque dans la survenue d'une bronchiolite à Virus Respiratoire Syncytial (VRS) sévère chez des nourrissons nés à Québec". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/27777/27777.pdf.
Texto completoSalameh, Pascale. "Troubles respiratoires chroniques non cancéreux et expositions aux pesticides : résultats d'études épidémiologiques au Liban". Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20929.
Texto completoRajatonirina, Soatiana Cathycia. "Epidémiologie des infections respiratoires à Madagascar". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0038.
Texto completoThe African continent is thought be burdened with a very heavy load of malaria. So, not surprisingly, acute respiratory infections and circulation of influenza viruses had received relatively little attention. My PhD work has been devoted to this specific field of the infectious diseases. With the support of the sentinel surveillance system, I was able to study the spread of influenza A (H1N1) pandemic through the country and also ask about its impact on the Malagasy mortality. But to better describe respiratory infections, I have carried out a prospective study in some hospital wards. The results of the first two years of the study are presented in this work although the study is not currently finished. However I have already been able to show the higher frequency of etiologic agents for which a vaccine is available and also the viral infection load in relation with a higher activity hospitalization for respiratory infections
Varraso, Raphaëlle. "Etude des facteurs nutritionnels dans les maladies respiratoires obstructives". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T007.
Texto completoRican, Stéphanie. "Géographie des affections respiratoires en France". Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100166.
Texto completoCauvin, Nathalie y Lionel Cauvin. "Les amyloïdoses et leurs localisations au bas-appareil respiratoire : à propos d'un cas". Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3059.
Texto completoSuprin, Philippe. "Les pleurésies purulentes de l'adulte : étude rétrospective de 61 cas". Angers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ANGE1008.
Texto completoViemari, Jean-Charles. "Noradrénaline, maturation et fonctionnement du réseau respiratoire central : Etude in vivo et in vitro chez le foetus et le nouveau-né de souris normales ou mutantes". Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22001.
Texto completoTentchev, Diana. "Le virus des ailes déformées chez l'abeille domestique Apis mellifera L. Et chez son ectoparasite Varroa destructor". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20199.
Texto completoVialard, Jacquemine. "Paratuberculose des ruminants : épidémiologie, diagnostic et prophylaxie". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10283.
Texto completoZewail, Reem. "Épidémiologie des maladies parasitaires chez les immigrants au Québec". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5482.
Texto completoFleury, Catherine. "Étude épidémiologique clinique et anatomo-pathologique du mélanome du cheval camarguais". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T270.
Texto completoJacques, Jérôme. "Etude épidémiologique, virologique et physiopathologique des infections respiratoires basses par les entérovirus en pédiatrie". Reims, 2008. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000862.pdf.
Texto completoEnteroviruses (EV) (Picornaviridae) are among the most common viruses infecting human beings worldwide. These viral agents are associated with a wide range of human pathologies, including upper respiratory but also lower respiratory tract infections resulting in bronchitis, pneumonia or bronchiolitis in adults or in infants. In the first study, we assessed the potential role of the respiratory picornaviruses as causative agents of bronchiolitis in 192 infants ≤36 months of age and hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis. The detection of common respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus A and B, parainfluenza virus I, II, III, and adenovirus) was performed using classical immunofluorescence antigens and cell culture detection assays in nasopharyngeal aspirates whereas the detection of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) rhinoviruses and enteroviruses was performed by molecular techniques. A potential causative virus was detected in 72. 5 % of the 192 study infants. RSV (30%), rhinovirus (21%), enterovirus (9%), influenza virus A (6%) and human metapneumovirus (4%) were the most frequent causative agents detected. Rhinoviruses or enteroviruses were detected as the only evidence of respiratory viral tract infection in 57 (30%) of 192 infants, whereas rhinovirus or enterovirus occurred in mixed viral infection detected in 25 (13%) of 192 study cases (30 vs. 13%, p<10-3). Our data suggest that respiratory picornaviruses are one of the leading etiological causes of bronchiolitis in French infants. In the second part our investigations, we analysed 252 EV-related infection cases (median age, 5. 1 years) diagnosed among 11,509 consecutive children visiting emergency departments within a 7-year period in the North of France. EV strains were isolated from nasopharyngeal samples by viral cell culture, identified by seroneutralization assay and genetically compared by partial amplification and sequencing of the VP1 gene. The respiratory syndromes (79 (31%) of 252 EV infections) appeared as the second more frequent EV induced pediatric pathologies after meningitis (111 (44%) of 252 cases) (44 vs. 31%, P<10-3), contributing to lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in 43 (54%) of 79 EV respiratory infection cases. Bronchiolitis was the most frequent EV induced LRTI (34 (43%) of 79 cases, P<10-3) occurring more often in infants aged 1-12 months (P=0. 0002) with spring-fall seasonality. Viruses ECHO 11, 6 and 13 were the more frequently identified respiratory strains (24, 13 and 11%, respectively). The VP1 gene phylogenetic analysis showed the concomitant or successive circulation of genetically distinct EV respiratory strains (species A or B) during the same month or annual epidemic period. Our findings indicated that respiratory tract infections accounted for appreciatively 30% of EV-induced paediatric pathologies, contributing to LRTIs in 54% of these cases. Moreover, the concomitant or successive circulation of genetically distinct EV strains indicated the possibility of paediatric repeated respiratory infections within the same epidemic season. To identify the mechanisms that can regulate the development of airway mucosa inflammation during EV respiratory lower tract infection, we investigated the production of chemokines by EV-infected bronchial epithelial cells. Cultures of primary human small airway epithelial cell (SAEC) were infected by wild-type respiratory EV strains, demonstrating a replicative and productive infection by Coxsackievirus B5 and Echovirus 30 strains. Exposure of SAEC to gamma interferon (INF-γ), in combination with Coxsackievirus B5 and Echovirus 30 infection, induced a significant increase in RANTES production that was synergistic with respect to that obtained by EV-infection or INF-γ treatment alone. We observed that the replicative infection of the SAEC by Coxsackievirus B5 and Echovirus 30 wild-type viruses induced dose and time-dependent increases in mRNA and protein secretion for RANTES, MCP-1 and IL-8. The protein secretion of these chemokines appeared to be significantly increased at 48 or 72 hours post-infection in cultures treated by low-doses of INF-γ comparatively to mock-infected cells (P<0. 001), and was correlated to the viral replication activity. SAEC-derived chemokines exhibited a strong chemotactic activity for normal human blood eosinophils. Furthermore, we observed an EV productive infection in eosinophils, which specifically released significant levels of RANTES and MCP-1, 24 hours post-infection. Therefore, the inflammatory process in EV-induced bronchiolitis appears to be triggered by the infection of epithelial cells and further amplified via mechanisms driven by INF-γ and by the secretion of eosinophil chemokines. Altogether, our findings suggest that EVs are a common cause of respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients, where they can induce the release of chemokines by bronchial epithelial cells, which may significantly contribute to the various histologic and inflammatory features of EV-induced airway disease
Verra, Fernando. "Contribution à l'étude des cils respiratoires au cours de bronchopathies chroniques". Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120057.
Texto completoGosme, Marie. "Modèlisation du développement spatio-temporel des maladies d’origine tellurique". Rennes, Agrocampus, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARA049.
Texto completoSoilborne diseases are difficult to control by fungicides or resistant cultivars ; they are characterized by processes and spatio-temporal scales that can be different from those of aerial pathogens. In particular, the dispersal processes of soiborne pathogens result in the appearance and persistence of strong spatial patterns, namely disease foci. Aggregation inflences both the temporal dynamics of diseases and their relation to crop losses thus making spatial pattern an important factor when assessing control methods. The objectives of this study were to understand and model the spatio-temporel develoment of soilborne epidemics in order to determine control strategies that may reduce disease risk through an effect on spatial pattern. To that end, two models were developed. The first one is spatially explicit and biologically realistic ; its parameters were measured for take-all disease of wheat. The model was tested with field data ; this showed that the model is precise but overestimates disease development. This test also provided possible avenues for improving the predictive ability of the model. The second model is simpler and more genetic ; it uses hierarchy theory in order to simulate disease spread across multiple spatial scales. Hypotheses concerning the behaviou of epidemics and the relationships between disease incidences at different spatial scales culd be tested using this model for example the effect of the host and inoculum spatial structures on disease dynamics and aggregation. In the case of take-all disease of wheat –for which we have demonstrated the importance of the spatial pattern of primary inoculum- the simulation results advocate for different sowing patterns according to the rank of consecutive wheat crops
Sixou, Michel. "Etude épidémiologique de la transmission d'Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans dans la parodontite aigue͏̈ juvénile". Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30227.
Texto completoPerez, Paul. "Epidémiologie des contaminations bactériennes liées à la transfusion de produits sanguins labiles". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28752.
Texto completoThis thesis illustrates the contribution of the epidemiologic approach to transfusion and haemovigilance, a public health surveillance system. Transfusion-refated bacterial contamination (TRBC) is the first cause of infection related to transfusion. Limitation of knowledge indicated the need for studies. The case-control study on TRBC within the haemovigilance network (Bacthem) was based on the inclusion of TRCB among all suspected cases notified in France during two years. TRBC was letal for 15 % of 41 cases, all related to Gram negative rods. Transfusion of platelet concentrates, and of red cells when the recipient had pancytopenia, were strongly associated with TRBC risk. Suggested determinants were recipient treatment by potent immunosuppressive drugs, LBP shelf-life and numerous previous donations in the donor. The study of diversion of the first 15 mL of whole-blood donation suggests that this collection procedure may reduce donation contamination rates from 2. 2 to 0. 6 %. Contamination determinants were the collecting blood bank, the donor's age above 35 and the lack of repetition of the cleaning stage of antisepsis. Results open avenues for research for preventing TRBC. Excluding the first millilitres and improving the phlebotomy site preparation may reduce donation contamination rates. Indicating low-risk LBP in high risk recipients should be considered. Integrating epidemiology should lead to improvements of the haemovigilance system
Casin, Isabelle. "Taxonomie et épidémiologie moléculaires des "Haemophilus" responsables d'infections humaines". Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA11A001.
Texto completoBonduelle, Olivia. "Etude multiparamétrique des mécanismes de la réponse immunitaire contre les infections virales des voies respiratoires et après vaccination". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066447.
Texto completoImmune protection against viral respiratory infections requires the induction of synchronized innate and adaptive immune responses. In this thesis, the role of various immune effectors acting in the early and late phases of the immune responses after infection and vaccination was studied. A murine model of vaccinia virus nasal infection allowed us to establish the pivotal role of myeloid dendritic cells expressing the CX3CR1 chemokine receptor in the initiation of specific T cell response. These results demonstrate the existence of an early coordination between innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, which is involved in the induction of a protective response. Data from two clinical studies were used to study various immune parameters after vaccination and infection with pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus and to model the induced responses. A multiparametric analysis of seven effectors of the adaptive immunity shows strong heterogeneity of vaccine-induced immune responses, depending on the residual anti-influenza response. A principal component analysis identifies five profiles of adaptive responses. In addition, a year after vaccination, specific immune memory has similar characteristics to the induced responses detected after a moderate viral infection. However, the quality and intensity of memory responses after pandemic vaccine are different from the one observed after a severe infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus. These results suggest that a balance between the different compartments of the cellular immune responses after vaccination or infection is essential for immune protection. This work opens up new ways in the correlates of vaccine efficacy and protection
Waldschmidt, Ingrid. "Effet de l’effort, l’entrainement et l’inflammation sur l’immunité innée des voies respiratoires profondes du Trotteur Français". Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2095.
Texto completoLower airway diseases are a common problem in sport and racing horses. Because the innate immunity plays an essential role in lung defense mechanisms against pathogens, we aimed to assess the effect of acute exercise, training and inflammation on pulmonary innate immune responses. In the first step of these PhD research, we evaluate an experimental model to assess equine pulmonary innate immune response which could be used in several conditions. Alveolar macrophages were isolated from broncho-alveolar lavages using an adhesion method and stimulated by TLR 2/6, 3 and 4 agonists. TLR are receptors able to recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns and to induce an immune response. Best conditions of alveolar macrophages stimulations were selected using PCR method. Evaluation of alveolar macrophages response to TLR ligands was performed by measurement of cytokine production in culture supernatants by ELISA. TLR relative expression was quantified by PCR. This experimental model was used in the second step of this work to evaluate the effect of strenuous exercise and training on respiratory innate immunity of horses. A longitudinal study was organized using eight young standardbred horses. Horses were trained and respiratory samplings were performed at different step of the protocol. Results of this study show a moderate effect of strenuous exercise and a negative and prolonged effect of training on alveolar macrophage response against viruses and bacteria. Effect of respiratory inflammation was assessed on owner horses presented at Cirale for respiratory affections. Pulmonary innate immunity was evaluated using the experimental model and compared between healthy horses and horses suffering of IAD and bacterial infection. Results show that alveolar macrophage response of IAD horses was not different from those of healthy horses. Alveolar macrophage response to TLR 4 stimulation was higher in bacterial infection group than in healthy group but the low number of horses included in each group need to take these results with caution. To conclude, this PhD research provides an experimental model to evaluate the ability of alveolar macrophages to recognize pathogens and initiate an immune response. The effect of strenuous exercise and training was assessed using this experimental model and show the negative impact of training on viral and bacterial immunity, which partly explain the high sensitivity of horses to respiratory affections during training periods. Molecular mechanisms involved in IAD stay unknown; complementary studies including higher number of horses should be required to complete these data
Desoutter, Denise. "Les pneumopathies des petits ruminants au Sénégal : étude séro-épidémiologique et biogéographique". Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120059.
Texto completoL'Hostis, Monique. "Babesia divergens en France : épidémiologie descriptive et analytique". Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON13515.
Texto completoSchémann, Jean-François. "Le trachome et la xérophtalmie en Afrique, deux maladies de société". Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR21003.
Texto completoRésults of trachoma and xerophtalmia surveys in Mali and neibouring countries between 1994 and 2002 are recorded. A brief natural history of the disease and its blinding and disabling consequences is given. A national mapping was performed in Mali, Burkina Faso and Sénégal. Trachoma diminishing in Senegal could be explained by better socio economic conditions. Hypothesis on the more severe blinding consequences of the disease in the southern humid regions are given. A risk factors study emphasises the role of hygiene and water supply. It confirm the effect of flies and domestic cleaneliness. The illness is strongly linked to a bad socio economic conditions and to a low educational level. For targeting places that need to be treated we tested a trachoma rapid assessment method that should not be used for zpidemiological purpose. Trichiasis surgery is one of the arm of the "SAFE" strategy fir preventing trachoma blindness. The Trabut method ; the reference technique in French speaking African countries, should become accessible to all and be offered at the closest level. Azithromycin distribution diminishes trachoma prevalence. Different strategies have been tested. At the Malian prevalence level, treating children and women is so effective as mass treatment. When prevalence will diminish the household targeted strategy will become less costly. Hygien and environment should imperatively be improved when antibiotic will be distributed. If not, a re-emergence of trachoma will be observed. This improvement is strongly linked to economic development and to women education. After describing xerophtalmia and its risk factors we report a mapping study performed in Mali and the results of a clinical and biological study carried out in the Dogon country. Effectiveness of vitamin A distribution during NIDs was demobnstrated by an intervention study in the same place. The diagnostic of xerophtalmia appeared to be associated with active trachoma
Rocchi, Steffi. "Relations entre profils microbiologiques de l'environnement intérieur et maladies respiratoires infectieuses et allergiques". Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA3008/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to study the microbiological composition of indoor environments to assessmicroorganisms, or profiles of microorganisms, related to the development of respiratory diseases, bycategory of patients (immunocompromised or allergie)Local studies, local study, FIQCS and TIARE, were conducted in immunocompromised patients dwellings (atrisk for invasive fungal infection) and in cystic fibrosis patients dwellings (at risk for bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis allergie). A national study (ELFE : Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance ) wasconducted too and analyzed 3,200 children' dwellings.The différent studies showed différent contamination levels in dwellings and demonstrated the importanceof environmental measures in the homes to prevent infectious and allergie risks
Pothier, Pierre. "Caractérisation de déterminants antigéniques de virus animaux : application à l'épidémiologie et au diagnostic". Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS017.
Texto completoCossi, Marie-Joëlle. "Charge des Accidents Vasculaires Cérébraux (AVC) à Cotonou (Bénin) : études originales sur l'épidémiologie, les connaissances, les expériences de la maladie et l'itinéraire thérapeutique des survivants d'AVC". Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/3df4652b-120e-4fb3-882e-33b24ea85df6/blobholder:0/2012LIMO310A.pdf.
Texto completoA series of three studies were conducted in an urban population of Cotonou (Benin) in order to collect relevant information of the epidemiology of stroke. The objective of the first study was to measure the prevalence of stroke, the objective of the second was to determine knowledge and perceptions of stroke and in the last study, the objective was to describe the experience and the therapeutic itinerary of stroke survivors. The studies was cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive and analytical and they helped achieved all the goals mentioned above. The prevalence study was conducted door-to-door, in a population of 15,155 individuals with a modified version of the WHO protocol for neurological disorders. The survey on the knowledge and perceptions of stroke was conducted on the previously mentioned population with a tool made from a review of the literature on the subject. The study on the experience of the disease was conducted with the EMIC on the population of 70 stroke survivors confirmed by the prevalence study. The prevalence of stroke was estimated at 4. 6/1,000 and remains higher than the prevalence reported for the region. Stroke is not well known by the people of Cotonou. Fourteen percent (14. 1%) know that the brain is the organ affected in case of stroke, 34. 5% were aware that hypertension is a risk factor for stroke and 34. 4% think that warning symptom of stroke is paralysis or hemiplegia. This result is not surprising when compared to other studies. The majority of these studies show a lack of awareness of stroke in populations of developed countries as well as in developing countries. Life after stroke is made of suffering among the survivors explained by disturbing physical and emotional symptoms. This observation made in all stroke survivors in general is exacerbated in the population of survivors of Cotonou, probably because of their youth, but also their lack of financial and moral resources to deal with the disease. The results of these studies reinforce ideas about the epidemic of cardiovascular disease announced in the coming decades. They must be the basis for the establishment of extensive research and action plan on stroke in Benin
Mazy, Benjamin. "La prise en charge de la maladie rare en cabinet de médecine générale". Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0410.
Texto completoTo introduce, the author defines rare disease and general medicine, then he raises the question of the roles of general practitioner, his difficulties and possible improvements in the care of rare diseases. Using a standard questionnaire, he directs 9 interviews of various professionals involved in the rare disease. He makes a qualitative analyse of each one and summarizes his results in the form of keywords. Then he regroupes the data subject by subject, releasing the most striking aspects or most frequently mentioned. The roles of general practitioner are mentioned in order of frequency: the organization of specifie local support around the patient, the orientation in care system, self-training in enconutered pathologies, communication with other actors in health, primary care, comprehensive care. . . The main obstacles to optimal care are lack of time, training and communication and the fear of mistake. The most cited way of improvement are better training dedicated to these diseases and better communication between health professionals; are also mentioned upgrading these cares who are more complex and public awareness. This thesis illustrates that the role of doctor, particularly in rare disease exceeds the simple fact of healing. This work is a collection of sbjectives intuitions relatively consensuals, which could possibly serve as a thought base about the management of rare diseases in general practice
Guyot, Jean. "Analyse, à petite échelle, de l’influence de l’environnement, de l’inoculum et de l’hôte sur la dynamique épidémique de la maladie sud-américaine des feuilles de l’hévéa (Microcyclus ulei) en milieu amazonien". École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0027.
Texto completoCourchamp, Franck. "Etude de l'épidémiologie du virus de l'immunodéficience féline dans les populations de chats domestiques (Felis catus)". Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10086.
Texto completoGénin, Emmanuelle. "Apport de la consanguinité pour l'étude du déterminisme génétique des maladies". Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066085.
Texto completoPierron, Denis. "Anthropologie moléculaire et épidémiologie : interaction entre haplogroupes et pathologies mitochondriales". Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13593.
Texto completoMarquet, Pierre. "Propriétés acoustiques et vibratoires du système ventilatoire chez l'homme". Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05CD02.
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