Tesis sobre el tema "Environnement de travail favorable"
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Bouiri, Bouchra. "L'arbitrage électronique : "la mise en place d'un environnement favorable"". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0035.
Texto completoWe are moving quickly to a new environment characterized by global dematerialization and celerity. These features are not without effect. The world around us is changing with the advent of technology and the integration of electronic tools in all our activities. The Internet is becoming an indispensable tool to use and integrate in our business, including commercial activities. International trade gives more room to the electronic commerce. The development of the universal phenomenon of the Internet and the emergence of electronic commerce naturally provoke conflicts even to international extend. Faced with the impossibility of using state justice, the use of paperless settlement was necessary, which promotes the logical development of ODR including Electronic Arbitration. Nevertheless, the use of this resolution mode sometimes raises not only technical issues, but many legal ones as well. This is precisely due to the nature of the legal environment. Overcoming these issues through the establishment of an environment fitting the development of Electronic Arbitration is necessary. For sure, if Electronic Arbitration uses technical and legal environment, and though the process may appear complex at first sight, all legal and technical issues dealt with in this thesis are, however, overcome
Labbouz, Delphine. "Bâtiments tertiaires performants et comportements favorables à l’environnement : le rôle de variables psychosociales et du contexte organisationnel". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100116/document.
Texto completoThe building sector is the first energy consumer in France. The emergence of efficient buildings provides an incomplete response to this problem because users’ behaviors need be considered. Our aim is to define the role of psychosocial and organizational factors on employees’ investment for their company and for the environment. At work, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) are voluntarily adopted and contribute to the efficiency of the company. In continuation of the research on OCB, employees’ pro-environmental behaviors (PEB) can be viewed as OCB directed toward the environment (OCBE). In order to better understand their determinants, we conducted six studies including 889 undergraduate students and 592 employees, working in classic or exemplary buildings. We notice that employees who feel supported and fairly treated by their organization, will be more prone to adopt PEB and OCBE. This result encourages reinforcing organizational justice. Otherwise, environmental attitudes, values and habits moderate the effects of contextual factors on employees’ pro-environmental implication. In addition, self-determined environmental motivation at work has a positive effect on PEB and OCBE. Similarly, social norms have a positive influence on employees’ behaviors, especially when companies make a concrete but not overwhelming environmental policy. Finally, efficient buildings providing a comfortable working environment encourage employees to adopt PEB and OCBE. Based on our results, we propose recommendations to help building professionals and organizations to take better into account the occupants
Sardar, Shakir. "Organizational communication and employee’s deviant behavior : exploring underlying mechanisms and contextual factors in the Pakistani manufacturing industry". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/221212_SARDAR_607baico621z811audm684al_TH.pdf.
Texto completoCommunication researchers increasingly recognize the need to expand the field of organizational communication. One question is still valid: how does organizational communication impact employees' working attitudes and behavior? In addition to that organizational communication, researchers have neglected the underlying mechanism and contextual factors that might lead to one’s deviant behavior. This dissertation aims to answer these questions with qualitative and quantitative studies of employees working in the manufacturing industries of Pakistan. To do so, we have concluded our research in two parts. First, we interviewed professionals working in manufacturing industries to understand how much communication is essential and affects employees' working behavior. We succeeded in developing a strong ground that organizational communication has three dimensions, i.e., Adequacy of communication, communication channel, and communication relationship, which are responsible for influencing the employee’s working attitude, i.e., commitment and identification with the organization. This relationship can be supported moderately by the supportive work environment culture in the organization. If there is a misbalance in these relationships, it can create a hostile working attitude among employees. In the second stage, to generalize our qualitative findings, we have developed a hypothesized research model to test the relationship between organizational communication and employees’ deviant behavior by mediating the role of organizational commitment and organizational identification. We have also tested the moderating role of a supportive work environment in the relationship between
Fenart, Jean-Marc. "Integration d'un poste de travail dans un environnement reparti". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066163.
Texto completoFenart, Jean-Marc. "Intégration d'un poste de travail dans un environnement réparti". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604998c.
Texto completoMurillo, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude d'un environnement physiologique favorable à la biogenèse de peptides hémorphiniques : application au système nerveux central". La Rochelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LAROS212.
Texto completoHemorphins are cryptic bioactive peptides derived from chain hemoglobin proteolysis. Their biological presence has been often associated with particular physiological or pathological conditions, in particular in the central nervous system (CNS). These crypteins, qualified as true neuropeptides by some authors, have a significant effect on the memory and seem to be associated vascular anomalies related to neurodegenerative diseases and ageing. Many studies report the hemorphins presence in the CNS but the inactivation mechanisms and generation mechanisms are not well known. The results obtained suggested that hemorphins would be relatively stable in the brain compared to most of neuropeptides. Angiotensin conversion enzyme could play a major role in cerebral catabolism of hemorphins and would be mainly localized in microsomes and cellular cytosol. Our preliminary model of in vitro cerebral cellular hemoglobin proteolysis are inspired by erythrophagocytosis studies. Glia, astrocytes or microglial cells do not seem to be responsible for hemorphins or other peptides release resulting from hemoglobin degradation under our conditions. Nevertheless, modifications of microglia model are possible in order to check if this cellular type could not be at the origin of hemorphins in the CNS
Bélanger, Philippe. "Environnement psychosocial de travail, niveau socio-économique et tension artérielle". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23914/23914.pdf.
Texto completoCHOUVENC, BERTIN GISELE. "L'amiante : methode de prelevement dans l'atmosphere et nouvelles reglementations". Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STET6210.
Texto completoCantin, François. "Évaluation de la qualité lumineuse d'un environnement de travail éclairé naturellement". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25625/25625.pdf.
Texto completoThis research aims to develop a methodology for the assessment of daylight quality in individual office spaces. The proposed methodology is based on performance indicators related to illuminance, distribution (variability) , glare and directivity. The calculations are performed with the Radiance Lighting Simulation System for a South-West and a North-West oriented office located on the fifth floor of the Caisse de dépôt et placement (CDP) in Montreal. The daylight conditions of these offices are studied under a series of clear skies and an overcast sky. The selected indicators for the assessment of daylight quality are the vector/scalar illuminance ratio, the altitude of illuminance vector, the luminance difference index (LD index), the useful daylight illuminance (UDI) and the size of sunlight patches. The literature encourages the researcher to use advanced indicators like these in order to go beyond a simple study of horizontal illuminance and to deepen the analysis of luminous environment. The results allow a detailed performance assessment for each office. Furthermore, the analysis of the results underline the complementarity of the indicators, i.e., the necessity to compare them to adequately assess daylight quality. Finally, polar diagrams are used to synthesize the results. This graphical approach introduces a useful method to represent luminous ambiances.
Lima, Claudia Porto de. "Environnement de travail et satisfactions : une synthèse sur 23 entreprises brésiliennes". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H067.
Texto completoResults from the mainly anglo-saxon studies highlighted that the principal problem of the open offices
Trudel, Xavier. "Environnement psychosocial au travail et pression artérielle ambulatoire : une étude prospective". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25634.
Texto completoObjectives: 1. To measure the effect of repeated exposure to psychosocial work factors from the demand-control (DC) and ERI effort-reward imbalance (ERI) models on ABP over 5 years 2. To examine the independent and combined effect of DC and ERI on ABP 3. To examine the mediating effect of body mass index (BMI) in the association between ERI and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) over 5 years. 4. To examine the association between psychosocial work factors from the DC model and masked hypertension prevalence. Methods: The study population was composed of 2,300 white-collar workers. They were assessed three times during a 5-year period (Year 1, 3 and 5). At each time, psychosocial work factors were measured using validated scales. ABP was measured every 15 minutes during a working day. Results: Men who were always exposed to an active job had higher systolic and diastolic ABP increases (+2.7/+2.5 mmHg) and a higher cumulative incidence of hypertension (RR = 2.20, 95% C.I. 1.50–3.23), compared to never exposed men. In women, ERI exposure onset was associated with higher increases in systolic (+2.8 mmHg) and diastolic (+1.6 mmHg) ABP, compared to never exposed women. Men exposed to psychosocial work factors from the DC model had higher ABP compared to unexposed men, using contemporaneous exposure. However, the high strain/ABP association was not significant after adjustment for ERI. Men (+1.4/+1.4 mmHg) and women (+1.6/+1.3 mmHg) exposed to ERI had higher ABP, after adjustment for DC exposure. In the prospective analyses using ERI exposure over 3 years, BMI mediated the effect of ERI exposure onset, ERI chronic exposure and ABP, in women with baseline BMI ≥25 kg/m2. For men, being active exposure was associated with masked hypertension (Adjusted OR: 2.07, 95% CI 1.30-3.31). Conclusion: In the present study, repeated exposure to psychosocial work factors from the DC and ERI models was associated with significant increases in ABP and hypertension. DC and ERI models had independent effect on ABP. In women, repeated exposure to psychosocial work factors from the ERI model was indirectly associated with BP increases, via BMI increases while exposure to psychosocial work factors from the DC model was associated with masked hypertension, in men.
Denis-Jeanroy, Hélène. "La dynamique organisation-environnement : une analyse stratégique". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0008.
Texto completoThere is phenomena of interpermeability between an organization and its environment in order to understand this dynamics, the strategical analysis allows us to understand the power play which grows between actors in the organization and in the environment and which tends to maintain the organization identity when the environmental turbulence develops itself into uncertainty. The effect of the latter on the organization depends in fact on the interpretation of this turbulence by the different organizational actors. The first part defines the theoritical framework and explains the different research methodologies serving as basic material for the thesis. The second part deals with the environmental dynamics while the third part is concerned with the organizational dynamics: the choice of reactive or proactive strategies are in interaction with the power games inside the organization and outside, with its environment. The fourth part deals with certain reactive strategies, whose importance comes from their role as integrating devices: these are first, organizational design, second, organizational culture and third, technology. The relationship between these is best illustrated by the movement called "industrial democracy", of which one form is the "module", defined as a democratic culture, an open design and a sophisticated technology. Finally the problem of power and of mastering the environmental uncertainty is discussed, as well as the fundamental question of the conditions of the interpermeability between an organization and its environment
Denis, Hélène. "La Dynamique organisation-environnement une analyse stratégique /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604455q.
Texto completoComby, Jean-Baptiste. "Créer un climat favorable. Les enjeux liés aux changements climatiques : valorisation publique, médiatisation et appropriations au quotidien". Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020086.
Texto completoSegonds, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'intégration d'un environnement collaboratif en conception amont de produits". Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENAM0037.
Texto completoFew software tools are currently available to assist the early stages of mechanical product design (Mougenot, 2008), particularly as a collaborative structure to support the activity of project designers. Yet, almost 80% of the future expenses in the project are decided in these stages alone (Michaels and Wood, 1989). In this context, our research proposes a model as a basis to define a collaborative environment for the early stages of the design process, intended for deployment in businesses. Our research rests on an experimental protocol, based on interviews carried out on end users working within businesses. This approach allowed us to describe work in the early stages of the design process, in a variety of industrial domains, and to show that the development and optimization of a collaborative work environment dedicated to the early stages of design mainly relies on image-type Intermediate Representations (IRs). We show that identifying and digitizing these IRs are necessary prerequisites to define this work environment, and that some profession-specific constraints can also be supported by these IRs. The model that stems from this work allows us to formulate specifications to develop a software tool to assist the development of collaborative work environments, integrated in a PLM environment for mechanical design
Nicolas, Caroline. "Suicide : santé mentale et environnement organisationnel : dans quelle mesure peut-on prévenir un suicide dans une organisation ?" Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0014.
Texto completoSuicide is a multifactorial act, resulting from a number of risk factors over the life trajectory, within different domains of life and often have started during childhood. Representing 10500 deaths per year in France, and about 220 000 suicide attempts, suicide is a major public health problem (INSERM). Academic works in suicidology, report mental disorders as the most robust risk factor. Others are important risk factors, as personality traits and accumulation of difficulties in different life spheres. Several researchers have recently been interested in the link between suicide and work environment. Scientific literature is extensive concerning links between mental health and work, nevertheless rigorous researches on links between suicide and work environment are still needed, especially in France, where results from studies are sometimes incoherent with interpretations. The objective of the thesis is to explore differences observed between opinions and scientific conclusions in regards to the link between suicide and work environment. We formulated two research questions : can a negative work environment have a negative influence on mental health? Are work environment and/or work related-situations associated with a danger for mental health ? Three studies including two exploratory studies were conducted and based on semi-directive interviews. The first exploratory study consisted in an analysis of 23 salaries' discourses, from an industrial organization concerned by suicides and suicide attempts since 2010. The second exploratory study consisted in an analysis of 23 salaries' discourses, from a services organization, who were touched by two suicides in 2012. A third comparative study was conducted on the basis of semi-directive interviews, according to a psychological autopsy and life calendar methods. Semi-structured interview exploring love, family and professional spheres of life, past suicide attempts and mental health problems among 84 participants. A first group, 42 close relatives of people deceased by suicide, recounted the lives of the deceased person who was in employment at the time of death, was compared to a second group of 42 living participants, who also were in employment at the time of the study. Quantitatively (by ALCESTE) and qualitatively analyzed, data from both exploratory studies highlight common points shared by workers: a succession of reorganizations not well accepted, a high and growing workload, more and more urgencies interfering with daily- workload, the perceptions that the quality of their work is the best they could offer, the lack of autoncwiy, the lack of financial and symbolic gratitude, the perceptions of organisational injustice, a negative work climate (interpersonal conflicts, aggressions, threats, maybe moral harassment), the presence of work-family conflict, and the increase in psychological strain. Moreover, in the second study, physical or social isolations are described as associated with feelings of loneliness. Results of the comparative study, showed that significantly more mental health axis 1 disorders (especially mood and substances disorders) and an axis II disorder (especially Cluster C) are observed among participants deceased by suicide. As well, comorbidity and past suicide attempts are significantly more prevalent among participants deceased by suicide. No differences were observed between groups, concerning adversities in love relationships, family relations, social interactions and academic domain. However, living participants had significantly more adversities in professional domain over the life course and during the last five years. Conclusion According to our results, a work environment could have a negative impact on mental health. Some characteristics and work-related situations revealed in the two exploratory studies could be associated to a negative impact on mental health and psychological well-being. Nevertheless, concerning suicidal risk precisely, the comparative study shows that work adversities do not represent a robust or direct risk factor for suicide, but psychiatric disorders are. Furthermore, an analysis is proposed in conclusion to explore possible directions for a suicide prevention program in a work-related environment
Leclerc, Mélissa. "Organisation du travail et environnement psychosocial : une étude empirique dans une aluminerie québécoise". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24634/24634.pdf.
Texto completoGonzalez, Beltran Beatriz Adriana. "Support système pour le travail nomade dans un environnement de production coopérative Web". Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0002.
Texto completoLoghin, Gligor-Calin. "Observer un Environnement Numérique de Travail pour réguler les activités qui s'y déroulent". Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS579.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the observation of educational activities carried out in a digital workspace through the traces left by the activity of learners. Our problematic focuses on the possibility to observe the activities that take place in such an environment and on the dynamic adaptation of this observation during the pedagogical session. This study has led us to propose the FOPAM (Flexible Observation of Pedagogical Activities Model) model to set up a flexible observation process of pedagogical activities that allows to dynamically adapt and change the observation goals during the activity, a language and a multi-agent architecture for the implementation of our observation model. This model has been instantiated in "an observation workbench" enacted in real situations to support educational activities with students and teachers
Linet, Teddy Philippe Henri Jean. "Modélisation d'un environnement numérique de travail pour le 3e cycle en gynécologie obstétrique". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/SPElinet.pdf.
Texto completoEin-Eli, Eva. "Les violences au travail". Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100103.
Texto completoThis PhD study concerns sexual, emotional, physical and environmental violence in the workplace. Psychology research has identified that the factors that contribute to violence in the workplace are related to the individual, the organisation, to personality and changes in work conditions, while the law considers violence as the result of behaviours or attitudes described in the articles of the law. This study has three aims: a) to identify the different forms of violence in an organisational environment and classify them by frequency and perpetrator, b) to develop and validate a French scale of environmental harassment at work, and c) to identify the individual and organisational factors liable to predict environmental harassment at work.(a) 93% of the participants had experienced violence in the workplace, which can be divided into 4 groups: offences against physical integrity, violation of the dignity of a person, denigration of the person, denigration of work.(b) A scale of environmental harassment at work (EHET) was validated, with 4 dimensions: manipulation of the acoustic environment, manipulation of the work environment, manipulation of the personal environment, and manipulation of the private space.(c) Perceived organisational support and attachment to the workplace negatively correlate with the dimensions Manipulation of the acoustic environment, Manipulation of the work space and Manipulation of the work environment.This work shows that organisations would benefit from the work of environmental psychology in order to meet their obligation to prevent violence in the workplace
Eboule, Ep Aboa Alloua Corine. "Environnement psychosocial au travail et récidive d'événements coronariens : une étude prospective de six ans". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24661/24661.pdf.
Texto completoÉboulé, Épouse Aboa Alloua Corine. "Environnement psychosocial au travail et récidive d'évènements coronariens : un étude prospective de six ans". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19187.
Texto completoMorat, Philippe. "Une étude sur la base de la programmation algorithmique notation et environnement de travail /". S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00308504.
Texto completoGaoua, Nadia. "Étude de l’effet de l’exposition à un environnement chaud sur les fonctions cognitives chez l’homme". Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/178307572#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of exposure to a hot environment on cognitive performance. Methods: A series of four experiments were performed in an environmental chamber under both hot (HOT: 50°C, 30% RH) and control (CON: 24°C, 30% RH) conditions, with varied exposure times ranging from 15 minutes to 4h30min. Under different levels of thermal strain, subjects performed both simple and complex computerised cognitive tasks. Central (Tcore) and skin (Tskin) temperatures were continuously recorded. Subjective measures of thermal comfort and thermal sensation were also registered. During the forth study EEG was registered over the frontal lobe. Results: Hyperthermia had no impact upon reaction time and accuracy of responses of simple tasks, however, impulsivity increased during tasks that required sustaining attention over prolonged periods of time. Significant increases in Tcore beyond 38. 7oC were associated with impaired complex cognitive task performance. In addition, rapid and substantial variations in Tskin (≈3oC in 15min of exposure to HOT), independent of any change in Tcore, had a similar detrimental effect upon complex cognitive tasks. The elevation in theta and alpha power showed a higher cognitive load in HOT during simple tasks but not during the complex tasks. Discussion & conclusion: The results suggest that these reductions in complex cognitive performance with heat exposure originate from an additional cognitive load imposed by the thermal strain associated to the increase in Tcore or the alliesthesial Tskin variations; with both these factors acting as competing variables to the limited cognitive processes. EEG recordings confirm that attempts to reallocate additional cognitive resources to perform complex tasks are unavailable given the load imposed by passive hyperthermia
Zacharewicz, Grégory. "Un environnement G-DEVS / HLA : application à la modélisation et simulation distribuée de workflow". Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30053.
Texto completoThe researches of this thesis are divided in : - the proposition of conservative distributed simulation algorithms of models DEVS / G-DEVS, - the definition and the realization of a G-DEVS modeling and simulation (M&S) environment HLA compliant implementing the proposed algorithms, - the application of the environment in the M&S of Workflow. First, we introduced a G-DEVS distributed root coordinator component, including an algorithm of communication with the RTI HLA based on the mechanism of conservative synchronization and using positive Lookahead. Then, we proposed two original algorithms for the computation of Lookahead concerning the current state of a G-DEVS model. These algorithms, based on the analysis of the variation domain of the “lifetime” function of the model, increase the performances of the distributed simulation as the led experiments illustrate it. Based on these approaches, we developed a distributed G-DEVS / HLA M&S environment. This environment was integrated into an application of Workflow. The possibilities offered by the environment were illustrated by the study of company’s real cases of Workflow. Key words: DEVS, GDEVS, Distributed Simulation, Conservative Synchronization, Lookahead, HLA, HLA time Management, HLA FEDEP, Workflow
Mendoza, Chapa Sonia Guadalupe. "Gestion d'entités partagées dans un environnement de production coopérative Web". Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0087.
Texto completoThe lack of interoperability of groupware applications motivated us to study the feasability of using the Web to support collaborative work. The Web facilitates the development of groupware applications, but presents severa 1 drawbacks that make the information management problematic. This thesis proposes a groupware infrastructure offering an execution and development support to developers that is dedicated to the management of shared entities. This support provides solutions for effective collaboration and facilitates the development task by providing tools to manage the collaboration entities. Ln order to offer a set of generic and extensible services to the developers of groupware applications, we have used open implementation, aspect oriented programming, and design patterns. This research work has been validated by the design and the implementation of a main part of the PINAS platform whose goal is to design/develop supports dedicated to Web cooperative applications
Wailly, Jeanne-Marie. "Risques industriels, travail et environnement : contribution du droit de l'environnement à la protection de la santé au travail et ses conséquences sur l'entreprise polluante". Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0211.
Texto completoThis thesis objective is to review the situation, concerning the state of health at work at the beginning of the twenty-first century in France. The matter of the study is more particularly about the health of workers in companies but also about people who live near industrial plants. . . The emphasis is put on the methodology followed, which combines the contribution of law (work, social,. . . ), economy, history and sociology. . . This thesis demonstrates through time and space, the confrontation between health at work and environment. It also shows how the law and other elements have allowed a parallel and then a collaboration. Owever the gap is Hobvious at the end of the 19th Century (with the Industrial Revolution), and the environment law which appears approximatively a century later (in 1970, with the economical crisis). This thesis is illustrated from an empirical point of view by a study realised inside Dunkerque area, whose aim was identify the consequences of air pollution on individuals. The research was led so as to retranscribe as well as possible the feeling or the disorders experienced by the people pollued, and then to translate them, during the analysis on effects on health, and also on social economic effects
BLOCH, KARINE. "Contribution a l'etude des clusters de malformations : analyse d'un pic d'incidence d'anotie/microtie observe dans la region rhone-alpes en 1987 : travail realise dans le cadre de l'institut des genomutations". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M418.
Texto completoMalcurat, Olivier. "Spécification d'un environnement logiciel d'assistance au travail collaboratif dans le secteur de l'architecture et du B.T.P". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00101551.
Texto completoConception Assistée par Ordinateur). Ce projet a pour but d'analyser les pratiques de coopération lors de la
conception d'un projet architectural, puis de spécifier et développer un collecticiel à l'usage des acteurs du
projet. Cet outil est principalement destiné à les assister dans les activités coopératives de création de
documents. Nous pensons que ce type d'outil logiciel doit maintenant profiter à une large communauté de
professionnels du bâtiment, pour une utilisation quotidienne et dans le cadre de projets ordinaires.
C'est sur la première partie de ce projet, la spécification d'un outil informatique, que ce mémoire se penche. La
première partie informe le lecteur sur le contexte particulier de la production du cadre bâti. La deuxième partie
dresse un état de l'art d'abord des modèles de coopération pour les équipes d'ingénierie, puis de l'analyse des
collecticiels, et enfin, des collecticiels eux-mêmes. La troisième partie expose les résultats d'une expérimentation
menée avec trois étudiants en architecture sur un collecticiel généraliste ; nous en tirons des conséquences
concernant les exigences fonctionnelles d'un collecticiel adapté au contexte spécifique de la conception
collaborative. La quatrième et dernière partie formalise un modèle d'outil coopératif répondant à ces exigences
; enfin, une simulation de cette outil est donnée prenant appui sur une situation de projet réelle, l'aménagement
urbain accompagnant la première ligne de tramway à Nancy (France).
Fajardo, Flores Silvia. "Modélisation des interactions non visuelles dans un environnement de travail mathématique visuel et non visuel synchronisé". Paris 8, 2014. http://octaviana.fr/document/184982189#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completoThe students with blindness who study mathematics in an integrated environment face problems that go beyond the difficulty of the subject. The difference of content representation and supporting tools makes difficult the direct communication between people with and without blindness. The computer makes possible the synchronised representation of contents in multiple modalities, allowing direct communication between them. The objective of this work is to identify the characteristics of visual and non visual representation and the interactions that could be useful on an interface to support the teaching and learning process of algebra learning in an integrated environment. We have developed a prototype of a multimodal interface following the principles of user centered design, in which students and mathematics teachers with and without visual disability were involved during the process of development. The prototype allows writing contents using the computer and the braille keyboard ; active reading is possible through different levels of navigation in the semantic tree of the expression ; we also provide some auxiliary functions to facilitate resolution
Malcurat, Olivier. "Modélisation d'un environnement logiciel d'assistance au travail collaboratif dans le secteur de l'architecture et du BTP". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_MALCURAT_O.pdf.
Texto completoOur work aims to specify and develop a groupware for the professionals in the building trade. Our motivation is the following one: the easyness and cheapness of creating virtual communities thanks to internet technology. Today, actors in the building industry show their wishes to take advantage of this recent opportunity, to improve global quality of design and construction processes, and reduce financial losses caused by communication errors. The current situation shows a gap between available softwares and professional practices which don't really integrate these new tools. Then, rather than thinking that people don't suit these tools, we think that tools are not suitable for people. We assume that the main reason of this maladjustment is that classic groupwares neglect the complexity of social dimension and focus on technical problems such as distributed data, scalability, need for speed, security. Without denying the importance of these problems, we intentionally emphasize social, economic and cultural dimensions
Makiese, Ndoma Flavien. "Dynamique du marché du travail congolais en environnement de crise : une approche par l'informalité d'emplois segmentée". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0139.
Texto completoThis thesis analyses informal employment in the DRC under the assumption of a segmentation. We start with a description of the underlying conditions explaining the emergence, and then spread of informal jobs, which is mainly driven by a structural crisis and the destruction of formal employment in the DRC. The thesis then proposes to reject the uniqueness of the informal sector within the DRC labor market and analyzes its heterogeneity, based on the analyzes of Lautier (2004), Maloney (2004), Fields (2005) and Bacchetta et al. (2009).The thesis therefore highlights the relevance of combining the theories of informality and of segmentation to analyse informal employment in DRC, and applies this framework to two mutually enriching datasets: the 1-2-3 survey, which is quantitative, and qualitative data that we collected in the field and focused on a specific activity: an emerging market for second-hand equipment coming from Europe and called "bilokos" in DRC.The results from these two types of data allow to characterize what we call “the informality of segmented jobs”, a concept that we empirically apply with two levels of analysis: the Characteristics of the informal Activity (C.A.)., and the Profiles of the informal Entrepreneurs (P.E.). Mixed qualitative and quantitative methods allow us to characterize a segmentation in Informal Production Units along four types ranging from lower income to higher income
Reynes, Didier. "Allergies rencontrées chez les viticulteurs au cours du travail de la vigne et dans leur environnement". Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M051.
Texto completoLaniray, Pierre. "Identité professionnelle, environnement de travail et pratiques sociomatérielles : le cas des conducteurs de train à la SNCF". Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090070.
Texto completoDue to material evolutions (technical and technological), organizations are changing at a very fast pace. This phenomenon influences how workers thrive meaning from their activities. This dual issue has been adressed by two separate research streams : on the one hand, scholars have tried and understand identity construction within organizations (Alvesson et Willmott, 2002), on the other hand, more work is being published on the role of materiality in organizing (Orlikowski, 2007 ; Leonardi, 2011, 2012, 2013). In my research, I try to draw on both these research streams in order to study the relations between the professional identity of an occupational community and the materiality of its work environment, focusing on everyday practices. To do so, I fulfilled organizational ethnography amongst the occupational community of train drivers at SNCF. Empirical evidence shows the role of their professional identity in building their representations and use of artefacts present in the train cabin. This research also analyses the influence of evolving driving artefacts on train driver's identity by establishing parallel deskilling and job enrichment dynamics
Kenny, Sandra. "Environnement organisationnel, stress et état de santé des cadres supérieurs de la fonction publique du Canada". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23952.
Texto completoRanucci, Jean-Francis. "Intégration de démarches de veille stratégique dans la formation des enseignants : contribution à l’intégration des technologies de l’information et de la communication dans les pratiques des formateurs pour améliorer la qualité de la formation des enseignants". Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30040.
Texto completoCe travail s’inscrit dans un cadre socio-constructiviste et vise à identifier les conditions pour que des formateurs d’enseignants puissent s’engager de manière autonome dans l’utilisation des TIC au sein de leur pratique de formation. Selon la thèse proposée, cet engagement, favorisé par une intégration d’outils émanant d’une démarche de veille stratégique dans le développement des environnements numériques de travail (ENT), ne peut se faire que si les particularités de ces formateurs sont prises en compte. Les résultats montrent que la question de l’instrumentation est centrale et que l’intérêt des ENT que nous avons conçus réside dans le fait qu’ils permettent de médiatiser les interactions : en effet les formateurs peuvent assister les stagiaires dans leur parcours de formation et exercer un certain contrôle sur ce processus. Ces ENT sont ainsi considérés comme des instruments construits par les formateurs et participent à l’optimisation des parcours de formation des stagiaires
pillet, lauriane Epron Benoît. "Réorganisation des ressources et services documentaires en ligne du SCD de l'Université de Picardie Jules verne dossier d'aide à la décision /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque-numerique/document-2014.
Texto completoTexte intégral. Résumé en français et en anglais. Bibliogr. f. 49-51. Index.
MAGUIN, VERONIQUE. "La grossesse et son environnement toxique : etude d'un systeme de sante sur la region rhone-alpes". Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M288.
Texto completoSadoun, Amirouche. "Etude des fonctions exécutives chez le marmouset : effet du vieillissement dans un environnement semi-naturel". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30271.
Texto completoThis thesis allowed the acquisition of a corpus of important data validating a new animal model for the study of cognitive decline related to age, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). A set of behavioral tasks were performed by our animals on touchscreen in a semi-natural context. The results enabled us to understand and characterize the various deficits present in elderly subjects and to discover, through an algorithmic analysis method, the key periods in which they appear. The presence of early deficits underlines the interest of the model considering degenerative brain pathologies. In addition, the analysis of the morphometric data obtained by structural MRI revealed some anatomical abnormalities that may appear in the elderly. Likewise, the analysis of the audio recordings that we obtained during the behavioral sessions showed an influence of the sound environment and particularly of some vocalizations on cognitive performances. This result highlights the importance of conducting experiments in a semi-natural context as ours. It also emphasizes the importance of conducting this kind of approach and adapting it for a better understanding of the role of aging in social cognition. Thus, all of our work paves the way for a new interesting and promising issues for fundamental and clinical research
Lahlouh, Khaled. "Partir à la retraite ou occuper un emploi de transition : le rôle de l'ajustement personne-environnement de travail". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1050.
Texto completoPurpose : this study aims to explore the relationship between the different levels of person-environment fit and two types of retirement intention (i.e., full retirement and intention to hold a bridge employment). Design/ methodolgy / approach : a representative sample of 357 aged 50 and over employed in french private-sector completed a research survey. Hypotheses were tested by using structural equation models. Findings : the results showed that : the fit between older worker’s abilities and the demands of the job was related positively to the two kinds of intentions included in this study. The perception of values congruence at the profession level and the fit between needs and supplies at the organizational level were also positively and signficantly related to the intention to hold a bridge employment after being retired from career employment. Research limitations : there are several limitations to the study : the cross sectional design, the direction of personne-environment fit, the intentional nature of our dependant variable, the mediating role of attitudinal variables. Originality / value : expanding previous research studies, the research considers the complexity of preparation of retirement transition by exploring different types of retirement intentions and the P-E fit factors related to them
Lahlouh, Khaled. "Partir à la retraite ou occuper un emploi de transition : le rôle de l'ajustement personne-environnement de travail". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1050.
Texto completoPurpose : this study aims to explore the relationship between the different levels of person-environment fit and two types of retirement intention (i.e., full retirement and intention to hold a bridge employment). Design/ methodolgy / approach : a representative sample of 357 aged 50 and over employed in french private-sector completed a research survey. Hypotheses were tested by using structural equation models. Findings : the results showed that : the fit between older worker’s abilities and the demands of the job was related positively to the two kinds of intentions included in this study. The perception of values congruence at the profession level and the fit between needs and supplies at the organizational level were also positively and signficantly related to the intention to hold a bridge employment after being retired from career employment. Research limitations : there are several limitations to the study : the cross sectional design, the direction of personne-environment fit, the intentional nature of our dependant variable, the mediating role of attitudinal variables. Originality / value : expanding previous research studies, the research considers the complexity of preparation of retirement transition by exploring different types of retirement intentions and the P-E fit factors related to them
Loubère, Lucie. "Les environnements numériques de travail dans l'enseignement secondaire : étude d'un système représentationnel". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30048/document.
Texto completoThe integration of Information and Communication Technologies in Education (ICTEs) has often been described as a thorny endeavour. Digital Work Environments (DWE) can be considered as a particularly interesting ICTE tool because of their widespread and compulsory deployment in the French educational system. This study investigates how the DWE tool has integrated professional representations based on the theoretical approach of social representations. In a first phase, we base our analyses on the social discourses about ICTEs through three textual corpora, reflecting three different types of discourses (media, institutional, national consultation on digital education in 2015). We use a lexicometric approach in order to identify the transversal themes and the idiosyncrasies of these discourses. The second part of this study is based on a survey by questionnaires on 625 secondary education teachers of Toulouse academy. Here, the hierarchical evocation method is used to examine the content of professional representations on four objects: the DWE, the teaching profession, the notions of information and of communication. The structure analyses of the responses and the interrelations study between these objects show the peculiarity of the teachers' universes compared to the ones identified in the three social discourses. The complex system formed by the four objects allows us to observe that although the representations of the teaching profession and the DWE have few common contents, they share numerous elements with the representations of communication and of information. Finally, these results enlighten us on two larger tendencies on the way secondary teachers describe the investigated objects: one part of the population seem to systematically privilege functional elements whereas the other part of the population prefers to associate evaluative elements when relating to each one of these objects
Bellagamba, Gauthier. "Qualité de vie au travail et environnement organisationnel : études qualitatives et quantitatives sur les personnels en établissement de santé". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5028/document.
Texto completoAIM. These researches examined the association between quality of work life (QoWL) and organizational factors within health care workers. METHOD. Two studies by questionnaires and two studies by semi-structured interviews were conducted. Studies by questionnaires explored the professional psychosocial characteristics (JCQ), quality of life (SF-12) and psycho-organizational constraints (NWI-EO). The interviews focused on the work organization, the work environment, the interpersonal relationships and the influence of work on health. RESULTS. A total of 452 professionals participated in the studies by questionnaires and 36 professionals were interviewed. Professionals who lived a department relocation have presented an increase of job strain associated with social isolation and declared greater constraints concerning the lack of communication as well as team relationships. In our population, the other main factors associated with the degradation of psychosocial characteristics and quality of life are to work more than two weekends a month, to be regularly on call, to work in non-functional environments and to do not participate in regular meetings. CONCLUSION. These results call the hospital management to design more appropriate communication processes, to provide a good balance between professional and personal life as well as an ergonomic and functional environment
Pyun, Hae-Ok. "Les carrières nomades [motiles] constituent-elles une réponse face à un environnement en mutation? : Etude de cas sur les administrateurs territoriaux". Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020095.
Texto completoVoulgre, Emmanuelle. "Une approche systémique des TICE dans le système scolaire français : entre finalités prescrites, ressources et usages par les enseignants". Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL027.
Texto completoOur qualitative research is part of a thought of Sciences of Education. It is based on interviews with members of the school system and specifically the actors who use ENT, Digital Work Environment. Our analysis is mainly based on the model of Wallet, PADI. Our systemic and multi referenced theoretical framework addresses the notion of innovation, the long process of integrating ICT in teaching practices, the impacts of ICT in teacher professionality. ICT modify access to educational literature. The distance learning systems leads to rethink the traditional act of teaching more in line with the act of learning throughout life. The uses of ICT by learners in schools are far from those anticipated, expected, required. Yet many financial and human investments are implemented every year a little more. We therefore wanted to try to understand the reasons for these differences. Then, we questioned the educational collective projects built around ENT applications modules, whose purpose was to serve the teaching, differentiated instruction, an educational support, guidance and openness to dialogue
LORTHOIS, PELISSIER CATHERINE. "Enquete cas-temoins : sur les facteurs de risques professionnels et environnementaux pouvant induire des syndromes myelodysplasiques dans la region nord-pas-de-calais". Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M303.
Texto completoVanuls, Caroline. "Travail et environnement : regards sur une dynamique préventive et normative à la lumière de l'interdépendance des risques professionnels et environnementaux". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1048.
Texto completoCette étude s’inscrit autour du rapport travail/environnement à la lumière de l’interdépendance des risques. L’histoire des catastrophes industrielles montre qu’il n’existe pas de frontière entre les risques professionnels et environnementaux. Dans ce contexte, prend naissance la notion de risque mixte. Dans une société où les dangers se multiplient avec les progrès technologiques, a émergé une politique d’anticipation des risques. Les entreprises prennent conscience d’un rôle à jouer dans cette politique en tant qu’entités génératrices de risques industriels. Elles développent des démarches socialement responsables, connues sous le nom de Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise, destinées à concilier les intérêts économiques avec les droits fondamentaux de l’environnement et les droits fondamentaux des travailleurs. Reposant sur les piliers du développement durable, le caractère transversal de la RSE résonne avec la mixité des risques et apporte une réponse de nature globale. Dans le prolongement de cette nouvelle responsabilisation, les droits du travail et de l’environnement renforcent les obligations de sécurité de l’employeur et de l’exploitant. Sous le prisme de la prévention, les deux ensembles juridiques se rejoignent dans une démarche commune d’anticipation. Le droit du travail se saisit du risque environnemental et s’emploie à le maîtriser. Le droit de l’environnement est mis au service de la protection des travailleurs qui semblerait réceptive à la précaution en milieu professionnel. La convergence de l’esprit de protection animant ces deux droits ne conduirait-elle pas à l’émergence d’un droit commun à l’environnement et au travail : un droit du risque
Bressolle, Marie-Christine. "Modalités et stratégies de construction d'un environnement cognitif commun : le cas des contrôleurs de la navigation aérienne". Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20115.
Texto completoThis research is about the modernisation of the working position of En-Route air traffic controllers, who control a dynamic environment characterised by strong time pressure. It focuses on the mechanisms of construction of knowledge, which interlocutors suppose is shared in communication. Based on Sperber and Wilson's model of inferential communication (1989) associated with an interactionist orientation, the approach emphasizes non-verbal modes of intervention and variable participation levels. The results presented deal with three characteristics of communication : the components evoked by controllers on the traffic (content of verbal speech), the use of different interaction modes (verbal, non-verbal or indirect), as well as the addressed character of interventions. To begin with, it appears that controllers favour the use of combined modes to communicate certain information content. Last, and above all, they highlight communication strategies based on the production of addressed intervention on the one hand, or on the use of non-addressed information, on the other. These strategies can be interpreted as being evidence of a trade-off between the necessity of ensuring mutual understanding with respect to elements critical to traffic, and a coping with the time pressure. Nominal interaction sequences are then analysed to show how the use of indirect or non-verbal information allows, in some cases, the building of a common cognitive environment without resorting to verbal exchanges. The study of incident-sequences further confirms these earlier results. It indicates that comprehension is built on the grounds of several types of hypothesis relative to the teammate's knowledge or intentions. They also show that the use of resources from the environment might be, to a certain extent, likely to contribute to the recovery for controllers' misunderstandings. Different implications are discussed and in particular, reasons for studying control mechanisms acting on controllers' mutual understanding
Li, Qiang. "Modélisation et exploitation des traces d'interactions dans l'environnement de travail collaboratif". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935411.
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