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Simon, Kai Artur. "BPR in the pharmaceutical industry /". Göteborg : Dept. of Informatics, Univ, 2003. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/archive/00002874/01/simon.pdf.
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Gebreeyesus, Mulu. "Essays on firm turnover, growth, and investment behavior in Ethiopian manufacturing /". Göteborg : Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law [Nationalekonomiska institutionen], Göteborg University, 2006. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/archive/00004827/01/Mulu%5Ffull.pdf.
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Linde-Rahr, Martin. "Household economics of agriculture and forestry in rural Vietnam /". Göteborg : Dept. of Economics [Nationalekonomiska institutionen], Univ, 2002. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/data/html/html/PDF/LindeRahrdissNEpdf.pdf.
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Granér, Mats. "Essays on trade and productivity : case studies of manufacturing in Chile and Kenya /". Göteborg : Dept. of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law (Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Handelshögsk.), 2002. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/data/html/html/PDF/GranerdissNE.pdf.
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Xavier, Sayonara Mariluza Tapparo. "Contratos EPC para empreendimentos hidrelétricos e seus stakeholders". Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/88177.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T06:18:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 232188.pdf: 282677 bytes, checksum: 6d4f77187a96e974a1c9466dfd714216 (MD5)
Devido às mudanças ocorridas a partir 1993 na legislação que rege o Setor de Energia Elétrica Brasileiro, abrindo o mercado para as empresas privadas, tem-se notado grandes alterações no que se refere ao modo de contratação para implantação de grandes empreendimentos nesse Setor. O presente trabalho visa o estudo de uma nova forma de contratação para empreendimentos de geração de energia elétrica, onde o empreendedor ou contratante transfere, via contrato, todos os riscos de engenharia e construção à contratada. A contratada fica responsável pela realização dos trabalhos de engenharia e projetos, fornecimentos de materiais e equipamentos permanentes e construção do empreendimento, assumindo os riscos inerentes dessas atividades, ou seja, nesse tipo de contrato, o preço é global e está contemplado o fornecimento integral. Essa forma de contratação é chamada de Contrato EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) Turn Key Lump Sum e nesse caso, o objeto da contratação é a entrega do empreendimento, pronto, acabado e operando. Esse trabalho compreende de uma pesquisa bibliográfica onde se procura descrever as características dessa forma de contratação e a identificação dos vários atores envolvidos no processo e partes interessadas, chamados de stakeholders, buscando com isso minimizar as dificuldades encontradas pelos gestores destes contratos.
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Jennings, Paul Anthony. "New applications of statistics within automotive EMC and pass-by noise". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343798.
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Schulte, Markus. "Industry, politics and trade discrimination in West Germany's European policy 1957-1963". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2855/.
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This thesis addresses the German position in the negotiations on the British proposal for a Europe-wide free trade area, on the acceleration of the tariff schedule of the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1960, the formation of EFTA, and the first British application for membership of the EEC. To do this it analyses the attitudes, interests and lobbying efforts of German industry, West Germany's European policy from 1957 to 1963 after the establishment of the EEC and industrial influence on the respective decisions by the Federal Government. The main focus is on the trade relations with Western European countries outside the EEC. Previous historiography has stressed the overriding German economic interest in and corresponding industrial pressures for avoiding trade discrimination by the EEC vis-a-vis the other European members of the OEEC/OECD. It has however failed to address the problem that, despite an alleged political consensus in line with these economic interests. Chancellor Adenauer was able to deliver a policy precluding the Europe-wide solution demanded by parliament, German business, and Ludwig Erhard, the Minister of Economics. It seems to suggest that this policy outcome was mainly a function of Adenauer's personal authority and his constitutional prerogatives as Chancellor. In order to address this central problem, the thesis examines industrial interests at the sectoral level. These are analysed on the basis of a quantitative study of sectoral foreign trade in manufactured products with the countries of EEC and EFTA respectively in the 1950s and 1960s. From other sources it examines the influence which German industry exerted on government policy towards European economic integration. This reveals that industrial interest at the sectoral level in fact gave rise to lobbying pressures for the policy outcome sought by Adenauer, to prevent the large Europe-wide free trade area and to prevent British accession to the EEC. The quantitative analysis shows that for those sectors in favour of the proposed free trade area and British accession the opportunity costs of the failure of these two projects were practically invisible. For sectors in decline and in structural difficulties, on the other hand, both these projects constituted a major threat. The EEC of the Six, however, offered them not only protection against competition from outside, but at the same time considerable export opportunities, particularly in the French and Italian markets. The intra-governmental power struggle over these issues is analysed first with regard to industrial pressure and second to the international framework and the respective constraints and opportunities it provided for domestic policy makers in West Germany. The eventual policy outcome is explained in three dimensions: first in terms of the particular structure of industrial interest and respective pressures; second an alliance between protectionist interests and the specific political agenda of the head of the executive; third in terms of opportunities for the Federal Chancellor arising from the interplay of policy and power at the international level. It is argued that this is a more convincing interpretation and more securely based on the historical evidence.
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Arancibia, Fischer Sebastían Ramón. "Análisis de índices de accidentabilidad en la construcción de proyectos EPCM para la minería: recomendaciones". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112315.
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Ingeniero CivilEste trabajo realiza un análisis de los índices de accidentabilidad presentados por contratistas de construcción, durante la ejecución de proyectos EPCM para la minería, a lo largo de un periodo de estudio de cinco años. Para contextualizar este análisis, se describe primero el proceso conducido por el contratista general a lo largo de un proyecto de este tipo y la influencia que tiene sobre el desempeño en seguridad durante su construcción. Así mismo, se presentan normativas aplicables, tanto nacional como internacionalmente, para definir los índices de accidentabilidad a utilizar en el estudio y sus relaciones. El análisis de los índices de accidentabilidad se realiza a través de la búsqueda de relaciones de dependencia con algunas características propias de los proyectos estudiados. Estas características incluyen ubicación geográfica, tanto por región como por país, el tipo de obras, la magnitud del proyecto en base a la cantidad de horas hombre empleadas y la condición de uso del terreno. Los resultados indican que el desempeño en seguridad durante la construcción de proyectos EPCM depende mayoritariamente de la ubicación geográfica de éstos. Esto, debido a las importantes diferencias observadas entre las cifras alcanzadas en distintas regiones y países, mostrando un desempeño bastante deficiente en lugares con alto desarrollo económico, en contraste al buen resultado en naciones en vías de desarrollo. Las cifras también evidencian que los índices disminuyen durante períodos de menor actividad económica y mayor desempleo, por el contrario la gran demanda de trabajadores es una de las causas más probables de los bajos desempeños en períodos de abundancia de proyectos. Finalmente se incluyen algunas recomendaciones, para mejorar el desempeño general en materia de seguridad y su diagnóstico, a través del diseño enfocado a la seguridad en construcción y en operación, la utilización de índices de desempeño positivo y otras.
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Bosserman, Carolyn Whitney. "An evaluation of the applicability of the EPA Organic Leachate Model to leaching of solvent and non-solvent wastes". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45970.
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The author evaluated the applicability of the Environmental Protection Agency's Organic Leachate Model to wastes containing organic solvents and other organic compounds ("non-solvents"), and determined that the model tends to overestimate the leaching of organic solvents and other organic compounds. Furthermore, when evaluated for its ability to predict leaching of organic compounds, the model was found to predict the leaching of organic solvent compounds with some accuracy, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.671 for this subset of the data. The model's ability to predict the leaching of non-solvent organic compounds, however, was found to be poor, yielding an R2 of 0.388 for this subset of the data. The
author also investigated the effect that organic solvents have on the leaching of other organic compounds in a waste and found that the presence of solvents increases the potential for leaching among the non-solvent compounds. This conclusion was drawn when the average
"leachability ratio", or the ratio of leachate concentration to waste concentration for non-solvent compounds in solvent-bearing waste was found to be nearly four times the average leachability ratio for non-solvent compounds in wastes that did not contain organic solvents. Finally, the author modified the Organic Leachate Model to account for the unique properties of organic solvents in an effort to improve the model's accuracy in predicting the leaching of solvents
and other compounds in solvent-bearing wastes. The results of this modelling effort produced an improvement in the predictive ability of the model for both solvents and non·solvents, yielding correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.678 for the subset of data represented by
organic solvents, and 0.431 for non-solvents) but the improvement was still not sufficient to justify applying the model to non-solvent compounds.Master of Science
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Abreu, Carlos Alexandre Camargo de. "Inter-relações das dimensões econômica e ambiental do modelo ECP-Triplo na indústria de óleo". Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/85065.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T15:02:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 197194.pdf: 2079833 bytes, checksum: 70442010ef6fe6737522308c8b8487eb (MD5)
O presente trabalho consiste no estabelecimento de inter-relações entre variáveis distintas, compostas por ações estratégicas e indicadores de desempenhos, que compõem as áreas econômicas e ambientais das empresas. A pesquisa utilizou como base os indicadores das dimensões econômica e ambiental do modelo Estrutura - Conduta - performance Triplo (ECP - Triplo), os quais tem como objetivo refletir as estratégias das companhias sob pressão de um determinado mercado, e seu conseqüente desempenho, dando um mesmo peso para os resultados econômicos e ambientais. Identificou-se uma série de posturas estratégicas e indicadores refletindo os desempenhos econômicos e ambientais, no conjunto de empresas pesquisadas, realizando um posterior cruzamento entre os dados ambientais e econômicos, ligando as condutas de dimensões contrárias, performances de esferas distintas e as relações cruzadas entre as condutas de um lado com indicadores de desempenho do outro. Os dados dos cruzamentos foram relacionados de duas formas, onde a primeira coloca como as ações estratégicas gerais, agrupadas por suas funções empresariais, ambientais e econômicas, e cada ação individualmente, estão se relacionando com a esfera contrária do modelo. Para tal, utilizou-se alguns índices que procuram refletir o grau de relação, classificados em abaixo, médio baixo, médio alto e alto. O segundo formato dos resultados, utiliza-se de gráficos, onde é correlacionado para cada empresa, os lados econômicos e ambientais, individual refletido permitindo ter uma noção do comportamento da indústria. As 9 empresas analisadas pertencem ao grupo das 30 maiores companhias de óleo & gás do mundo, mercado o qual a análise de sua estrutura também fez parte desta pesquisa.
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Jenshagen, Hanna y Sandra Andersson. "An analysis of the Sugar Industry and its global competitiveness : The case of Fiji". Thesis, Linnaeus University, Linnaeus School of Business and Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6042.
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The Sugar Industry in Fiji is facing a lot of problems. Since the Government of Fiji has not fulfilled their commitments to the European Union (EU), the EU has backed away from supporting the industry. The milling efficiency has been constantly declining since the mid 1980’s and farm productivities have not kept pace with the changing international market for sugar. To be able to obtain the economies of scale, the sugar production in Fiji has to increase with 75 % from the current level of production. A lot of towns in Fiji would be nothing without the Sugar Industry, and thousands of people are dependent on the industry for their sustenance. Due to this fact, it is certain that the loss of confidence in the industry, or any likely collapse, would imply disaster for Fiji as a whole. It will lead to serious implications on the economic, social and political stability of Fiji.
The overall aim of this thesis is to study the effects of the EU measures especially on the Sugar Industry in Fiji, to be able to understand to which extent the industry depends on the support from the EU. The aim is also to analyse and discuss different competition strategies on how Fiji can compete and be a part of the global market of sugar.
This research was made from a qualitative approach in order to gain a deeper understanding about the problem. Abduction made it possible to work parallel with different parts of the thesis. A combination of primary and secondary data gathering has been used, with the secondary data as a basis for building the empirical part of the thesis. The primary data was collected through in-depth interviews with people at different positions within the Sugar Industry in Fiji.
Fiji is dependent on the Sugar Industry and since there is no other obvious donor for Fiji today, and it is crucial that the industry gets support, the conclusion is that Fiji also is dependent on the support from the EU. Even though Fiji has the possibility to increase their competitiveness on the regional as well as on the international market, there is no need for Fiji to strive after the world market at the moment.
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Jarrell, Melissa L. "All the news that's fit to print? media reporting of environmental protection agency penalties assessed against the petroleum refining industry, 1997-2003". Scholar Commons, 2005. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2935.
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Although examination of the relationship between the media and crime has received considerable attention in the academic literature, only a few studies have examined news media coverage of environmental crimes. The present study examines print news media coverage of federal penalties assessed against the petroleum refining industry from 1997 to 2003. The Environmental Protection Agency initiated and/or settled 162 cases involving seventy-eight petroleum refining companies from 1997 to 2003. While a news search of the nations twenty-five largest newspapers produced seventy-four articles related to petroleum refining industry violations, only seventeen articles matched the EPA cases analyzed in the present study. The present study found that while there is a considerable amount of federal petroleum refining industry violations, only a few cases receive media attention.
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Mzyece, Dingayo. "An investigation into the implementation of the construction (design and management) regulations in the construction industry". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/558782.
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The European Union (EU), in 1992, issued the Temporary or Mobile Construction Sites (TMCS) Directive, which requires EU members to introduce specific law to improve health and safety (H&S) performance outcomes by placing specific duties on key stakeholders. This Directive led to the introduction of the first Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations in the UK construction industry on 31 March 1995 and since their introduction, the overall performance of construction H&S has improved gradually. However, despite this positive outlook, there are still significant concerns surrounding the implementation of the CDM Regulations, a subject on which empirical research has been very scanty. It is against such a background that this study investigates the practical implementation of the CDM Regulations and extends current knowledge and understanding, and develops a framework for appropriate remedial action by industry. The research method involved a thorough critical review of literature, semi-structured interviews, and two postal questionnaire surveys, using as research informants, practitioners with experience of the Designer, CDM Coordinator (CDM-C), and Principal Contractor (PC) roles under the CDM Regulations. Primary data were collected and analysed from in-depth interviews with six organisations purposively selected based on their construction design expertise and 122 questionnaires returned in total. The finding regarding lack of collaborative working amongst duty holders is a significant outcome of this study; a requirement expressed explicitly within the CDM Regulations, yet questionable in terms of its implementation. Further, the study reveals a number of statistically significant correlations between the extent of discharge of duties and their perceived degree of importance. However, the strength of the majority of these correlations is weak. In particular, the evidence indicates that 50% of the duties of the CDM-C are misaligned in terms of extent of discharge and perceived degree of importance, whereas 25% of the PC duties are also misaligned. This signals a lack of understanding regarding the importance of duties, towards achieving improved H&S management. Surprisingly, a comparison between extent of discharge of duties and their perceived degree of difficulty reveals that all the duties of the PC are statistically significant, meaning that the perceived degree of difficulty does not impede their extent of discharge. While 90% of the CDM-C duties are also statistically significant, again the same interpretation applies. Further, a consensus reached by Designers supports the view that CDM-Cs provide insufficient input throughout the planning and construction phase, raising doubt as to whether the duty holder is fit for purpose. Overall, the results confirm that interdependent working of duty holders is still a challenge, demonstrated by the Designer duty to ensure appointment of the CDM-C (Regulation 18(1)), the CDM-C duty to ensure Designers comply with their duties (Regulation 20(2)(c)), and the PC duty to liaise with the CDM-C and Designer (Regulation 22(1)(b)). Three recurring themes emerge from the results, that is: (i) collaboration, (ii) accountability and compliance, and (iii) facilitation, which in turn inform the remedial action framework comprising 13 remedial actions and 8 change drivers. Validation of the remedial action framework by 15 study participants reveals that, at least 10 remedial actions and 7 change drivers are considered likely to improve CDM implementation. The top three remedial actions are: (i) ensuring adequate arrangements for coordination of H&S measures; (ii) including provisions within the regulations specifying the stages for the appointment of duty holders; and (iii) amending the ACoP to provide guidance on determining what resources are adequate for a particular project. Whereas, the top three change drivers are: (i) management leadership; (ii) the proactive participation of duty holders; and (iii) training to equip duty holders with sufficient knowledge on provision of timely and adequate preconstruction information. Based on these outcomes, conclusions, recommendations, and further areas of research are drawn.
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Lundberg, Anna, Windy Nguyen y Esparza Claudia Lavadores. "The Internationalization Process of Fashion ECCs : A qualitative study investigating the use of exploitative and explorative dynamic capabilities when internationalizing a fashion ECC". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44016.
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Background The growth of global e-commerce along with technology and information adoption has driven the international expansions of retail firms. Even though e-commerce companies (ECCs) are changing the way businesses operate and generally have fewer physical barriers to new markets, they still face numerous challenges while internationalizing. Dynamic capabilities are found to have an impact on the internationalization process of ECCs, where exploitative and explorative dynamic capabilities will be the focus of this study. This topic is particularly relevant for the fashion industry since the industry has the characteristics of being highly dynamic, global and complex. Therefore, this paper will focus on the internationalization process of ECCs in the fashion industry. Purpose Due to limited research regarding the internationalization process of ECCs, the purpose of this study is to seek a deeper understanding concerning the internationalization process of fashion ECCs. In particular, in what way exploitative and explorative dynamic capabilities affect the internationalization process of fashion ECCs and how they use these capabilities. Method This is a qualitative study with an abductive research approach. Furthermore, the empirical data was collected from semi-structured in-depth interviews with six international fashion ECCs. Conclusion One main conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that all the ECCs use both exploitative and explorative dynamic capabilities in their internationalization, and hence, ambidexterity is achieved. Moreover, language, logistics and payment method are three major factors used in both activities and could be an explanation for how fashion ECCs use their exploitative and explorative dynamic capabilities when internationalizing.
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af, Burén Claës. "Piska eller morot? : En studie av möjligheter och hinder samt förslag på åtgärder till förändringar inom den svenska industrin i syfte att öka energieffektiviseringsarbetet". Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129509.
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Sverige är idag beroende av en säker tillgång till energi och att detta sker till konkurrenskraftiga priser. Trots att det finns både ny teknik och styrmedel för energieffektivisering så har inte den kostnadseffektiva energieffektiviseringspotentialen realiserats fullt ut. Industrin påverkas av ett antal styrmedel inom klimat- och energiområdet, som har relevans för energieffektiviseringar. Det handlar t.ex. om energi- och koldioxidskatter, utsläppshandelssystemet, elcertifikatsystem samt Programmet för energieffektivisering (PFE). Det råder idag en oenighet om styrmedel ska utformas som en morot eller piska för energieffektiviseringsarbetet. Detta examensarbete har tillkommit i syftet att undersöka styrmedel för att genomföra energieffektiviseringar inom den svenska industrin. Syftet är också att identifiera tänkbara möjligheter och hinder samt ge förslag på åtgärder till förändringar för att förbättra energieffektiviseringsarbetet. Examensarbetet sker också som en del av Kungliga Ingenjörsvetenskapsakademins (IVA) projekt ”Ett energieffektivt samhälle”. Undersökningen bygger på intervjuer med företrädare för företag, intresseorganisationer, myndigheter och andra oberoende aktörer med koppling till industrin. En litteraturstudie över nuvarande styrmedel och dess påverkan på den svenska industrin samt en internationell utblick har gjorts. Programmet för energieffektivisering (PFE), Energikartläggningscheckar (EKC), Miljöbalken, Ekodesign direktivet (ErP), Energi- och koldioxidskatter, Utsläppshandelsystemet (ETS) och Elcertifikatsystemet påverkar energieffektiviseringsarbetet inom industrin. Studien har visat att inget styrmedel har en total genomslagskraft på industrins aktörer. Frivilliga PFE med tydliga ekonomiska incitament och den tvingande ErP med krav på produkt och märkning anses vara ett bra och väl fungerande styrmedel. EKC kan förbättras med större incitament för de deltagande företagen. Miljöbalken kritiseras för tolkningsproblem och utdragna tillståndsprocesser. Industrins konkurrenskraft påverkas negativt av ökade skatter och ETS medan styrmedel som PFE och EKC har en positiv marknadspåverkan. Endast PFE och Miljöbalken har krav på att ett kontinuerligt energiarbete. Inget av de studerade styrmedlen är långsiktigt utformade, då det sker en kontinuerlig förändring av dessa genom antingen tolkning eller tillämpning. Bristfällig kunskap om energieffektiviseringar och den potential som finns för företaget att genomföra arbetet är ett stort hinder. En viktig drivkraft är därför att det finns ett tydligt informationsincitament där det klart framgår vinster med åtgärden dvs. att målet styr medlet. Resursbrister i organisationen, både vad gäller humankapital och av finansiell art, utgör hinder. Den främsta finansiella drivkraften för energieffektiviseringsinvesteringar är att det ger en avkastning på investeringen, vilket i längden bidrar till ett bättre resultat för företaget. Problem med differentierade regler och osäkerheten i att medverka i företagsöverskridande samarbeten är ett hinder. Möjligheten till att erhålla konkurrensfördelar, är den främsta drivkraften till ett utökat effektiviseringsarbete. Snedvridningar av konkurrensen och kortsiktig planering är hinder. En viktig drivkraft till energieffektiviseringslösningar inom energimarknaden är om det ger kostnadseffektiva lösningar för företaget och samhället i stort. Vad som är samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt är dock inte automatiskt företagsekonomiskt lönsamt. Myndigheter och företag behöver tillhandahålla klara och tydliga riktlinjer för energieffektiviseringar och uppföljning av arbetets genomförande samt redovisa vilka samhällsekonomiska och företagsekonomiska vinster som kan erhållas. Myndigheter måste ge stöd till samhällsviktiga investeringar och tillse att dessa inte påverkar konkurrenssituationen på marknaden. Långsiktighet, kostnadseffektivitet, teknikneutralitet samt att legitima aktörer deltar i processen är andra viktiga faktorer. Företag bör se till att den finansiella strukturen anpassas till att prioritera energieffektiviseringsarbetet. Industrin bör eftersträva ett kontinuerligt och långsiktighet effektiviseringsarbete genom att t.ex. lyfta fram nya nyckeltal samt att uppmuntra anställda att vara delaktiga i utvecklingsprocessen. Samarbeten, i form av samproduktion mellan universitet och högskolor, olika forskningsinstitutet, intresseorganisation och de enskilda företagen ska premieras för ökat kunskapsutbyte och minskade kostnader vad gäller effektiviseringsarbetet. Den svenska industrin påverkas således av ett antal styrmedel inom energiområdet. Hinder och drivkrafter kan indikera kravnivåer utifrån vilka konkreta åtgärder kan vidtas, som behövs för ett framgångsrikt energieffektiviseringsarbete. Viktigt blir att identifiera möjligheter och hinder samt att föreslå konkreta åtgärder till förändringar inom olika sektorer. Den centrala frågan i denna studie är om styrmedel ska vara utformat som en piska eller morot? Forskningen vad gäller energieffektiviseringar visar på att en kombination av frivilliga, tvingande och ekonomiska styrmedel behövs för en gynnsam utveckling. Aktörer med skilda intressen och förutsättningar kräver en mångfald av åtgärder som både lockar och om nödvändigt pushar aktörerna till energieffektiviseringsarbete. Respondenterna delar denna uppfattning men tillägger att om inte heterogeniteten bland aktörerna uppmärksammas fullt ut finns en fara att energieffektiviseringsarbetet missgynnas när industrin kan komma att utlokalisera till andra delar av världen för att undgå tvingande regler eller pålagor. Således kan följande slutsats dras av det anförda nämligen att den initiala frågan om styrmedel som ”piska eller morot” måste omformuleras till ett konstaterande. För ett effektivt energieffektiviseringsarbete måste både styrmedel i form av piska och morot kombineras och en bredare syn på begreppet energieffektivisering ske. Det viktiga är en anpassning och en väl avvägd kombination av styrmedel för att gynna både energieffektiviseringsarbetet, industrin och samhället i stort.Our nation is dependent on secure energy supply at competitive prices. Even though energy efficiency tools are available Sweden hasn’t achieved its full potential. The Swedish industry and its energy efficiency is affected by a number of instruments concerning climate and energy, such as energy- and carbon taxes, the European emission trading system (EU ETS) and the Swedish program for energy efficiency (PFE). Optional or obligatory, today there is a difference of opinion concerning the design of energy efficiency instruments. This paper focus on the research of energy efficiency instruments in the industry and to identify potential opportunities, obstacles and give recommendations of actions to improve the energy efficiency. This paper is a part of a project,”Ett energieffektivt samhälle”, initiated by the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (IVA). The research is based on interviews with industry related representatives of companies, associations, government agencies and other independent operators. PFE, EKC, the environmental code, ErP, energy- and carbon taxes, ETS and the Swedish system of electricity certificates, influences the energy efficiency work. None of these instruments have an overall impact on the industry. PFE and ErP are popular instruments but EKC has to improve to be an incentive for the industry. The environmental code is criticized for its interpretation and enforcement. Competitiveness is adversely affected by taxes and ETS in contrary to PFE and EKC. Continuously energy work is only required by PFE and the environmental code. Both authorities and companies have to provide clear guidelines, follow-ups and the gains to be obtained of the energy efficiency work. Authorities have to support critical investments and to avoid interfering with the competition on the market. Long-term planning, cost-effectiveness, technology neutrality and being a legitimate stakeholder is of vital importance. Companies have to provide the financial structure suited for energy efficiency work. They also have to apply a continuous and long-term efficiency work, for example by highlighting new ratios and to encourage employees to participate in the development process. Collaboration in the form of co-production between different universities, institutes, lobby-associations and companies have to be encouraged to improve knowledge exchange and reduced costs. The question is if energy efficiency instruments should be based on “the stick or carrot approach”? Research about energy efficiency shows, that a combination of voluntary, mandatory and economical instruments is absolutely necessary for a favourable development. Parts with different interests and qualifications demands a number of arrangements that both is a “stick and a carrot approach” to a necessary energy efficiency work. Many of the participants in the study underline the importance to address the heterogeneity of the parts otherwise it will disfavour the energy efficiency work when the industry moves abroad. Actually the following conclusion could be made, that the initial question about the “stick or carrot approach” must be put in a different way. About an effective energy efficiency work it’s absolutely necessary to create a combination of both “the stick and the carrot” approach and the wider look on the concept energy efficiency. It’s most important to have a very well done combination and harmonization of the instruments to support the energy efficiency work, the industry and the society at large.
Ett energieffektivt samhälle - delprojekt Industri
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Santos, Ricardo Ribeiro. "Environmental management as a business strategy: a longitudinal study in a textile company". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3540.
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The objective of this work is to evaluate, through the Environmental-SCP model, the strategies adopted by a Brazilian textile company. In this context, it shows a longitudinal analysis of environmental strategies adopted by the company for eleven years, from 1996 to 2006. The research was based on an environmental strategy evaluation model, called Environmental-SCP model, proposed by Abreu (2001). The model links environmental performance to the conducts of the companies exposed to the pressure of the industry in which they operate. Thus, it was identified the
environmental pressures, conducts and performance of the company in the last eleven years. Finally, this work presents the companyÂs strategic positioning, in the last eleven years, face to environmental questions. This strategic positioning is determined from the matrix that clusters companies depending
on their environmental behavior and industry structure pressure according to Environmental-SCP. The analyzed company is a large scale textile firm in Cearà state that maintains an environmental management system certified according to ISO 14001 since 2001. The data were collected through document analysis and structured interviews with employees. The data were organized in electronic
spreadsheets for qualitative and quantitative analysis. From this analysis, three stages of environmental strategy were identified in this period. The first stage management was unaware of environment-related pressures and merely adopted environmental conducts with the aim of acquiring
obligatory environmental license. In the second stage, the perception of external though as yet unthreatening pressures led to the implementation of an environmental management system. In the third stage, as response to increased environmental pressures threatening the companyÂs
competitiveness and in consideration to demands expressed by stakeholders, management adopted environmental conducts while making processes more efficient and created a competitive advantage. This study showed the companyÂs change from relative indifference to an environmentally responsible attitude harmonizing pollution prevention and increased process efficiency.O trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar, à luz do modelo ECP-Ambiental, as estratÃgias adotadas por uma empresa tÃxtil. Neste contexto, apresenta uma anÃlise longitudinal das estratÃgias ambientais adotadas por uma empresa tÃxtil ao longo de onze anos, compreendidos entre o perÃodo de 1996 a 2006. A pesquisa foi elaborada a partir do modelo de avaliaÃÃo da estratÃgia ambiental ECPAmbiental, proposto por Abreu (2001). Com base neste modelo, a partir das pressÃes da estrutura da indÃstria, a empresa reage adotando condutas ambientais que por sua vez, afetam sua performance ambiental. Dentro deste contexto, foram identificadas as pressÃes, condutas e performance ambiental da empresa e a partir desta, determinados os Ãndices e a evoluÃÃo da pressÃo, da conduta e da performance para os Ãltimos onze anos. Por fim, o trabalho apresenta o posicionamento estratÃgico adotado pela empresa, nos Ãltimos onze anos, frente Ãs questÃes ambientais. Este posicionamento estratÃgico à determinado a partir da matriz que relaciona a pressÃo da estrutura da indÃstria com a conduta ambiental, desenvolvida a partir do modelo ECP-Ambiental. A empresa objeto deste estudo à uma empresa tÃxtil de grande porte, que possui significativa representatividade na economia do Estado do Cearà e mantÃm um sistema de gestÃo ambiental certificado na norma ISO 14001 desde 2001. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de anÃlise documental e aplicaÃÃo de um instrumento de coleta de dados atravÃs de entrevistas com funcionÃrios da empresa. Os dados coletados foram tabulados em planilhas eletrÃnicas, nas quais foram realizadas anÃlises qualitativa e quantitativa. A partir destas anÃlises, constatou-se que a empresa ao longo desses onze anos, passou por trÃs estÃgios: o primeiro foi caracterizado pela nÃo percepÃÃo das pressÃes ambientais, desta forma a conduta ambiental adotada era voltada ao atendimento aos requisitos do licenciamento ambiental; o segundo foi aquele em que as pressÃes ambientais foram percebidas de forma a nÃo oferecer risco à competitividade da empresa, as condutas ambientais neste estÃgio estavam voltadas à implantaÃÃo de um sistema de gestÃo ambiental; o terceiro estÃgio foi caracterizado pela percepÃÃo por parte da empresa de uma pressÃo ambiental que oferecia risco à sua competitividade, como resposta a empresa adotou condutas ambientais que atendessem as necessidades das partes interessadas e melhorassem a eficiÃncia dos processos, de forma a gerar vantagem competitiva frente aos concorrentes. No tocante à estratÃgia ambiental, a pesquisa identificou uma evoluÃÃo do posicionamento estratÃgico, migrando de uma situaÃÃo de indiferenÃa frente Ãs questÃes ambientais, para uma atuaÃÃo responsÃvel, na qual aliou prevenÃÃo da poluiÃÃo à melhoria na eficiÃncia dos processos.
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Jaime-Riveron, Olaf. "THE PEOPLE OF STONE: A STUDY OF THE BASALT GROUND STONE INDUSTRY AT TRES ZAPOTES AND ITS ROLE IN THE EVOLUTION OF OLMEC AND EPI-OLMEC POLITICAL-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS". UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/21.
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This dissertation analyzes the basalt ground stone industry at the archaeological site of Tres Zapotes, Mexico. Artifacts and by-products were recovered in the excavations conducted by a University of Kentucky project directed by Christopher Pool. All contexts were examined, and the corpus of this study comprises the whole sequence of production, use, and discards of basalt such as by-products of manufacture, unfinished and finished tools, and discarded artifacts. In this opportunity was possible to study over time a change from the Early/Middle Formative period (Olmec occupation) a centralized and exclusionary political economic system to the Late/Terminal Formative period (Epi-Olmec occupation) when there was a corporate system. This work applied contemporary concepts in social sciences such as agency, practice theory, technological choice, and chaîne opératoire. The variation of raw materials over time was studied recoding physical characteristics and a sample of artifacts was analyzed with X-ray florescence in order to see variation in acquisition of rocks over time.
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Koudri, Ahmed. "Efficacite des entreprises publiques et dynamique industrielle en algerie". Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN11021.
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La restructuration des entreprises publiques industrielles (e. P. I. ) amorcee en 1980 par l'etat algerien vise a leur redonner efficacite et rentabilite et a redynamiser le secteur public industriel. Notre these se propose d'etudier l'efficacite des e. P. I. Pour la periode anterieure a la restructuration. L'etude des performances intrinseques des e. P. I. , au moyen d'indicateurs techniques, economiques et financiers, s'avere utile mais limitee. Il apparait necessaire d'examiner les resultats des e. P. I. En fonction des moyens qui leur avaient ete alloues et des objectifs qui leur etaient assignes par la politique d'industrialisation menee par l'etat. Cette analyse permet de nuancer le jugement d'ensemble negatif porte sur les performances des e. P. I. . Cette these se propose aussi d'analyser dans quelle mesure l'operation de restructuration et les differentes mesures d'accompagnement (introduction de mecanismes de regulation par le marche) peuvent imprimer une dynamique reelle et simultanee des e. P. I. Et du systeme productif algerienThe reorganization of industrial public enterprises (i. P. E. ) undertaken in 1980 by the algerian state tends to give them back profitability, efficiency and dynamics to the industrial public sector. Our thesis intends to study the i. P. E. 's efficiency before 1980. The study of the intrinsic performances of the i. P. E. , by means of technical, economic and financial indicators, proves useful but limited. Its seems necessary to examine the i. P. E. 's results according to the allocated devices and to the purposes which were assigned by the industrialization policy of the state. This analysis allows us to moderate the negative judgement carried on the i. P. E. 's performances. This thesis also intends to analyse to what extent the operation of reorganization and the measures resulting from this (introduction of mechanisms of market regulation) can impart a dynamics to the i. P. E. And at the same time to the algerian productive system
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Tröger, Ralph. "Supply Chain Event Management – Bedarf, Systemarchitektur und Nutzen aus Perspektive fokaler Unternehmen der Modeindustrie". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-155014.
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Supply Chain Event Management (SCEM) bezeichnet eine Teildisziplin des Supply Chain Management und ist für Unternehmen ein Ansatzpunkt, durch frühzeitige Reaktion auf kritische Ausnahmeereignisse in der Wertschöpfungskette Logistikleistung und -kosten zu optimieren.
Durch Rahmenbedingungen wie bspw. globale Logistikstrukturen, eine hohe Artikelvielfalt und volatile Geschäftsbeziehungen zählt die Modeindustrie zu den Branchen, die für kritische Störereignisse besonders anfällig ist. In diesem Sinne untersucht die vorliegende Dissertation nach einer Beleuchtung der wesentlichen Grundlagen zunächst, inwiefern es in der Modeindustrie tatsächlich einen Bedarf an SCEM-Systemen gibt.
Anknüpfend daran zeigt sie nach einer Darstellung bisheriger SCEM-Architekturkonzepte Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten für eine Systemarchitektur auf, die auf den Designprinzipien der Serviceorientierung beruht. In diesem Rahmen erfolgt u. a. auch die Identifikation SCEM-relevanter Business Services. Die Vorzüge einer serviceorientierten Gestaltung werden detailliert anhand der EPCIS (EPC Information Services)-Spezifikation illustriert.
Abgerundet wird die Arbeit durch eine Betrachtung der Nutzenpotenziale von SCEM-Systemen. Nach einer Darstellung von Ansätzen, welche zur Nutzenbestimmung infrage kommen, wird der Nutzen anhand eines Praxisbeispiels aufgezeigt und fließt zusammen mit den Ergebnissen einer Literaturrecherche in eine Konsolidierung von SCEM-Nutzeffekten. Hierbei wird auch beleuchtet, welche zusätzlichen Vorteile sich für Unternehmen durch eine serviceorientierte Architekturgestaltung bieten.
In der Schlussbetrachtung werden die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse der Arbeit zusammengefasst und in einem Ausblick sowohl beleuchtet, welche Relevanz die Ergebnisse der Arbeit für die Bewältigung künftiger Herausforderungen innehaben als auch welche Anknüpfungspunkte sich für anschließende Forschungsarbeiten ergeben.
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Guard, Misty Ann. "Business innovation and regulatory enforcement: case studies of the big box retail industry and enforcement of RCRA". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33940.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the following research question: how has enforcement of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) adapted to the Big Box business system innovation? Additionally, the study explored the possible nature of regulatory choke points that may emerge from the enforcement of RCRA in the Big Box retail system. This study used contingency theory to establish a foundation for analysis of the Big Box business system innovation through identification of structural elements, external influences, and their subsequent interactions associated with the Big Box retail system in terms of environmental compliance with the RCRA enforced by the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This research employed an embedded comparative case study design using the comparison of two Big Box firms, Walmart Stores, Inc. and Target Corporation, nationally and for the following states with opposing enforcement strategies: Arizona, Kentucky, Missouri, and Texas. The data used was obtained from third-party federal or firm-maintained sources.
Findings indicate Walmart adheres to the structural models developed using contingency theory principles and incurs more impacts from regulatory agencies due to the enforcement of RCRA. Furthermore, it was observed that inspections of the firms are not distributed throughout the organizational structural elements by all states. Additionally, the use of different enforcement strategies resulted in the emergence of regulatory choke points by Arizona, Kentucky, and Texas; however, Missouri appears to balance enforcement without causing a regulatory choke point.
This research has identified that the enforcement of RCRA has not universally adapted to the demands of the Big Box business system innovation. Agency implications, firm implications, directions for further research, and continued development of a regulatory choke point theory are discussed.
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GAIROLA, BIMAL. "ROLE OF PROCUREMENT ON FIRM PERFORMANCE IN LARGE EPC PROJECTS". Thesis, 2019. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/17273.
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Within engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) companies operating large engineering projects by means of their supply chains, procurement plays a key role in project execution. During project execution, deviations from desired performance in terms of time, cost and quality take place. Procurement can contribute considerably to such deviations as well as to reduce or possibly eliminate them. Based on a comprehensive literature review and the practical experience in the field of Procurement & Supply Chain, the article shows that companies use different ways, namely strategy modifications, process modifications and combined modifications, and implementation of various tools to deal with project deviations.
The aim of this study is to understand the role of procurement while dealing with various issues experienced during the execution of deliveries, and the proactive approach applied in order to control the deviations and improve delivery lead time using various tools.
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Wentzel, Colleen Bernadette. "Evaluating job satisfaction and job insecurity within an Engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) firm in South Africa". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/371.
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The construction industry is an important player in the economy of South Africa and therefore job satisfaction and existence of job insecurity of employees in this sector needs to be researched (Thwala & Monese 2008:2). This study comprises a literature review and an empirical study on job satisfaction and job insecurity and its prevalence in an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) company in South Africa. This study provides insight on whether employment status, that is, contract versus permanent, has any impact on levels of job satisfaction and job insecurity of construction employees. Quantitative research, using the survey method, was used for the empirical portion of the study. All employees of the EPC company were surveyed and included workers permanently employed as well as employees employed through labour brokers, that is those on contract. The EPC company in this study employs staff in various categories, such as section managers, engineers, project managers and site employees. The total population included 145 employees of whom 41 were permanent employees and 104 were employed through labour brokers. The response rate was 39 per cent.
Conclusions emanating from the research questions identified marginal differences in the reported levels of job satisfaction and job insecurity for both permanent and contract employees. Contract employees reported slightly higher job satisfaction and job insecurity levels when compared to permanently employed counterparts. The value of this study lies in the fact that no research has been conducted on job satisfaction and job insecurity and its prevalence in the EPC sector in South Africa. This study provided insight into whether employment status - contract versus permanent - had an impact on the reported levels of job satisfaction and job insecurity of employees at an EPC company.
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Chang, Yu-Jui y 張佑瑞. "Effects of the European Union EMC Directive on Taiwan's Electronic Industry". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76012890556843384002.
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碩士南華大學
歐洲研究所
102
The EU is the world's largest economy, as well as the possibility to continue to expand, and has always been concerned about global environmental security issues in environmental protection can be said that the EU has been playing the role of leader. EU regulations related to technical regulations and technical standards for many products, though mainly for its Member States, but in international trade, while the EU also requires its trading partners when the EU's export products meet the same standards that it may become an insurmountable technical barriers to trade. And all instructions issued by the European Union, its influence is huge, regardless of whether the EU Member States, as long as the exports to the EU would have to comply with all EU directives. EU regulations, January 1, 1996 onwards, all electrical and electronic products must pass EMC
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Wei, Kuo-Yang y 韋國揚. "A Case Study on the Growth Strategy of EMC / EMI Industry". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7je9z9.
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Chen, Chin-Chun y 陳景俊. "The Product-Mix Decisions for LCD and EPD Product in TFT LCD Industry". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55148319514478979035.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院工業工程與管理學程
100
The key component of E-book Reader Device is EPD product which is produced in TFT LCD industry. Since EPD product and FPL (Front plane Laminate) involve the original multi-generation, multi-stage, and multi-site environment, it is a complex production planning problem. Therefore, the product-mix decisions for EPD and LCD product and the capacity allocations for various generation plants become very important in the industry. Based on the complex environment and the EPD product’s particular properties, this thesis proposes three planning modules including requirement module, FPL production planning module, and TFT capacity allocation module. It is noted that the TFT capacity allocation module involves three subsystems for array, cell, and module processes. First, in the requirement module, we calculate the net demand at each stage and site in each period using related input data for other planning modules. Then, in the FPL production planning module, to fulfill the demand of module process, a linear programming model is proposed to obtain the releasing sizes and the inventory level with the objective of minimizing the inventory and shortage cost. Finally, according to information of net demand, inventory level, yield rates, related cost, margin, outsourcing vendor, cycle time, panel conversion rate between array and cell process, we construct a set of linear programming model for array, cell, and module processes in the TFT capacity allocation module. These models can obtain the optimal product-mix and the capacity allocation planning at each site in each planning period. In the array capacity allocation subsystem, the main purpose is to allocate the optimal production quantity of the EPD and LCD products for each site, and recommend outsourcing or self-production decisions as well as optimal product-mix at the same time. In the Cell capacity allocation subsystem, we provide a capacity-supporting mechanism for each generation plant with higher utilization by using capacity backup across each site. In the Module process capacity allocation subsystem, it can be provided the suggestions for the suitable purchasing quantity in order to meet the lowest machine investment cost. In addition, these capacity allocation module subsystems not only support the achievement of fulfilling demand and reducing inventory, but also meet the objective of all modules. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed models, we present a case and perform sensitivity analysis to investigate the effect on the optimal solution and set certain parameter values (such as capacity, outsourcing price) to do what-if analysis. Furthermore, we use the comparative advantage principle to explain the change of cell utilization by adjusting the outsourcing price of EPD and LCD products. The computational results reveal that the proposed models can be provided the product-mix decisions for LCD and EPD products and capacity allocation for each stage and site in each planning period in the TFT LCD industry environment.
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Mndzebele, Andile S. "An approach to risk management in the mining projects environment : a case study". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4826.
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M. Phil.Risk management comprises of risk identification, risk analysis, response planning, monitoring and action planning tasks that are carried out throughout the life cycle of a project in order to ensure that project objectives are met. Risk is a fact of life in all mining type projects. This research dissertation documents the risk management practices of an EPCM company involved in mining projects. Risk analysis techniques are discussed and the author goes deeper to examine what risk means to a project, and how the project team perceive, identify and quantify project risks. This dissertation uses a case study to focus on an EPCM firm‘s approach to risk management in the mining projects environment. This study aims to illustrate how the risks involved in a project have to be identified, controlled and managed. The purpose of this dissertation is therefore to act as an implementation risk management model for the case company and for use in a typical mining projects environment. Risk is an integral part of engineering projects, and it is necessary to manage the risks in order to ensure project success.
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Wu, Wen Wei y 吳文偉. "A Patent-Based Analysis of Technology Capability in the Electronic Paper Display (EPD) Industry". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81326228417793956650.
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Han, Taehwan. "A comparison of industrial policies between Japan and Korea the roles of MITI and EPB in heavy and automobile industries promotion /". 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/43463256.html.
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Tsai, Ming-Gang y 蔡明岡. "A Study on Key Success Factors of GaAs Industry in Taiwan－The Case of Epi-Wafer Manufacturers". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85362628797389636635.
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碩士國立交通大學
經營管理研究所
89
With the fast growth of wireless communication, GaAs IC suitable for microwave form a considerable market demand. By visiting companies, interviewing experts and collecting industry reports, applying Michael E. Porter’s 「Diamond model」 and 「Five competitive forces」 ,this paper idendified key success Factors of GaAs epi-wafer manufacturers in taiwan.Finally, this paper provide suggestions for the future direction of epi-wafer manufactures in taiwan.
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Shih-Chieh, Chen. "Mean Reversion in Industry Stock Price". 2003. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0009-0112200611335477.
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Chen, Jeifuu. "High-Tech Toy Industry's Value Chain Analysis for Ubiquitous Robots in Home Sensing Robotics Network - A Study on Future Personal Robotized Toy Industry in Taiwan". 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2807200702121000.
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"Intra-Industry Effects of Corporate Security Withdrawals". 2002. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0009-0112200611325234.
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Chih-Yu, Wang. "A Multilateral Analysis of Global Industry Competitions". 2003. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0009-0112200611334706.
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Yi-Chen, Hsu. "The Intra-Industry Effects of Revenue Surprises". 2004. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0009-0112200611344119.
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Chi, Yi-Chun. "Determinants of Securitization Activity In US banking industry". 2004. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-0707200413210400.
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Sheng-Peng, Wu. "Intra-industry information transfers associated with restructuring announcements". 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0009-2806200615444600.
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Chunda, Lee. "Broadband Wireless Access: Industry Analysis and Business Model". 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2507200612442200.
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Qu, Zhi Hao. "Endogenous Horizontal Mergers over the Industry Life Cycle". 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1308200712190200.
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Mamba, Richard Mfana. "An assessment of occupational health and safety in the informal car maintenance,welding and spraypainting industry in Mbabane". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/2045.
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Student Number : 0215978H -
MPh research report -
School of Public Health -
Faculty of Health SciencesThe study was conducted in the City of Mbabane and assessed Occupational Health and Safety in the informal car maintenance, welding and spray-painting industry. The objective of the study was to assess the risks workers are exposed to in the informal car maintenance, welding and spray-painting industry in Mbabane city in Swaziland. Data was collected by administration of a questionnaire to managers of the establishments and by personal observations of workers while on the job from walk through surveys that were conducted in the city. Seventy (70) workplaces were identified and sixty five (65) of them participated in the study, representing a response rate of 92.86%. There were twenty (20) workplaces doing car maintenance, twenty five (25) doing welding and twenty (20) doing spray painting. Fifty-three (53) The data was analysed using the EPI INFO software and results revealed that most workers in this sector were indeed at high risk of exposure to occupational health and safety problems. They worked under unfavourable conditions such as working in the open and subjected to adverse weather conditions, exposed to solvents, welding fumes and gases, strenuous work, improper postures, lifting heavy loads, exposed to spray painting aerosols and fumes and exposed to dust. The workers’ occupational health and safety was made worse by the fact that most of them did not have or use personal protective equipment. 90% of the workers were exposed to emissions while carrying out their jobs of spray painting and 10% of them were exposed to paint. All the workers that were doing spray painting were exposed to paint (95%) and solvents 5%). Although 75% of the workers, doing spray painting had some kind of personal protection provided however the usage rate was very low. In all the workplaces that were doing spray painting, there were no other existing control measures for protecting the workers from paint emissions 76% did not have any respiratory protection. However, only 33.3% of them were using the PPE provided and 66.7% were not using them. Therefore most of the workers were at risk of breathing in welding fumes and other welding related gases. This means 92 % of workers were at risk to welding fumes and gases. 68% of the workers did not have protection for the hands, only 32% had. Those workers that had hand protection (32%) had gloves with shorter cuffs and separate sleeves (12%). Others had leather gauntlet gloves with canvas or cuffs (20%). 75% of these workers who had PPE were not using them, only 25% did. Since most of the workers did not use hand protection, this means that their hands were not protected against heat, spatter, and radiation. Most of the workers (72%) did not wear eye protection when removing slag and that put them at risk of eye injuries. All welding operations were not done in a booth. This means that the workers and co-workers were at risk of exposure to welding gases and fumes. 48% of the workplaces had their surroundings with materials that could catch fire. 52% had their surroundings free from burnable material. Therefore almost half of the workplaces were at risk of catching fire. 76% of the working places had no fire extinguishers. Only 24% had fire extinguishers, but only two had been serviced accordingly. The workplaces were less prepared for outbreaks of fire. 68% of the workers took no precautions against burns; they had their sleeves rolled up and forearms without gloves or sleeves when carrying out their work. Only 32% of the workers took precautions against burns. 72% of the workers said that they did not know how to treat burns. Only 28% said they knew how to treat them. 72% of the workplaces did not have first aid kits. The means that they were not prepared for accident, only 28% had first aid kits. 71.4% of the work places had first aid kits without the necessary medicines, bandages, and equipment, only 28.6% had. This indicated a lack of preparedness for accidents on their part. A long-term strategy should be developed aimed at improving the occupational health and safety of the workers. Workers need to be empowered to perform their tasks safely. Workers and owners of informal industries should participate in the formulation of interventions aimed at improving occupational health and safety. The City Council should provide health and safety education and training to the Informal Sector.
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