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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Entrainment"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 9 de junio de 2025

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Entrainment"

Mussen, Timothy D., Oliver Patton, Dennis Cocherell, Ali Ercan, Hossein Bandeh, M. Levent Kavvas, Joseph J. Cech, and Nann A. Fangue. "Can behavioral fish-guidance devices protect juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from entrainment into unscreened water-diversion pipes?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 8 (August 2014): 1209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0601.

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Entrainment through water-diversion structures is a major passage challenge for fishes in watersheds worldwide. Behavioral guidance devices may be effective in passing fish by diversion inlets, thereby decreasing entrainment without reducing water-diversion rates, but data on their effectiveness is limited. In California’s central valley, out-migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are a species at risk for entrainment through unscreened, small-scale water-diversion pipes. Therefore, we tested entrainment susceptibility and behavior of juvenile Chinook salmon in a large-river-simulation flume at a “river” velocity of 0.15 m·s–1 with a 0.46 m diameter pipe diverting water at 0.57 m3·s–1, during the day and night. Compared with control conditions (no fish deterrent devices present), mean fish entrainment increased by 61% (day) and 43% (night) when underwater strobe lights were active, decreased by 30% when using a metal vibrating (12 Hz) ring during the night, and was unaffected by velocity cap attachments. Fish entrainments started at water velocities of 0.8 m·s–1 and decreased by 54% from spring to summer, possibly resulting from decreased pipe-passage frequency and smaller fish-school sizes. Our findings suggest that substantial entrainment can occur if fish repeatedly pass within 1.5 m of active unscreened diversions, with an estimated 50% of fish lost after encountering 18 pipes in spring and 50 pipes in summer.

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MATSUO, HIROSHI. "Entrainment." Japanese Journal of Electrocardiology 5, no. 1 (1985): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5105/jse.5.3.

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AlObaidi, Khaldoon, and Manousos Valyrakis. "Coherent Flow Structures Linked to the Impulse Criterion for Incipient Motion of Coarse Sediment." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2023): 10656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910656.

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Incipient motion has been a topic of investigation by researchers, engineers and scientists for more than a century. The main approach for studying sediment entrainment has been the static approach that uses temporal and spatial averaged flow parameters like bed shear stress and stream power to link them indirectly to sediment entrainment. Recent research outputs have shed light on the important role of turbulent fluctuations in the sediment transport process. It is suggested that the approach of using temporal and spatial averaged parameters fails to account for the dynamic and probabilistic nature of the entrainment process, as inherited by flow turbulence. This has led to the introduction of the only dynamic criteria in the literature for studying sediment entrainment, namely the impulse and energy criteria. These criteria take into account both the magnitude and duration of the turbulent flow event used for assessing the conditions that can result in sediment entrainment. In light of this, this work aims to assess whether there is a trend in terms of the type of flow structures that occur in sequence before and after the occurrences of the flow impulses that have resulted in the coarse particle’s entrainment. To achieve this, we conducted a well-controlled laboratory experiment to investigate the incipient motion of a 7 cm diameter instrumented particle. Five runs of the experiment were performed at flowrates close to the threshold of motion. The instrumented particle was equipped with micro-electro-mechanical sensors (MEMS) to accurately measure its inertial dynamics and detect motion. The sensors recorded entrainment events, and these events were stochastically linked to the impulses occurring for the tested flow conditions. Quadrant analysis was used to investigate the type of flow structures that occurred before, during and after the occurrence of quadrant events with an impulse above the critical impulse. The findings herein associate coarse particle entrainments with energetic impulses linked primarily to sweep events (Q4) and secondarily, sequence of sweeps (Q4) and ejections (Q1).

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Conzemius, Robert J., and Evgeni Fedorovich. "Dynamics of Sheared Convective Boundary Layer Entrainment. Part II: Evaluation of Bulk Model Predictions of Entrainment Flux." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 1179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3696.1.

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Abstract Several bulk model–based entrainment parameterizations for the atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL) with wind shear are reviewed and tested against large-eddy simulation (LES) data to evaluate their ability to model one of the basic integral parameters of convective entrainment—the entrainment flux ratio. Test results indicate that many of these parameterizations fail to correctly reproduce entrainment flux in the presence of strong shear because they underestimate the dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) produced by shear in the entrainment zone. It is also found that surface shear generation of TKE may be neglected in the entrainment parameterization because it is largely balanced by dissipation. However, the surface friction has an indirect effect on the entrainment through the modification of momentum distribution in the mixed layer and regulation of shear across the entrainment zone. Because of this effect, parameterizations that take into account the surface friction velocity but exclude entrainment zone shear may sufficiently describe entrainment when wind shear in the free atmosphere above the CBL is small. In this case, the surface shear acts as a proxy for the entrainment zone shear. Such parameterizations can be most useful if applied in situations where atmospheric data are insufficient for calculating entrainment zone shear. The importance of modeling a Richardson-number-limited, finite-depth entrainment zone is evidenced by the relatively accurate entrainment flux predictions by models that explicitly account for effects of entrainment zone shear, but predictions by these models are often adversely affected by the underestimation of TKE dissipation in the entrainment zone.

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Rahimi, Zahra, and Diane Litman. "Entrainment2Vec: Embedding Entrainment for Multi-Party Dialogues." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 05 (April 3, 2020): 8681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6393.

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Entrainment is the propensity of speakers to begin behaving like one another in conversation. While most entrainment studies have focused on dyadic interactions, researchers have also started to investigate multi-party conversations. In these studies, multi-party entrainment has typically been estimated by averaging the pairs' entrainment values or by averaging individuals' entrainment to the group. While such multi-party measures utilize the strength of dyadic entrainment, they have not yet exploited different aspects of the dynamics of entrainment relations in multi-party groups. In this paper, utilizing an existing pairwise asymmetric entrainment measure, we propose a novel graph-based vector representation of multi-party entrainment that incorporates both strength and dynamics of pairwise entrainment relations. The proposed kernel approach and weakly-supervised representation learning method show promising results at the downstream task of predicting team outcomes. Also, examining the embedding, we found interesting information about the dynamics of the entrainment relations. For example, teams with more influential members have more process conflict.

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Campbell, J. "Entrainment defects." Materials Science and Technology 22, no. 2 (February 2006): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328406x74248.

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Diekman, Casey O., and Amitabha Bose. "Entrainment Maps." Journal of Biological Rhythms 31, no. 6 (October 17, 2016): 598–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730416662965.

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Circadian oscillators found across a variety of species are subject to periodic external light-dark forcing. Entrainment to light-dark cycles enables the circadian system to align biological functions with appropriate times of day or night. Phase response curves (PRCs) have been used for decades to gain valuable insights into entrainment; however, PRCs may not accurately describe entrainment to photoperiods with substantial amounts of both light and dark due to their reliance on a single limit cycle attractor. We have developed a new tool, called an entrainment map, that overcomes this limitation of PRCs and can assess whether, and at what phase, a circadian oscillator entrains to external forcing with any photoperiod. This is a 1-dimensional map that we construct for 3 different mathematical models of circadian clocks. Using the map, we are able to determine conditions for existence and stability of phase-locked solutions. In addition, we consider the dependence on various parameters such as the photoperiod and intensity of the external light as well as the mismatch in intrinsic oscillator frequency with the light-dark cycle. We show that the entrainment map yields more accurate predictions for phase locking than methods based on the PRC. The map is also ideally suited to calculate the amount of time required to achieve entrainment as a function of initial conditions and the bifurcations of stable and unstable periodic solutions that lead to loss of entrainment.

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Ray, L. B. "Variable Entrainment." Science Signaling 4, no. 189 (September 6, 2011): ec248-ec248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.4189ec248.

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Dempsey, C. H. "Ichthyoplankton entrainment." Journal of Fish Biology 33, sa (December 1988): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05563.x.

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Kumar, Saurabh, Usha B. Tedrow, and William G. Stevenson. "Entrainment Mapping." Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics 9, no. 1 (March 2017): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccep.2016.10.004.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Entrainment"

McDowell, David W. "Determining entrainment rate and the role of entrainment in stratocumulus clouds." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA366842.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1999.<br>"June 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Wing Wang. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-65). Also available online.

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Dwivedi, Ambuj. "Mechanics of sediment entrainment." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5854.

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Gilani, Mohammad Nejad Hamzeei. "CFD of droplet entrainment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542939.

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Stone, Rebecca E. "Deep mixed layer entrainment." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8198.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.<br>A bulk turbulence-closure mixed layer model is generalized to allow prediction of very deep polar sea mixing. The model includes unsteady three- component turbulent kinetic energy budgets. In addition to terms for shear production, pressure redistribution, and dissipation, special attention is devoted to realistic treatment of thermobaric enhancement of buoyancy flux and to Coriolis effect on turbulence. The model is initialized and verified with CTD data taken by R/V Valdivia in the Greenland Sea during winter 1993-1994. Model simulations show (1) mixed layer deepening is significantly enhanced when the thermal expansion coefficient's increase with pressure is included; (2) entrainment rate is sensitive to the direction of wind stress because of Coriolis; and (3) the predicted mixed layer depth evolution agrees qualitatively with the observations. Results demonstrate the importance of water column initial conditions, accurate representation of strong surface cooling events, and inclusion of the thermobaric effect on buoyancy, to determine the depth of mixing and ultimately the heat and salt flux into the deep ocean. Since coupling of the ocean to the atmosphere through deep mixed layers in polar regions is fundamental to our climate system, it is important that regional and global models be developed that incorporate realistic representation of this coupling

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Spolander, Bruce John. "Entrainment in Saldanha Bay." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19819.

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Bibliography: pages 64-67.<br>Saldanha Bay is located lOOkm north of Cape Town, along the south western coast of South Africa, at a latitude of approximately 33° S. In 1975 major harbour works, including the construction of an iron ore jetty, divided Saldanha Bay into two distinct bays. The bay to the north of the jetty has become known as Small Bay, while the bay to the south is commonly referred to as Big Bay. Big Bay is connected at its southern end to the shallow Langebaan Lagoon system, and to the west with the Benguela upwelling system (see figure 1.1). The oceanography of the shelf outside the bay is dominated by the coastal upwelling system (Shannon 1985). The equatorward winds which predominate for much of the year, drive an offshore flux of surface water, which is replaced near the coast by nutrient-rich water from deeper layers. These winds are the result of an interplay between the South Atlantic High Pressure Cell, a thermal low that forms over southern Africa in summer, coastal lows, and eastward moving extra tropical cyclones (Shannon 1985). In summer, the band of extra tropical cyclones associated with the jetstream moves to the south of its winter position, while the South Atlantic High intensifies and moves approximately 6° to the south (Preston-Whyte and Tyson 1988), creating a pressure gradient over the Benguela region. The presence of the thermal low over the adjacent subcontinent increases the existing pressure gradient, and enhances the equatorward air flow. This seasonal modulation of upwelling favourable winds results in an upwelling season that extends from about September to March (Shannon 1985). During this period, there is also synoptic modulation, provided by wind relaxation or reversal events. These events are either associated with the passage of a cyclone to the south of the continent, or with a coastal low passing along the coast (Shannon 1985).

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Chen, Chi-Shao. "Equatorial entrainment zone simulations." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA237234.

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Thesis (M.S. in Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Garwood, Roland W. Second Reader: Chu, Pecheng. "June 1990." Description based on signature page as viewed on October 19, 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): Air water interactions, ocean models, ocean currents, entrainment, ocean circulation, heat flux, wind velocity, mathematical prediction, equatorial regions, theses. Author(s) subject terms: Air-sea interaction, equatorial circulation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75). Also available in print.

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Huang, Danlan. "Entrainment in Pulsing plumes." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/21168.

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The main contribution of this work is to investigate the entrainment in plumes with constant and time-varying source conditions experimentally. The study aims to build up an experiment rig to conduct the bulk entrainment measurement in plumes. Secondly, the study aims to examine the influences the forcing frequency and amplitude have on entrainment in pulsing plumes, where the flow rate, momentum and buoyancy are sinusoidal functions of time. Finally, the study aims to investigate the validity of the integral model for pure plumes with constant source conditions established by Morton et al. (Proc R Soc Lond A 234(1196):1–23, 1956) in pulsing plumes, as well as the virtual origin correction method for lazy plumes proposed by Hunt and Kaye (J Fluid Mech 435:377–396, 2001) in both constant source plumes and pulsing plumes. Experiments were conducted to verify the pulses in pulsing plumes. Plumes are formed by issuing saline fluid downwards into a less dense uniform environment from a round pipe. The pulsing flow is generated by a programmable ISMATEC gear pump. The evolution of the pulses in pulsing plumes is revealed by applying the light-attenuation method with high frequency imaging. Pulsing is shown to affect the development of the flow, as the forcing frequency at the source dominates the frequency of the flow downstream. To study the bulk entrainment in pulsing plumes, turbulent axisymmetric lazy plumes with constant source conditions were examined initially. The bulk dilution and entrainment measurements were achieved by using the experimental approach of Hunt and Kaye (J Fluid Mech 435:377–396, 2001). The integral relationship for the local flow rate Q(z) and local momentum M(z) from the model established by Morton et al. (Proc R Soc Lond A 234(1196):1–23, 1956) for constant source plumes was used to determine the average local entrainment. Experiments with pulsing plumes were carried out with a flow rate amplitude ranged from 33% to 80% and the non-dimensional frequency - Strouhal number 〖St=fD/U〗_0 ranged from 0.012 to 1.2, where the maximum frequency f of this pulsing plume is in the order of the eddy turnover time scale at the source, D is the source diameter and U_0 is the average velocity at the source. The entrainment coefficient was determined in pulsing plumes and was found within the range of the entrainment values in plumes with constant source conditions. The influence of the forcing frequency and amplitude is examined, and found to be very small over the entire range of source conditions considered. The virtual origin correction method of Hunt and Kaye (J Fluid Mech 435:377–396, 2001) is found to give a reasonably good estimation in predicting the virtual origin in pulsing plumes. The results suggest that the local entrainment velocity is proportional to the time-average local plume velocity even in pulsing plumes where the local velocity is varying with time. This supports the application of the integral model of Morton et al. (Proc R Soc Lond A 234(1196):1–23, 1956) to building ventilation problems and environmental flows where these conditions exist.

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Thompson, Keith B. "Entrainment Zone Characteristics and Entrainment Rates in Cloud-Topped Boundary Layers from DYCOMS-II." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6881.

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The major objective of this thesis is to understand entrainment zone properties and the cloud-top entrainment rates using in situ aircraft measurements. The entrainment zone is defined objectively using a new method based on turbulence perturbations from high-rate turbulence samplings taken during the Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) field study. The Entrainment Interfacial Layer (EIL) of the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer (STBL) is defined as the region near the cloud top where mixing occurs between dry free-troposphere air and moist turbulent air. Although the concept of the entrainment zone is clear, defining the top and bottom altitudes of the EIL from vertical profiles of tracer variables is complicated by many factors including an insufficient number of sounding profiles to provide good statistics. This issue is further complicated by the presence of multiple interfaces near the cloud top often used as a substitute for the EIL. As a result, the region that comprises the entrainment zone is not clearly defined. This study examines the characteristics of several important interfaces such as the cloud top, the inversion layer, the interface between turbulent and non-turbulent layers, and the EIL. The relative heights and depths of these interfaces are studied using a large number of sounding profiles from five DYCOMS-II flights. The characteristics of the EIL jump conditions were also analyzed; their variability illustrates the complexity of the jumps and therefore the uncertainty in entrainment rate calculations. Entrainment rates were estimated from jump conditions obtained in this thesis and compared to previous studies.

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Boga, Gabriele. "Numerical Experiments on Turbulent Entrainment." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20559/.

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The aim of this thesis work is the study of the turbulent entrainment phenomenon in jets through numerical experiments. More specifically, an attempt to study the effect of engulfment and nibbling mechanisms separately was made. The flow chosen for the numerical experiments is the temporal planar jet. The idea behind these experiments is to study the spreading and the mixing of a passive scalar under the effect of two modified velocity fields. The first is a large-scale velocity field obtained through a filtering operation, while the second is a small-scale velocity field obtained subtracting the large-scale velocity field from the total one and then adding the mean velocity. Initially, the post-processing of a spatially developing planar jet, performed by Doctor Andrea Fregni and Professor Andrea Cimarelli, has been carried out in order to analyse the main features of spatially evolving jets compared with the temporal ones. A co-flow and a passive scalar are present in the simulation. The Reynolds number is set to Re = 3000 and the Schmidt number is Sc = 1. After this first step, a benchmark DNS of a temporal planar jet with Re = 3000 and Sc = 1 has been performed in order to evaluate the main differences with respect to the spatially evolving jet. Once the settings were validated, the numerical experiments with large and small scale velocity fields have been performed. The filter used in all the experiments is the box filter. The results of two different filter lengths are presented, the first is Δ = 1.5λcl and the second is Δ = 3λcl. Since λcl is function of time, the two filter lengths are themselves varying in time. The results of the experiments were then compared with those of the unfiltered solution. The passive scalar spread approximatively the same amount under the effect of the large-scale velocity fields and under the effect of the unfiltered velocity. On the other hand, the small-scale fluctuations have been proved to be important in the mixing process.

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Lohmann, Frank Cord. "Entrainment processes during plume ascent." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://e-diss.uni-kiel.de/diss_1693/d1693.pdf.

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Libros sobre el tema "Entrainment"

Poglio, Gianni. Ferdinando Arnò: Entrainment. Milano: Electa, 2018.

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Stone, Rebecca E. Deep mixed layer entrainment. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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R, Wood Ian, ed. Air entrainment in free-surface flows. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1991.

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Chanson, H. Air entrainment in chutes and spillways. Brisbane: University of Queensland, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1992.

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Aschenbrenner-Scheibe, Richard. Chaos and entrainment in hippocampal neurons. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1995.

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Hahn, Ulrich. Lufteintrag, Lufttransport und Entmischungsvorgang nach einem Wechselsprung in Flachgeneigten, geschlossenen Rechteckgerinnen. München: Institut für Wasserbau und Wassermengenwirtschaft und Versuchanstalt für Wasserbau Oskar v. Miller-Institut in Obernach, Technische Universität München, 1985.

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Ural, Erdem A. Towards Estimating Entrainment Fraction for Dust Layers. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3372-9.

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Ural, Erdem A. Towards Estimating Entrainment Fraction for Dust Layers. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011.

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Toner, S. J. Entrainment, chemistry and structures of fire plumes. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Center for Fire Research, 1987.

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Lock, A. P. Entrainment in clear and cloudy boundary layers. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Entrainment"

Sellner, Kevin G., and Michael E. Kachur. "Entrainment studies phytoplankton entrainment." In Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 226. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ln023p0226.

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Peter, Helga, and Thomas Penzel. "Entrainment." In Springer Reference Medizin, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54672-3_494-1.

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Ghajar, Afshin J. "Entrainment." In Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Flow in Pipes with Different Orientations, 95–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41626-3_6.

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Ghajar, Afshin J. "Entrainment." In Mechanical Engineering Series, 237–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87281-6_18.

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Peter, Helga, and Thomas Penzel. "Entrainment." In Springer Reference Medizin, 328. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65186-5_494.

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Pedersen, Flemming Bo. "Entrainment (VE)." In Environmental Hydraulics: Stratified Flows, 61–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86600-5_6.

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Sellner, Kevin G., Michael E. Kachur, and Marcia M. Olson. "Entrainment Studies." In Ecological Studies in the Middle Reach of Chesapeake Bay, 226–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6355-2_8.

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Pedersen, Flemming Bo. "Entrainment (VE)." In Environmental Hydraulics: Stratified Flows, 61–70. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118669709.ch6.

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Sellner, Kevin G., and Michael E. Kachur. "Phytoplankton entrainment." In Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 227–39. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ln023p0227.

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Olson, Marcia M. "Zooplankton entrainment." In Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 240–53. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ln023p0240.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Entrainment"

Sergeyev, S. V., D. Stoliarov, H. Kbashi, F. Wu, Q. Huang, and C. Mou. "Vector Subharmonic Entrainment." In 2024 24th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 1. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton62926.2024.10647350.

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Akabane, Masaaki, Yasuo Koizumi, Akihiro Uchibori, Hideki Kamide, and Hiroyuki Ohshima. "Velocity of Entrainments Formed by High Velocity Air Jet Flow in Stagnant Water." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30806.

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This study was intended to examine sodium entrainment behavior in the case that a hole was formed on a tube wall in the steam generator of a fast breeder reactor and high pressure and high temperature water jetted out into sodium. Flow visualization experiments of an air jet in liquid were performed. The test vessel was 270 mm wide, 5 mm depth and 300 mm high. The air jet was blown vertically upward into stagnant liquid in the test vessel from a rectangular cross-section nozzle of 1 mm wide, 5 mm depth and 20 mm long which was located at the bottom of the test vessel. A flow state of the jet in the liquid was recorded with a high speed video camera at the fastest 150,000 frame/s. The test liquid was water and kerosene. Filament-like ears and wisps pulled out from the wavy interface were noticed on the interface between liquid and the air jet. The ears and the wisps were broken off and entrained into the air jet. The droplets broke up to small entrainments. This process seemed quite similar to the entrainment process in the annular dispersed flow in a pipe. Entrainment was initiated at a little bit downstream from the nozzle outlet. The entrainment inception point moved downstream as the air jet velocity increased. Axial directional entrainment velocity increased as the air jet velocity increased and the entrainment proceeded downstream. Transversal directional entrainment velocity was much slower than the axial directional entrainment velocity. The variation of the entrainment velocity in the transversal direction was not so prominent. The entrainments produced at the interface of the air jet moved to gather at the center portion of the air jet as those were accelerated.

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Koizumi, Yasuo, Kohei Nago, Akihiro Uchibori, Hideki Kamide, and Hiroyuku Ohshima. "Entrainment Into High Speed Air Jet Blowing Out From a Hole to Stagnant Water." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65822.

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Flow visualization experiments of an air jet in liquid were performed. The test vessel was 270 mm wide, 5 mm depth and 300 mm high. The air jet was blown vertically upward into stagnant liquid in the test vessel from a nozzle of 1 mm wide, 5 mm depth and 20 mm long which was located at the bottom of the test vessel. A flow state of the jet in the liquid was recorded with a high speed video camera at fastest 5×105 f/s. The test liquid was water and kerosene. Experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. Filament-like ears and wisps pulled out from the wavy interface were noticed on the interface between liquid and the air jet. The ears and wisps were broken off and entrained into the air jet. The droplets broke up to small entrainments. This process seemed quite similar to the entrainment process in the annular dispersed flow in a pipe. As the air jet velocity increased, the number of entrainments created by the air jet increased lineally and the smaller entrainments increased. The correlation for the entrainment diameter distribution which was developed for the annular dispersed two-phase flow in a pipe predicted well the present results. The correlations for the entrainment diameter developed for entrainments in the annular dispersed two-phase flow in a pipe and for droplets that were blown out into open space above a water pool by a nitrogen gas jet that blew into water vertically upwards considerably underpredicted the experimental results. Measured entrainment rates were considerably lower than the prediction of the correlation for the annular dispersed two-phase flow in a pipe.

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Theverapperuma, Lalin, and Jon Kindred. "Adaptive Feedback Canceller: Entrainment." In 2006 IEEE 12th Digital Signal Processing Workshop & 4th IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dspws.2006.265384.

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Prosperetti, A., and H. N. Oǧuz. "MECHANICS OF AIR ENTRAINMENT." In Proceedings of the III International Meeting on Natural Physical Processes Related to Sea Surface Sound. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814447102_0024.

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Sforza, Pasquale M. "Entrainment in Free Jets." In ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2005-77051.

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The mass flow passing through a plane normal to the mainstream direction of a free jet is the sum of the mass flow of the jet and that of the fluid entrained from surrounding ambient into which it issues. Manipulation of the instantaneous Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation yields an integro-differential equation for the instantaneous mass flow in the flow field. This equation is reduced to a form that suggests that jet entrainment may be viewed as a one-dimensional unsteady diffusion process with an integral source term arising from the gradient of forces in the axial direction of flow which are dependent, in general, on z and t. The small difference in the integrals of the net axial inertial force acting on the fluid in the volume defined by the limits of integration is balanced by an axial force arising from the viscous normal stress that is associated with axial rate of mass entrainment. Furthermore, it suggests that the kinematic viscosity of the fluid is the appropriate diffusion parameter. This formulation is used to assess the nature of the entrainment process in steady three-dimensional jets and to propose means for managing that process.

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Kejriwal, Jay, and Štefan Beňuš. "Speech Entrainment and Emotion." In 2023 14th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coginfocom59411.2023.10397502.

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Benus, Stefan, Rivka Levitan, Julia Hirschberg, Agustin Gravano, and Sakhia Darjaa. "Entrainment in Slovak collaborative dialogues." In 2014 5th IEEE Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coginfocom.2014.7020468.

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Tsai, Shu-Hui, and Yue-Der Lin. "Autonomie feedback with brain entrainment." In 2013 International Joint Conference on Awareness Science and Technology & Ubi-Media Computing (iCAST-UMEDIA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icawst.2013.6765451.

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SCHOBESBERGER, JOHANNES, PETR LICHTNEGER, DOMINIK WORF, CHRISTOPH HAUER, HELMUT HABERSACK, and CHRISTINE SINDELAR. "Coherent Structures During Particle Entrainment." In 38th IAHR World Congress. The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-0758.

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Informes sobre el tema "Entrainment"

Ben-Dor, G., and S. Sorek. Dust Entrainment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250558.

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Assad, A., C. Jan, M. de Bertodano, and S. G. Beus. Entrainment measurements in annular flow. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/505284.

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Lewellen, David C., and W. S. Lewellen. Modeling of Cloud-top Entrainment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada610161.

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Lewellen, David C., and W. S. Lewellen. Modeling of Cloud-top Entrainment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada630965.

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Lewellen, David C., and W. S. Lewellen. Modeling of Cloud-Top Entrainment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada633770.

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Chanson, Hubert. Air Entrainment in Chutes and Spillways. The University of Queensland, Department of Civil Engineering, February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/9038.

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Teeter, Allen. Erosion by Entrainment of Fluidized Cohesive Sediments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada281666.

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Myers, Adele, and Gregory D. Spriggs. Water Entrainment in Nuclear Detonations: Discovery and Investigation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1476199.

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Albrecht, Bruce. Drizzle and Entrainment in Coastal Marine Stratocumulus Clouds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627711.

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Lin, Ching-Long, and William E. Eichinger. Large Eddy Simulation of Ocean Boundary Layer Entrainment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627930.

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