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Elpiner, Leonid I. y A. V. Dzyuba. "MEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE DEGRADATION OF THE PERMAFROST ZONE: PROBLEM OF PALEOVIRAL CONTAMINATION". Hygiene and sanitation 96, n.º 8 (27 de marzo de 2019): 706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-8-706-711.
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We present the concept of a possible global viral infestation associated with the processes of permafrost melting and probability of groundwater contamination with paleoviruses. The most realistic mechanism of the development of this process is considered, as well as possible ways of forming of a new epidemic situation, depending on characteristics of groundwater and surface water use for drinking purposes by the population of the permafrost zone (permafrost). The necessity of in-depth development of large-scale multi-disciplinary researches in order to clarify the pathogenetic significance of paleoviruses in the permafrost zone and assess the need of the development of the composition and the nature of the complex environmental and anti-epidemic measures is substantiated.
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Alderwish, Ahmed M. y Fayad A. Alderwish. "Environmental Aspects of the Accelerated Urbanization in Sana’a, Yemen". Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 16 (1 de diciembre de 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol16iss0pp1-12.
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From an environmental viewpoint, the prevailing health problems must be a “first priority” in all major development projects. Public water supply provides only 36% of domestic water. Disinfection of public water supply from the south well field is essential to avoid health problems. About 60% of the drinking water sold by ‘hygienic’ stations is of questionable quality. Expansion and upgrading in hospitals, pharmacies and industries (waste producers) will have an immediate impact on the amount of hazardous waste that will have to be disposed of. To achieve a sustainable urban development and to avoid environment/resources degradation, care should be taken now to monitor and improve handling and management of hazardous waste. Initiating management programs for reducing or preventing the generation of waste during production processes or other operations would be the first step to an economically and environmentally sound way of dealing with hazardous wastes. As complete elimination cannot be realized, ways to recycle the wastes should be sought. Major air pollutants in Sana’a include dust and SPM, carbon monoxide, photochemical oxidants, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, sulfur oxides and hydrocarbons. The main sources of pollution in the cities are the mobile sources. The emissions of gases from oil consumption are exceeding the permissible level and it is essential that the gases be monitored, at least in the congested areas of the cities. Integration of environmental concerns with economic growth in Yemen should occur at the planning stage, adopting a positive approach and focusing on improvement in the health and welfare of the residents of the program area. Mitigating measures relating to the protection of the urban environment and improving public health must be primary objectives of EIA investigation for any upgrading project within urban areas and any other projects impacting on an urban environment.
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Vyas, Neha. "Environmental Aspects of Project Management". Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 33, n.º 2 (abril de 2008): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920080205.
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The primary challenge in project management is to achieve all of the defined project goals and objectives while adhering to typical constraints which are usually scope, quality, time, and budget. Often, the basic flaw in project planning and design is the complete neglect or minimal consideration of environmental and social costs and dependence only on economic analysis for project preparation and investment. A failure to understand and internalize adverse or negative impacts on environment during project preparation could lead to several undesirable consequences, which may ultimately jeopardize the very objectives of growth and development for which the project was proposed. In this paper, the author stresses upon the need for environmental management for successful project completion and discusses the challenges of addressing the key environmental issues. Environmental management is not just about the ‘trees and bees’ but also about health, safety, profits, quality assurance, reduced risks to reputation, and increased global competitiveness, states the author. Overall, it is about efficiency and reducing environmental and legal liabilities. It is argued that sound environment management reduces the unforeseen obstacles and bottlenecks that may otherwise hamper the delivery of project objectives while helping to improve the environmental performance of project operations. The key environmental issues resulting from agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and urban operations include: severe degradation of air quality due to industrial and vehicular pollution contamination of land and water resources due to pesticides, fertilizers, and dumping of hazardous wastes depletion of raw material reserves contamination of surface and ground water sources due to discharge of sewage and industrial effluents deforestation. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) study is suggested as a tool for formulating an environment management plan. EIA should, however, not be treated just as a tool for regulatory compliance but as an instrument for improving project management per se with proper expertise, time, and budget allocations made for the purpose. In environmental management, the moot question is: How to get started? The author's advice is to start small and simple and gradually turn them into action plans for a worksite and subsequently up-scale them for the entire company. It is ultimately the actions taken at personal or community level or as a project manager that matters the most when it comes to environmental sustainability. Policies and plans merely show the way. It is becoming increasingly important to make environmental management an economic driver that would serve to minimize environmental damages and promote resource efficiency and cost savings to businesses.
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Clark, Michael A., Marco Springmann, Jason Hill y David Tilman. "Multiple health and environmental impacts of foods". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n.º 46 (28 de octubre de 2019): 23357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906908116.
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Food choices are shifting globally in ways that are negatively affecting both human health and the environment. Here we consider how consuming an additional serving per day of each of 15 foods is associated with 5 health outcomes in adults and 5 aspects of agriculturally driven environmental degradation. We find that while there is substantial variation in the health outcomes of different foods, foods associated with a larger reduction in disease risk for one health outcome are often associated with larger reductions in disease risk for other health outcomes. Likewise, foods with lower impacts on one metric of environmental harm tend to have lower impacts on others. Additionally, of the foods associated with improved health (whole grain cereals, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, olive oil, and fish), all except fish have among the lowest environmental impacts, and fish has markedly lower impacts than red meats and processed meats. Foods associated with the largest negative environmental impacts—unprocessed and processed red meat—are consistently associated with the largest increases in disease risk. Thus, dietary transitions toward greater consumption of healthier foods would generally improve environmental sustainability, although processed foods high in sugars harm health but can have relatively low environmental impacts. These findings could help consumers, policy makers, and food companies to better understand the multiple health and environmental implications of food choices.
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Matos, Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento de, Camila Domit y Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro Bracarense. "Seabirds: studies with parasitofauna and potential indicator for environmental anthropogenic impacts". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, n.º 4 (13 de mayo de 2020): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1439.
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The aim of this review was to present the main anthropogenic threats to seabirds, a taxonomic group described as environmental sentinels, and the dynamics between parasites and hosts and their relationship with the health of the marine ecosystem. Coastal marine environments support various anthropogenic activities, exposing seabirds to multiple and synergistic environmental changes. These activities are considered negative to the maintenance of several seabird species, such as exposure to constant aquatic contaminants and fishing. In addition, parasitic and infectious diseases (viral, bacterial, and fungal) may also play an important role in maintaining some seabird populations. Some pathogenic organisms have public health importance and/or may indicate environmental quality. Host-parasite interaction may be positive, negative, or absent depending on some environmental factors potentially associated with degradation, as well as intrinsic factors of host or parasite. In addition, investigating aspects of seabird mortality also contributes to the constant population monitoring and understanding of the interaction between animals, humans, and the environment. Thus, seabirds and their parasitofauna can provide important ecological and health information, including those related to environmental health, supporting strategies for reducing degradation and maintaining marine ecosystems.
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Sene, Luciane, Attilio Converti, Geslaine Aparecida Ribeiro Secchi y Rita de Cássia Garcia Simão. "New aspects on atrazine biodegradation". Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53, n.º 2 (abril de 2010): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132010000200030.
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The world practice of using agrochemicals for long periods, in an indiscriminated and abusive way, has been a concern of the authorities involved in public health and sustainability of the natural resources, as a consequence of environmental contamination. Agrochemicals refer to a broad range of insecticides, fungicides and herbicides, and among them stands out atrazine, a herbicide intensively used in sugarcane, corn and sorghum cultures, among others. Researches have demonstrated that atrazine has toxic effects in algae, aquatic plants, aquatic insects, fishes and mammals. Due to the toxicity and persistence of atrazine in the environment, the search of microbial strains capable of degrading it is fundamental to the development of bioremediation processes, as corrective tools to solve the current problems of the irrational use of agrochemicals. This review relates the main microbial aspects and research on atrazine degradation by isolated microbial species and microbial consortia, as well as approaches on the development of techniques for microbial removal of atrazine in natural environments.
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Vidishcheva, Evgenia, Yuriy Dreizis y Andrey Kopyrin. "The impact of ecological aspects on sustainable development of resort territories (example of the Krasnodar region, Russia)". E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 14010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017514010.
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Rapidincreaseofeconomicaffairs,expansionofhumanactivity, aswellasacceleratinggrowth ofman-madefactorsincreasethepressureon the environment as the basis of human life. Environmental degradation can bring into challenge both sustainability and future development of territories. Nowadays, regions and countries are on the way to sustainable development, as the most reasonable in terms of rational and effective use of resource potential. According to the concept, environmental conditions, economic and social stability are the three pillars of sustainable development. Importanceofenvironmentalcomponenthasbeenunderestimatedforalong period.However,environmental«health»andbalancedeterminethedynamics, duration and direction of development. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of environmental component on the sustainability of resort territory using the example of the Krasnodar regionindicators.
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Nowakowski, Przemysław. "Health and ecological aspects in shaping of furniture equipment". BUILDER 284, n.º 3 (24 de febrero de 2021): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7426.
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The choice of furniture does not only affect the comfort of one’s life or work space. Materials utilized in furniture production may contribute to the quality of chemical microclimate in rooms and have an influence on the users’ health. Plenty of substances used in the furniture industry have negative effects on human health. These effects are usually of low intensity. However, they occur over a long period of time and as a result they may even lead directly to permanent health problems. Consumer lifestyle boosts frequent changes in interior decoration. The changes include mainly replacing furniture and household appliances. The furniture industry offers a wide range of products to satisfy the growing needs of buyers. Mass production results in a significant increase in the exploitation of natural resources and (often) leads to degradation of the natural environment. The downsides of mass furniture production are usually considered only in terms of utilizing various resources. Producers, however, implement measures to reduce the consumption of materials and energy. Their aim is to cut the production costs and lower the final price of manufactured goods. Worn out furniture, produced from highly processed materials is not biodegradable. Such waste is a heavy burden on the natural environment. The paper describes „the life cycle” of furniture items and presents a critical analysis of raw materials and intermediate products used in the furniture industry in the context of sustainable development (the impact on human health and on the condition of the natural environment). It may serve as a means to promote pro-health and pro-environmental awareness. A thorough assessment of the furniture available on the market may facilitate in making conscious decisions which will also take into consideration additional technical criteria. The choice of furniture neutral for people as well as for the environment is not an easy task and often involves higher spending.
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Abadi, Saeed Daryaee Bajhdad, Mohammad Hossain Ramazani Ghavam Abadi, Seyed Ghasem Zamani y Mehrzad Kiani. "Legal, Commercial, Medical, Ethical and Environmental Aspects of Granting Patents for Biotechnological Innovations". Journal of Politics and Law 10, n.º 1 (29 de diciembre de 2016): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n1p62.
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Biotechnology has many applications in environment (clean up or prevent its degradation), agriculture (increased efficiency and productivity), medical (new methods of treatment or new drugs) and various industries, including Oil industry (elimination of oil pollution), textile products (increasing the quality of textiles) and food industry (raising the quantity and quality of food). But there are also concerns relating to some unknown aspects, effects and consequence of biotechnology in a way that the long-term effects are not so clear on human health or on the environment in the agriculture and in the food industry on the health of consumers. For example, gene therapy and genetic drugs, can cause some genetic complications or biotechnological product may cause growth of useless or harmful like weeds resistant to pesticides and even pollute the environment by disrupting the function in agriculture. Of course to address this concern, there are some principles such as biological safety and the necessity assess the risks arising from the use of this product, and prudent use of these innovations on the domestic and international level. Ethical considerations and objections have been raised by the moralists in terms of loss of intrinsic value of life due to manipulate by biotechnology or threaten the dignity of living creatures with dominance and monopoly over them. These considerations will be strongly when we are confronted with the fact that the granting of monopoly to biotechnology can lead to the misuse of this knowledge against humans and other organisms. Of course, there are ways to prevent or address these abuses, including the abolition of the patent or parallel import of product or granting licenses to others. In addition, human rights lovers also believe that the granting of monopoly and patent to the achievements of this science is In some cases contrary to human rights So have objected to it. Like threaten the right to health and healthy food (in terms of risk to human health resulting from biotechnology. Threaten the right to work (due to market monopolization by big companies and unemployment and the gradual elimination of small farmers) and threaten the right to a healthy environment (due to possible adverse effects on the environment and biodiversity). Of course, these concerns can be reduced by international regulations such as the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. Another challenge is on how to prove damages resulting from biotech crops to the environment, people and their property and also proving the causal relationship between the biotech and damage is difficult because their harmful and unknown effects usually becomes apparent in long-term and this makes it hard to prove a causality relationship. Also in such damages, the best way of compensation (i.e. restore the former state) is difficult or impossible. Because the reproducibility of biotechnology can reduce the ability to control on extent of damage and the harmful effects. However, concerns have been reduced slightly by stipulating strict liability for the damage in international regulations.
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Champ, Martine M.-J. "Physiological Aspects of Resistant Starch and in vivo Measurements". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2004): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.3.749.
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Abstract Resistant starch (RS) is the sum of starch and products of starch degradation not absorbed in the small intestine of healthy individuals. There are a number of RS with different characteristics which may have a different fate in the colon. As a consequence, all RS should not be considered equivalent as far as physiological properties are concerned; indeed, they may have a different impact on colonic health. This statement may explain part of the apparent contradictions in the literature on RS and cancer or inflammatory disease prevention. RS is fermented in the large intestine into short-chain fatty acids and, among those, butyrate, which is recognized as the main nutrient of the colonocyte. This fermentation pattern seems to be responsible for most of the effects of RS on colonic health. Another important property is linked to its ability to lower colonic pH, which is usually considered as beneficial for mineral biovailability in the colon or cancer prevention. Due to their fate in the digestive tract, RS materials do not seem to have any significant impact on glucose absorption or metabolism. On the contrary, they may have a hypocholesterolemic effect, but available information is contradictory.
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Lonergan, Stephen C. "Impoverishment, Population, and Environmental Degradation: The Case for Equity". Environmental Conservation 20, n.º 4 (1993): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900023523.
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The discussion above sought to clarify some of the key aspects of the relationships among impoverishment, population, and environmental degradation, and to pose a conceptual framework for addressing the issue. At various times, impoverishment has been identified: as a root cause of environmental degradation; as a proximate cause; and as a contributing factor, merely reinforcing the linkage between environmental degradation and poverty often caused by wealth and greed. Despite an abundance of recent literature on the topic, it is not clear how environmental degradation and impoverishment are linked. What is apparent is that the relationship amongst these elements is complex, multidimensional, conditional and, at present, indeterminate. Although much of the evidence linking impoverishment and environmental degradation is anecdotal, it appears that the key issue is one of equity. Considerations of international equity, national equity, and intergenerational equity, must form the cornerstone of any strategy to confront the joint issues of environmental degradation and impoverishment.Promoting equity as a key principle or strategy, however, does not reduce the complexity of the issue; equity has an economic dimension, a political dimension, and a social dimension; numerous case-studies can be found to illustrate these dimensions, and a few are noted in our above discussion. This framework is also tied to the goal of sustainable livelihood security, which recognizes that security has both political and environmental components. Despite the complexity of these issues, it is still possible to develop general recommendations to be used as a guide to the design of intervention strategies by agencies providing development assistance. Accordingly, five such recommendations are noted last above.The conceptual framework developed in this paper sought to extend the work on the impoverishment, population, and environment, issue begun by Leonard (1989), Holmberg (1991), and others. It is clear, however, that much more study of these complex interrelationships is needed before the linkages amongst them are well identified and understood. In addition, it is not enough to accept the importance of equity as a key principle of sustainable livelihood security; development agencies must be willing to act on this principle, and to design intervention strategies which aim at reducing and eliminating the inequities which are a major cause of environmental degradation.
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Flores, Federico M., Rosa M. Torres Sánchez y Maria dos Santos Afonso. "Some aspects of the adsorption of glyphosate and its degradation products on montmorillonite". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, n.º 18 (25 de abril de 2018): 18138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2073-4.
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Broje, Victoria. "Recent Studies on Fate and Degradation of Hydrocarbons Dispersed Subsea". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2017): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.271.
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ABSTRACT The goal of applying dispersants as an oil spill response technique whether at the surface or subsea is to minimize surface oil impacts to people, wildlife, and shorelines and to facilitate rapid dilution and natural degradation of the dispersed oil in the water column. Thus, reliable estimates of the fate and degradation of oil, dispersed oil, and, for subsea releases, gas are key considerations when selecting response techniques. The American Petroleum Institute (API) has sponsored research on various aspects of subsea dispersant injection for over 4 years. Three of the most recent of those studies further advanced our understanding of the fate and biodegradation of hydrocarbons dispersed subsea and are discussed in this paper. An effort to evaluate the latest dispersed oil biodegradation studies and biodegradation modeling algorithms resulted in an overview of current state-of-the-science for characterizing biodegradation processes in far field oil spill models and recommendations on improving these modeling practices. Another project examined the current state-of-the-science on oil sedimentation processes including “marine snow” formation in the context of oil spills and dispersant use. It was conducted in order to better understand dynamics, fate, and environmental impacts of oil sedimentation from the perspective of Net Environmental Benefit Analysis, NEBA (aka Spill Impact Mitigation Assessment). The third study conducted numerical modeling to predict the fate of light hydrocarbons with and without subsea dispersant use and to estimate the changes in air quality near a well site. The goal of this effort was to evaluate whether subsea dispersant injection can reduce surface volatile hydrocarbon concentrations in the vicinity of well-control operations to protect responders’ health and safety. These and other API projects advanced our understanding of the scientific and environmental aspects of subsea dispersant use and provide a scientific basis for inclusion of this technique into contingency plans.
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Koprowska, Karolina. "Environmental Justice in the Context of Urban Green Space Availability". Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 6, n.º 345 (2 de marzo de 2020): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.345.08.
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Environmental justice is a term that includes both exposure to environmental ‘bads’ as well as access to environmental ‘goods’ which might be unequally experienced by different socio‑economic groups. In other words, environmental justice scholars study whether everybody can have an equal right to a healthy, nurturing environment which supports their development and well‑being. The environmental justice movement arose in response to the so‑called ‘environmental racism’ in the USA which affected communities of blue‑collar workers, people with lower income and of Afro‑American, Asian, Latin or native origins. Although initially environmental (in)justice was rooted in racial discrimination in the USA, nowadays it encompasses a wider range of issues, including problems at the local and global level, from degradation and pollution of natural resources to aspects related to spatial planning. Unequal access to environmental amenities – such as green spaces – was not the main focus of the discourse, however, it is gaining attention nowadays, especially in the context of urban environment. Urban green spaces influence health and well‑being of urban residents, but access to them can be uneven in terms of socio‑spatial heterogeneity. Growing challenges of living in cities, related to, among others, climate change, densification or sprawling of developments, urban heat islands, and other nuisances, require sustainable management of green spaces and provision of equal (socially just) access to benefits provided by these areas. Moreover, another important aspect of the discussion is linked to potentially beneficial planning decisions (e.g. increasing availability of urban green spaces) and their long‑term consequences, which may eventually lead to gentrification and increased social inequalities (environmental injustice). Complexity of the problem related to availability of green spaces in cities needs an interdisciplinary approach which combines ecological, spatial and socio‑economic aspects. The article reviews the current state‑of‑the‑art literature in the field of environmental justice, with particular emphasis on green space availability in the context of urban environment.
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Torp-Donner, Heidi y Jarmo Juga. "Sustainability - a challenge to animal production and breeding". Agricultural and Food Science 6, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1997): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72786.
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Prospects of sustainable animal breeding are briefly reviewed from the animal breeding point of view. The aspects of sustainability included are: ecological sustainability such as environmental sustainability and maintenance of biodiversity as well as ethical and economical sustainability. Environmental degradation can be reduced by intensive production at least on intermediate production levels. Biodiversity of livestock breeds can be maintained with globally diverse breeding goals containing several traits and with national conservation schemes for rare local breeds. Ethical sustainability can be taken into account by improving health and longevity traits. Production must also be economically profitable, otherwise it is not sustainable. In optimising all these aspects, the animal breeders have to lay down criteria for conservation programmes and re-evaluate breeding goals so that sustainability is taken into account.
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ANNEAR, MICHAEL, SALLY KEELING, TIM WILKINSON, GRANT CUSHMAN, BOB GIDLOW y HEATHER HOPKINS. "Environmental influences on healthy and active ageing: a systematic review". Ageing and Society 34, n.º 4 (6 de noviembre de 2012): 590–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x1200116x.
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ABSTRACTThis paper explores the evidence for environmental influences on older adult health and activity participation, identifies current knowledge gaps and limitations within this literature, and offers recommendations for future research via a systematic appraisal of 83 quantitative and qualitative studies. A Cochrane-type review procedure was followed, which incorporated structured database searches, inclusion and exclusion criteria, quality appraisal of included studies, and peer review. The review findings identify support for both personal and environmental influences on health and activity participation in later life. Reported personal influences include ethnicity and cultural norms, energy and motivation, sex, age, education, genetic heritage, self-efficacy, and personal financial circumstances. Reported environmental influences on activity participation include climate, level of pollution, street lighting, traffic conditions, accessibility and appropriateness of services and facilities, socio-economic conditions, aesthetics, pedestrian infrastructure, community life, exposure to antisocial behaviour, social network participation, environmental degradation, level of urbanism, exposure to natural settings, familiarity with local environment and others. Recommendations for future research include the need for innovative research methods; involvement of older adults as research collaborators; investigation of wider aspects of the active ageing concept; in-depth assessment of the environmental characteristics of areas; investigation of the pathways leading from environment to health and activity participation; and more theoretically informed research or increased contribution of research to theory development.
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Xiao, Guangfeng, Tiantian Xu, Muhammad Faheem, Yanxing Xi, Ting Zhou, Haseeb Tufail Moryani, Jianguo Bao y Jiangkun Du. "Evolution of Singlet Oxygen by Activating Peroxydisulfate and Peroxymonosulfate: A Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 7 (24 de marzo de 2021): 3344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073344.
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Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on peroxydisulfate (PDS) or peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation have attracted much research attention in the last decade for the degradation of recalcitrant organic contaminants. Sulfate (SO4•−) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals are most frequently generated from catalytic PDS/PMS decomposition by thermal, base, irradiation, transition metals and carbon materials. In addition, increasingly more recent studies have reported the involvement of singlet oxygen (1O2) during PDS/PMS-based AOPs. Typically, 1O2 can be produced either along with SO4•− and •OH or discovered as the dominant reactive oxygen species (ROSs) for pollutants degradation. This paper reviews recent advances in 1O2 generation during PDS/PMS activation. First, it introduces the basic chemistry of 1O2, its oxidation properties and detection methodologies. Furthermore, it elaborates different activation strategies/techniques, including homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, and discusses the possible reaction mechanisms to give an overview of the principle of 1O2 production by activating PDS/PMS. Moreover, although 1O2 has shown promising features such as high degradation selectivity and anti-interference capability, its production pathways and mechanisms remain controversial in the present literatures. Therefore, this study identifies the research gaps and proposes future perspectives in the aspects of novel catalysts and related mechanisms.
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Yayayürük, Aslı Erdem y Onur Yayayürük. "Applications of Green Chemistry Approaches in Environmental Analysis". Current Analytical Chemistry 15, n.º 7 (15 de octubre de 2019): 745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411015666190314154632.
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Background: Green chemistry is the application of methodologies and techniques to reduce the use of hazardous substances, minimize waste generation and apply benign and cheap applications. Methods: In this article, the following issues were considered: greener solvents and reagents, miniaturization of analytical instrumentation, reagent-free methodologies, greening with automation, greener sample preparation methods, and greener detection systems. Moreover, the tables along with the investigated topics including environmental analysis were included. The future aspects and the challenges in green analytical chemistry were also discussed. Results: The prevention of waste generation, atomic economy, use of less hazardous materials for chemical synthesis and design, use of safer solvents, auxiliaries and renewable raw materials, reduction of unnecessary derivatization, design degradation products, prevention of accidents and development of real-time analytical methods are important for the development of greener methodologies. Conclusion: Efforts should also be given for the evaluation of novel solid phases, new solvents, and sustainable reagents to reduce the risks associated with the environment. Moreover, greener methodologies enable energy efficient, safe and faster that reduce the use of reagents, solvents and preservatives which are hazardous to both environment and human health.
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Wang, Hanyu. "Research on the Present Situation and Countermeasures of Environmental Accounting Information Disclosure of Listed Companies in China". Modern Management Forum 3, n.º 2 (13 de junio de 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/mmf.v3i2.1603.
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<p>The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) proposes that building an ecological civilization is the Millennium Plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. After entering the industrial society, people abused unrestricted resources in their production activities and discharged highly polluting substances that seriously exceeded the standards, causing continuous environmental degradation. Environmental accounting is an emerging field of accounting, which balances economic and environmental development through the effective combination of accounting management and environmental economy. This paper discusses that in the specific application of China's environmental accounting, it can start from various aspects such as law, education, society and so on to better promote the healthy development of green economy.</p>
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Larson, Paul D. "Relationships between Logistics Performance and Aspects of Sustainability: A Cross-Country Analysis". Sustainability 13, n.º 2 (11 de enero de 2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020623.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate relationships between national logistics performance and dimensions of sustainability. A series of hypotheses are developed and tested using regression analysis of secondary data. The sources of data are the Sustainable Society Index (SSI) and the World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index (LPI). Fundamental aspects of social sustainability and well-being—a healthy, educated population, equality, good governance, and reasonable income distribution—are related to higher levels of logistics performance. In addition, while logistics performance is a driver of economic activity and success, it is also a contributor to environmental degradation in the form of harmful emissions. If economic growth is among a nation’s goals, its leaders are advised to support social well-being, along with technologies and practices for greater energy efficiency (and lower emissions) in transportation.
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Larson, Paul D. "Relationships between Logistics Performance and Aspects of Sustainability: A Cross-Country Analysis". Sustainability 13, n.º 2 (11 de enero de 2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020623.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate relationships between national logistics performance and dimensions of sustainability. A series of hypotheses are developed and tested using regression analysis of secondary data. The sources of data are the Sustainable Society Index (SSI) and the World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index (LPI). Fundamental aspects of social sustainability and well-being—a healthy, educated population, equality, good governance, and reasonable income distribution—are related to higher levels of logistics performance. In addition, while logistics performance is a driver of economic activity and success, it is also a contributor to environmental degradation in the form of harmful emissions. If economic growth is among a nation’s goals, its leaders are advised to support social well-being, along with technologies and practices for greater energy efficiency (and lower emissions) in transportation.
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Owen, Roger. "The rapid growth of Egypt’s agricultural output, 1890–1914, as an early example of the green revolutions of modern South Asia: some implications for the writing of global history". Journal of Global History 1, n.º 1 (marzo de 2006): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022806000052.
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The article uses comparative Indian material from British India and later, the Pakistani Punjab to ask new questions of the standard accounts of Egypt’s post-1890 cotton boom. It also argues for the particular relevance of the rich Punjabi green revolution data to the Egyptian case, and more generally, for the rewards to be obtained from an academic dialog between selected aspects of late nineteenth and of late twentieth century globalization. Topics analyzed include the impact of the various agricultural revolutions on social and regional inequalities, the issue of sustainability, the role of experts and the impact on health of long-term environmental degradation.
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Omedi, Moses J. y Emmanuel C. Kipkorir. "‘Hom’: a simple point of use water treatment device". Journal of Water and Health 8, n.º 4 (20 de abril de 2010): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2010.110.
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This study sought to explore a locally assembled ‘Hom’ point of use water treatment device by assessing aspects of its performance and possible effects of using it on compliant households and communities. The conceptual framework highlights poverty and environmental degradation as causes and consequences of one another, with ill-health caused by water-borne diseases reinforcing both to form a cycle. Whether or not the device would play a role in interrupting this cycle depends on its capabilities and acceptance, among other factors. Survey results indicated that the device is acceptable to 84% of respondents. Analysed data collected using questionnaires from 60 randomly sampled pilot device users revealed that it is useful to its users. Yield trials results led to the conclusion that one device unit could provide enough drinking water to satisfy the needs of a large representative household. Laboratory tests of water samples filtered with cartridges used for up to 10 years in the device found the water to be safe for drinking. It is concluded that the device is effective, environmentally friendly and useful to compliant households.
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Herrera Melián, José Alberto. "Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Systems (2018–2019)". Sustainability 12, n.º 5 (3 de marzo de 2020): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051940.
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An important part of the environmental degradation suffered by the planet is caused by the discharge of untreated or poorly treated wastewater. Industrial, urban, and agricultural wastewater contain many different types of pollutants such as biodegradable and nonbiodegradable organic matter, suspended solids, turbidity, nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, pathogens, etc. All of these pose a threat to the environment and human health, so the selected treatment techniques must be adapted to their nature in order to optimize their removal. In addition to efficiency, wastewater treatment methods must be sustainable, not only from an environmental point of view, but also economically and ethically. As a result, no technological dependence should be generated in less developed countries or communities. Therefore, this Special Issue deals with improvements in various aspects of wastewater treatment including different aspects of water treatment such as the development of mathematical models, the application of life cycle techniques, or the experimental optimization of wastewater treatment methods. Thirteen articles were accepted covering some of the most relevant fields of wastewater treatment: activated sludge, nanoparticle treatment, constructed wetlands, energy–water nexus, nutrient recovery, eco-friendly sorbents, and reverse osmosis.
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Golar, Golar, Muhammad Basir-Cyio, Isrun Isrun, Rahmat Bakri, Muhammad Rusydi, Bohari Bohari y Muhammad Fardhal Pratama. "Recovery of Agricultural Areas Affected by Traditional Gold Mining: Sustainable Food Supply Stability". International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 16, n.º 2 (30 de abril de 2021): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.160207.
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This study aims to analyze the recovery of the agricultural area’s function affected by the Poboya traditional gold mining in supporting the stability of sustainable food supply. We began the research by examining the existing mining land conditions through spatial analysis (land cover and land use changes from 2010 to 2019). Apart from that, it also analyzed the land’s health was through the soil’s physical and chemical properties, especially mercury. The observation proved that changes in the land’s cover and uses lead to decreased land quality and degradation. The existing condition showed heavy metals, particularly mercury, mostly polluted agricultural land in the mining area. The model design produced by this study may 1) emphasize land arrangement; 2) revegetation design with forestry, plantation, and food crops; 3) domesticated plant; and 4) environmental monitoring, concerning monitoring of soil quality, monitoring of erosion and sedimentation, water quality, acid mine drainage, successful revegetation, and others. These four aspects expect to help suppress the rate of land degradation in agriculture located in ex-mining areas and reduce forest destruction in the Grand Forest Park area.
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Azizan, Muhammad Hafiz, Nabsiah Abdul Wahid y Ismail Abustan. "Integrated Marketing Communication: Environmental Information Leads Stewardship". Advanced Science Letters 21, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2015): 933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.5939.
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The integration of marketing communication channel has provided environmental information in various aspects of learning. As practiced in the last 20 years, where marketing functions has moved from theory to practice. Therefore, the environmental education (EE) tackles environmental degradation issue today by ensuring relevant, specific knowledge is passed on to, and acted upon by targeted groups in the community like youth. Integrated media is a convenience channel of an EE creativity to inject the element of effective communication in learning experience for youth while integrated marketing communication (IMC) try to gain their attention, interest, desire and action (AIDA) on environmental issues. The literature identified exposures to various kind of integration in marketing communication have developed their consumer behavioural characteristics and attitude. This study investigates whether youth aged between 15-21 years old show different AIDA perceptions in environmental stewardship (ES). Survey respondents consist of 51 secondary school (15-17 years old) and 30 higher institution (18-20 years old) students who participated in a Kem Pemimpin Muda Perihatin Air Kebangsaan 2014 (KPMPAK ’14) organised by Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) Malaysia and UNESCO-IHP Malaysia to capture youth perception on EE program on media. IMC is an effective way of EE method as it managed to gain youth attention, interest, desire and action irrespective of their understanding. The findings provide an insight on youth behaviour when capturing information from EE marketing communication delivered via IMC.
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Zahri, Khadijah Nabilah Mohd, Azham Zulkharnain, Suriana Sabri, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes y Siti Aqlima Ahmad. "Research Trends of Biodegradation of Cooking Oil in Antarctica from 2001 to 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on the Scopus Database". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 4 (19 de febrero de 2021): 2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042050.
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In the present age, environmental pollution is multiplying due to various anthropogenic activities. Pollution from waste cooking oil is one of the main issues facing the current human population. Scientists and researchers are seriously concerned about the oils released from various activities, including the blockage of the urban drainage system and odor issues. In addition, cooking oil is known to be harmful and may have a carcinogenic effect. It was found that current research studies and publications are growing on these topics due to environmental problems. A bibliometric analysis of studies published from 2001 to 2021 on cooking oil degradation was carried out using the Scopus database. Primarily, this analysis identified the reliability of the topic for the present-day and explored the past and present progresses of publications on various aspects, including the contributing countries, journals and keywords co-occurrence. The links and interactions between the selected subjects (journals and keywords) were further visualised using the VOSviewer software. The analysis showed that the productivity of the publications is still developing, with the most contributing country being the United States, followed by China and India with 635, 359 and 320 publications, respectively. From a total of 1915 publications, 85 publications were published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Meanwhile, the second and third of the most influential journals were Bioresource Technology and Industrial Crops and Products with 76 and 70 total publications, respectively. Most importantly, the co-occurrence of the author’s keywords revealed “biodegradation”, “bioremediation”, “vegetable oil” and “Antarctic” as the popular topics in this study area, especially from 2011 to 2015. In conclusion, this bibliometric analysis on the degradation of cooking oil may serve as guide for future avenues of research in this area of research.
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Marzochi, Mauro Celio de Almeida, Aline Fagundes, Moacir Vieira de Andrade, Marcos Barbosa de Souza, Maria de Fátima Madeira, Eliame Mouta-Confort, Armando de Oliveira Schubach y Keyla Belizia Feldman Marzochi. "Visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects and control". Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 42, n.º 5 (octubre de 2009): 570–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822009000500017.
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From 1977 (index case) to 2006, 87 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were confirmed in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in periurban areas on the continental and coastal slopes of the Pedra Branca massif and the continental slopes of the Gericinó massif. The majority (65.5%) of the patients were more than five years old, predominantly males (61.5%), but without any difference between the sexes below the age of 14 years. The overall fatality rate was 10.4%. Two cases of visceral leishmaniasis/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection were detected. Leishmania chagasi was isolated from human and canine cases. The associations between the presence of phlebotomines and human and canine migrations, disorderly occupation involving degradation of environmental preservation areas and poor socioeconomic conditions may have created a favorable setting for the establishment and propagation of the disease. Close epidemiological surveillance associated with traditional control measures and others (active case researches, land clearing and health education), reduced the incidence of human cases from 2.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1981 to less than 0.01 per 100,000 since 1997. The canine infection rates decreased from 4.6% in 1984 to 1.6% in 2008. Lutzomyia longipalpis was not detected in some locations where human and canine cases occurred. In the years 2007 and 2008, no new human cases were reported, but there is a persistent and worrisome residual canine seroprevalence.
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Macháček, Jan. "Typology of Environmental Impacts of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in African Great Lakes Region". Sustainability 11, n.º 11 (28 de mayo de 2019): 3027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113027.
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Artisanal and small-scale mining is a widespread economic sector in the African Great Lakes Region, where it has an adverse impact on the population’s environment. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and consider the typology of the environmental impacts of artisanal and small-scale mining, in particular, the anthropogenic influences on topography with regard to the methods used in raw material mining. Among the most significant environmental aspects related to artisanal and small-scale mining are deforestation, changes in landscape structure, influence over geomorphological processes and hydrological river regime, chemical pollution of soil and watercourses, influencing soil production capacity. The aforementioned factors can cause health problems such as silicosis, poisoning by methyl orthophosphate, or injury during the mining activity itself. Artisanal and small-scale mining could initiate new geomorphological processes or modify naturally occurring geomorphological processes. These dynamic processes are influenced by the topography of the relief, soil properties, and rock composition. Anthropogenic activity in these cases may lead to faster reshaping (degradation or abrasion) of soil shapes. This study covers a broad understanding of environmental impacts of artisanal and small-scale mining with a focus on anthropogenic influencing.
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Bychkov, Igor, Olga Gagarinova, Irina Orlova y Victor Bogdanov. "Water Protection Zoning as an Instrument of Preservation for Lake Baikal". Water 10, n.º 10 (19 de octubre de 2018): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101474.
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The article is dedicated to the justification and practical implementation of a nature protection-based methodological approach to define the boundaries of the Lake Baikal protection zone and form proposals related to the harmonization of instruments of environmentally responsible development of the territory, which has the status of a World Heritage site as it contains 20% of the world’s fresh water supply. An analysis of the contemporary conditions of Lake Baikal and its surrounding landscapes show environmental degradation of the area. The most important aspects in solving the existing problem may be the construction of a science-based definition of the Lake Baikal water protection zone and compliance with the universal global values related to the requirements of ecological threat prevention. The main landscape-hydrological design principles for the water protection zone are studied in this article. A method for the functional water protection zoning of urban territories is also given. This has been implemented in Baikalsk town, which is located on the Baikal shore and is considered to be one of the most environmentally damaged territories. Proposals include recommendations on the harmonization of the landscape-hydrological principles of territory assessment and methods for target landscape planning; the setting of various restrictions within the boundaries of existing industrial and settlement zones; the creation of an overall system of environmental health monitoring for Lake Baikal and its protection zones; and for ensuring interactions with the public.
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Loiselle, Luc, U. Mohan Rao y Issouf Fofana. "Gassing Tendency of Fresh and Aged Mineral Oil and Ester Fluids under Electrical and Thermal Fault Conditions". Energies 13, n.º 13 (5 de julio de 2020): 3472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133472.
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Operational factors are known to affect the health of an in-service power transformer and to reduce the capabilities and readiness for energy transmission and distribution. Hence, it is important to understand the degradation rate and corresponding behavioral aspects of different insulating fluids under various fault conditions. In this article, the behavior of mineral oil and two environmentally friendly fluids (a synthetic and a natural ester) are reported under arcing, partial discharges, and thermal fault conditions. Arcing, partial discharges and thermal faults are simulated by 100 repeated breakdowns, top oil electrical discharge of 9 kV for five hours, and local hotspots respectively by using different laboratory-based setups. Some physicochemical properties along with the gassing tendency of fresh and aged insulating liquids are investigated after the different fault conditions. UV spectroscopy and turbidity measurements are used to report the degradation behavior and dissolved gas analysis is used to understand the gassing tendency. The changes in the degradation rate of oil under the influence of various faults and the corresponding dissolved gasses generated are analyzed. The fault gas generations are diagnosed by Duval’s triangle and pentagon methods for mineral and non-mineral oils. It is inferred that; the gassing tendency of the dielectric fluids evolve with respect to the degradation rate and is dependent on the intensity and type of fault.
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Ndirangu, Shem M., Yanyan Liu, Kai Xu y Shaoxian Song. "Risk Evaluation of Pyrolyzed Biochar from Multiple Wastes". Journal of Chemistry 2019 (16 de diciembre de 2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4506314.
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This paper aims at demonstrating the significance of biochar risk evaluation and reviewing risk evaluation from the aspects of pyrolysis process, feedstock, and sources of hazards in biochar and their potential effects and the methods used in risk evaluation. Feedstock properties and the resultant biochar produced at different pyrolysis process influence their chemical, physical, and structural properties, which are vital in understanding the functionality of biochar. Biochar use has been linked to some risks in soil application such as biochar being toxic, facilitating GHGs emission, suppression of the effectiveness of pesticides, and effects on soil microbes. These potential risks originate from feedstock, contaminated feedstock, and pyrolysis conditions that favor the creation of characteristics and functional groups of this nature. These toxic compounds formed pose a threat to human health through the food chain. Determination of toxicity levels is a first step in the risk management of toxic biochar. Various sorption methods of biochar utilized low-cost adsorbents, engineered surface functional groups, and nZVI modified biochars. The mechanisms of organic compound removal was through sorption, enhanced sorption, modified biochar, postpyrolysis thermal air oxidation and that of PFRs degradation was through activation, photoactive functional groups, magnetization, and hydrothermal synthesis. Emissions of GHGs in soils amended with biochar emanated through physical and biotic mediated mechanisms. BCNs have a significance in reducing the health quotient indices for PTEs risk contamination by suppressing cancer risk arising from consumption of contaminated food. The degree of environmental risk assessment of HM pollution in biomass and biochars has been determined by using potential ecological risk index and RAC while organic contaminant degradation by EPFRs was considered when assessing the environmental roles of biochar in regulating the fate of contaminants removal. The magnitude of technologies’ net benefit must be considered in relation to the associated risks.
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Schrale, G., R. Boardman y M. J. Blaskett. "Investigating Land Based Disposal of Bolivar Reclaimed Water, South Australia". Water Science and Technology 27, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1993): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0022.
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The Bolivar Sewage Treatment Works (STW) processes the urban and industrial sewage from the northern and eastern suburbs of Adelaide. The treatment capacity is equivalent to the sewage production of 1.1 million people. The disposal of more than 40 000 ML of reclaimed water into the sea has caused a progressive degradation of about 950 ha of seagrass beds which threatens the sustainability of the fisheries and marine ecosystems of Gulf St. Vincent. The current practice will no longer be viable to achieve compliance with the SA Marine Environment Protection Act, 1990. A Inter-Departmental Working Party recommmended that the Bolivar reclaimed water be disposed by irrigation of suitable land on the coastal plains north of Adelaide. They proposed the construction of two pipelines: a 12 km long pipeline to extend the distribution of reclaimed water in the most intense portion of the 3 500 hectares of irrigated horticulture on the Northern Adelaide Plains, and a second, 18 km long pipeline to deliver the remainder to a more northerly site for irrigation of an estimated 4 000 hectares of hardwood plantations. The paper summarizes the findings as they relate to public health, environmental, technical and financial aspects of land based disposal. Land based disposal would completely eliminate the marine degradation and also arrest the over-use of the NAP underground water resources for horticulture. The total net costs over thirty years for land based disposal are about $ 21.8 million. The ‘horticultural' pipeline of the land based disposal scheme is expected to be commercially viable. A shortfall in revenue from the afforestation component is expected and may need to be considered as an environmental cost of ceasing marine disposal.
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Sui, Xin, Xuemei Wang, Yuhuan Li y Hongbing Ji. "Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils with Microbial and Microbial Combined Methods: Advances, Mechanisms, and Challenges". Sustainability 13, n.º 16 (18 de agosto de 2021): 9267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169267.
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The petroleum industry’s development has been supported by the demand for petroleum and its by-products. During extraction and transportation, however, oil will leak into the soil, destroying the structure and quality of the soil and even harming the health of plants and humans. Scientists are researching and developing remediation techniques to repair and re-control the afflicted environment due to the health risks and social implications of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. Remediation of soil contamination produced by petroleum hydrocarbons, on the other hand, is a difficult and time-consuming job. Microbial remediation is a focus for soil remediation because of its convenience of use, lack of secondary contamination, and low cost. This review lists the types and capacities of microorganisms that have been investigated to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. However, investigations have revealed that a single microbial remediation faces difficulties, such as inconsistent remediation effects and substantial environmental consequences. It is necessary to understand the composition and source of pollutants, the metabolic genes and pathways of microbial degradation of petroleum pollutants, and the internal and external aspects that influence remediation in order to select the optimal remediation treatment strategy. This review compares the degradation abilities of microbial–physical, chemical, and other combination remediation methods, and highlights the degradation capabilities and processes of the greatest microbe-biochar, microbe–nutrition, and microbe–plant technologies. This helps in evaluating and forecasting the chemical behavior of contaminants with both short- and long-term consequences. Although there are integrated remediation strategies for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons, practical remediation remains difficult. The sources and quantities of petroleum pollutants, as well as their impacts on soil, plants, and humans, are discussed in this article. Following that, the focus shifted to the microbiological technique of degrading petroleum pollutants and the mechanism of the combined microbial method. Finally, the limitations of existing integrated microbiological techniques are highlighted.
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Lazarotto, Dinei Vitor, Silvana Isabel Schneider, Keitiline Bauchspiess, Keli Hosftätter, Vanessa Faco Tarone, Fernanda Volpatto y Jaqueline Ineu Golombieski. "Análise da potabilidade da água em poços rasos no município de Caiçara no Rio Grande do Sul". Ciência e Natura 42 (30 de diciembre de 2020): e86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x40496.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate water quality and environmental impacts in shallow wells in rural properties of Caiçara - RS. The physicochemical and microbiological analyzes were performed between September 2017 and March 2018 in three rural properties, in addition to macroscopic evaluation. According to the results obtained, variables such as nitrate, total iron, pH, apparent color and turbidity are in disagreement with the water potability legislation, Consolidation Ordinance No. 5 (2007). In addition, all water samples showed total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The conservation of shallow wells was rated as reasonable or poor. From the monitoring carried out, environmental changes can be noticed, such as the lack of protection in the place and the degradation of the vegetation caused mainly by the inadequate use and occupation of the soil. This reflects the microbiological variables that contaminate drinking water, causing potential health problems for residents of the properties. These characteristics point to the importance of actions to protect and preserve water sources, not disrespecting the socioeconomic aspects of the region, based on incentives and instructions to landowners who have shallow wells for human consumption.
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Shao, Xin Peng, Hui Ji, Bao Lin Guo, Zong Guang Sun y Jian Fei Mao. "Monitoring of Concrete Durability and Application in Qingdao Bay Bridge". Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (septiembre de 2011): 1205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.1205.
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The life of concrete structure located in complex environment depends largely on the durability of concrete. The various environmental corrosive effects are the key factor to reduce the durability of concrete structures. The studies on corrosion mechanism and detecting/monitoring technology are carried out in the world, and achieved important results. Since the 90's of last century, corrosion monitoring system for concrete structure has been put into engineering practice in the world, and the technology has been being mature. Qingdao Bay Bridge is located in the special marine environment, so corrosion is the main factor affecting the durability of the bridge. Durability monitoring is one of important aspects of the structure health monitoring and maintenance management system of the Bay Bridge. By corrosion monitoring, the critical data of concrete durability and strength degradation of the structure can be obtained. It is very significant for understanding the evolvement law of the durability, developing anti-corrosion measures, and extending the life of the bridge.
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Zdarta, Agata, Amanda Pacholak, Marta Galikowska, Wojciech Smułek y Ewa Kaczorek. "Butylbenzene and tert-Butylbenzene—Sorption on Sand Particles and Biodegradation in the Presence of Plant Natural Surfactants". Toxins 10, n.º 9 (22 de agosto de 2018): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10090338.
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The effects of hydrocarbons sorption on sand and saponins presence in the system on butylbenzene and tert-butylbenzene biological degradation was investigated. Additionally, the impact of saponins-containing plant extracts on environmental microorganisms was studied. Results of cell surface property measurements in samples with saponins only revealed changes in cell surface hydrophobicity, electrokinetic potential and membrane permeability when compared to corresponding values for glucose-grown microbes. Subsequently, in sorption experiments, the hydrocarbon adsorption kinetics in bacteria-free samples were better explained with the pseudo-second order kinetic model as compared to the pseudo-first order and intraparticular diffusion models. Moreover, the equilibrium data fitted better to the Freundlich isotherm for both benzene derivatives. In the samples combining hydrocarbons sorption and biological degradation in the presence of saponins, alkane-substituted hydrocarbons removal was accelerated from 40% to 90% after 14 days and the best surfactant in this aspect was S. officinalis extract.
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Singh, Anupama y Papia Raj. "Sustainable recycling model for municipal solid waste in Patna". Energy & Environment 30, n.º 2 (13 de julio de 2018): 212–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18787335.
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Sustainable development is a major concern for developing nations as they strive to preserve their ecological balance along with economic growth. It has been noticed that economic growth results in environmental degradation as it influences lifestyle practices and leads to increased consumption of goods thus generating the large volume of municipal solid waste. Patna, the capital city of Bihar, is an ideal example of this condition. Here, central and local government and pollution committees fail to effectively tackle the large and increasing volume of municipal solid waste. Such scenario of municipal solid waste management in the city can cause serious health hazards, environmental degradation, and ecological destruction. Recycling the inorganic fraction of municipal solid waste can reduce the threat. In the present study, based on an extensive literature review propose a theoretical sustainable recycling model for Patna. This model is based on the similitudes in the recommendations required to attain ‘sustainable development’ and ‘sustainable recycling’. Sustainable recycling model has six gears drive by various variables. Each gear has been tested for its existence in Patna. As a result, ‘social aspect gear drive by three variables in sustainable recycling model is public health; public awareness; health of workers involves in recycling’ shows complete non-existence behaviour. Hence, a survey ( n = 127) has been performed to evaluate the success factors for social aspect gear existence in sustainable recycling model. Multivariate statistical analysis has been executed the comparison of respondents’ perception on success factors and success factor groups affecting sustainable recycling of municipal solid waste in Patna. The study contends that if the proposed model has been successfully applied, then the problem of municipal solid waste can be effectively addressed.
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Mishra, Ajai y Vinay Kumar Pandey. "Quantitative environmental impact assessment of the Open cast mining in Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 5, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2013): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v5i2.333.
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The district Sonbhadra, previously a part of Mirzapur district in Uttar Pradesh, India, was created as a separate district in 1991.Geologically the area consists of Vindhyan supergroup, Mahakoshal group and Dudhi granitoid complex.The district Sonbhadra has rich mineral resources and their potential. The area is known for production of cement grade Limestone and Dolomite; the other minerals are Clay, Calcite, Silimanite and base metals for more than last three decades. These mining areas show impacts on the environmental status of the district. In the present study, the different mining and environmental parameters have been considered for analysing the environmental impact assessment (EIA). A matrix method has been used to delineate the quantitative EIA in the area. Finally, the resulted assessment impact value index (-2861.76), shows significant impact on environment such as degradation of forest land, air contamination due to mining dust, water quality and related health aspect of the area. Thus, major environmental control measures should be taken for sustainable development of the study area such as improvement of mining equipments, proper dumping of the mining waste and large scale plantation.
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Rasnan, Mohammad Izzat, Ahmad Fariz Mohamed, Choo Ta Goh y Kohei Watanabe. "Sustainable E-Waste Management in Asia: Analysis of Practices in Japan, Taiwan and Malaysia". Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 18, n.º 04 (diciembre de 2016): 1650023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s146433321650023x.
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The seriousness of e-waste problem is down to three realities: exponential increase in total amount, environmental degradation and health complications. A call for sustainable e-waste management is no longer a utopian ambition but an absolute necessity. In accordance to that, this study aims to evaluate e-waste management practices in three Asian countries: Japan, Taiwan, and Malaysia, and consequently propose recommendations and insights for Malaysia on how to manage e-waste in a sustainable manner. The comparative analysis is conducted based on three central aspects comprising governance, infrastructure, and stakeholders’ participation. The outcome of this study indicates that e-waste management needs to be initiated by comprehensive regulations that are focussed on proper e-waste handling and stakeholders’ accountability. Besides, it has to be accompanied by robust infrastructure where appropriate mechanisms and effective enforcement are taking place. Finally, active participation from relevant stakeholders through involvement, support and compliance is crucial. On the whole, developing a sustainable e-waste management system is not an easy endeavour; it requires sufficient effort, capital, and time while complemented with continuous improvement.
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Murphy, Brian y Peter Fogarty. "Application of the Soil Security Concept to Two Contrasting Soil Landscape Systems—Implications for Soil Capability and Sustainable Land Management". Sustainability 11, n.º 20 (16 de octubre de 2019): 5706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205706.
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Soil security identifies global challenges and a series of dimensions that are necessary requirements to meet those global challenges using sustainable land management. The soil security concept is applied to two contrasting soil landscape systems with varying climate, landform and soil types. Previous methodologies for assessing land and soil capability are combined within the soil security conceptual approach. The land and soil capability methodologies are used to assess how the soil condition changes in response to the stresses and forcing associated with land management and land and soil degradation processes. It is the soil capability that defines how the soil condition changes between the reference state of the soil condition, or the genoform, and the soil condition under land use, or the phenoform. The conclusion is that soil capability, which is one of the dimensions used to apply the soil security concept, is a complex dimension and has several aspects or further facets to be considered to achieve sustainable land management. It is apparent that in assessing soil capability, the following facets are relevant. I: The capacity of the soil to provide ecosystem services to meet the global challenges outlined for Soil Security. II: The stability of the soil condition to land degradation processes resulting from the effects of land management practices and the environmental stresses on the soil. III: The capacity to recover following degradation. Facets II and III can be considered the resilience. An important conclusion is that the soil capability cannot be assessed without taking into account features of the landscape including climate and landform. Two examples from south eastern Australia of the application of these facets of soil capability to on-ground situations are presented. The Cowra Trough Red Soils in the Australian wheat belt are a set of soils, primarily contributing to meeting the global challenge of food security. The major degradation processes threatening the stability of these soils are water erosion and soil acidification. The Kosciusko National Park in the Snowy Mountains region is primarily contributing to meeting the challenges of water security for the irrigation industry in the Murray Darling Basins and energy security through the production of hydroelectricity. The set of soil landscapes also contributes to biodiversity protection and human health and well-being. The major degradation processes threatening the stability of these soils and their capacity to meet the global challenges are water and wind erosion. A major limitation is the poor capacity of these soils to recover once degraded. Identifying the main ecosystem services provided by the two examples, together with the major risks of land degradation can clarify extension, economic and policy aspects of sustainable land management for the two sets of soil landscapes. For the Cowra Trough Red Soils, management of water erosion and soil acidification are essential for maintaining the contribution of the area to food security. For the Kosciusko National Park, the control of water and wind erosion are essential to maintain the contribution of the area to water and energy security.
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Myers, Norman. "Population, Environment, and Development". Environmental Conservation 20, n.º 3 (1993): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900022980.
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We face major and intimately interlinked problems of population, environment, and development. They are so profound and pervasive that they surely represent a uniquescale challenge for Humankind. The issues and policy responses will preoccupy the best understanding on the part of political leaders and scientists alike during the planning process leading up to the United Nations Conference on Population and Development which is to be held in Cairo from 5–13 September 1994.Scientific aspects are to be addressed at an earlier conference that is to be attended by representatives of some 80 of the world's academies in New Delhi in late October 1993. The present paper reviews the principal factors and analyses relating to the three problems, with emphasis upon their interactive relationships. It concludes with an extended list of strategies to reduce both population growth and environmental degradation—twin challenges to be tackled within a framework of sustainable development, to which both will make critical contributions.
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Malik, Reetu, Jyoti Rathi, Deeksha Manchanda, Manish Makhija, Deepshikha Kushwaha, Prashant Katiyar, Deepak Kaushik, Pawan Jalwal, Parijat Pandey y Deepika Purohit. "Nanoceuticals as an Emerging Field: Current Status and Future Prospective". Current Nutrition & Food Science 17, n.º 7 (12 de agosto de 2021): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401317666210203121229.
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Background: The safety and quality of food have been a matter of great discussion throughout the centuries and the application of nanotechnology in the field of nutraceuticals i.e. nanoceuticals has improved the variety and protection of food products in many ways. Objective: Improving the quality and safety of the food products with a view to improve public health and the invasion of nanotechnological advancements in the area of nutrition has resulted in the expansion of novel foods with improved oral bioavailability as well as thermal stability. The main objective of this review is to summarize available literature on nanoceuticals including patents and clinical trials. Method: The review was extracted from the searches performed at PubMed, Google Patents and Google Scholars, etc. Data from these searches was collected and evaluated for getting the information about the available literature on the nanoceuticals. Along with this, some reported patents have also been included in this review in order to conclude the future of nanoceuticals. Result: The literature so obtained was studied thoroughly as per the requirement of the objective of this review. The details of nanoceuticals including major applications, regulatory aspects, some reported patents and clinical trials are compiled here in this review. Nanoceuticals like vitamins, antibiotics, bioactive peptides, probiotics, etc., which are dispersed, absorbed or incorporated in nano diameter range sacs, have improved solubility, delivery properties, biological activities, protection against degradation and therefore have improved biological activities and delivery to the target cells and tissues in the body. Different regulations from various countries recommend that any food ingredients which result from the use of nanotechnologies must undergo safety risk assessment standards before entering into the market as nano-food. Conclusion: The idea of “nanoceuticals” is increasing enthusiasm and marketable dairy/food and food supplements. This article focuses on the history, applications, regulation aspects, patents, clinical trials and future prospects of nanoceuticals.
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Bachmann, Felicitas. "Potential and limitations of organic and fair trade cotton for improving livelihoods of smallholders: evidence from Central Asia". Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 27, n.º 2 (23 de mayo de 2011): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170511000202.
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AbstractCotton is a leading agricultural non-food commodity associated with soil degradation, water pollution and pesticide poisoning due to high levels of agrochemical inputs. Organic farming is often promoted as a means of addressing the economic, environmental and health risks of conventional cotton production, and it is slowly gaining ground in the global cotton market. Organic and fair trade cotton are widely seen as opportunities for smallholder farmers to improve their livelihoods thanks to higher returns, lower input costs and fewer risks. Despite an increasing number of studies comparing the profitability of organic and non-organic farming systems in developing and industrialized countries, little has been published on organic farming in Central Asia. The aim of this article is to describe the economic performance and perceived social and environmental impacts of organic cotton in southern Kyrgyzstan, drawing on a comparative field study conducted by the author in 2009. In addition to economic and environmental aspects, the study investigated farmers’ motivations toward and assessment of conversion to organic farming. Cotton yields on organic farms were found to be 10% lower, while input costs per unit were 42% lower; as a result, organic farmers’ cotton revenues were 20% higher. Due to lower input costs as well as organic and fair trade price premiums, the average gross margin from organic cotton was 27% higher. In addition to direct economic benefits, organic farmers enjoy other benefits, such as easy access to credit on favorable terms, provision of uncontaminated cottonseed cooking oil and cottonseed cake as animal feed, and marketing support as well as extension and training services provided by newly established organic service providers. The majority of organic farmers perceive improved soil quality, improved health conditions, and positively assess their initial decision to convert to organic farming. The major disadvantage of organic farming is the high manual labor input required. In the study area, where manual farm work is mainly women's work and male labor migration is widespread, women are most affected by this negative aspect of organic farming. Altogether, the results suggest that, despite the inconvenience of a higher workload, the advantages of organic farming outweigh its disadvantages and that conversion to organic farming improves the livelihoods of small-scale farmers.
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Sarkar, SK y MK Uddin. "Community based waste management and its utilization for sustainable environment". Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 42, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2013): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18506.
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The goal of this study of community based waste management and utilization was to reduce the major negative impact of environment and health hazards created by improperly managed waste mainly focusing on livestock production system of Bangladesh. The waste amounted 4,78,220 kg annually managed by the community contribute to significant role regarding human and livestock health, sanitation, economic as well as environmental aspects. In terms of economic, the Chadkarim community could earn net benefit of Tk. 2,70,146 in 2012 by selling waste by-products, major earnings come from 95,644 kg of organic fertilizer producing amounting Tk. 1,37,546 The global environmental perspective is to reduce livestock-induced, land-based pollution and environmental degradation. One of the major costs of running an agricultural farm can include buying nitrogen in the form of anhydrous ammonia to fertilize crops. But there are other agricultural costs associated with nitrogen, especially when the nitrogen in livestock waste produces pungent and potentially harmful ammonia emissions. To get expected production and to trap optimum socio-economic benefit from livestock rearing, waste must be managed in proper ways through a community based biogas producing approach of waste management to have sustainable environment. During one year community managed 4,78,220 kg degradable waste and produced about 17,216 m3 of biogas and utilized that gas for cooking and electricity generation. The notable benefits come from womens saved time and money. The 200 households at the community in one year have saved 15,881 working days through reduced time required for managing of fuel and cooking purposes. Most of the saved time is being utilized for household tasks and for education of the children. This is one of the greatest contribution to the nation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18506 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 165-173
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Milanović, Tijana, Zdravka Petković y Gordana Stojmenović. "THE IMPORTANCE AND THE ROLE OF INTRODUCTION OF ECOLOGICAL ACCOUNTING IN THE FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION". Knowledge International Journal 28, n.º 1 (10 de diciembre de 2018): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2801171m.
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More and more global warming, ozone depletion and loss of biodiversity have contributed to raising awareness of the need to implement measures that enable sustainable development, so that different pillars of society find a balance between economic growth and social interest in preserving a healthy environment. The environmental impacts of the company have led to the strengthening of environmental demands by society and the incorporation of various management tools into the environmental management process. In order to properly address the issue of environmental protection, a so-called environmental management system is required, which carries out an important part of the information systems management system in an integrated form, together with another accounting information system. Ecological accounting is an important tool for understanding the role of the natural environment in the economy. Environmental accounts provide data that highlight the contribution of natural resources to economic well-being and the costs of imposed pollution or resource degradation. The use of accounting in the environment is necessary with more aspects on various issues, such as cost estimates, investment analysis and strategic decision-making. Companies, which are important subjects of economic activity, play the main roles in economic activities. Therefore, a clear introduction of the goal of preserving the environment in every activity activity becomes a strong motivating force for the structural transformation of this economic society. This paper will present a brief overview of the history, concept, division, role, significance and contributions of ecological accounting, and the importance and necessity of introducing ecological accounting in enterprises.Given the financial implications that environmental impacts can have on the business of the company, this paper aims to point out the role and significance of environmental accounting and the environmental management process.
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Das, Ipsita, Jessica J. Lewis, Ramona Ludolph, Melanie Bertram, Heather Adair-Rohani y Marc Jeuland. "The benefits of action to reduce household air pollution (BAR-HAP) model: A new decision support tool". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 1 (22 de enero de 2021): e0245729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245729.
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Cooking with polluting and inefficient fuels and technologies is responsible for a large set of global harms, ranging from health and time losses among the billions of people who are energy poor, to environmental degradation at a regional and global scale. This paper presents a new decision-support model–the BAR-HAP Tool–that is aimed at guiding planning of policy interventions to accelerate transitions towards cleaner cooking fuels and technologies. The conceptual model behind BAR-HAP lies in a framework of costs and benefits that is holistic and comprehensive, allows consideration of multiple policy interventions (subsidies, financing, bans, and behavior change communication), and realistically accounts for partial adoption and use of improved cooking technology. It incorporates evidence from recent efforts to characterize the relevant set of parameters that determine those costs and benefits, including those related to intervention effectiveness. Practical aspects of the tool were modified based on feedback from a pilot testing workshop with multisectoral users in Nepal. To demonstrate the functionality of the BAR-HAP tool, we present illustrative calculations related to several cooking transitions in the context of Nepal. In accounting for the multifaceted nature of the issue of household air pollution, the BAR-HAP model is expected to facilitate cross-sector dialogue and problem-solving to address this major health, environment and development challenge.
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Massabni, Antonio Carlos y Oreonnilda De Souza. "Biotechnology applied for sustainable development: social responsibility in the Industry 4.0". International Journal of Advances in Medical Biotechnology - IJAMB 2, n.º 2 (3 de agosto de 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25061/2595-3931/ijamb/2019.v2i2.38.
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This research was conducted from a review of bibliographic content on Biotechnology, sustainable development, social responsibility and Industry 4.0. The goal endows the understanding of the role of Biotechnology as a science in sustainable development in this historical phase experienced by humanity, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, verifying what would be the social responsibility of Industry 4.0 in this context. Dialectical and historical methods were used to systematize the obtained data. The importance of maintaining the environmental balance through sustainable practices in the daily life of Industry 4.0 has been demonstrated to comply with the constitutional principle of the social function of property. However, in order to achieve sustainable development, the economic and social aspects, besides the environmental, must be considered. The relevance of Biotechnology in this process has been proven as a driving force for sustainable development. It is hoped with this research to mobilize the academic community and the society in the fight against environmental degradation, bringing knowledge about the role of Biotechnology in this process, in the context of Industry 4.0, and demonstrating the need for companies, professionals and governments to adapt to this new and unknown reality in order to face the problems that are already emerging, always taking into consideration the protection of human rights, especially the healthy and balanced environment, safety, life and dignity of the human person.
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Azevedo Lopes, Frederico Wagner y Cláudio Roberto De Jesus. "Lazer e balneabilidade: uma abordagem histórica sobre o uso recreacional das águas na sociedade / Leisure and water quality for recreational use: a historical overview of water contact recreation use in society". Caderno de Geografia 27, n.º 50 (3 de agosto de 2017): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2017v27n50p557.
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<p>Apesar da importância social e econômica do uso recreacional das águas para a sociedade, os espaços disponíveis para a referida prática estão cada vez mais escassos devido à redução dos ambientes naturais, especialmente em áreas urbanas. Além disso, aqueles restantes são ameaçados por fontes de poluição diversas, expondo os usuários aos riscos do contato com águas contaminadas. Especificamente no caso de países tropicais, como o Brasil, constata-se uma precariedade de programas de monitoramento e gestão de balneabilidade em águas doces, cuja atual metodologia está limitada a critérios que não permitem uma avaliação ampla do uso recreacional, desconsiderando aspectos estéticos e fatores de riscos físicos. Deste modo, este trabalho visa levantar e discutir aspectos relacionados à importância histórica do uso recreacional das águas ao longo do desenvolvimento da sociedade, haja vista a reconhecida relevância como um dos usos mais nobres das águas e cada vez mais ameaçado pela degradação ambiental.</p><p><strong>Palavras–chave:</strong> Lazer, balneabilidade, riscos à saúde humana.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>Despite the social and economic importance of the recreational use of waters for society, the available spaces for this practice are increasingly scarce due to the reduction of natural environments, especially in urban áreas. In addition, those remaining are threatened by several sources of pollution, exposing users to the risk of contact with contaminated water. Specifically in tropical countries, such as Brazil, there is a lack of programs for monitoring and management of recreatonal water use in freshwaters, whose current methodology is limited to criteria that do not allow a wide evaluation of recreational use, disregarding aesthetic aspects and physical risk factors. Thus, this work aims to raise and discuss aspects related to the historical importance of the recreational use of water throughout the development of society, given the recognized relevance as one of the noblest uses of water and increasingly threatened by environmental degradation.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Leisure, water quality for recreational use, human health risks.</p>
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Czaja, Monika, Anna Kołton y Piotr Muras. "The Complex Issue of Urban Trees—Stress Factor Accumulation and Ecological Service Possibilities". Forests 11, n.º 9 (26 de agosto de 2020): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090932.
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This review paper is the first that summarizes many aspects of the ecological role of trees in urban landscapes while considering their growth conditions. Research Highlights are: (i) Plant growth conditions in cities are worsening due to high urbanization rates and new stress factors; (ii) Urban trees are capable of alleviating the stress factors they are exposed to; (iii) The size and vitality of trees is related to the ecological services they can provide. Our review shows, in a clear way, that the phenomenon of human-related environmental degradation, which generates urban tree stress, can be effectively alleviated by the presence of trees. The first section reviews concerns related to urban environment degradation and its influence on trees. Intense urbanization affects the environment of plants, raising the mortality rate of urban trees. The second part deals with the dieback of city trees, its causes and scale. The average life expectancy of urban trees is relatively low and depends on factors such as the specific location, proper care and community involvement, among others. The third part concerns the ecological and economic advantages of trees in the city structure. Trees affect citizen safety and health, but also improve the soil and air environment. Finally, we present the drawbacks of tree planting and discuss if they are caused by the tree itself or rather by improper tree management. We collect the latest reports on the complicated state of urban trees, presenting new insights on the complex issue of trees situated in cities, struggling with stress factors. These stressors have evolved over the decades and emphasize the importance of tree presence in the city structure.