Tesis sobre el tema "Entretien – Prise de décision"
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Huynh, Khac Tuan. "Qualification de l'apport de l'information de surveillance dans la prise de décision en maintenance". Troyes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TROY0013.
Texto completoCondition and health monitoring can bring out useful information for the maintenance decision-making but few models allow their integration in the decision process. This thesis aims to construct new probabilistic quantitative models to evaluate the value of this kins of information depending on ith quality and on the nature of the observed variables. The proposed stochastic failure and measurement models take account the degradation/failure sensor data, the impact of operational environment on the degradation, as well as the nature of control techniques. Based on these models, we propose different maintenance policies and we develop the associated cost model to study the best methods for the exploitation of monitoring information. The studies in this thesis show the advantage of developing quantitative maintenance decision framework which allows integrating and evaluating the impact of condition monitoring information on the performance of maintenance operations
Kaffel, Hédi. "La maintenance distribuée : concept, évaluation et mise en oeuvre". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66689.pdf.
Texto completoLe, Son Khanh. "Modélisation probabiliste du pronostic : application à un cas d'étude et à la prise de décision en maintenance". Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0035.
Texto completoRemaining useful life (RUL) estimation is a major scientific challenge and a principal topic in the scientific community which takes an interest to prognosis problems. The use of tools and methods collected under the terms of prognostic is widely developed in many domains as aerospace industry, electronics, medicine, etc. The common underlying problem is the implementation of models which can take into account on-line the data histories of system and its environment, the diagnosis on its current state and possibly the future operational conditions for predicting the residual lifetime. In this context, the principal problem of our works is the use of probabilistic approaches (type of non-stationary stochastic process) to construct the innovatory prognostic models from a degradation indicator of system and to use the residual lifetime prediction for maintenance implementation. The advantage of these models is to have the regularity proprieties which make easy the probability calculation and RUL estimation. In order to test the performances of our models, a comparative study is carried out on the data provided by the 2008 IEEE Prognostic and Health Management (PHM)
Huynh, Khac Tuan. "Quantification de l'apport de l'information de surveillance dans la prise de décision en maintenance". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788661.
Texto completoThomas, Edouard. "Contribution à la prise de décision dynamique en maintenance prévisionnelle par formalisation d'un principe d'opportunité". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420000.
Texto completoCes nouvelles formes de maintenance posent de nombreux défis scientifiques et industriels, dont certains sont étudiés dans les présents travaux : Quel est le " meilleur " instant pour réaliser une intervention de maintenance préventive donnée ? Comment regrouper deux actions de maintenance préventive ? Qu'est-ce qu'une opportunité pour la maintenance ?
Les réponses à ces questions mobilisent des outils mathématiques variés, allant de l'algorithme de Bruss en analyse stochastique aux relations d'équivalence en algèbre.
Enfin, une application industrielle sur la plateforme TELMA est présentée.
Fortin, Jean-Sébastien. "Optimisation des investissements sur les ponts par la méthode coûts-avantages : valorisation des revenus et du modèle de détérioration". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28153.
Texto completoThis study extends the existing literature on Bridge Management Systems (BMS) by developing a decision-making program to optimize bridge rehabilitations. This decision-making tool analyses the net present value to consider the optimal moment to repair a bridge. It highlights wealth creation by the maintenance of an efficient road network. Moreover, it allows the study of uncertainty on several parameters, such as financial values of inflation and interest rates as well as the evolution of traffic flow. The ability of the decision-making tool to verify the impact of several variables and the deterioration model currently used by the ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports is compared to two other models; a Markovian model and a stochastic model developed under this study. This project breaks new ground by considering the revenue generated by the bridge’s efficiency. It also considers uncertainty on several parameters, such as financial values of inflation and interest rate, and the evolution of traffic flow. Considering the recent establishment of the management system used by the ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports, this study is based on several assumptions. The life span of the bridge is limited to 100 years, degradation and repairs can only be done every 5 years, a single repair can be made over the bridge lifespan and the bridge condition is represented by only a few bridge components (elements). The study highlights the importance of considering variability on the deterioration of an element/bridge, interest rates and, to a lesser extent, inflation based on the ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports data and using a probabilistic analysis of 20,000 simulations. Thus, when the bridge is only represented by its reinforced concrete deck and using the deterministic deterioration approach, a repair between 25 and 30 years is appropriate. A rather low interest rate can even push this choice to 35 years. This choice is very broad with the Markovian approach considering the high probabilities of keeping the bridge in good condition. Finally, the stochastic approach favors repair between 20 and 35 years depending on the speed of deterioration. This choice may again change slightly with the addition of both a variable interest rate and a variable inflation rate. When a reinforced concrete deck and steel beams are considered to represent the entire bridge, the deterministic approach suggests a 25-year repair for the reinforced concrete deck and a 30-year repair for the steel beams. Stochastic financial parameters can affect this choice, making an optimal repair of 25 to 35 years possible for both elements. The optimal moments of repair are very spread out for the Markovian approach considering the high probabilities of maintaining the elements in good condition. Finally, the stochastic approach proposes a repair between 20 and 35 years for the reinforced concrete deck and between 15 and 40 years for the steel beams. These repairs are slightly affected by the addition of a variable interest rate and inflation rate as well. An in-depth analysis shows the impact that several parameters have on the model considered. These parameters include: the transition matrix, the state penalty, the variability of the matrix for stochastic deterioration, and the addition of a simultaneous repair advantage. A change in the transition matrix mainly has an impact on the volatility of the results, whereas a modification on the state penalty shifts the optimal repair time distribution for Markovian and stochastic deteriorations. The variability of the matrix for stochastic deterioration directly affects the volatility of the optimal repair time. For example, the lower the percentage of variation of the matrix, the more the optimal repair moments will be concentrated (or fixed). Finally, the implementation of a simultaneous repair benefit mainly has an impact when the optimal repair time is within 10 years of a simultaneous repair. For a deterministic deterioration, a reduction in costs of 3.72% is sufficient to reconcile repair dates to 30 years, the bridge being repair at 25 years without this benefit. However, this advantage has little impact on Markovian deterioration due to the wide distribution of optimal repair times but a considerable impact on stochastic deterioration, with the majority of repairs occurring within a range of 15 to 40 years.
Cette étude a pour but de contribuer à l’avancement des connaissances dans le domaine des systèmes de gestion de ponts (Bridge Management System (BMS)) par le développement d’un outil décisionnel pour optimiser les réparations sur les ponts. Cet outil décisionnel se base sur la valeur actualisée nette pour considérer le moment optimal de réparation. Il met ainsi à l’avant-plan la création de richesse permise par un réseau routier efficace. De plus, il permet d’étudier l’incertitude sur plusieurs variables, soit les valeurs financières d’inflation et d’actualisation, ainsi que l’évolution du débit routier. La flexibilité de l’outil décisionnel permet de vérifier l’impact de plusieurs variables. Ainsi, le modèle de détérioration présentement utilisée par le ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports du Québec est comparé à deux autres modèles, soit un modèle markovien basé sur la théorie des chaînes de Markov et un modèle stochastique développé dans le cadre de cette étude. Le projet innove en considérant les revenus générés par un pont et l’incertitude sur les variables futures de détérioration d’éléments de ponts, d’inflation et d’actualisation, ainsi que celles relatives à l’évolution du débit routier. Considérant la récente implantation du système de gestion du ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports, cette étude se base sur plusieurs hypothèses. Pour cette étude, la durée de vie maximale du pont est établie à 100 ans, la dégradation et la réparation d’un ouvrage est analysée aux 5 ans et une seule réparation majeure peut être effectuée sur la durée de vie. De plus, cette réparation permet de remettre le pont dans son état initial (neuf) et la détérioration de quelques éléments principaux (la dalle en béton armé et les poutres d’acier) du pont représente la détérioration globale de la structure. En se basant sur les données du ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports et à l’aide d’une analyse probabiliste de 20 000 simulations, l’étude met en évidence l’importance de considérer la variabilité sur la détérioration d’un élément/pont, sur le taux d’intérêt et dans une moindre mesure, l’inflation. Ainsi, lorsque seul l’état de la dalle représente l’état global du pont et en utilisant l’approche déterministe, une réparation entre 25 et 30 ans est appropriée. Un taux d’intérêt plutôt faible peut même repousser ce choix à 35 ans. Le choix de date optimale de réparation est très étalé avec l’approche markovienne considérant les probabilités élevées de maintien du pont en bon état. Finalement, l’approche stochastique favorise une réparation entre 20 et 35 ans selon la rapidité de la détérioration. Ce choix peut encore une fois changer légèrement avec l’ajout de taux d’intérêt et d’inflation variables. Lorsque seul l’état de la dalle et des poutres est considéré représenter l’état de l’ensemble du pont, l’approche déterministe propose une réparation à 25 ans pour le dalle en béton armé et une réparation à 30 ans pour les poutres en acier. Les paramètres financiers stochastiques peuvent affecter ce choix rendant possible une réparation optimale de 25 à 35 ans pour les deux types d’éléments. Les moments optimaux de réparation sont très étalés pour l’approche markovienne considérant les probabilités élevées de maintien des éléments en bon état. Finalement, l’approche stochastique propose une réparation entre 20 et 35 ans pour le dalle en béton armé et entre 15 et 40 ans pour les poutres en acier. Ces moments de réparations sont aussi affectés légèrement par l’ajout d’un taux d’intérêt et d’inflation variables. Une analyse de sensibilité permet de considérer l’impact de plusieurs paramètres du modèle considéré, soit la matrice de transition, la pénalité d’état, la variabilité de la matrice pour une détérioration stochastique et l’ajout d’un avantage de réparation simultanée à deux éléments. Une modification de la matrice de transition a surtout un impact sur la volatilité des résultats, alors qu’une modification sur la pénalité d’état crée une translation sur la distribution du moment optimal de réparation pour une détérioration de type markovienne et stochastique. La variabilité de la matrice pour une détérioration stochastique a directement un impact sur la volatilité du moment optimal de réparation. Plus le pourcentage de variation de la matrice est faible, plus les moments optimaux de réparation seront concentrés (plage moins étendue). Finalement, s’il est considéré que la réparation simultanée de deux éléments coûte moins cher que lorsque ces deux éléments sont réparés à des dates différentes (avantage de réparation simultanée de deux éléments plutôt que deux réparations distinctes), il y alors un impact sur le moment optimal de réparation. Cet effet est principalement perceptible lorsque les dates de réparation optimales sont séparées de moins de 10 ans. Pour une détérioration déterministe, il suffit que la réparation simultanée coûte de 3,72% de moins que deux réparations distinctes pour favoriser de réparer les deux éléments simultanément à 30 ans, la dalle étant réparée à 25 ans sans avantage (réduction des coût) de réparation simultanée. Cependant, un avantage de réparation simultanée a peu d’impact sur le moment optimal de réparation lorsque la détérioration se base sur un modèle markovien en raison de la grande répartition des moments optimaux de réparation. Enfin, l’avantage de réparation simultanée a un impact considérable pour une détérioration stochastique, la majorité des réparations se produisant entre 15 et 40 ans.
Cette étude a pour but de contribuer à l’avancement des connaissances dans le domaine des systèmes de gestion de ponts (Bridge Management System (BMS)) par le développement d’un outil décisionnel pour optimiser les réparations sur les ponts. Cet outil décisionnel se base sur la valeur actualisée nette pour considérer le moment optimal de réparation. Il met ainsi à l’avant-plan la création de richesse permise par un réseau routier efficace. De plus, il permet d’étudier l’incertitude sur plusieurs variables, soit les valeurs financières d’inflation et d’actualisation, ainsi que l’évolution du débit routier. La flexibilité de l’outil décisionnel permet de vérifier l’impact de plusieurs variables. Ainsi, le modèle de détérioration présentement utilisée par le ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports du Québec est comparé à deux autres modèles, soit un modèle markovien basé sur la théorie des chaînes de Markov et un modèle stochastique développé dans le cadre de cette étude. Le projet innove en considérant les revenus générés par un pont et l’incertitude sur les variables futures de détérioration d’éléments de ponts, d’inflation et d’actualisation, ainsi que celles relatives à l’évolution du débit routier. Considérant la récente implantation du système de gestion du ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports, cette étude se base sur plusieurs hypothèses. Pour cette étude, la durée de vie maximale du pont est établie à 100 ans, la dégradation et la réparation d’un ouvrage est analysée aux 5 ans et une seule réparation majeure peut être effectuée sur la durée de vie. De plus, cette réparation permet de remettre le pont dans son état initial (neuf) et la détérioration de quelques éléments principaux (la dalle en béton armé et les poutres d’acier) du pont représente la détérioration globale de la structure. En se basant sur les données du ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports et à l’aide d’une analyse probabiliste de 20 000 simulations, l’étude met en évidence l’importance de considérer la variabilité sur la détérioration d’un élément/pont, sur le taux d’intérêt et dans une moindre mesure, l’inflation. Ainsi, lorsque seul l’état de la dalle représente l’état global du pont et en utilisant l’approche déterministe, une réparation entre 25 et 30 ans est appropriée. Un taux d’intérêt plutôt faible peut même repousser ce choix à 35 ans. Le choix de date optimale de réparation est très étalé avec l’approche markovienne considérant les probabilités élevées de maintien du pont en bon état. Finalement, l’approche stochastique favorise une réparation entre 20 et 35 ans selon la rapidité de la détérioration. Ce choix peut encore une fois changer légèrement avec l’ajout de taux d’intérêt et d’inflation variables. Lorsque seul l’état de la dalle et des poutres est considéré représenter l’état de l’ensemble du pont, l’approche déterministe propose une réparation à 25 ans pour le dalle en béton armé et une réparation à 30 ans pour les poutres en acier. Les paramètres financiers stochastiques peuvent affecter ce choix rendant possible une réparation optimale de 25 à 35 ans pour les deux types d’éléments. Les moments optimaux de réparation sont très étalés pour l’approche markovienne considérant les probabilités élevées de maintien des éléments en bon état. Finalement, l’approche stochastique propose une réparation entre 20 et 35 ans pour le dalle en béton armé et entre 15 et 40 ans pour les poutres en acier. Ces moments de réparations sont aussi affectés légèrement par l’ajout d’un taux d’intérêt et d’inflation variables. Une analyse de sensibilité permet de considérer l’impact de plusieurs paramètres du modèle considéré, soit la matrice de transition, la pénalité d’état, la variabilité de la matrice pour une détérioration stochastique et l’ajout d’un avantage de réparation simultanée à deux éléments. Une modification de la matrice de transition a surtout un impact sur la volatilité des résultats, alors qu’une modification sur la pénalité d’état crée une translation sur la distribution du moment optimal de réparation pour une détérioration de type markovienne et stochastique. La variabilité de la matrice pour une détérioration stochastique a directement un impact sur la volatilité du moment optimal de réparation. Plus le pourcentage de variation de la matrice est faible, plus les moments optimaux de réparation seront concentrés (plage moins étendue). Finalement, s’il est considéré que la réparation simultanée de deux éléments coûte moins cher que lorsque ces deux éléments sont réparés à des dates différentes (avantage de réparation simultanée de deux éléments plutôt que deux réparations distinctes), il y alors un impact sur le moment optimal de réparation. Cet effet est principalement perceptible lorsque les dates de réparation optimales sont séparées de moins de 10 ans. Pour une détérioration déterministe, il suffit que la réparation simultanée coûte de 3,72% de moins que deux réparations distinctes pour favoriser de réparer les deux éléments simultanément à 30 ans, la dalle étant réparée à 25 ans sans avantage (réduction des coût) de réparation simultanée. Cependant, un avantage de réparation simultanée a peu d’impact sur le moment optimal de réparation lorsque la détérioration se base sur un modèle markovien en raison de la grande répartition des moments optimaux de réparation. Enfin, l’avantage de réparation simultanée a un impact considérable pour une détérioration stochastique, la majorité des réparations se produisant entre 15 et 40 ans.
De, bortoli Anne. "Pour un entretien routier durable : Prise en compte des conséquences de l’interaction chaussée-véhicule dans l’aide à la décision des politiques de resurfaçage – illustration par un cas autoroutier français". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1165.
Texto completoAs the principal conveyor of transportation, roads are a determinant of population well-being. Nevertheless, the budgets for the maintenance of public infrastructure keep on shrinking in most countries, along with the overall quality of road pavements. Literature has shown that a substantial surface deterioration leads to road vehicle overconsumption - in fuel, tires and suspension spare parts – with financial, macroeconomic, social and environmental impacts. Thus, considering road pavement-vehicle interactions is crucial to maintain roads in a sustainable way: we developed such a method to compare pavement resurfacing programs on a sustainable point of view for French intercity roads.First, an analytical then systemic approach led to an inventory of the stakeholders of road maintenance, and to develop indicators to quantify the impacts of different pavement overlay strategies on these stakeholders. The eleven indicators chosen to assess the sustainability of road maintenance are: the discounted expenses for the road manager; the discounted expenses and the time spent for the users; the road noise and health damages to local communities; the damages to non-renewable resources and to biodiversity for the environment; the national production and employment, the tax collection and the overall cost for the Nation.This assessment model is integrated, on the life-cycle. The calculation of indicators combines well-known methods used in other sectors and adapted to the studied subject: environmental life-cycle and life-cycle cost assessments, input-output analysis, financial and socioeconomic appraisals. We completed these methods with new data and statistical models about road maintenance techniques, environment, acoustics and economy. We sent a questionnaire to the managers of the different kinds of intercity roads in France to refine our models. Based on these answers with good representativeness, we built environmental Life Cycle Inventories and prices of road overlay techniques for the French market.We then applied this method to a ten-kilometer-long highway section in France to compare 5 scenarios of resurfacing, and highlighted few lessons learnt from this case study for sustainable highway maintenance programs. We first presented the studied road section – its characteristics, the current maintenance strategy of the manager – then explained the parametrization and scenario development to use the method, before analyzing and interpreting the results. The baseline scenario consisted in overlaying the road with 2.5 cm of hot mix asphalt every T=13 years period of time. Based on it, we quantified gains for the different stakeholders to change this period according to the following alternative scenarios: “Minimal Investment”: T=19.5 years; «50% Increased Investment »: T=9.8 years; « Ambitious Practices »: T=7.8 years; « Maximal investment »: T=5.7 years.An increased investment would lead to gains in terms of production, employment, environment (health, biodiversity, non-renewable resource consumption) and user expenses. Optima of public health return and user savings on maintenance investment have been spotted around +50% of investment compared to current practices: gains reach up to 700€ for local communities’ health and 4€ for users for each extra euro spent in road resurfacing program. On the contrary, rising the road maintenance investment entails losses in terms of tax incomes for the Nation, road manager expenses and time spent by users.Sensitivity analyses have also been conducted over three parameters: the traffic level, the resurfacing techniques and the speed of road surface deterioration. These analyses show that the more important traffic and speed of deterioration are, the higher environmental gains and users savings are. Moreover, environmental gains do not depend on road pavement materials: almost 100% of the environmental gains or losses come from the fuel consumption dependence on road surface condition
Marchet, Frédéric. "Culture(s) rugby(s) et prise de décision en jeu : de l'identité du club à l'activité du joueur". Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21256.
Texto completoIn this research, we offer to take au new look at the relationship between culture and personality under the new light of type and style, which combines the requirements of the collective and the possibility of a more personal expression. The method chosen provides us with two levels of analysis, a microsociological analysis and a psychological analysis, and is based on the verbalisation of the different stakeholders involved in rugby (chairman of the club, coach, players) within various clubs of the Aquitaine region of France. We show that the player's action is not the expression of an order but rather of a style within an environment characterized by generic constraints. As far as interventions are concerned, it is therefore recommended to favour the appropriation of socially accumultated technical types and to enhance the role of intersubjective development in expression sharing (before, during and after the game)
Abichou, Bouthaïna. "Contribution à la formalition de bilans/états de santé multi-niveaux d'un système pour aider à la prise de décision en maintenance : agrégation d'indicateurs par l'intégrale de Choquet". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0020.
Texto completoThis work is addressing the health assessment of a multi-component system by means of multi-levels health check-up. Thus scientific Ph. D. objective aims to establish items of a generic health check-up concept. It focuses specifically on the functions of anomaly detection, normalization and aggregation of different indicators to develop a synthetic index representing the overall health status for each element within the system. In that way, it is proposed a new approach for detecting conditional anomalies. This approach has the advantage of quantifying the deviation for each indicator compared to its nominal behavior while taking into account the context in which the system operates. An extension of the Choquet integral used as an operator aggregating indicators is also proposed. This extension regards on the one hand, a process of an unsupervised learning of the capacity coefficients for the lowest level of abstraction, namely components level, and on the other hand, an approach to inference them from one level to another. These contributions are implemented on a ship diesel engine which is the most critical system for the BMCI project of the MER-PACA pole to which this thesis is attached
Darghouth, Mohamed Noomane. "Decision models for new products sold with warranty and maintenance support under stable and dynamic market". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29487/29487.pdf.
Texto completoVu, Hai Canh. "Stratégies de regroupement pour la maintenance des systèmes à composants multiples avec structure complexe". Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0008/document.
Texto completoIn the recent decades, with a strong development of the global economy and new technologies, the structure of industrial systems is more and more complex. It can be a combination of elementary structures such as series structures, parallel structures, series-parallel structures, etc. In the literature, the most work focused on developing grouping strategies by considering series structures. This assumption is sometimes much penalized and limited the application of these strategies in reality. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to develop dynamic and stationary grouping strategies for the maintenance of multi-component systems with complex structure. These strategies have been developed for age-based models with non-negligible maintenance durations. In addition, dynamic conditions (dynamic context) such as maintenance opportunities, changes of the structure, etc., are considered and integrated into the maintenance scheduling.Our studies show the necessity and the difficulties of taking into account of the complex structure in the maintenance decisions. Numerical examples confirm the advantages of our maintenance strategies by comparing with other existing strategies in the literature
Guyot, Benoît. "Contribution à la modélisation prédictive des coûts de maintenance d'un turboréacteur en développement". Troyes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TROY0007.
Texto completoIn a highly competitive aeronautic market, where airlines companies aims at reducing their operating costs, taking into account maintenance costs becomes usual during material purchase. In order to integrate these criteria during early development phases, maintenance prediction models are built up and used. Nevertheless, performing such predictions is submitted to large uncertainties mainly due to the lacks of knowledge on the deterioration phenomenon related to such systems. This thesis develops a method for predicting maintenance performance metrics (costs and operations frequency), applied to turbofan engines, in order to take them into account during technological decision making processes. It aims at reducing uncertainties related to indevelopment modelling conditions. The proposed method relies on a standard mathematical model built up to estimate the deterioration of systems, functionally and technically comparable. Based on Bayesien Networks, this model allows representing the whole knowledge collected on operating mature systems. This model is then extended to maintenance, by integrating related variables and costs indicators. These two first objectives have been completely fulfilled during this three-year study which provides a standard computerized maintenance model of a turbofan engine. Future actions have to be performed in order to apply this model in the case of mature and in-development turbofan engines
Abichou, Bouthaïna. "Contribution à la formalition de bilans/états de santé multi-niveaux d'un système pour aider à la prise de décision en maintenance : agrégation d'indicateurs par l'intégrale de Choquet". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0020/document.
Texto completoThis work is addressing the health assessment of a multi-component system by means of multi-levels health check-up. Thus scientific Ph. D. objective aims to establish items of a generic health check-up concept. It focuses specifically on the functions of anomaly detection, normalization and aggregation of different indicators to develop a synthetic index representing the overall health status for each element within the system. In that way, it is proposed a new approach for detecting conditional anomalies. This approach has the advantage of quantifying the deviation for each indicator compared to its nominal behavior while taking into account the context in which the system operates. An extension of the Choquet integral used as an operator aggregating indicators is also proposed. This extension regards on the one hand, a process of an unsupervised learning of the capacity coefficients for the lowest level of abstraction, namely components level, and on the other hand, an approach to inference them from one level to another. These contributions are implemented on a ship diesel engine which is the most critical system for the BMCI project of the MER-PACA pole to which this thesis is attached
Vereschak, Oleksandra. "Understanding Human-AI Trust in the Context of Decision Making through the Lenses of Academia and Industry : Definitions, Factors, and Evaluation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS552.
Texto completoWith the rise of AI-embedded systems assisting decisions in the context of medicine, justice, recruiting, Human-AI trust has become an utmost design priority. Numerous governments and large enterprises as well as researchers propose various strategies on how to foster trust in AI-embedded systems. However, trust is a complex, multifaceted concept, and Human-AI trust, being a recent research avenue, faces several challenges. On the theoretical level, the difference between trust and other related theoretical concepts (e.g. reliance, compliance, and trustworthiness) needs to be understood as well as the factors affecting Human-AI trust. On the methodological level, trust is difficult to assess, and appropriate protocols have to be understood. In this thesis, I tackle these challenges empirically through two lenses - academia and industry. I first conduct a systematic literature review of empirical studies on Human-AI trust in the context of decision making to get an overview of how trust is defined and evaluated in academia. However, as most studies are focusing on users' trust investigated in the controlled lab setting with AI mock-ups, I go further to investigate to which extent these findings hold true for other stakeholders with AI-embedded systems deployed in the market. To do so, I conduct a series of semi-structured interviews on the topic of Human-AI trust definitions and evaluation with people who develop and design AI-embedded systems assisting decision making and with people who are affected by these decisions. I argue that theoretical understanding of Human-AI trust directly affects experimental protocol and measures choices. Drawing from the social sciences literature, I propose guidelines on improving experimental protocols for studying Human-AI trust in the context of decision making. I also demonstrate that discussing theoretical concepts, such as Human-AI trust, with laypeople of different backgrounds not only can validate the academic theories, but also potentially contribute to theoretical advancement. Lastly, I provide an overview of factors that can affect Human-AI trust in the context of decision making and, based on the comparison between the findings of academia and industry, I highlight research opportunities and design implications for academic researchers and AI practitioners. This thesis provides theoretical and empirical evidence on Human-AI trust in the context of decision making and opens the ways to support trust in Human-AI interaction
Robert, Elodie. "Gestion de l'état de santé de véhicules pour la maintenance de flotte : prise en compte des contraintes opérationnelles et optimisation conjointe des maintenances et des missions". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT098.
Texto completoThis thesis work deals with the problems of joint scheduling for maintenance operations and missions for industrial vehicle fleets. The aim is to develop a methodology to adapt the joint scheduling of maintenance and missions according to the vehicles health state but also according to the missions features. These features correspond to the conditions of usage severity that have a significant impact on the truck deterioration and must be taken into account to adapt at best the maintenance operations schedule according to the deterioration evolution. The implementation of a decision support methodology to manage a fleet would improve productivity and reduce the maintenance costs while making the most of the fleet capacity. However, the joint scheduling problem for a fleet is a complex problem to solve and three main dimensions has to be considered. The first one is to jointly schedule missions and maintenance operations in a static case. The second one is to integrate the available monitoring information and the different events that can occur to update the schedule and treat the problem in a dynamic way. The third dimension is the fleet dimension that involves managing several vehicles in parallel.The first step is to jointly schedule the maintenance activity and the missions for a truck in a static case. It is assumed that all the missions to be performed are known and that no monitoring information is available. To do this, a vehicle deterioration model is defined to estimate its remaining useful lifetime to make decisions. It is a model with varying parameters since the vehicle operates under different conditions of usage severity according to the missions. It is the central point for setting up a scheduling algorithm to avoid any excessive risk of failure. The scheduling process is naturally optimized according to a criterion based on either the maintenance costs or the operating incomes.Once this methodology has been defined, it must be completed to include information on the vehicle deterioration, failure occurrences and new missions that may be requested. A dynamic approach has then been developed to solve the scheduling problem for a vehicle. If a breakdown occurs, the schedule must be updated because it is no longer adapted to the evolution of the current vehicle deterioration. Likewise, when a new mission is available, an update is essential because the priority order of the missions, defined by their deadlines, must be considered as soon as possible to avoid delay penalties. On the other hand, deterioration information can have a varying influence on the current schedule. Then, the schedule robustness has to be studied to avoid changing the mission order and the maintenance dates too often.The last step is to integrate the fleet dimension in the decision-making process. It is no longer just a question of mission order and timing for maintenance operations, but also of deciding which vehicle is assigned to which mission. The decision-making process then depends on the whole fleet. An analysis of the impact of considering the fleet dimension in the static case and then in the dynamic case is led.Simulation results are used to illustrate the developed methods and aim at showing their interest and the cost savings they generate
Farrayre, Annie. "L'expérience face à l'intuition et à l'émotion dans la décision clinique de l'infirmière : rôle de la posture "cognitivo-émotionnelle" de l'infirmier-ière face au "ressenti" éprouvé dans l'activité clinique d'orientation et d'accueil des urgences hospitalières". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1249.
Texto completoThis doctoral thesis’ research identifies the roles of experience in the effects of intuition or emotion and clinical reasoning and characterizes the nature of the “feeling” rising; The “multiréférentiel” (Ardoino, 1986)theoretical and methodological framework links a pragmatist understanding of implicit or explicit experiential learning’s through an active or passive knowing posture (Dewey, 2004) with theoretical works concerning the decision processing in economics (Simon, 1983), in neurosciences (Berthoz, 2003; Damasio, 1995) and with the cognitive function of emotion (Livet, 2002;Rimé, 2009). Intuition is replaced in dual process theories of cognition (Kahneman, 2016). Data were collected from two French Parisian emergency’s departments through twenty emergency nurses differently experienced in triage, volunteered to take part in the study,. Semistructured interview collected the nurses’posture of knowing. “Elicitation interviews’” (Vermersch, 1994)recalled nurses’ thinking procedures in the heat of the moment and shows how nurses’ control their “feeling” and the set of the contextual determinants. Six theoretical propositions derived from the findings. During the patient’s examination and the clinical reasoning process, nurses adopt a particular “cognitive – emotional”posture of knowing and reflective thinking. This posture has an impact on the control of the nurse’s feeling andof the nature of what she felt and on the decision type. Depending of her posture, nurses will take into account her “feeling” or not. A negative emotion stops the decision making process. Intuition involves the search of additional fact or clues or clinical signs. The cognitive uncertainty induces a specific inquiry. The nurses’ “feeling’’ empirically characterize is an intuition, an emotion, an uncertainty
Pauzé, Marielle. "La portée argumentative du récit de la plainte pour harcèlement psychologique et ses impacts sur l'interrelation entre le plaignant et l'enquêteur". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30457/30457.pdf.
Texto completoNguyen, Van-Thai. "AI-based maintenance planning for multi-component systems considering different kinds of dependencies". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0070.
Texto completoMaintenance planning for systems consisting of multiple components has still been a challenging problem. Particularly, mathematically describing dependencies between components is usually a complicated task, however, omitting component dependencies in maintenance modeling might result in suboptimal plans. Moreover, the number of maintenance decision variables needed to be optimized increases rapidly in the number of components, causing computational expense for optimization algorithms.To face these issues, this PhD aims to propose an artificial-intelligence-based maintenance optimization approach allowing to consider different kinds of dependencies between components (i.e., economic, stochastic, and structural dependence). Particularly, the maintenance approach integrates a deep maintenance cost model, that allows to compute maintenance costs at system level without requiring individual costs at component level (e.g., setup costs, labor costs and costs of maintaining each component), into the framework of multi-agent deep reinforcement learning, which can be applicable for large sequential decision-making problems, to optimize maintenance decisions. Moreover, a novel degradation interaction model for discrete- state components is also developed and then integrated into the proposed maintenance approach. Numerical studied are conducted on multi-component systems with different configurations under different observability scenarios to investigate the performance and the advantage as well as limits of the proposed maintenance approach
Liu, Yinling. "Conception et vérification du système d'Information pour la maintenance aéronautique". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI133.
Texto completoOperational support is one of the most important aspects of aeronautical maintenance. It aims to provide a portfolio of services to implement maintenance with a high level of efficiency, reliability and accessibility. One of the major difficulties in operational support is that there is no platform that integrates all aircraft maintenance processes in order to reduce costs and improve the level of service. It is therefore necessary to build an autonomous aircraft maintenance system in which all maintenance information can be collected, organized, analyzed and managed in a way that facilitates decision-making. To do this, an innovative methodology has been proposed, which concerns modelling, simulation, formal verification and performance analysis of the autonomous system mentioned. Three axes were addressed in this thesis. The first axis concerns the design and simulation of an autonomous system for aeronautical maintenance. We offer an innovative design of an autonomous system that supports automatic decision making for maintenance planning. The second axis is the verification of models on simulation systems. We propose a more comprehensive approach to verifying global behaviours and operational behaviours of systems. The third axis focuses on the analysis of the performance of simulation systems. We propose an approach of combining an agent-based simulation system with the “Fuzzy Rough Nearest Neighbor” approach, in order to implement efficient classification and prediction of aircraft maintenance failures with missing data. Finally, simulation models and systems have been proposed. Simulation experiments illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach
Glaize, Annabelle. "Prise de décision en santé : une approche de décision multicritère". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A006.
Texto completoDecisions in healthcare are often complex and difficult to make and justify. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a decision-making tool that has been proven to be useful in numerous applications in healthcare contexts. Specifically, this operations research tool enables the integration of multiple conflicting criteria and encourages stakeholders to participate in the decision-making process. The purpose of this PhD dissertation is to contribute to the scientific literature on MCDA methods and how they should be applied in healthcare contexts, which are characterised by complex decision-making, by expanding these methods’ possible applications. This research is composed of three essays, each of which answers a specific research question related to decision-making in healthcare. The first essay maps the literature and assesses how the steps of the MCDA process are followed in different healthcare contexts. The second essay combines the business process improvement (BPI) methodology and lean methods to assess a chemotherapy outpatient service that suffers from difficulties in the patient flow process and propose improvement opportunities. The third essay builds on the findings of the second and applies the ELECTRE III method to define which actions could help improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction of the outpatient service
Alcaraz, Fabien. "Circuits thalamocorticaux de la prise de décision". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0446/document.
Texto completoSurvival of living organisms depends on the ability to make decision adapted to theircurrent needs and desires. Such an ability results from the integration of multiple basiccognitive processes such as events prediction and action control. These processes are bestinvestigated within the framework of associative learning. Past research has demonstratedthat these processes are supported by a widespread neuronal circuit, in which the prefrontalcortex and his major afferent structure, the mediodorsal thalamus (MD), play a central role.In this context, this thesis work aimed at investigating the functional role of the exchangesbetween these two structures in decision making.In a first part of this work, we assessed the role of the MD in prediction and control.We showed that MD lesioned rats are unable to adapt their behavior to a change in rewardvalue, in an experimental procedure asking the integration of instrumental and Pavloviancontingencies. This result confirmed the fundamental role of MD in goal representation. As asecond step, we performed an anatomical study in order to characterize the architecture ofthe thalamocortical pathways arising from the MD. We first showed that multiplethalamocortical pathways originate from segregated neuronal populations within the MD.We also discovered a poorly known thalamic structure innervating the orbitofrontal cortex,the submedius nuclei. In order to understand the functional role of these pathways, we useda conditional chemogenetic technique aimed at inactivating neuronal populations selectedon the basis of their projections. Using this technique, we showed that the animal’s abilitiesto represent either the value or the action-reward relationship depend on the directionalityof MD and prefrontal cortex exchanges. Finally, we identified a specific role for thesubmedius nuclei in updating Pavlovian contingencies, by using a more classical lesioningapproach.Taken together, these results support the idea that decision making involved severalthalamocortical loops, differentially supporting prediction and action control
Gingras, François. "Prise de décision à partir de données séquentielles". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/NQ56697.pdf.
Texto completoDubus, Jean-Philippe. "Prise de décision multiattribut avec le modèle GAI". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812558.
Texto completoFlora, Dominique. "Organisation, motivation et prise de décision dans l'entreprise". Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100048.
Texto completoMoraïtis, Pavlos. "Paradigme multi-agent et prise de décision distribuée". Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090046.
Texto completoMathis, Jérôme. "Prise de décision, expertise et information partiellement vérifiable". Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/05CERG0263.pdf.
Texto completoOur contemporary societies are marked more and more by a search of productivity and rationalization. This requires the detention and correct use of information (whatever economic, scientist, technological, social or political). Thus, the expert's report and communication activities are increasing. The producers and transmitters of information (experts) can influence the decision-making by strategically withholding some information. This thesis studies from a theoretical, normative and positive point of view, the impact of the possibilities for certifying information on those of influencing the decision outcome. The first part treats an advisory decision-making (the experts are consulted by the decision maker). The second part treats a deliberative decision-making (the decision-making is directly entrusted to the experts having to decide through a deliberation)
Toscano, Rosario. "Contribution à la conception d'un système de diagnostic industriel". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0030.
Texto completoCohen, Gérard. "Théorie de la décision, décision et non-decision dans l'électronucléaire : le rôle du décideur". Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000311.pdf.
Texto completoThe electro-nuclear industry is a minefield for decision makers. The problem has migrated from the economic to the political sphere, a phenomenon which the latter would rather have avoided. . . How and why? The first part of this thesis presents a diagnostic of the formal decision making system in the electro-nuclear field. It is clear that this system is structurally inefficient. The second part explores the true decision making system in the electro-nuclear field, revealing the existence of an underlying, virtually secret decision making system, unique to this industry. This is explained (particularly with a diagram) and proved twice by the facts. The conclusion is also very clear : in the electro-nuclear industry, everyone knows what must (inevitably ) be done, but no one will make any decisions! Quid about a theory in this case ? The third part investigates precisely how academic thought might explain the situation. The conclusion is, again, clear : no theory can satisfactorily explain exactly what is observed. The conclusion of this study proposes defining the electro-nuclear field as a “meta problem” or a “meta organization“. It shows how this particular definition can better explain what is happening in this field, essentially by means of six new diagrams, which, juxtaposed with the first one, can serve as a graphic summary of it
Zhu, Shuguang. "Three essays on mechanism design, information design and collective decision-making". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10008/document.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates several topics in Microeconomic Theory, with a focus on incorporating information control into mechanism design, checking the robustness of mechanisms, and providing a foundation for inconsistent collective decision-making. This work helps to optimize information transmission and acquisition in organizational communications, advertisement and policy design. It also sheds light on how inconsistent group decisions derive from heterogeneity in group members, and proposes ways to restore efficiency. The thesis consists of three chapters, each of which is self-contained and can be read separately. The first chapter studies a mechanism design environment where the principal has control over the agents’ information about a payoff-relevant state. The principal commits to an information disclosure policy where each agent observes a private signal, while the principal directly observes neither the true state nor the signal profile. Examples include (1) assessing whether a new product matches consumers’ preferences through their feedback on sample product trials, and (2) gathering intelligence by authorizing investigators to collect various aspects of information. I establish optimality of individually uninformative and aggregately revealing disclosure policy, where (i) each agent obtains no new information about the state after observing any realization of his own signal, but (ii) the principal can nevertheless infer the true state from the agents’ reports about their signals. Furthermore, this optimal disclosure policy admits simple and intuitive implementation (such as certain types of blinded experiments, or restrictions on access to certain information) under additional assumptions. If attention is restricted to linear settings, I characterize a class of environments (including those satisfying the standard regularity conditions in mechanism design) where an equivalence result holds between private disclosure and public disclosure.The second chapter, co-authored with Takuro Yamashita, is motivated by Chung and Ely (2007), who establish maxmin and Bayesian foundations for dominant-strategy mechanisms in private-value auction environments. We first show that similar foundation results for ex post mechanisms hold true even with interdependent values if the interdependence is only cardinal. Conversely, if the environment exhibits ordinal interdependence, which is typically the case with multi-dimensional environments, then in general, ex post mechanisms do not have foundation. That is, there exists a non-ex-post mechanism that achieves strictly higher expected revenue than the optimal ex post mechanism, regardless of the agents’ high-order beliefs. The third chapter shows that dynamic inconsistency in collective decision-making can derive from heterogeneity in group members’ outside options (i.e. opportunity costs that individuals have to pay in order to join the group), even if individuals share the same exponentially discounting time preference. This model of endogenous dynamic inconsistency facilitatesthe analysis of welfare consequences, since time-consistent individual preferences allow for a well-defined measurement of social welfare. We further characterize the optimal Bayesian persuasion information disclosure policy, which takes the form of upper revealing rules, to alleviate the welfare distortion caused by inconsistent collective decisions. Our framework proves to be highly adaptable to various contexts, including provision of public facilities and assignment on team work
Mokaled, Ghadi. "L'efficacité de la décision administrative". Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT3019.
Texto completoMahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnel dans la prise de décision". Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696675.
Texto completoStal-Le, Cardinal Julie. "Approche systémique de la prise de décision en entreprise". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786203.
Texto completoImmordino, Giovanni. "Rôle de l'incertitude scientifique dans la prise de décision". Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10055.
Texto completoMahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnels dans la prise de décision". Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0018.
Texto completoEmotion is inseparable from cognitive processes and therefore plays a major role in decision making. As a result, it is becoming increasingly important in today's scientific research. The aim of this thesis is to show the advantages of an emotional approach, and to prove that in certain cases computer models equipped with artificial emotions prove to be more efficient than their purely cognitive equivalents. Based on this observation, two emotional models were realised from different study perspectives. They underline the impact of the addition of an emotional dimension in the elaboration of a fast, adaptive and efficient decision. The first developed model uses a graph for strategies representation in order to solve a ten-year-old pupil mathematics exercise called the "Cascades problem". Emotion is represented there as weighting values in the graph edges dynamically managed by an ant algorithm. The tests carried out on two versions, one emotional and the other one fully cognitive, show that the use of an emotional model produces a more efficient and adaptive solving. In addition, a second model named "GAEA" aims at simulating a robot equipped with sensors and effectors and thrown into a prey-predators environment inside which it must survive. Its behaviour is determined by its internal program that evolves thanks to a linear genetic program algorithm manipulating a population of program individuals. Results are promising and indicate that the population produces individuals whose behaviour is more and more adapted, and whose internal activity is analogous to the emergence of relevant emotional reactions
Froger, Géraldine. "Rationalité et prise de décision en économie de l'environnement". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010055.
Texto completoEnvironmental risks (the greenhouse effect, acid rains. . . ) take place in a context of ecological globalization and complexity. This result justify our work about decisionmaking based on specific hypothesis of rationality and their abibilty to rationalize some choices of environmental preservation. In complete information, game theory modelize strategic interactions in the field of environmental risks. This analysis, based on substantive rationality, suppose that the instrumental and cognitive rationalities of the agents are strong. We point out this kind of hypothesis is limited to rationalize and explain the choices of environmental preservation. Then we study situations of incomplete information. The expected utility theory, based on substantive rationality, suppose that the cognitive rationality of the agents is a little bit weakened. We developp the reasons why this approach don't take complexity and indetermination into consideration. This results justify the necessity to adopt a larger criterion of rationality called procedural rationality. The naiade method, based on this hypothesis of rationality, suppose that the instrumental and cognitive rationalities of the agents are weakened. We illustrate how this method which articulates multicriteria analysis and fuzzy set theory justify some choices of environmental preservation
Castellanos-Paez, Sandra. "Apprentissage de routines pour la prise de décision séquentielle". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM043.
Texto completoIntuitively, a system capable of exploiting its past experiences should be able to achieve better performance. One way to build on past experiences is to learn macros (i.e. routines). They can then be used to improve the performance of the solving process of new problems. In automated planning, the challenge remains on developing powerful planning techniques capable of effectively explore the search space that grows exponentially. Learning macros from previously acquired knowledge has proven to be beneficial for improving a planner's performance. This thesis contributes mainly to the field of automated planning, and it is more specifically related to learning macros for classical planning. We focused on developing a domain-independent learning framework that identifies sequences of actions (even non-adjacent) from past solution plans and selects the most useful routines (i.e. macros), based on a priori evaluation, to enhance the planning domain.First, we studied the possibility of using sequential pattern mining for extracting frequent sequences of actions from past solution plans, and the link between the frequency of a macro and its utility. We found out that the frequency alone may not provide a consistent selection of useful macro-actions (i.e. sequences of actions with constant objects).Second, we discussed the problem of learning macro-operators (i.e. sequences of actions with variable objects) by using classic pattern mining algorithms in planning. Despite the efforts, we find ourselves in a dead-end with the selection process because the pattern mining filtering structures are not adapted to planning.Finally, we provided a novel approach called METEOR, which ensures to find the frequent sequences of operators from a set of plans without a loss of information about their characteristics. This framework was conceived for mining macro-operators from past solution plans, and for selecting the optimal set of macro-operators that maximises the node gain. It has proven to successfully mine macro-operators of different lengths for four different benchmarks domains and thanks to the selection phase, be able to deliver a positive impact on the search time without drastically decreasing the quality of the plans
Cherkaoui, Hajar. "Vers une prise de décision robuste en maintenance conditionnelle". Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0040.
Texto completoThis thesis is a contribution to robust decision making in maintenance of systems subject to gradual degradation. Our first contribution is to develop a criterion allowing the joint evaluation of the mean economic performance and the robustness of different types of maintenance strategies. The advantage of the proposed criterion is that it adapts to different types of maintenance strategies and provides access to a simple and relevant evaluation model. The second contribution is devoted to the development and the evaluation of a joint maintenance and spares parts management strategy that applies to multi-component systems with different qualities. For the proposed joint strategy, prognostic indicator is used for both maintenance and procurement decision-making. The evaluation criterion proposed above is used for the evaluation of this policy as well. The third contribution corresponds to the proposal of two conditional maintenance strategies with hybrid inspections for the maintenance of multi-component systems with different and unknown qualities. For the strategies proposed, online monitoring information is used to disclose the quality of system components to be maintained using statistical techniques of classification and estimation
Haydar, Jamal. "Prise de décision orientée QoS dans les réseaux hétérogènes". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066184.
Texto completoHarang, Laurence. "Rationalité de l'action et rationalité de la décision". Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10039.
Texto completoVeron, Paul. "La décision médicale". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD064.
Texto completoThe medical relationship is traditionally addressed by the private law academia through the prism of the of the contract concept. In line with another part of the academia, this study aims to put forth a renewed reading, centered on another paradigm: the decision. The law does not govern here a meeting of minds producing obligations but rather a care decision whose purpose is performing a medical procedure on a patient, primarily taken as a human being. The approach can a priori rest on a certain degree of common sense: isn’t medicine, after all, primarily an art – which partly became a science – of the decision?To approach the concept of decision in the field of medical law requires to give up the dominant meaning given to that term in the various legal disciplines. Well-known figure of public law and procedural law, emerging in private law, the notion of decision is largely identified with a unilateral legal action. Such strict interpretation cannot prevail for understanding our object of study: first, the medical decision is not a legal action; secondly, it may be unilateral or bilateral, or, to be precise, it can be individual or shared. It appears to be preferable, in the field of medical law, to return to a common meaning of this notion of decision, as opposed to strictly legal: it is a selecting process geared towards the implementation of a deed.The way the law addresses a medical decision can be summarized in four questions : Who decides? Addressing the issue of identifying the decision makers. How should the decision be taken? Addressing the decision-making procedure. Why and to what aim is a decision taken? Addressing the question of reasons and purposes on which the medical decision is based. Finally, what can we decide? Which means can we implement to cure? This addresses the question of the purpose of the decision. While the first two points are related to the process of decision-making, the last two refer to the issue of decision taken.This approach essentially has dual benefits. First, it offers a unique mean of interpreting the medical care relationship, regardless of the context (public hospital, private clinic or private practice), which appears necessary in view of the legal developments in the last two decades. Second, it allows the conceptualisation of the medical relationship in a theory of power, medical decisions being analysed, in this aspect, as the expression of private power
Deschênes-Beaulieu, Sara Maude. "La prise de décision éthique des consultants : compréhension du processus". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/136.
Texto completoHallaoui, Abdelmjid. "Le consensus comme mode de prise de décision à l'OMC". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0005.
Texto completoEven if consensus as mode of decision-making is a principle which is supposed to guarantee the equity and the participation of all of the members, the results of the multilateral negotiations are often, unfortunately, in favour of the developed countries. The great losers are the poor members. Is consensus at WTO in a crisis? The principal cause isn't that this organisation was created for the firs countries, and not for the last ones. It seems that WTO want to be presented as an Organisation for all members, but, in fact all members are not for WTO. Our work end by the conclusion that the world need not just one trade organisation, but several ones which can satisfy the needs of citizens, according to the development levels of their countries; and if WTO should to subsist, it is just to stay as a forum of discussion ,but not an organ of decision making
Nguyen, Quoc Toan. "La prise de décision de l'auditeur dans le contexte vietnamien". Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40056.
Texto completoThe external auditor plays a very important role to ensure accounting information and strengthen the trust between those involved in the company. The auditor has a difficult taskto investigate the accountability and responsability to establish, in an audit report, if accountability is correct and faithful. This mission requires the auditor to make good auditing decisions. However, our research objective is to understand, how and why the audit's decision was taken differently in each specific context. Decision-making in auditing has been widely studied in developped countries, particularly in Europe and America. For Vietnam this study is the first of its kind. Being aware of the importance of the auditors profession in this country, our research contributes to new knowledge on undersqtanding the audit decision in the Vietnamese contexte. The decision making of the Vietnamese auditor is studied through two aspects : cultural and professional. The first is based on the Vietnamese cultural dimension which influences the individual's decision. The religious influences, way of thinking, individual autonomy, collective behaviour, etc. . . The second is based on the auditors work environment in Vietnam which is particularly characterizes by the professional organization of the audit, the regulatory frame, the organizational culture of the firm and the socio-political context. We are also devoted to analyzing the decision making of the Vietnamese auditors through two aproaches : quantitative and qualitative. This analytical approach begins with an explanation for the logic of applied research, and by deepening the empirical treatment on perceptions of the Vietnamese auditor's decision
Chouaf, Mohamed. "La prise de décision à objectifs multiples : une approche dynamique". Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOE003.
Texto completoThe analysis of static multi-objective decision making through the study of the decision and the decision making process undertaken in this thesis attempts to demonstrate the utility, for certain optimisation problems, of considering not a unique criterion but multiple objectives. This work thus leads to the presentation of multi-objective decision making in general and of multi-objective linear programming in particular, of which certain methods of resolution are described in order to solve static optimisation problems. However, a decision cannot be considered outside of its environment or of the context of decisions that preceeded and will follow. In order to comprehend this phenomenon of the interrelationship of decisions, a study of dynamic systems and optimal control problems was necessary to present the two principles of decomposition of a dynamic system into a suite of static problems. Thus, thanks to these principles, which are : the maximum principle (pontryagin), the optimisation principle (bellman), this study shows that in the linear case, an optimal control problem can be reduced to the resolution of a suite of linear problems. In addition, these problems furnish the necessary and suffisant condition of optimality. This results permits the classic optimal control problem, i. E. One having a unique criterion, to be extended to the multi-objective case and thus results in a new tool : linear optimal control with multiple objectives. To illustrate this new type of problems, we have presented a dynamic model based on the leontief input-output system and the french economy
Belaid, Fateh. "Traitement des incertitudes et prise de décision dans l'amont pétrolier". Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0272.
Texto completoTwo important characteristics of petroleum exploration and production investment are the high financial amounts and uncertainties. For these reasons, the risk analysis should be implemented in the projects evaluation and the selection process. Depending on their available resources, petroleum companies choose a number of projects on the basis of som criteria : the net present value, internal rate of return, profitability index. However, these criteria appear to be insufficient if we consider, on the one hand, the absence of risk idea which is an essential element of the petroleum industry, on the other hand the omission of the correlations and interactions between different projects. In this paper, in order to make up for the lacks of the traditional approach, we apply a variant of Markowitzs method to determine the efficient portfolio exploration and production projects that insure the best compromise minimum risk-maximum return under the different constraints faced by the company. A practical application of this method about selection of petroleum exploration projects in the North Sea is presented. This practica case illustrates the influence of the crude price in the choice of the portfolio
Lee, Sahng Gyoun. "La prise de décision de la politique européenne en RFA". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010298.
Texto completoWith the change of the germany's political and economic status in the e. C. After her reunification, this research is concentrated on the analysis of the new european policy-making system in the frg, of the new domestic political system caused by the reunification, and of the relationship between the federation (bund) and the lander in the national european policy-making system. Especially, this thesis tries to explain the 2 key-questions : 1)the mecanisme of interaction between federal actors (chancellor, federal ministries, bundesbank, and bundestag) and regional actors (bundesrat and lander governments) and 2)the tripartite relationship of interdependance between the e. C. , the federal government, and the lander in the making of german european policy
Diago, Ndeye Arame. "Mécanismes de négociation multilatérale pour la prise de décision collective". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1174/document.
Texto completoCollective decision making is a process in which many participants with different interests interact in order to build a solution to their problem. It is inherent to many organisations and companies. Nowadays, the advances in Artificial Intelligence, notably, Multi-Agents Systems enabled the automation of decision-making processes in order to analyse and to better understand how these mechanisms work. A collective decision may be made by using a voting system or by using negotiation. In this thesis, we focus on multilateral negotiation for collective decision making by proposing negotiation models. The proposed models based on heuristic approach. The agents interact with them in order to build a solution to their problem. This context is different from models based on game theory where the set of possible solutions are supposed to be known by all agents. So heuristic negotiation issue is that agents' reasoning may be very complex. This complexity grows where the number of agents and issues to be negotiated are important. The goal of this research work consists of devising negotiation mechanisms where agents'interaction are fully decentralized. We focus on organisation aspect of the multi-agent system by using divide and conquer approach in order to reduce the negotiation complexity and hence to facilitate research of agreements. Our works tackle negotiation under different contexts which lead us to bring three contributions which focus on agents' organization, interaction protocols, negotiation object, concession strategies and effective and fair solution concept. The proposed mechanisms are implemented in JavaJade. We analyse the convergence of the negotiation, negotiation time and quality of the solution. Our models are compared with a centralized approach where all of the agents are gathered around one group to negotiate. Our empirical analyses show that our propositions allow the agents to reach collectives agreements
Couët, Nicolas. "L'impact d'une formation sur la prise de décision partagée destinée aux médecins sur l'intention des patients de s'engager dans un processus de prise de décision partagée : analyse secondaire d'un essai clinique randomisé par grappe". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24960.
Texto completoWe conducted a secondary analysis of the clustered randomized trial of DECISION+2, a shared decision making training program for family physicians, and assessed its impact on patients’ intention to engage in shared decision making for choosing whether or not to use antibiotics for treating an acute respiratory tract infection in a future consultation. A total of 359 patients contributed data to this secondary analysis. Overall, after adjusting for the clustered design of the trial, we saw no statistically significant difference in the change of score in intention between patients from the DECISION+2 group and those from the control group (proportional odds ratio=1.55; 95% confidence interval=0.81-2.96). Patient-directed interventions may be necessary to achieve such purpose.
Drucker-Godard, Carole. "La gestion au quotidien des priorités du dirigeant : une analyse de la dynamique du portefeuille de préoccupations décisionnelles". Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090051.
Texto completoDemil, Benoît. "Les stratégies de pionnier et de suiveur : application à un processus réglementaire". Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100004.
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