Bibliografías temáticas / Environmental degradation – Psychological aspects

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Environmental degradation – Psychological aspects"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 12 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Environmental degradation – Psychological aspects"

Van Haaften, E. Heleen y Fons J. R. Van De Vijver. "Psychological Consequences of Environmental Degradation". Journal of Health Psychology 1, n.º 4 (octubre de 1996): 411–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135910539600100401.

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Canter, David, Kenneth H. Craik y Jennifer Brown. "Editorial: Psychological aspects of environmental risk". Journal of Environmental Psychology 5, n.º 1 (marzo de 1985): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(85)80035-9.

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Khrushch, Olena y Yuliya Karpiuk. "Psychological Aspects of Building Environmental Consciousness". Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 4, n.º 2 (30 de mayo de 2021): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.040209.

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This paper provides a theoretical analysis of environmental consciousness in terms of its defining features, structural dimensions and types. More specifically, it explores the correlation between the anthropocentric/ecocentric perspective and sustainable household practices and interactions with the natural world. Another focus is the underlying dimensions of environmental consciousness such as environmental sensitivity, sustainable consumption, environmental concern and commitment to act pro-environmentally. Ecological crisis is examined through the lens of spirituality, value orientations, attitudes, worldviews and environmental consciousness. Among the other issues addressed are effective environmental literacy programs through school-family partnership and the driving forces of pro-environmental behaviour.

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De Young, Raymond. "Some Psychological Aspects of Recycling". Environment and Behavior 18, n.º 4 (julio de 1986): 435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916586184001.

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DORONINA, Marina V., Svetlana N. SEMENKOVA y Vyacheslav I. TABURKIN. "Social and Psychological Aspects of Environmental Consciousness". Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, n.º 3 (11 de septiembre de 2018): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.9.3(27).17.

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This paper studies methodological ways of formation of sociopsychological aspects of environmental consciousness. To this end, environmental psychology is singled out as the most important sociological factor in the internal structure of environmental consciousness. To clarify this problem, the article conducts a methodological analysis of the subject of environmental psychology, studies its links with values, the information environmental field, the subjective relationship of a person with the natural world, the dependence of environmental psychology on everyday environmental consciousness and cognition. From these systemic positions the subject of environmental consciousness, its place and role in environmental consciousness and environmental culture as a whole is determined.

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Evison, Margaret. "Psychological aspects of surgery". Foundation Years 1, n.º 1 (agosto de 2005): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/s1744-1889(06)70003-2.

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Morgan, Kevin. "Psychological aspects of ageing". Women's Health Medicine 3, n.º 2 (marzo de 2006): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/wohm.2006.3.2.81.

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Tartaglia, Charles. "Psychological Aspects of Hospice Care". Hospice Journal, The 3, n.º 4 (15 de febrero de 1989): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j011v03n04_05.

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Kiyak, H. Asuman. "Psychological aspects of orthognathic surgery". Psychology & Health 8, n.º 2-3 (abril de 1993): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08870449308403179.

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Edge, M., M. Hayes, M. Mohammadian, N. S. Allen, T. S. Jewitt, K. Brems y K. Jones. "Aspects of poly(ethylene terephthalate) degradation for archival life and environmental degradation". Polymer Degradation and Stability 32, n.º 2 (enero de 1991): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(91)90047-u.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Environmental degradation – Psychological aspects"

Speldewinde, Peter Christiaan. "Ecosystem health : the relationship between dryland salinity and human health". University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0127.

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Australia is experiencing widespread ecosystem degradation, including dryland salinity, erosion and vegetation loss. Approximately 1 million hectares (5.5%) of the south-west agricultural zone of Western Australia is affected by dryland salinity and is predicted to rise to 5.4 million hectares by 2050. Such degradation is associated with many environmental outcomes that may impact on human health, including a decrease in primary productivity, an increase in the number of invasive species, a decrease in the number of large trees, overall decrease in biodiversity, and an increase in dust production. The resulting degradation affects not only farm production but also farm values. This study examines the effects of such severe and widespread environmental degradation on the physical and mental health of residents. Western Australia has an extensive medical record database which links individual health records for all hospital admissions, cancer cases, births and deaths. For the 15 diseases examined in this project, the study area of the south west of Western Australia (excluding the capital city of Perth) contained 1,570,985 morbidity records and 27,627 mortality records for the 15 diseases examined in a population of approximately 460,000. Environmental data were obtained from the Western Australian Department of Agriculture?s soil and landscape mapping database. A spatial Bayesian framework was used to examine associations between these disease and environmental variables. The Bayesian model detected the confounding variables of socio-economic status and proportion of the population identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. With the inclusion of these confounders in the model, associations were found between environmental degradation (including dryland salinity) and several diseases with known environmentally-mediated triggers, including asthma, ischaemic heart disease, suicide and depression. However, once records of individuals who had been diagnosed with coexistent depression were removed from the analysis, the effect of dryland salinity was no longer statistically detectable for asthma, ischaemic heart disease or suicide, although the effects of socio-economic status and size of the Aboriginal population remained. The spatial component of this study showed an association between land degradation and human health. These results indicated that such processes are driving the degree of psychological ill-health in these populations, although it remains uncertain whether this 4 is secondary to overall coexisting rural poverty or some other environmental mechanism. To further investigate this complex issue an instrument designed to measure mental health problems in rural communities was developed. Components of the survey included possible triggers for mental health, including environmental factors. The interview was administered in a pilot study through a telephone survey of a small number of farmers in South-Western Australia. Using logistic regression a significant association between the mental health of male farmers and dryland salinity was detected. However, the sample size of the survey was too small to detect any statistically significant associations between dryland salinity and the mental health of women. The results of this study indicate that dryland salinity, as with other examples of ecosystem degradation, is associated with an increased burden of human disease.

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Zoannou, Kali-Stella. "Aspects of degradation of monoethanolamine solutions during Co2 absorption". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/18346/.

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The most common technique for carbon dioxide removal from gaseous streams is amine scrubbing, a proven technology in the oil and gas industries. The use of this route in coal fired power plants is not fully understood and the likelihood of solvent degradation is high. Decreased absorption efficiency, undesirable byproducts, the environmental impact of their disposal and increased process costs are the main consequences. In this study, two experimental rigs were designed and commissioned to explore the effects of gas composition and temperature on monoethanolamine degradation. Analytical procedures to detect and quantify its major thermal and oxidative degradation products were also developed. It became apparent early on that solvent degradation, under actual plant conditions, is a slow phenomenon, thus, it was decided to focus on thermal degradation. The present study uniquely enabled the absorption/desorption behaviour of thermally degraded solvents to be evaluated. The major thermal degradation products were quantified. After 14 full absorption/stripping cycles at the presence of 16% oxygen and 15% carbon dioxide, significant concentrations of nitrites and nitrates were detected in the samples. Thermal degradation at 160 oC for 8 weeks reduced monoethanolamine concentration by almost 95%, as evidenced by the chemical analysis, but the remaining solvent retained 22% of its capacity to remove carbon dioxide. Therefore, although not fully quantified, the requirement for monoethanolamine make-up may not be quite as serious as initially believed. There is some evidence to support that the rate of thermal degradation was enhanced as carbon dioxide loading increased and a 20% higher MEA loss was determined in the samples with the rich initial molar loading. A range of degradation products were quantified that correspond to those cited in the literature. 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolidinone was indicated as the most stable MEA degradation product in the degraded samples at concentrations of up to 17% v/v.

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Johansson, Amanda. "Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields : physiological and psychological aspects". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Yrkes- och miljömedicin, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1886.

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This thesis aims to increase the knowledge on people with symptoms attributed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) by investigating the effects of EMF exposure and by additional description of the heterogeneous group of people reporting EMF-related symptoms. The effect of mobile phone (MP)-like radio frequency (RF) fields on symptoms, autonomic nervous system (ANS) parameters, short-term memory, and reaction time in persons with MP-related symptoms (MP participants) was investigated in a provocation study. A second provocation study investigated the effect of similar exposure on serum concentration of biomarkers in persons with atopic dermatitis. No effect of exposure was detected in either study. MP participants displayed changes in heart rate variability (HRV) during cognitive tests, but not during rest. This contrasts with earlier findings, participants with symptoms attributed to EMF sources in general (EHS participants) displayed an elevated sympathetic nervous system activity both during cognitive tests and during rest. Proposed differences between subgroups of persons with EMF-related symptoms with respect to symptoms, personality traits and stress were investigated in a questionnaire study. MP participants reported primarily symptoms from the head; EHS participants reported symptoms from many organ systems. Furthermore, EHS participants reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and exhaustion when compared with a reference group. MP participants reported higher levels of anxiety and exhaustion only. In a pilot study, 24-hour and short-term HRV were investigated in EHS participants, to examine whether the previously observed sympathovagal imbalance would still be present. There was a tendency toward increased parasympathetic activity compared with earlier recordings, and a reduction of symptoms. Twenty-four hour and short-term recordings were fairly similar for each participant; however, there were large between-subject differences. The results do not support the hypothesis of effects of MP-like RF exposure on symptoms, ANS activity, CFFT, cognitive function, or biomarkers. However, they do support the hypothesis that persons with different symptom attribution (MP and EHS) may differ also in ANS activity and psychological aspects.

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Groat, Linda N. "Psychological aspects of contextual compatibility in architecture : a study of environmental meaning". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1985. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847475/.

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The intent of this study is to investigate contextual compatibility in architecture from a psychological perspective. More specifically, the study examines contextual compatibility as an aspect of environmental meaning. Within the framework of this research, the term contextual compatibility is defined as the degree of fit between a new infill building and the immediately adjacent buildings within an urban or campus setting. As such, contextual compatibility is clearly a very specific and narrowly defined phenomenon: yet it nevertheless represents one of the most publicly debated and architecturaly significant manifestations of environmental meaning. For example, the emergence of increasing numbers of design review commissions, the often vociferous public debates on the appropriateness of particular design proposals, and the increasing willingness of architects to employ non-Modernist vocabularies all suggest the importance of contextual compatibility in people's experience of architecture. Because this study represents one of the first empirical investigations of contextual compatibility at the architectural scale, the research is focused on three of the most fundamental aspects of the topics: 1) what meaning does contextual compatibility have for people? 2) what kind of contextual design strategies are most consistently preferred? and 3) what types of physical features are most commonly seen as contributing to or detracting from contextual compatibility? In addition, a further goal of the research is to offer an account of the psychological processes that are implicit in these questions. These questions are considered in the light of three major sets of literatures 1) general discussions of environmental cognition and meaning in the psychological literature, 2) specific substantive research studies on contextual compatibility, primarily drawn from the environmental psychology literature, and 3) critical and theoretical analyses of design strategies for contextual fit, drawn from the architectural literature.

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Fincher, Cynthia Ellen. "Mental Status, Intellectual, and Mood States Associated with Environmental Illness Patients". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500843/.

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The purpose of the present study was to begin development of a psychological profile for environmentally ill patients. Existing psychiatric labels are unable to encompass these patients. Test scores were drawn from a pool of 89 patients whose environmental exposures were verified by the presence of toxins in the blood serum. A Mental Status Exam, a Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised screen, and the Profile of Mood States were administered. Results indicate a primary pattern which is significantly different from test norms consisting of fatigue, reduced mental functioning, and a lack of psychotic or personality disorder indicators. The reported symptoms of environmentally ill patients were objectively verified by current psychological test instruments. The need for a new diagnostic category for people who have been poisoned by environmental toxins is discussed.

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周剑津. "基于心理反应过程的消費者低碳消費行为的实证研究 = An empirical study on the influence of consumers' low carbon consumption behavior based on psychological reaction process". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/634.

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本研究以计划行为理论、态度情境行为理论、制度理论为基础，从社会心理学出发，对个体基于心理反应过程的低碳消费行为及其情境因素进行了研究。通过实证研究发现，低碳消费态度和低碳消费主观规范对低碳消费行为的影响是通过低碳消费意向实现的。低碳消费意向在低碳消费态度和低碳主观规范与低碳消费行为的关系构建中起到中介效应。结果表明，低碳消费态度和低碳消费主观规范均与低碳行为意向之间显著正相关，低碳行为意向和低碳消费行为之间显著正相关。低碳消费意向是低碳消费态度和低碳消费行为的部分中介，低碳消费意向还是低碳消费主观规范和低碳消费行为的完全中介。同时，本研究也发现便利条件对低碳消费意向和低碳消费行为之间的关系起正向调节作用。Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, Attitude-Context-Behavior Theory and Institutional Theory, this study explores low-carbon consumption behavior based on Psychological reaction process and its context factors from the perspective of social psychology.Empirical research shows that Low Carbon Consumption Attitudes(LCCA) and Low Carbon Consumption Subjective Norms(LCCSN) influence Low Carbon Consumption Behavior(LCCB) through Low Carbon Consumption Intention(LCCI). The results show that both LCCA and LCCSN have significant positive correlations with LCCI, and LCCI has significant positive correlations with LCCB. LCCI is partial mediation between LCCA and LCCB , LCCI is also complete mediation between LCCSN and LCCB. Meanwhile, this article infer that facilitating conditions have moderating effects which strengthen the positive relationship between LCCSN and LCCI.

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Berning, Amy Louise 1961. "ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES AND THEIR PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT AS A FUNCTION OF OCCUPATIONAL LEVEL". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276388.

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Howell, Desiree Pearl. "Evaluation of surfactants for the enhancement of PCB degradation". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20746.

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Lockart, Esther. "Memory Patterns: Differentiated between Environmental Sensitive Patients and Psychiatric Patients". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278534/.

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The purpose of the present study was to ascertain if environmentally sensitive patients would demonstrate different memory deficit patterns than psychiatric patients on objectively measurable memory tasks. One-hundred sixteen patients were surveyed; 56 environmentally sensitive patients were compared to 60 psychiatric patients. All subjects were administered a Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised screen, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised and the Harrell-Butler Comprehensive Neurocognitive Screen after history of head injury was ruled out. Results indicate a significantly different pattern of memory dysfunction between the environmental patients and the psychiatric patients, indicating two different etiologies. A screening device derived from the coefficients from a Canonical Analysis is proposed to distinguish between the two populations in the absence of blood serum levels of environmental toxins or poisons. The detrimental effects of misdiagnosis and the beneficial effects of accurate diagnosis of environmental illness are discussed.

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Morgan, Mary Helen. "Superfund communities and psychological stress : does a correlation exist between living in a superfundcommunity and high levels of psychological stress?" Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28760.

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Libros sobre el tema "Environmental degradation – Psychological aspects"

Sohair, Mehanna y Haggar Salah el-, eds. People and pollution: Cultural constructions and social action in Egypt. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2001.

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Nerb, Josef. Die Bewertung von Umweltschäden: Kognitive und emotionale Folgen von Medienmeldungen. Bern: H. Huber, 2000.

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K, Bose S. y Roy S. K, eds. Environmental degradation of metals. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001.

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Barbier, Edward. Agricultural pricing and environmental degradation. Washington, D.C. (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): Office of the Vice President, Development Economics, World Bank, 1992.

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Singh, Atar. Environmental degradation in flood prone areas. Jaipur, India: Pointer Publishers, 1991.

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Environmental degradation in industrial composites. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006.

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United Nations Environment Programme. GEF Coordination Office. Protecting the environment from land degradation. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP, 2005.

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Hafiz, M. Abdul. Environmental degradation and intra/interstate conflicts in Bangladesh. Zürich, Switzerland: Center for Security Studies and Conflict Research, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Zentrum, 1993.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Working Party on Economic and Environmental Policy Integration. The economics of environmental security: Introduction. Paris, France: OECD, 1999.

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Procópio, Argemiro. Amazônia: Ecologia e degradação social. São Paulo: Editora Alfa-Omega, 1992.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Environmental degradation – Psychological aspects"

Jungermann, Helmut. "Psychological Aspects of Scenarios". En Environmental Impact Assessment, Technology Assessment, and Risk Analysis, 325–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70634-9_13.

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Lenoir-Improta, Rafaella, Patrick Devine-Wright, José Q. Pinheiro y Petra Schweizer-Ries. "Energy Issues: Psychological Aspects". En Handbook of Environmental Psychology and Quality of Life Research, 543–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31416-7_30.

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Balabanova, Biljana. "General Aspects of Environmental Degradation vs. Technological Development Progression". En Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies, 1–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66135-9_1.

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Ghiglieri, Veronica y Paolo Calabresi. "Environmental Enrichment Repairs Structural and Functional Plasticity in the Hippocampus". En Neurobiological and Psychological Aspects of Brain Recovery, 55–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52067-4_3.

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Savin, Yu I., E. M. Vishenkova, E. M. Pasynkova y I. S. Khalikov. "Chemical-Analytical Control of Environmental Pollution by Warfare Agents and their Degradation Products". En Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons: Aspects, Problems and Solutions, 109–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8713-6_13.

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Nnamani, C. V., D. B. Adewale, H. O. Oselebe y C. J. Atkinson. "African Yam Bean the Choice for Climate Change Resilience: Need for Conservation and Policy". En African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 453–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_203.

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AbstractGlobal warming has emerged as a major challenge to development and human wellbeing in Sub-Saharan Africa in general and Nigeria in particular. Periodic incidents show that this challenge will continue and increase in impact on all aspects of natural resources – agriculture, ecosystems services, biodiversity depletion, environmental degradation and human health. Recognizing the enormous potential of underutilized plant genetic resources (PGRs) is crucial as sources of solutions to a number of these threatening challenges emanating from climate change (food and nutrition insecurity, genetic erosion, loss of agro-biodiversity, green job growth and income generation) cannot be over-emphasized. Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex. A. Rich) Harms., commonly known as African yam bean (AYB) belonging to the leguminous Fabaceae, is an underutilized PGR with rich portfolio which could serve as vital source of robust adaption and resilient germplasm for vulnerable local communities in Nigeria. Its substantial nutritional, environmental, cultural, social, medicinal, industrial and soil restorative potentials underpins its position as climate – smart species. Enhancing the potentials of African yam bean via robust innovative approaches for wider utilization through accelerated research, farmer seed exchanges, in-situ and ex-situ conservations, farmers selection, and policy programs such as seed sovereignty will accentuate its adaptation and used as resilient climate –smart species for the vulnerable groups in Nigeria to cushion impact of climate change.

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Mahmoud, Israa y Eugenio Morello. "Co-creation Pathway for Urban Nature-Based Solutions: Testing a Shared-Governance Approach in Three Cities and Nine Action Labs". En Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 259–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_17.

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AbstractNature-based solutions (NBS) implementation in urban contexts has proven outcoming multiple benefits to reverse the current trend of natural resources’ degradation adversely affecting biodiversity, human health, and wellbeing. Yet, the current urban-planning policy frameworks present a rigid structure to integrate NBS definitions, and their co-benefits to get mainstreamed and up scaled on a wider urban spatial dimension. In this research, we test a complete co-creation pathway that encourages decision-makers to embed citizen engagement methodologies as an approach to co-design and co-implement NBS in shared-governance processes aiming to increment the greening of urban spaces, towards more inclusive and climate resilient cities. On one hand, we assess a tendency to involve a multiplicity of stakeholders that collaborate to the establishment of an Urban Innovation Partnership (UIP) aiming at increasing the social awareness around NBS themes, and at the same time tackling both financial and governance aspects. On the other hand, the innovation embedded in NBS paves the way to combine a multi-scalar flexibility in implementation tools and place-based urban actions, hence resulting in widespread economic, environmental, and social impacts in place. The novelty in embedding the co-creation process in urban-planning practice lies in catalyzing resources towards the transposition of research into practice through policy and planning tools for local authorities and decision-makers. Three front-runner cities (Hamburg, London, and Milan) are under investigation as part of Clever Cities—a Horizon 2020 project—aiming at implementing NBS in diverse urban-regeneration processes, through nine up-running Urban Living Labs (ULLs). Grounded on a comparative analysis of these three cities, key characterization for NBS implementation framework could be categorized into: (1) current urban-planning greening strategies in each context, (2) specific environmental and societal challenges addressed, (3) different typologies and scales of NBS integration within urban morphologies, (4) specific governance process as response to co-design and co-implementation processes, and (5) availability of financial investment and main stakeholders. As research results, we emphasize using co-creation approach in urban planning to embed and upscale NBS in an inclusive shared-governance process, hence contributing to social awareness and acceptance. Meanwhile, spatial, and financial challenges could be majorly resolved using a multi-scalar approach to manage newly embedded urban-greening policies at the urban level. Lastly, the implementation scale of NBS with local communities requires a radical paradigmatic shift in societal, individual and administrative urban-planning practices.

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"2 THERMODYNAMIC ASPECTS OF METAL-SINGLE". En Environmental Degradation of Metals, 193–97. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482292244-23.

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"Mechanistic Aspects". En Environmental Degradation and Transformation of Organic Chemicals, 103–92. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420006773.ch3.

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Bolin, Bert. "Geophysical and Geochemical Aspects of Environmental Degradation". En Environmental Degradation and Institutional Responses, 7–59. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1574-0099(03)01006-4.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Environmental degradation – Psychological aspects"

Azarko, E. M. y I. V. Kupriyanov. "PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT STUDENT BEHAVIOR". En STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.31-37.

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The article provides an analysis of studies showing the need for a psychological approach of meaning building and meaning regulation in the formation of an integral worldview, environmental values and environmentally relevant behavior of agriculture students. In conclusion, recommendations with suggestions on the use of theoretical foundations and methodological techniques of meaning for teaching students of the agricultural sector are presented.

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Wensky, Tobias, Lutz Winkler y Jens Friedrichs. "Environmental Influences on Engine Performance Degradation". En ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22748.

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Environmental influences have an increasing effect on the performance degradation and durability of modern aircraft engines. The study provides information on environmental effects using in-flight engine data and results of engine overhauls performed at MTU Maintenance. According to these investigations global regions are classified into erosive and anthropogenic polluted areas. Both types of regional effects significantly degrade performance and engine durability. The investigation, which is based upon the in-flight data taken from Engine Trend Monitoring (ETM), provides one approach for the estimatation of environmental effects on aircraft engine performance degradation. The results of the monitored engines provide detailed information on the environmental effects atlocal airports. The Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) that has been measured under flight conditions is compared with a calculated EGT of a calibrated fully thermodynamic gas path engine model (MOPS). Therefore, the EGT also serves as an indicator for performance degradation, increase of specific fuel consumption and the need for on-wing maintenance actions. Further information provided by the engine shop visit data at MTU Maintenance allows for an estimation of environmental influences on durability and overhaul costs. The on-wing time of maintained shop visit data is compared with a model for on-wing time calculation, whereas variations in durability were observed and analyzed under the aspects of environmental influences. Depending on the variations, corrections were made by defining the factors contributing to the classifications of environmental effects. These corrective factors provide information on reduced durability and increased operating costs. The result of the ETM performance degradation analysis shows significant variations in engine performance degradation as a result of specific regional operation. The analyses of maintenance data as well as performance degradation measured by ETM show remarkable environmental effects on engine durability and an increase in maintenance costs.

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Ramos, Alfonso J. y Robert G. Bea. "Reliability Aspects of Corrosion in Oil Storage Tanks". En ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37386.

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Storage tanks are critical elements within oil facilities not because of their failure rate, but because of their critical function and the high environmental consequences when they fail. The presented analysis allows determining the probability of failure of storage tanks considering the most probable failure scenarios of this equipment. The utilized methodology considers the uncertainties associated with material degradation mechanism such as general corrosion, pitting and cracking induced by corrosion. The analytical formulations of the time dependant degradation of the isolated mechanisms and the system conformed by the conjunction of them are considered. Obtained results allow determining the contribution of the individual scenarios in the system reliability. Additionally, the probability of failure results and the maintenance cost are used to determine the optimum inspection time based on minimum costs criterion.

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Agazzani, A., A. F. Massardo y C. A. Frangopoulos. "Environmental Influence on the Thermoeconomic Optimization of a Combined Plant With NOx Abatement". En ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-286.

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Methods to analyze, improve and optimize thermal energy systems have to take into account not only energy (exergy) consumption and economic resources but also pollution and degradation of the environment. The term “environomics” implies a method which takes thermodynamic, economic and environmental aspects systematically into consideration for the analysis and optimization of energy systems. For optimization of energy systems, the environmental aspects are quantified and introduced into the objective function. In this particular work, the environomic approach is followed for the analysis and optimal design of a combined-cycle plant. In addition to the basic configuration, two alternatives for NOx abatement are studied: Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and steam injection. The optimization problem is solved for each configuration and the results are compared with each other. The effect of the unit pollution penalties and of the limits imposed by regulations is studied. Some general conclusions are drawn.

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Batyukhnova, O. G., A. E. Arustamov, M. Ojovan, S. A. Dmitriev, Z. Drace y N. A. Arustamova. "Training Activities and Perspectives in the Radioactive Waste Management Area of Moscow SIA “Radon”". En ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16131.

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The education service for specialists dealing with radioactive waste was established in Russia (former USSR) in 1983 and was based on the capabilities of two organisations: Moscow Scientific and Industrial Association «Radon» (SIA “Radon”) and Lomonosov’s Moscow State University. These two organizations are able jointly to offer training programs in the science fundamentals, applied research and in practical operational areas of the all pre-disposal activities of the radioactive waste management (RWM). Since 1997 this system was upgraded to the international level and now acts as the International Education Training Centre (IETC) at SIA “Radon” under the guidance of the IAEA. During last 12 years more than 350 specialists from 33 European and Asian countries enhanced their knowledge and skills in RWM. The IAEA supported many specialized regional training courses and workshops, fellowships, on-the-job training, and scientific visits which are additional means to assure development of personnel capabilities. Efficiency of training was analysed at IETC using the structural adaptation of educational process as well as factors, which have influence on education quality. In addition social-psychological aspects were also taken into account in assessing the overall efficiency. The analysis of the effect of individual factors and the efficiency of education activity were carried out based on appraisal results and post-course questioning of attendees.

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Soares Gomes Junior, Ricardo, Paulo Mauricio Videiro, Paulo de Tarso Themistocles Esperança y Luis Volnei Sudati Sagrilo. "Reliability Analysis of Mooring Lines of Floating Structures Under Corrosion and Material Degradation". En ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18306.

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Abstract This paper presents a procedure for reliability analysis of mooring lines of floating units for oil and gas production considering corrosion and material degradation over time. The proposed procedure is limited to the ultimate limit state (ULS) and considers mooring lines made up of chain and polyester rope segments, although the same methodology can be applied to cases with steel wire segments. The proposed procedure can also be applied for mooring lines connected to any other type of floating offshore structure. For reliability assessments, it is necessary to consider the distributions and the probabilistic aspects of the random variables involved in the process. The weakest link system is used to model the strength of a mooring line segment. Simplified time-dependent probabilistic models for chain corrosion and polyester degradation are adopted to predict the strength degradation over time. The annual failure probability for different years is estimated by approximating the degraded strength by a piecewise constant model in order to perform a time variant reliability analysis. Monte Carlo simulations are used to determine the failure probability. A study case is also presented, where annual extreme top tension is obtained from long-term statistics considering Brazilian offshore environmental conditions acting on a turret moored floating, production, storage and offloading unit (FPSO).

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Mottershead, Kevin, Matthias Bruchhausen, Sergio Cicero y Sam Cuvilliez. "INCEFA-PLUS: Increasing Safety in NPPs by Covering Gaps in Environmental Fatigue Assessment". En ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21220.

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Abstract INCEFA-PLUS is a five year project supported by the European Commission HORIZON2020 programme. The project concludes in June 2020. 16 organisations from across Europe have combined forces to deliver new experimental data which is being used to develop improved guidelines for assessment of environmental fatigue damage to ensure safe operation of nuclear power plants. Within INCEFA-PLUS, the effects of mean strain and stress, hold time, strain amplitude and surface finish on fatigue endurance of austenitic stainless steels in light water reactor environments have been studied experimentally, these being issues of common interest to all participants. The data obtained has been collected and standardised in an online environmental fatigue database, implemented with the assistance of an INCEFA-PLUS led CEN workshop on this aspect. As the end of the project approaches, INCEFA-PLUS is developing and disseminating methods for including the new data into assessment approaches for environmental fatigue degradation. This paper provides an overall update to project developments since it was last presented at PVP2019 (PVP2019-93276), and provides provisional project conclusions (which will be finalised for presentation at the conference). As well as being a standalone paper, the paper will also serve as an introduction to other papers being submitted covering specific aspects of the project. In particular this paper summarises: • The results of 3 years of testing (nearly concluded at the time of paper submission) • A summary of revealed sensitivities to, and inter-dependencies between: ○ Mean strain and stress, surface finish, strain amplitude and hold time. ○ Environment ○ Material ○ Laboratory (including specimen size and form) • The latest thoughts on how the project results will be used to advance development of improved assessment guidelines. • Progress developing an International EAF database. • A summary of dissemination achieved and planned. • The status of INCEFA-SCALE plans for work after the end of INCEFA-PLUS.

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Mottershead, Kevin, Matthias Bruchhausen, Sam Cuvilliez y Sergio Cicero. "INCEFA-PLUS: Increasing Safety in NPPs by Covering Gaps in Environmental Fatigue Assessment". En ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84034.

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INCEFA-PLUS is a five-year project supported by the European Commission HORIZON 2020 programme. The project commenced in mid-2015. Sixteen organisations from across Europe have combined forces to deliver new experimental data which will support the development of improved guidelines for assessment of environmental fatigue damage to ensure safe operation of nuclear power plants. Within INCEFA-PLUS, the effects of mean strain and stress, hold time, strain amplitude and surface finish on fatigue endurance of austenitic stainless steels in light water reactor environments are being studied experimentally, these being issues of common interest to all participants. The data obtained is being collected and standardised in an online environmental fatigue database, implemented with the assistance of an INCEFA-PLUS led CEN (European Committee for Standardization) workshop on this aspect. Later in the project it is planned that INCEFA-PLUS will develop and disseminate methods for including the new data into assessment approaches for environmental fatigue degradation. This paper provides an overall update to project developments since it was last presented at PVP2017 [[1]]. As well as being a standalone paper, the paper will also serve as an introduction to more detailed papers also being submitted covering 4 specific aspects of the project. In particular, this paper summarises: • The results for Phase 1 testing. • The agreed plans for Phase 2 testing • A summary of emerging sensitivities to, and inter-dependencies between: ○ Mean strain and stress, surface finish, strain amplitude and hold time. ○ Environment ○ Material ○ Laboratory • Latest thinking on direction for the project in its last two years. • The latest thoughts on how the project results will be used to advance development of improved assessment guidelines. • A summary of dissemination achieved and planned for the forthcoming year.

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Carulli, Marina, Monica Bordegoni, Francesca Bernecich, Elena Spadoni y Patrizia Bolzan. "A Multisensory Virtual Reality System for Astronauts’ Entertainment and Relaxation". En ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97836.

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Abstract A research area of interest is that one concerning the design of solutions for improving the life conditions of users in extreme environmental situations. An example is the spacecraft environment, where astronauts are subject to particular conditions, due to the extreme environment. The isolated and confined environment influences behaviors and perceptions. This situation can impact both on astronauts’ moods, cause states of depression, and impact on their performance in working activities. A spacecraft can be the Space Station orbiting the Earth, or future means of transportation used for travelling to other planets. In both cases the space should be designed so as to offer the best possible living and working conditions to the astronauts. The research presented in this paper aims at designing and developing a multisensory VR system for the entertainment and the relaxation of astronauts. The use of VR technology allows us to overcome physical and psychological boundaries of the confined space, which is typical in a spacecraft environment. The sense of smell, which is more linked to visceral emotions than the other senses and can affect various aspects of humans’ physiological and psychological conditions, is used to improve astronauts’ productivity and concentration, and also to relieve their stress and anxiety.

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Askarieh, M. M., A. W. Harris y S. J. Wisbey. "The Potential Impact of Oil and Other Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (NAPLs) on the Long-Term Management of Radioactive Wastes". En ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4887.

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The presence of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in radioactive wastes has the potential to adversely affect their long-term management. The buoyancy of light NAPLs can represent a separate pathway for their migration from a waste management facility, such as a deep repository, to the accessible environment. Their inherent toxicity and potential burden of radionuclides need to be addressed. Nirex is currently developing an understanding of the behaviour of NAPLs and exploring the means of mitigating any adverse impact. NAPLs such as oils and solvents are present in existing wastes, but NAPLs can also be generated by degradation of some solid organic materials, such as plastics. Wastes arising in the United Kingdom that may contain NAPLs include liquids and sludges contaminated with oils, and waste items containing trapped oil, for example gearboxes and pumps. The reference inventory being assessed by Nirex also contains significant quantities of organic materials which can be considered to be potential precursors to the generation of NAPLs. A programme of work has been instigated by Nirex to develop a better understanding of the behaviour of NAPLs. The programme includes the following aspects: understanding the mechanisms by which NAPLs might be produced and existing NAPLs degraded and destroyed: • consideration of the containment that could be offered by packaging of wastes containing NAPLs; • investigating the extent to which radionuclides may be entrained in NAPLs; • understanding the migration of NAPLs in the near-field and in geological systems; • the impact of NAPLs on the surface properties of repository backfill and the geosphere; • development of assessment tools to quantify the potential risk due to NAPLs. This paper will describe the scope of this programme of work, and will provide examples from the ongoing programme to demonstrate that suitable long-term waste management solutions can be developed for NAPL containing wastes.

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Informes sobre el tema "Environmental degradation – Psychological aspects"

Ahmad, Ehtisham y Hans van Rijn. The Role of Local Governments in Driving High-Quality Growth in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, diciembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200400-2.

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Over the past 25 years, the People’s Republic of China has gone through a long period of remarkable growth, lifting millions of people out of poverty. But this focus on growth has come at a cost, particularly in terms of environmental degradation, increasing socioeconomic and spatial inequalities, and the building up of fiscal liabilities at the local government level. Under the High-Quality Growth agenda, the People’s Republic of China seeks to rebalance the economy by addressing those negative side effects, and local governments will have a key role to play in the implementation of that agenda. In this paper, some critical aspects of the fiscal and institutional environment in which local governments operate are analyzed, and proposals are offered for the strengthening of local government finances.

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