Literatura académica sobre el tema "Enslaved persons, social conditions"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Enslaved persons, social conditions"
1
Rossi, Benedetta. "Reflections on public slavery and social death". Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 64, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bics/qbab024.
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Abstract It is tempting to see public slaves as sharing characteristics of both slave and free and, therefore, as embodying an intermediate position that proves binary approaches to slavery and freedom wrong. This article argues that this temptation should be resisted. Based on an analysis of cases from different regions and periods, it agrees broadly with Patterson's clear distinction between slave and free statuses, but not with his interpretation of elite slaves as 'the ultimate slaves'. Public slaves were unusual slaves. A close analysis of their circumstances, and of the circumstances of other categories of slaves endowed with particular influence or autonomy in their societies, reveals that the social death metaphor suits certain contexts better than other. It does not accurately capture the historical diversity of the statuses and conditions of enslaved persons through time, and hence is unhelpful for the purpose of comparative generalisation.
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Kozlova, Vlada. "Social Condition of Criminal Bankruptcy of Individuals in Russia". Herald of Omsk University. Series: Law 17, n.º 3 (19 de octubre de 2020): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1990-5173.2020.17(3).103-108.
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Introduction. The social conditionality of criminal bankruptcy is revealed through its historical analysis.
The origin of the institution of economic insolvency is associated with the emergence and development of
market and commodity-money relations. Under the influence of socio-economic conditions, this institution
underwent various changes. Purpose. The purpose is consider the development of the institution of bankruptcy
in Russia through the prism of political economic relations, to show that it is precisely such relations that
determine the degree and extent of its criminality. Methodology. The author used historical and political
economic analysis. Results. Three periods can be distinguished in the development of the institution of
insolvency in Russia: nationally distinctive, enlightened absolutism, and post-Soviet. In the first period in
Russia, there was an institution of enslaved servitude, which was incorrectly identified with bankruptcy. The
tendency towards the enslavement of peasants and servants caused a host of undesirable consequences,
including the ruin of taxpayers, flight from debts, and riots, which led to the policy of state restriction of the
interests of creditors. The institution of bankruptcy comes to Russia from the West during the Petrine and postPeter era and finally takes shape during the period of enlightened absolutism. The attitude towards debtors
clearly follows the political line determined by the autocracy. Opposition to the criminal bankruptcy of
individuals was most fully embodied in the Criminal and Correctional Penal Code of 1845. It was determined in
three directions: recipients who violate loan rules; to attorneys, certifying the obligation both to the
bankruptcies and insolvent persons themselves, as well as to persons involved in bankruptcy. The post-Soviet
period begins with the restoration of capitalism, and in artificial form. The natural course of development of
capitalism spans more than one century. In Russia, it was recreated in three decades. As a result, an economic
model is created that is far from the classical one. The differences are in the degree of its criminality and
criminogenicity. The institution of bankruptcy plays a significant role in creating the modern Russian model of
capitalism, and from this point of view, three periods can also be distinguished in its development, in each of
which specific political goals are highlighted: 1) the destruction of the socialist economy; 2) the initial
accumulation of capital; c) regulatory settlement. Conclusion. The bankruptcy institution is actively developing
when economic relations are criminalized. In Soviet times, bankruptcy as an institution was not in demand,
since socialist economic relations were not needed in it. This indicates that the economy under socialism was
the least criminalized, since the institution of criminal bankruptcy is needed under capitalism, the nature of
which was initially criminal. A planned economy excludes bankruptcy of the enterprise, and the main principle
of socialism “All for the good of man!” makes it almost impossible for a person to fall into legal economic
dependence.
3
Astuti, An Ras Try, Hardiyani Herman, Rabiatul Hadawiah y Nurul Ardiyanti. "TANTANGAN PARENTING DALAM MEWUJUDKAN MODERASI ISLAM ANAK". Al-MAIYYAH : Media Transformasi Gender dalam Paradigma Sosial Keagamaan 11, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2018): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/almaiyah.v11i2.660.
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The birth of X, Y, Z and Alpha generations cannot be denied, given the rapid development of technology. The formation of the character of Alpha Generation or Gen-A which was born in 2010 is a concern and a challenge for parents in shaping the personality of a civilized and humanitarian child. This article is motivated by a critical review of the conditions of intolerance among religious people. Where the soul of intolerance that arises in a person is due to the absence of a sense of humanity and civilized human elements in themselves. One of the main causes is the influence of misuse of technology which has led to the birth of the Alpha Generation that is enslaved by technology. A person's social life deteriorates so that he does not respect differences. The use of technology well can avoid the anti-tolerant nature and be able to form prospective generations who are civilized and humane in accordance with Islamic values. The provision of technological education for children of old age can not be separated from the role of parents as the first madrasa for children. The habit of children will be difficult to change when from the beginning parents do not do education in the family through parenting education. Parenting education is one of the efforts made by parents in educating, nurturing and teaching children.
4
Astuti, An Ras Try, Hardiyani Herman, Rabiatul Hadawiah y Nurul Ardiyanti. "TANTANGAN PARENTING DALAM MEWUJUDKAN MODERASI ISLAM ANAK". Al-MAIYYAH : Media Transformasi Gender dalam Paradigma Sosial Keagamaan 11, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2018): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/almaiyyah.v11i2.660.
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The birth of X, Y, Z and Alpha generations cannot be denied, given the rapid development of technology. The formation of the character of Alpha Generation or Gen-A which was born in 2010 is a concern and a challenge for parents in shaping the personality of a civilized and humanitarian child. This article is motivated by a critical review of the conditions of intolerance among religious people. Where the soul of intolerance that arises in a person is due to the absence of a sense of humanity and civilized human elements in themselves. One of the main causes is the influence of misuse of technology which has led to the birth of the Alpha Generation that is enslaved by technology. A person's social life deteriorates so that he does not respect differences. The use of technology well can avoid the anti-tolerant nature and be able to form prospective generations who are civilized and humane in accordance with Islamic values. The provision of technological education for children of old age can not be separated from the role of parents as the first madrasa for children. The habit of children will be difficult to change when from the beginning parents do not do education in the family through parenting education. Parenting education is one of the efforts made by parents in educating, nurturing and teaching children.
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Weaver, Karol Kovalovich. "“Her Infant at Her Breast”: Breastfeeding as Survival and Resistance in Colonial Haiti". Journal of Women's History 35, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2023): 76–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2023.a913383.
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Abstract: This article analyzes published sources, archival records, and prints and paintings to show that, over the course of the eighteenth century, white colonists in Saint-Domingue attempted unsuccessfully to dehumanize enslaved persons by exploiting their breasts as sources of productive and reproductive labor and by disfiguring them by means of brands. Enslaved women and men resisted that control. Despite being branded, enslaved persons ran away. Knowing the tremendous cultural and social value accorded to their breasts, enslaved women, whether as mothers or othermothers, pursued a strategy of subversive breastfeeding. By so doing, they nurtured children and sustained survival, including fugitive networks. Ultimately, these Black mothers impacted how freedom was defined and imagined both during and long after the Haitian Revolution. These findings contribute to histories of the breast, the Haitian Revolution, intimate labor, and the body. They make visible women and their decisions in challenging enslavement.
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Candioti, Magdalena. "Free Womb Law, Legal Asynchronies, and Migrations". Americas 77, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2019.109.
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AbstractThis article analyzes in depth the history of Petrona, an enslaved woman sold in Santa Fe (Argentina), sent to Buenos Aires and later possibly to Montevideo (Uruguay). By reconstructing her case, the article demonstrates how the legal status of enslaved persons was affected by the redefinitions of jurisdictions and by the forced or voluntary crossings between political units. This study also shows the circulation and uses of the Free Womb law in Argentina and Uruguay and traces legal experts’ debates over its meaning. At the same time, it reflects on the knowledge enslaved people had of those abolitionist norms and how they used them to resist forced relocations, attempt favorable migrations, or achieve full freedom. The article crosses analytical dimensions and historiographies—legal, social, and political— and articulates them by reflecting more broadly on these factors: the impact of the revolution of independence on enslaved persons’ lives, the scarce circulation of abolitionist public discourse in Río de la Plata, the gendered bias of the process, and the central yet untold uses of antislavery rhetoric in the national narratives.
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Lachance, Paul F. "The Formation of a Three-Caste Society: Evidence from Wills in Antebellum New Orleans". Social Science History 18, n.º 2 (1994): 211–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016990.
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In the Americas, two types of racial systems developed at the confluence of migration streams from Europe and Africa. In the Caribbean, free persons of color emerged as an intermediary group between whites and large populations of Negro slaves. In British mainland colonies, whites came to treat all blacks, whether free or enslaved, mulatto or Negro, as a single social category (Hoetink 1967; Mörner 1967: 136–38).
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Toledano, Ehud R. "Enslavement and Freedom in Transition". Journal of Global Slavery 2, n.º 1-2 (2017): 100–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00201002.
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This article explores the transition from enslavement to post-emancipation realities in the Muslim-majority societies of the Middle East and North Africa during the last stage of empire and the first phase of nation-building. The main argument is that within enslavement, there were gradations of bondage and servitude, not merely a dichotomy between free and enslaved. The various social positions occupied by the enslaved are best understood as points on a continuum of social, economic, and cultural realities. In turn, these were reproduced after emancipation in the successor states that emerged following the demise of the Ottoman and Qajar empires, the Sharifian state in Morocco, and the various principalities of the Arab/Persian Gulf. Hence, post-emancipation did not create equal citizenship for all freed persons, but rather the inequality within enslavement transitioned into the post-imperial societies of the Middle East and North Africa.
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Garreto, Gairo, João Santos Baptista y Antônia Mota. "Characterisation of Contemporary Slavery through the Analysis of Accommodation Conditions". Social Sciences 11, n.º 5 (13 de mayo de 2022): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11050214.
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Slave labour or work in conditions analogous to slavery continues on all continents and sometimes tends to be mistaken for “simple” violations of labour laws. Therefore, this work aims to identify parameters that allow distinguishing between situations of non-compliance with labour legislation and modern rural slavery in Brazil through the analysis of accommodation conditions. To achieve this objective, a bibliographic research was developed in six databases on sanitary, accommodation and clothing issues of enslaved workers in the 19th century in Brazil. The resulting data were compared with data from a sample of 392 proven cases of neoslavery detected between 2007 and 2017 in Brazil. The analysis focused on the general conditions of the physical structures necessary to protect workers against bad weather, animal attacks, violence, sanitary conditions to support physiological and asepsis needs, as well as the clothing provided and used. Similarities were found in the accommodation conditions between enslaved and neoenslaved workers in Brazil between the 19th and 21st centuries. The availability of sanitary conditions (toilets), rest (bedrooms/dormitories), and the general housing structure are very similar. Future research may point towards identifying other parameters and developing a tool to help authorities unequivocally identify neoslavery situations.
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Schiel, Juliane y Christian G. De Vito. "Contextualizing the History of the Enslaved". Journal of Global Slavery 5, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2020): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00502001.
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Abstract This introduction highlights the contribution of the special issue to a radical contextualisation of the history of the enslaved. In particular, it suggests that the conditions and circumstances that foster or hamper practices of enslavement need to be studied as part of a broader set of labor relations. And it proposes that shifts in the practices of enslavement are closely related to broader transitions in power relations. This double expansion allows connecting the history of enslavement and the enslaved with broader themes in labor and social history.
Tesis sobre el tema "Enslaved persons, social conditions"
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Sandeen, Loucynda Elayne. "Who Owns This Body? Enslaved Women's Claim on Themselves". PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1492.
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During the antebellum period of U.S. slavery (1830-1861), many people claimed ownership of the enslaved woman's body, both legally and figuratively. The assumption that they were merely property, however, belies the unstable, shifting truths about bodily ownership. This thesis inquires into the gendered specifics and ambiguities of the law, the body, and women under slavery. By examining the particular bodily regulation and exploitation of enslaved women, especially around their reproductive labor, I suggest that new operations of oppression and also of resistance come into focus.
The legal structure recognized enslaved women in the interest of owners, and this limitation was defining, meaning that justice flowed in one direction. If married white women were "civilly dead," as famously evoked by the Declaration of Sentiments (1848) then enslaved women were civilly non-existent. The law controlled, but did not protect slaves, and a number of opponents to slavery denounced this contradictory scenario during the antebellum era (and before). Literally, enslaved women were claimed by their masters, purchased and sold as chattel. Physically, they were claimed by those men (both white and black) who sought to have power over them. Symbolically, they were claimed by anti-slavers and pro-slavers alike when it suited their purposes, often in the domains of news and literature, for the sake of advancing their ideas, a rich record of which fills court cases, newsprint, and propaganda touching the slavery issue before the civil war.
Due to the numerous ways that enslaved women's bodies have been claimed, owned, or circulated in markets, it may have been considered implicit to many that others owned their bodies. I believe that this is an oversimplified historical supposition that needs to be re-theorized. Indeed, enslaved women lived in a time when they were often led to believe that their bodies were not truly their own, and yet, many of them resisted their particular forms of oppression by claiming ownership of their bodies and those of their children; sometimes using rather extreme methods to keep from contributing to their oppression. In other words, slave owners' monopoly of the legal, economic, and logistical meanings of ownership of slaves had to be constantly reaffirmed and negotiated. This thesis asks: who owned the enslaved woman's body? I seek to emphasize that enslaved women were valid claimants of themselves as can seen in primary sources that today have only been given limited expression in the historiography.
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Kabuye, Rosette. "Approaches to fighting poverty among older persons in Uganda : a study of Wakiso and Luwero districts". Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/51997/.
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Uganda experienced significant economic growth from 1992 to 2009. Following economic restructuring, the national poverty rate fell from about 56 per cent in 1992 to 25 per cent in 2009/10. However, while the overall proportion of the people living in poverty dropped significantly, in 2007, 64 per cent of older people were still living below the poverty line (Help Age International, 2007). Older people in Uganda make up 4.2 per cent of the total population which is 30.7 million. They are economically active: 84 per cent are involved with agriculture. However, over 90 per cent of the older persons live in rural areas where poverty rates are higher than in urban areas. Older people are vulnerable owing to HIV/AIDs: 12 per cent of Ugandan children are AIDS orphans and a quarter of these live in a household headed by an older person. In addition, out of the 16 per cent of the population with a disability, older people comprise 53 per cent. Furthermore, more than half of the older persons have never been to school. However, the majority of older persons provide for their households, this challenges the government position that ‘older people are generally too weak to perform productive work and are economically dependent on others’ (UNHS, 2009/10:137). This thesis focuses on the following questions: What is poverty? What explains the exclusion of older people from poverty reduction programmes? How do older people address poverty in their households?The study used qualitative methods, employing 120 interviews, including in-depth interviews with 18 representatives of government and Community Based Organisations (CBOs) six focus group discussions and 60 semi-structured interviews, to provide insight into the strategies used to fight poverty at the Sub County level. Narrative interviews and observation of non-verbal communication were employed to analyse older people’s experience of Poverty reduction programmes and identify their poverty alleviation strategies. Programme guidelines and policy documents were reviewed to gain detailed information about the backgrounds to the strategies, the modes of implementation and the theories that influenced the strategies. The study was carried out in Katabi and Mbututumula subcounties of Wakiso and Luwero respectively. This study found that the Government and CBO’s official views of what poverty is do not seem to differ much, but when it comes to identification of the poor then differences arise. The research demonstrates that both sectors support the monetary perspective on poverty and identify minimum income and expenditure in terms of a level of consumption below which poverty is identified. This understanding has its roots in an absolute perspective on poverty. Meanwhile, older people’s perspectives on poverty included a wide range of deprivations in their households. For example, the inability to send their grandchildren to school was a common type of self-reported deprivation for the majority of respondents. Older people used a relative concept to define poverty. What was needed for basic survival did depend on the cultural context and involved comparison with what other people in that context could afford. Despite the government’s objective of fighting poverty at the Sub County level, it was clear that government strategies did not include old-age poverty alleviation. Anti-poverty approaches were more strongly linked to the government’s own agenda than to the needs of older people. Yet in all these the older people in poverty were disadvantaged. Older people tended to be excluded by strict eligibility rules and conditions and by individual relationships within the groups formed to tackle poverty. Older people in poverty shy away from Poverty reduction programmes leaving the relatively poor, but those not in absolute poverty, to participate. The participants’ definitions of poverty and living standards observed during the interviews revealed that they were living well above the official poverty line. Furthermore, findings revealed that the right of older people to participate in government Poverty reduction programmes was not supported by legislation and there was limited information available to enable them to demand accountability or even influence policy strategies to address poverty. v In contrast, community based organisations have been remarkable in seeking to reduce poverty among the older persons. Their approach provided support for participation of older people in Poverty reduction programmes. CBOs have conducted skills and possession audits among older people and, based on the results, old-age poverty has been included in development programmes. Such strategies have led to the establishment of credit facilities through community saving schemes and village banks, and age-friendly projects such as hand craft, mat and basket making, mushroom and vegetable growing. These motivate older people to participate and take into account their physical abilities. The formation of groups seems to be a major strategy used by CBOs to enable members to support each other and facilitate both the collective participation in decision making and the barter exchange strategy for goods and services among group members. This study concludes that despite the difficult living conditions of older people in poverty, the majority live independent lives, are self-reliant and use a variety of strategies to address poverty. These include involvement in agriculture, use of community banks, use of manual and business skills, fostering children, family visits, joining religious and collective social groups and training to gain new skills. The present study extends the literature by showing why old age poverty persists despite efforts to counter it. Some implication of the study’s findings are that strict eligibility rules should be used to ensure that poverty alleviation support reaches those who need it most, the formation of groups should not be used as a condition to qualify for government support, information on anti-poverty programmes should be readily available to older persons in poverty and best practices from CBOs and individuals should be incorporated in anti-poverty policies. Keywords: Uganda, poverty alleviation strategies, anti-poverty, older people, community based organisations, government, older people associations.
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Lesko, Igor. "Attitudes and beliefs around HIV and AIDS stigma: the impact of the film "The sky in her eyes"". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This research explored cultural perceptions of HIV&AIDS with students at the University of the Western Cape and attempted to understand how these perceptions of the disease reinforce stigma and stigmatising attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS. This study investigated HIV/AIDS stigma as a social phenomenon and analysed the socio-cultural and historical roots of HIV/AIDS stigma.
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Willoughby, Kate. "The moderating influence of resilience on childhood trauma : towards an understanding in homeless persons". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/163083/.
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Resilience is offered as a theoretical framework from which the competent functioning of a small proportion of survivors of childhood trauma can be understood. Despite the likely deleterious impact of abuse and neglect some individuals continue to thrive and achieve positive outcomes. The literature investigating protective factors implicated in resilience to childhood trauma is reviewed. Studies indicate that certain individual and environmental protective factors provide encouraging experiences and promote positive adaptation. Although current literature needs to move to a more process orientated approach for investigating resilience, existing findings offer valuable insights for the direction of prevention and intervention programmes for at-risk populations. This focus on strengths rather than deficits paves the way for innovative approaches especially with disenfranchised groups who might otherwise be less receptive, for instance individuals marginalised from society such as homeless individuals. On this basis, the empirical study investigated the relationship between childhood trauma and maladaptive coping and the relative influence of resilience, in homeless individuals. A significant relationship between childhood physical abuse and maladaptive coping existed, which was moderated by high levels of resilience. It is postulated that resilience in the homeless population may have a greater protective effect against maladaptive coping as severity of childhood physical abuse decreases. Studies replicating these findings in this and other disenfranchised groups are essential in order to fully understand the role of resilience and potential benefit of promoting and enhancing resilience and coping in reducing tenancy breakdown and therefore chronic and repeated homelessness.
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Stack, Erin Elizabeth. "Empowerment in Community-Based Participatory Research with Persons with Developmental Disabilities: Perspectives of Community Researchers". PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/550.
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Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a research approach that benefits from the expertise of community members being involved in the research along all stages of a project (Israel et al., 2003). CBPR is often utilized with marginalized populations in order to amplify a community's voice on important issues in their lives (Bastida, Tseng, McKeever, & Jack, 2010; Minkler & Wallerstein, 2008). In the past, persons with disability have been excluded from research in order to protect them from exploitation. This practice of exclusion undermines opportunities for persons with disabilities to be independent and make decisions that are important for themselves and their communities. Exclusion also limits the generation of new knowledge that can benefit them (McDonald & Keys, 2008). Through involvement on a CBPR project, persons with disabilities are given the opportunity to become empowered within the context of the project (Atkinson, 2004; Oden, Hernandez, & Hidalgo, 2010). This study examined empowerment definitions, evolution of empowerment definitions, and facilitators and barriers to community partners with and without disabilities becoming empowered through their work on a CBPR project. Overall, community partners' definitions of empowerment related to individual and setting-level characteristics. Individual-level empowerment was defined as self-efficacy, self-esteem, control over decision-making, and disability rights advocacy. Facilitators to empowerment within the CBPR process were promoting inclusion, promoting an accessible partnership, sharing of power within and between groups, and actively sharing and gaining knowledge within and between groups. Inaccessible communication, inaccessible language, and lack of project ownership were identified as possible barriers to empowerment. In most cases, empowerment definitions remained stable across one's work on this project, but there were instances of positive change in the lives of some community partners who expressed being empowered through the partnership. CBPR provides an opportunity for persons with developmental disabilities to be included in the research processes as well as possibly gain important qualities throughout, such as empowerment. This study situated the individual's empowerment beliefs and behaviors within the CBPR setting, identifying both facilitators and barriers, and provides support that a CBPR process can be empowering for community partners. Future research in collaboration with community partners should continue to focus on empowerment in all stages of the research project, local collaborations, and continued diversity of community engagement in research. Engaging in a formal reflection process and documenting the process for other researchers to learn from diverse barriers and facilitators to empowerment is encouraged.
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Carnow, Jacobus Johannes. "Older persons' care as life care : a pastoral assessment of the ecclesia praxis within the African Methodist Episcopal Church in South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96584.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is a pastoral care strategy for the affirmation of the dignity of the poor Black older persons. In this study there is a discussion of how the poor Black older persons suffered the defacement of their dignity under Apartheid and how to a large extent their dignity is still being defaced under the new democratic dispensation in South Africa. These poor Black older persons are victims of various forms of older person abuse. They experience the prejudice of ageism intensely as it is exacerbated by racism; and with no appropriate medical and health strategies in place to provide quality health care; and with inappropriate housing, social services, and residential care services, their dignity is denied. Due to past discriminatory laws and policies these vulnerable older persons suffer the consequences of low levels of formal education within an environment of engineered poverty and racial discrimination which made it impossible for them to enter into quality employment which would enable them to provide adequately for old age. The deprivation thus experienced made it difficult for them to flourish economically and otherwise. At present they are still marginalised and they experience intense forms of loneliness. These poor Black older persons continue to suffer humiliation and indignity in spite of legislation and policies purporting to ensure their well-being. Within a society embracing a neo-liberalist philosophy they are considered unimportant as they do not contribute productively to the economic well-being of the community and are therefore relegated to the lowest ranks of society. With the effacement of their dignity through socially constructed systems their human development is seriously hampered, resulting in a disintegration of human wholeness. The inequality that the poor Black older persons suffer is an indictment against humanity as these older persons have the right to feel at home on the planet. Due to the fact that they are not recognised as having been created in the image and likeness of God, their uniqueness and distinctness as human beings are denied, their identities distorted, and they are not considered worthy citizens. In order to affirm the dignity of the poor Black older persons a practical theological methodology as proposed by Osmer (2008) and consisting of four tasks, has been employed. The notion of a moral economy for the affirmation of the dignity of these poor Black older persons has been utilised. With the moral economy orientation linked with a Liberation Theology methodology the dignity of the poor Black older persons is affirmed as a personal attribute based on the older persons being a category of people being carried into old age by God, enjoying privileged positions of honour and respect, and being eschatological signs and symbols of God’s goodwill towards restored communities in Christ. Within a moral economy the values of reciprocity, responsibility, and interdependence are used to affirm the dignity of these older persons intergenerationally and contextually.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is ʼn pastorale sorg strategie vir die bevestiging van die menswaardigheid van die arm Swart ouer persone. In hierdie studie word daar aangedui hoe die arm Swart ouer persone se menswaardigheid onder Apartheid en in ‘n groot mate in die nuwe demokratiese dispensasie geskend is. Die arm Swart ouer persone het die slagoffers geword van verskeie vorms van misbruik. Die diskriminasie teen ouderdom word intensief deur hulle ervaar soos dit vererger word deur rassisme; en met geen behoorlike mediese en gesondheidstrategieë in plek om in die behoefte van hierdie kwesbare ouer persone te voorsien nie; en met gebrekkige behuising, sosiale dienste en onvoldoende plekke van sorg vir ouer mense, is die menswaardigheid van hierdie ouer mense erg misken. Weens historiese diskriminerende wette en regeringbeleid ly hierdie kwesbare ouer persone die gevolge van lae vlakke van formele opvoeding binne ‘n omgewing waar armoede kunsmatig geskep is en waar rassediskriminasie geheers het. Hierdie omstandighede het dit vir hulle onmoontlik gemaak om kwaliteit werk te kry wat hulle in staat sou stel om toepaslik vir die ouderdom voor te berei. Die ontberinge wat gevolglik gely word, maak hulle ekonomiese en andersydse ontwikkeling onmoontlik. Hulle is gemarginaliseerd en ly aan intense eensaamheid. Hierdie arm Swart ouer persone gaan voort om vernedering en onmenswaardighede te ly ongeag van wetgewing en beleidstukke bedoel vir hul welsyn. Binne die gemeenskap wat ‘n neoliberalisties filosofie aanvaar, word hierdie ouer mense misken omdat hulle nie produktief tot die ekonomiese welvaart van die gemeenskap bydra nie, en daarom word hulle beskou as sonder enige sosiale kapitaal wat hulle dan sosio-ekonomies op die laagste vlak van die gemeenskap sonder enige erkenning van hulle menswaarde en menswaardigheid plaas. Met die skending van hul menswaardigheid deur sosiaal gekonstrueerde sisteme word hul menslike opbloei ernstig gestrem wat lei tot die disintegrasie van menslike heelheid binne die demokratiese bestel van die Republiek van Suid- Afrika. Die ongelykheid wat die arm Swart ouer mense ly is ‘n klag teen die mensdom omdat hierdie ouer mense ontuis voel op die planeet. Hierdie groep is na die beeld van God geskape, maar hulle uniekheid en besondersheid word miskien. Om die menswaardigheid van hierdie arm Swart ouer mense na te gaan, is ’n praktiese teologiese metodologie gebruik soos voorgestel deur Osmer (2008) en word die vier teologiese take soos deur hierdie metodologie voorgestel, gevolg. Betreffende die vierde taak van hierdie metodologie is die konsep van ’n morele ekonomie gebruik vir die bevestiging van die menswaardigheid van die arm Swart ouer persone. Met die skakel van hierdie morele ekonomiese oriёntering met die Bevrydingsteologiese metodologie is die menswaardigheid van die arm Swart ouer persone bevestig as ’n persoonlike eienskap gebaseer of die feit dat hulle ’n kategorie van mense is wat deur God in die ouderdom gedra word, wat dan bevoorregte posisies van eer en respek geniet as eskatologiese tekens en simbole van God se toegeneëntheid teenoor herstelde gemeenskappe in Christus. Binne ’n morele ekonomie word die waardes van wedersydsheid, verantwoordelikheid, en interafhanklikheid gebruik om die menswaardigheid van hierdie ouer mense intergenerasioneel en kontekstueel te bevestig.
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Hooker, Elizabeth. "Here, We Are Walking on a Clothesline: Statelessness and Human (In)Security Among Burmese Women Political Exiles Living in Thailand". PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/897.
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An estimated twelve million people worldwide are stateless, or living without the legal bond of citizenship or nationality with any state, and consequently face barriers to employment, property ownership, education, health care, customary legal rights, and national and international protection. More than one-quarter of the world's stateless people live in Thailand. This feminist ethnography explores the impact of statelessness on the everyday lives of Burmese women political exiles living in Thailand through the paradigm of human security and its six indicators: food, economic, personal, political, health, and community security. The research reveals that exclusion from national and international legal protections creates pervasive and profound political and personal insecurity due to violence and harassment from state and non-state actors. Strong networks, however, between exiled activists and their organizations provide community security, through which stateless women may access various levels of food, economic, and health security. Using the human security paradigm as a metric, this research identifies acute barriers to Burmese stateless women exiles' experiences and expectations of well-being, therefore illustrating the potential of human security as a measurement by which conflict resolution scholars and practitioners may describe and evaluate their work in the context of positive peace.
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Leech, Jessica F. "Strangers within our midst? : panhandling, identity and community conflict in Canada". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29514.
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Across Canada, municipalities have been struggling to alleviate the poverty of increasing numbers of homeless people and panhandlers on city streets. Simultaneously, tensions have risen between these street people and the general public. This thesis is a narrative study of the current conflict between panhandlers and other community stakeholders in Calgary, Alberta. This study presents the diverse viewpoints and voices of people who panhandle, homeless people, the general public, the downtown business community, social service providers, city bureaucrats and police officers. This study examines how identity politics and broader social ideologies shape face-to-face street encounters and influence debates over public policy at an institutional level. The relationship between panhandlers and the public is typically one marked by social distance. The current approach to panhandlers involves treating them as "strangers within our midst." This approach undermines their citizenship and heightens tensions within the community more so than would an approach that emphasizes their commonality with the larger society and their rights within civic space.
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Umb-Carlsson, Õie. "Living conditions of people with intellectual disabilities : a study of health, housing, work, leisure and social relations in a Swedish county population /". Uppsala : Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Ulleråker, University Hospital, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:bn:se:uu:diva-6143.
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Tang, Yuen-man y 鄧沅雯. "Language and identity positioning of multilingual Southeast Asian sojourners in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50162858.
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Modern transportation has given rise to and facilitated the movement and mobility of populations. While much critical attention has been drawn to the permanent migration of the mobile population, very few scholars in the field of sociolinguistics have stressed the temporary movement of the group of travelers who are subsumed under the appellation, “the sojourner”. In addition, previous research predominantly focused on non-English speakers sojourning to English-dominant countries (Haneda and Monobe, 2009; Lee, 2008; Own, 1999), thus largely neglecting the multilingual contexts in Asia. To fill this scholarly gap, small-scale research was conducted by employing two frameworks, Social Network Theory (Milroy, 1980) and Community of Practice (Wenger, 1998; Eckert & McConnell-Ginet, 1992), to examine linguistic practices and identity positioning of Southeast Asian (SEA) sojourners when they interact with Hongkongers and other sojourners. In particular, it tackles a more complex language contact situation in which two major lingua francas, namely English and Mandarin, are available. This study was conducted in a higher education dance school in Hong Kong and three SEA sojourn students were recruited. Multi-faceted identities and multiple communities of practices are found: (1) at Communal Level: Cantonese is the shared linguistic repertoire of this dance community and three SEA sojourn students form the weakest ties with local students; (2) at Group Level: both Mandarin and English are adopted and stronger ties are established with other overseas sojourn students; and (3) at Individual Level: Singapore English is the dominant code choice used among these three SEA sojourners and they are bound together by the strongest ties. Instances of trilingual code-mixing and code-switching are also found in the interaction among the sojourners and Hong Kong locals. The two theories, Social Network Theory and Community of Practice, are complementary in accounting for the social organization of multilingual communities. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the complexity of multilingual communities with the aforesaid language contact in Hong Kong as a case in point.published_or_final_version
English
Master
Master of Philosophy
Libros sobre el tema "Enslaved persons, social conditions"
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Beckles, Hilary. Natural rebels: A social history of enslaved black women in Barbados. London: Zed, 1989.
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Beckles, Hilary. Natural rebels: A social history of enslaved Black women in Barbados. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1989.
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1949-, Finkelman Paul, ed. The Culture and community of slavery. New York: Garland, 1989.
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J, Heglar Charles, ed. The life and adventures of Henry Bibb: An American slave. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2001.
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S, Dunn Hopeton, ed. Emancipation: The lessons & the legacy. Kingston, Jamaica: Arawak, 2007.
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American Slavery As It Was In 1839: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. Badgley Publishing Company, 2013.
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African American Slave Narratives: An Anthology. Pearson Education, 2001.
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African American Slave Narratives: An Anthology. Pearson Education, 2001.
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African American Slave Narratives: An Anthology. Pearson Education, 2001.
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Manual Creation: Defining the Structure of an M/s Household. The Nazca Plains Corporation, 2007.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Enslaved persons, social conditions"
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Vink, Stef. "Experiences of enslaved persons with criminal justice and social control in Curaçao, 1730–1740". En Diversity and Empires, 95–112. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003315735-8.
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Kerschen, Nicole. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Luxembourg". En IMISCOE Research Series, 285–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_19.
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Abstract For over 100 years, Luxembourg has been an immigration country. In 2019, 93% of the resident population are European citizens. Luxembourg nationals represent 53% of the entire population, nationals from other European Union (EU) Member States 40% and non-EU foreigners 7%. These three groups have different rights regarding residence and access to work in Luxembourg. All persons engaged in a professional activity in Luxembourg, whatever their nationality or residence, are covered by a compulsory social security system. The essence of the Welfare State, whose origins date back to the Customs Union with Germany, is Bismarckian. It protects workers against the following social risks: unemployment, sickness and maternity, long-term care needs, family, invalidity and old age. Family members are entitled to derived rights. Regarding health-care and old age pensions, it is possible to subscribe a voluntary insurance under specific conditions. A guaranteed minimum income, recently reformed, is accessible to everybody residing legally in Luxembourg under specific conditions. For non-EU foreigners, a residence for at least 5 years during the last 20 years or the possession of a long-term resident status is required.
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Eve, Michael. "Networks in Migration Processes". En IMISCOE Research Series, 179–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94972-3_9.
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AbstractMuch of the work on the networks of migrants and their descendants concentrates mainly on the ethnicity of the persons in the network; however, if we are interested in the way networks reinforce ethnic inequalities or foster social mobility, other dimensions may be at least as important as the ethnic composition. In this chapter I describe how migration itself, rather than ethnic identification, shapes social networks. Even in times of electronic communication, space has effects on social relationships, for many social transactions (from child care to commensality) fundamental for maintaining social relationships are difficult or impossible at a distance. Migration is age-selective and this has effects on ties formed in the place of immigration. Labour migration has strong effects on the neighbourhoods migrant families end up in, and these in turn affect the schools their children go to and who they play with outside the home. Most migration is class-selective, forming networks more class-homogeneous in the place of immigration than in the place of departure. So a series of factors linked specifically to ‘the migration process’ have structural effects on the social networks of migrants and their descendants. In this chapter I draw on studies of internal and international migration to show that these effects are important even where citizenship is not at issue. I argue that there are, in fact, marked similarities in the networks of internal and international labour migrants, for example, in the tendency (under certain conditions) to form networks made up primarily of persons from the same place of origin. So I suggest that “the migration process” may affect migrants’ social networks as much as ethnic dynamics. And that this throws light on the social mechanisms behind the forms of inequality documented in many migration contexts. Drawing on qualitative interviews with different types of (internal and international) migrants, I show that the initial social ties used to achieve one’s transfer from one place to another (e.g. a classic migration chain, or professional contacts) have lasting effects, and that these explain some differences between the networks formed by “skilled” and “unskilled” migrants (more work-based in the former case, more kin-based in the latter). I also show how the networks formed by children of migrants are shaped by the specific conditions (net of class) of labour migration.
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Bergmann, Jonas. "Costa: Flood Displacement During the 2017 Coastal El Niño in Peru". En Studien zur Migrations- und Integrationspolitik, 249–318. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42298-1_7.
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AbstractThe research interest in Peru’s western arid coast (Costa) was in the well-being of persons displaced short distances away from their homes by floods during the 2017 Coastal El Niño (CEN) event for two reasons. First, Peru’s coast is periodically affected by severe El Niño-driven rainfall, which climate change will increase significantly in this century. Second, related floods are the main driver of displacement on Peru’s coast. The 2017 CEN floods, specifically, were the largest push for such displacement over the past decade in Peru, with close to 300,000 cases. Thus, examining the well-being of displaced persons from villages in the Piura Region after the 2017 CEN provides a useful temporal analog for future challenges. In the first section of this chapter, I provide information on the geographical context, measured and projected climate change, exposure, vulnerabilities, local coping and adaptation, and hazard-related migration by Peru’s coast. Then, I explain the new qualitative and quantitative results of this case study of displaced persons’ well-being following the 2017 CEN. Findings underline that the displacement occurred under high structural constraints, including severe climate risks and deficient DRR/DRM; poverty and inequality; limited livelihood options; tenure insecurity; poor and hardly accessible basic services; weak governance; and limited political participation. Conversely, structural opportunities were low. As a result, the severe and abrupt CEN floods caused forced, survival migration with detrimental conditions for moving and settling. Throughout the lifecycle of displacement, people suffered extreme losses, which continued to worsen their prospects for development from a secure base and a space to live better. Conversely, social relatedness remained similar after moving. Because displacement has become prolonged without substantial improvements, people’s need fulfillment, long-term asset base, and capacities for climate adaptation have worsened. Consequently, most displaced persons evaluated their need fulfillment as negative, and only few experienced partial positive feelings or cognitive satisfaction despite their plight. Expectations for the future were mostly negative and resulted in prevalent enforced fear as well as some fragile adjustment. Based on these findings in this case, I conclude by deriving more general propositions on the well-being impacts of climate migration.
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McPherson, Lionel K. "Caste Impurity". En The Afterlife of Race, 105–10. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197626849.003.0016.
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Abstract The purity doctrine of whiteness, as this section describes it, equates truly being white with having no traceable non-European ancestors. In America, persons of mixed continental descent who had African ancestry that was known were thereby “black.” Race law was never about who persons truly are by natural race, biological family, or personal identity. Virginia in 1662 legally established inherited slavery via the enslaved (Africa-identified) “condition of the mother.” Having mixed continental ancestry was always known to be compatible with black/Negro identity; “Negro blood” was merely a proxy for social lineage in the “Slaves” caste. The section argues that the purpose of America’s color caste hierarchy was to conserve unambiguous Anglo/European hegemony and an Africa-identified bottom caste marked by slavery. Yet, the section shows, living as white or “passing” has not required legal membership in the white caste or escape from legal blackness.
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"“Of Every Age Sex and Condition”". En Family, Slavery, and Love in the Early American Republic, editado por Barry Bienstock, Annette Gordon-Reed y Peter S. Onuf, 185–211. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469665634.003.0011.
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The framers of the US Constitution did not simply assume and accommodate contemporary ideas of gender and race. Invoking the sovereignty of the people, James Wilson articulated a liberal definition of citizenship including women and free Black people that was broadly acceptable to his colleagues. Drawing on Scottish Enlightenment conceptions of mankind’s natural sociability and reflecting the emergence of polite and civil society in the Euro-American world, Wilson championed a modern conception of companionate marriage and a sentimental justification of coverture (and divorce) as the social foundation of the new nation’s republican regime. The fulfilment of Wilson’s democratic vision was fatefully compromised over the course of sustained debates about the representation of enslaved people as property that culminated in the Three-Fifths Clause. The resulting representation of persons and property proved to be the sine qua non of union that anticipated the narrowing scope of female and free Black participation in the new nation’s public sphere.
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Turner, Grace. "Bioarchaeological Analysis of Remains". En Honoring Ancestors in Sacred Space. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400202.003.0006.
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Presumably in constructing the sidewalk, the bones from these shallow burials were disposed of elsewhere. Remains of five adults and one child were excavated. Seven subadult teeth were surface-collected around a hole at the western edge of the site. Being buried in moist sand meant that most bones excavated were fragmented. Bones and teeth were examined for evidence of pathologies. This small sample is not representative of the community, but the pathologies provide insight on these persons’ lives. The linea aspera on the only femur excavated is fairly robust. The individual’s sex was indeterminate, but this ambiguity reinforced the point that both men and women in this community engaged in physically demanding work. Cranial fragments from two individuals were thickened, an indicator of anemia resulting from nutritional deficiency or disease. Cribra orbitalia was noted in the eye socket of one individual, another indicator of nutritional deficiency. Two of the child’s incisors have transverse lines, evidence of enamel hypoplasia, an indicator of infectious disease and nutritional stress. Individuals buried in this cemetery were likely of low social status, living in congested and unsanitary conditions with limited food. These pathologies raise questions about the extent these conditions existed among African-Bahamian communities. Economic opportunities for free and enslaved workers would have been limited.
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Vidal, Cécile. "“The Mulatto of the House”". En Caribbean New Orleans, 183–243. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469645186.003.0005.
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This chapter contends that the household needs to be considered as a crucial category of analysis to determine how French New Orleans society became racialized. As censuses demonstrate, the urban milieu brought people of all conditions and backgrounds together within small residential units. This intimate coexistence tempered the slave system which always involved personal interactions in the city. This closeness, however, did not entirely protect urban slaves from exploitation and violence. In both domestic households and residential institutions such as the hospitals and the Ursuline convent, various mechanisms were used to create social distance and maintain the racial divide. As for the soldiers who lived in the only residential institution which did not rely on slave labor—the barracks—they fought hard not to be confused with the enslaved.
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Weaver, Carrie L. "Disability". En Marginalised Populations in the Ancient Greek World, 102–62. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474415255.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the bioarchaeological evidence of physical difference in the Late Archaic/Classical Greek world (ca. sixth to fifth/fourth centuries BCE). Although material from the Greek mainland is the primary focus of this investigation, case studies from earlier and later periods of Greek history, as well as Greek colonial contexts, are incorporated to illustrate patterns of continuity and/or change. The chapter begins with a description of theoretical models of disability employed within the field of disability studies. Since literary accounts suggest that some individuals born with conspicuous congenital conditions were rejected shortly after birth, the next section examines the practice of infant exposure. The discussion that follows focuses on physical differences that are detectable on human skeletal remains, namely those associated with the limbs, stature, the cranium and non-binary sex and gender. The bioarchaeological evidence of these conditions is surveyed and examined in the context of contemporary literary and visual sources. The chapter concludes with a consideration of intersectionality and the ways in which the coalescence of multiple marginalising factors (e.g. a person who has a curved spine and is enslaved) can negatively impact social integration.
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Forsdyke, Sara. "How to Find a New Master". En Voiceless, Invisible, and Countless in Ancient Greece, 184–206. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191995514.003.0008.
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Abstract This chapter aims to expand our appreciation of the ways that enslaved persons in ancient Greece resisted their enslavers. It does so by examining a range of strategies pursued by the enslaved that aimed to secure transfer from a cruel to a more benevolent enslaver. First, the chapter demonstrates how some enslaved persons leveraged provisions in the law requiring slaves who had committed crimes to be handed over to the victim for punishment. By colluding with alleged ‘victims’ of these crimes, enslaved persons were thereby transferred to a new owner. Secondly, the chapter explores the role of temples as a place of refuge for abused slaves. It suggests that enslaved persons exploited this feature of religious norms to negotiate for transfer to a new enslaver. The chapter ends with some reflections on the number and social position of enslaved persons who might have been able to deploy these strategies.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Enslaved persons, social conditions"
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Закраилова, Бирлант Руслановна. "SOCIAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF FORMATION NAMES OF PERSONS BY PROFESSION". En Сборник избранных статей по материалам научных конференций ГНИИ «Нацразвитие» (Санкт-Петербург, Июнь 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/jun317.2021.75.58.004.
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Системность группы наименований лиц по профессии закрепляется жёсткими рамками социальных условий, а внутри неё действует тенденция к регулярности обозначений. Эти наименования связаны с трудовой жизнью людей, важнейшей для существования общества, что делает их устойчивыми и социально значимыми. Во многих языках сложилась единая терминология наименований, за профессиями закрепилось твёрдо установленное содержание, отражённое в специальных документах. Наименования лиц по профессии являются терминами и, таким образом, частью языка для специальных целей. The consistency of the group of names of persons by profession is fixed by the rigid framework of social conditions, and within it there is a tendency towards the regularity of designations. These names are associated with the working life of people, which is essential for the existence of society, which makes them sustainable and socially significant. In many languages, a unified naming terminology has developed, the professions have a firmly established content reflected in special documents. Profession names are terms and thus part of the language for specific purposes.
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Svetlikova, Daniela. "WORKING CONDITIONS OF PERSONS WORKING IN A FOREIGN HOUSEHOLD - ILO CONVENTION". En 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/12/s02.104.
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Vitkovska, Inna. "Financial assistance to victims of war and internally displaced persons". En Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.161.
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Background: the author's analysis of the website of the Ministry of Social Policy, the websites of public and charitable organizations allowed us to conclude that the main trends and directions of their work after the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine include: an increase in the number of public, charitable organizations, volunteer headquarters, which are oriented to help the army, to internally displaced persons, centers for displaced persons and victims of war, payment of monetary aid and assistance with evacuation to safe places in Ukraine or abroad. Purpose: describe the main international and domestic non-governmental organizations that provided financial assistance to war victims and internally displaced persons. Methods: method of content analysis of websites. Results: the number of internally displaced persons increased from 1.5 million in 2014 to 7.1 million in 2022. During 2022-2023, millions of internally displaced persons received and continue to receive monthly cash assistance for living from the state, free social services, humanitarian and food aid, etc. In addition, Ukrainians affected by military actions and internally displaced persons received and continue to receive financial assistance from international and domestic non-governmental organizations. Conclusion: the author's analysis is only one attempt to generalize the providers of monetary assistance to war victims and internally displaced persons in wartime conditions and, of course, is not exhaustive. We can conclude that financial aid from international and domestic organizations plays an important role in supporting Ukrainians who have fallen into a difficult life situation. Keywords: charitable organizations, internally displaced persons, monetary assistance, nongovernmental organizations.
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Urusova, Olga I. "Socio-pedagogical conditions for forming social experience in persons with severe multiple disabilities". En Специальное образование: методология, практика, исследования. Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/978-5-00089-532-0-2021-270-279.
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The article examines the socio-pedagogical conditions for the formation of social experience in persons with severe multiple developmental disabilities in the center of correctional and developmental education and rehabilitation and in the territorial center of social services for the population. The features of the use of special methods, techniques, teaching aids and correction of persons with severe multiple impairments are described, taking into account three groups of social and pedagogical conditions: structural and functional, adaptive and adaptive, social and psychological.
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Urusova, Olga Ivanovna. "Socio-pedagogical conditions for forming social experience in persons with severe multiple disabilities". En СПЕЦИАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ, ПРАКТИКА, ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Ярославль: Ярославский государственный педагогический университет им. К.Д. Ушинского, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/978-5-00089-251-4-2021-270-279.
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Timohina, Tatiana, Olga Pavlova y Nadezhda Pugacheva. "Model of tutor support for disabled persons and persons with special educational needs in the conditions of inclusive education of the moscow region". En IV International research conference "Information technologies in Science, Management, Social sphere and Medicine" (ITSMSSM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/itsmssm-17.2017.71.
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Perehudova, Tatiana. "Social protection in case of unemployment: modern world practices". En International Scientific-Practical Conference "Economic growth in the conditions of globalization". National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.iv.2023.17.16.
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The publication is dedicated to considering the features of social policy and mechanisms of social protection in the event of unemployment in the developed countries of the world, which have undergone changes as a result of the slowdown in economic growth and the strengthening of the influence of institutional factors. The consequences of the liberalization of reforms in the labour market are studied, with the identification of priorities for the institutionalization of national social policy, especially in the case of unemployment. In connection with the extractive nature of the national labour market in Ukraine, inclusive development with an emphasis on the formation of an inclusive employment policy and social protection of the population is of particular importance. This approach corresponds to modern world concepts of economic development and is relevant in connection with the further search for ways to restore the economy and the social sphere after military operations. The author's approach to overcoming the problems of unemployment and informal employment consists in expanding the coverage of the population by social protection with the development of stimulating the exit from the state of the beneficiary, which consists in reducing the barriers of social and labour inclusion of women, single parents, young people, persons with disabilities, transition from informal employment to formal, increased dependence between employment and access to social benefits.
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Sychova, Viktoriia y Svitlana Borysiuk. "Approaches to policy regarding elderly people in Ukraine in the context of European integration". En Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.149.
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Backgraund: Ukraine's European integration course conditions the convergence of Ukraine's social policies with the European Union. The signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU caused the further reform of the state policy regarding the elderly. Changes in approaches to policy regarding the elderly in Ukraine are due to the transformation of relevant approaches in the European Union. Purpose: justify changes in policy approaches to the elderly in Ukraine in the context of European integration. Methods: method of analysis, method of traditional document analysis, content analysis were used. Conclusion: In the context of the European integration process in Ukraine, there are changes in the approaches to the state policy regarding the elderly. This proves the transition from passive forms of policy regarding the elderly (guardianship, social protection, social assistance) to active forms of combating the aging of the population of Ukraine (active aging policy) - increasing the retirement age, stimulating the continuation of work, increasing the level of employment of persons under the age of 64 years old, promoting volunteer activities. In the information space, approaches to older people are changing – from a "used resource" to a social resource. The principle of sustainable development (mutual responsibility of generations) becomes a component of the state policy regarding the elderly. Keywords: approaches to social policy, state policy regarding the elderly in Ukraine, elderly people, active aging, social resource, sustainable development, European integration.
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Snizhko, Karina y Olena Butylina. "Interaction of state and not-state social services during the war in Ukraine". En Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.145.
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Background: During the war, social services faced new problems and challenges, so it is important to identify these changes and trace the external interaction of social services. Purpose: To analyze the interaction of state and non-state organizations during the war. Identify and explore the role of leaders in caring for their own employees. Methods: A content analysis of the materials of the websites of state and public organizations was carried out. Results: During the study of the materials of the sites, it was determined that the activities of many social services changed, especially non-state ones, and their interaction actively increased during the war. It was also determined that heads of public services pay little attention to the mental health of their employees. Conclusions: the conducted analysis allows us to draw conclusions that during the war the interaction of state and non-state social services increased. The problems and challenges they face in the conditions of war require a responsible and comprehensive approach to their solution, and therefore the interaction of state structures and public organizations is very important. In such difficult times, it is very important that management supports the psychological health of social workers, as their activities are very emotionally charged. Keywords: social services, non-governmental organizations, social workers, psychological health, assistance, internally displaced persons, vulnerable population groups, prevention of emotional burnout, stress resistance.
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Burlai, Tetiana. "Conceptual framework for social resilience of the Ukrainian (post)war economy". En International Scientific-Practical Conference "Economic growth in the conditions of globalization". National Institute for Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36004/nier.cecg.iv.2023.17.5.
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The Russian military invasion in February 2022 led to extremely negative demographic, macroeconomic and social consequences for Ukraine, including local humanitarian disasters. As of September 2023, according to UNCHR data, 6.2 million refugees from Ukraine were recorded globally, and more than 5.1 million Ukrainians became internally displaced persons. The urgent need to overcome these consequences, as well as for the effective Ukraine’s post-war recovery, determines the actuality of in-depth research on the social resilience of its national economy. The purpose of our research is to form a conceptual framework for the social resilience of the Ukrainian economy in the war and post-war periods. Achieving this goal involves the use of research methods of analysis, comparative studies, processing of statistical and econometric data, as well as sociological surveys. The results of the study showed that the social resilience of Ukraine's national economy is formed in the contour of social reproduction and should be based on the blocks of (i) employment and labour potential; (ii) solvent consumer demand; (iii) social security, including health and education systems. Other research results, along with the post-war recovery aspect, social resilience has an important instrumental value for Ukraine in terms of European integration and state governance. In 2020, the European Commission identified the resilience concept as "a new compass for EU policy". Adaptive borrowing of the relevant modern approaches of the European Union is an important task for Ukraine, which in June 2022 acquired the official status of a Candidate Country for EU membership. The article presents the results of the research carried out within the Project “Formation of the foundations of nationally rooted stability and security of the economic development of Ukraine in the conditions of the hybrid "peace–war" system” (state registration No. 0123U100965).
Informes sobre el tema "Enslaved persons, social conditions"
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Kelly, Elish y Bertrand Maître. Identification Of Skills Gaps Among Persons With Disabilities And Their Employment Prospects. ESRI, septiembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat107.
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In 2013, the Irish Government published its National Disability Strategy Implementation Plan 2013-2015. As part of this strategy, a number of goals were set around participation, including job access for people with disabilities. This specific objective recommended a number of actions, including the commitment to publish a comprehensive employment strategy (CES) for people with disabilities. This strategy, the Comprehensive Employment Strategy for People with Disabilities, was published in 2015 for the period 2015-2024. The objective of this strategy, which is cross-governmental, is to support people with disabilities in accessing the labour market. Building on existing actions in the CES, the National Disability Authority (NDA) commissioned the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) to undertake quantitative research into the workplace skills and abilities of persons with disabilities. To undertake this research, a number of nationally representative data sources were utilised to characterise the skills/educational endowments and gaps among persons with disabilities compared to those without. Specifically, data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC), the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), the Census of Population, and the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) were examined. Where the data permitted, we differentiated those with a disability by type, everyday difficulties (e.g. difficulty dressing), and/or severity level. We also examined the employment characteristics of people with disabilities compared to persons without, and investigated the impact of having a disability on an individual’s employment prospects. What follows is a summary of the principal findings from this research, including some discussion on future directions.
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Kelly, Elish y Bertrand Maître. Identification Of Skills Gaps Among Persons With Disabilities And Their Employment Prospects. ESRI, septiembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat107.
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In 2013, the Irish Government published its National Disability Strategy Implementation Plan 2013-2015. As part of this strategy, a number of goals were set around participation, including job access for people with disabilities. This specific objective recommended a number of actions, including the commitment to publish a comprehensive employment strategy (CES) for people with disabilities. This strategy, the Comprehensive Employment Strategy for People with Disabilities, was published in 2015 for the period 2015-2024. The objective of this strategy, which is cross-governmental, is to support people with disabilities in accessing the labour market. Building on existing actions in the CES, the National Disability Authority (NDA) commissioned the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) to undertake quantitative research into the workplace skills and abilities of persons with disabilities. To undertake this research, a number of nationally representative data sources were utilised to characterise the skills/educational endowments and gaps among persons with disabilities compared to those without. Specifically, data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC), the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), the Census of Population, and the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) were examined. Where the data permitted, we differentiated those with a disability by type, everyday difficulties (e.g. difficulty dressing), and/or severity level. We also examined the employment characteristics of people with disabilities compared to persons without, and investigated the impact of having a disability on an individual’s employment prospects. What follows is a summary of the principal findings from this research, including some discussion on future directions.
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Soruco, Ximena, Giorgina Piani y Máximo Rossi. What Emigration Leaves Behind: The Situation of Emigrants and Their Families in Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, febrero de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011260.
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This study seeks to identify, measure and analyze possible discriminatory behaviors in southern Ecuador. There are three main findings. First, emigration is perceived as a social problem. Second, emigrant families are seen as economically "irrational" because they are not perceived to be investing remittances in productive and sustainable activities; emigrants are additionally portrayed as "irresponsible" because they leave their families in search of better living conditions. Third, emigrants' children are perceived as doing worse in school than their peers and as living outside the society at large. Observed discrimination follows a cultural pattern: persons closer to the dominant culture are proportionately more likely to discriminate against emigrants and their families, and women show more discriminatory attitudes than men.
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Vaskivskyj, Yurij. STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR: PERSONNEL ASPECT. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, marzo de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12144.
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The article analyzes the state of development of Ukrainian advertising in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Studying the work of Ukrainian advertising agencies during the war is a unique experience of Ukrainian specialists during the war. The article emphasizes that Ukrainian advertising agencies have become an example for global corporations with their resilience and courage. The study of the place of Ukrainian advertising agencies in the world system made it possible to state that the domestic industry is developing in step with the world one. This was facilitated by the fact that Ukrainians quickly adapt to modern technologies and catch global trends. In some areas of advertising, Ukrainian agencies are one step ahead of European and American ones. Communication with Ukrainian heads of advertising campaigns, marketers and target specialists, who were directly involved in the “rescue” of companies at the beginning of the war, made it possible to find out how the business development strategy changed, what tactical solutions they used at the beginning of the war, and how they optimized the work of the team. The results of the research give grounds for asserting that in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, many brands have developed new rules for content and communication in social networks. The content strategy of brands needs maximum adaptation to new realities. The traditional division of content into branded, selling, fan and interactive content is losing its relevance. This market niche is occupied by social, supportive and useful content. In particular, as an example of social brand content, we can name: the national position of an advertising agency, support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, assistance to consumers, new adapted services, HR information about agency support, assistance to temporarily displaced persons, volunteering. Ukrainian advertising agencies were able to quickly adapt to the conditions of the war, entered international markets, took care of their employees and continue their work. Keywords: advertising, agencies, Russian-Ukrainian war, social networks, work with clients, personnel problems.
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Tapia, Carlos, Nora Sanchez Gassen y Anna Lundgren. In all fairness: perceptions of climate policies and the green transition in the Nordic Region. Nordregio, mayo de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2023:5.1403-2503.
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The survey presented in this report reveals that Nordic citizens are concerned about climate change. Many people are willing to increase efforts to fight climate change, even if this entails a personal contribution in terms of higher taxes or behavioural change. The survey shows that different social groups perceive the impacts of climate change and climate mitigation policies in different ways. In general, attitudes towards climate policies and perceptions regarding their fairness are conditioned by socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, employment status, type of housing and transport behaviour. General attitudes towards climate change and climate policies The first part of this report explores general attitudes towards climate change and climate policies. This section shows that seven in ten (71%) respondents think that climate change is a serious or very serious problem, particularly among the youngest age group (18-29 years). Three in four (74%) interviewed persons in this group share this view. Those with a university degree are more concerned about climate change (83%) than those with primary or secondary education (57% and 62%, respectively). Approximately half (48-51%) of respondents in all age groups agree that more financial resources should be invested in preventing climate change, even if this would imply an increase in taxes. The survey results show that women in the Nordic Region are more concerned about climate change than men (79% compared to 64%). It also reveals that people living in urban areas are more worried about climate change (82%) than those who live in towns and suburbs (68%) or in rural areas (62%). Urban dwellers are also more positive about investing more resources in preventing climate change (59%) than those who live in rural areas (39%) and in towns and suburbs (46%). More than half of the respondents (52%) agree that taking further action on climate change would be beneficial for the economy. Students, unemployed and retired people are more likely to agree with this view (55%, 57% and 55%, respectively) than those currently in employment, including the self-employed (50%). Those employed in carbon-intensive sectors are less positive about the expected economic impact of climate policies than those who work in other economic sectors (41% compared to 55%). They are also more concerned about the risk of job losses during the transition to a low-carbon economy than those employed in sectors with lower carbon intensity (37% compared to 24%). Concerns about this issue are also higher among those who live in rural areas (31%) or towns and suburbs (30%) compared to those who live in cities (22%). Present and future effects of climate change mitigation policies on individuals and households The central part of the survey explores perceptions regarding the present and future impacts of climate policies. Such challenges are perceived differently depending on specific sociodemographic conditions. Nearly one fourth (23%) of respondents state that high energy costs mean they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature. Those living in houses report being more impacted (27%) than those living in apartments (18%), and those using fossil fuels to heat their homes are most affected (44%). The risk of energy poverty is also higher among non-EU immigrants to the Nordic Region. Those who say they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature range from 23% among Nordic-born citizens to 37% among non-EU immigrants. Nearly three in ten respondents (28%) have modified their transportation behaviour during the last year due to high fuel costs. This proportion is substantially greater among those living in towns and suburbs (32%) compared to those who live in rural areas (29%) or cities (23%). The majority of the Nordic population (52%) states that current climate policies have a neutral effect on their household economies. However, 28% of respondents say they are negatively impacted by climate policies in economic terms. Men report being negatively affected more frequently than women (33% vs 22%, respectively). People who live in houses are more likely to claim they are being negatively impacted than people who live in apartments (31% and 23%, respectively). Nearly half (45%) of the respondents in the Nordic Region agree that climate initiatives will improve health and well-being, and half of the respondents (50%) think that climate change initiatives will lead to more sustainable lifestyles in their area. However, half (51%) of the Nordic population expect to see increases in prices and the cost of living as a consequence of climate policies, and those who believe that climate policies will create jobs and improve working conditions in the areas where they live (31% and 24%, respectively) are outnumbered by those who believe the opposite (35% and 34%, respectively). Fairness of climate policies The last section of the report looks at how the Nordic people perceive the fairness of climate policies in distributional terms. In the survey, the respondents were asked to judge to what extent they agree or disagree that everyone in their country or territory is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of personal earnings, gender, age, country of origin and where they live – cities or rural areas. The results show that the Nordic people believe climate change initiatives affect citizens in different ways depending on their demographic, socioeconomic and territorial backgrounds. More than half of the respondents (56%) disagree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of earnings. Only 22% agree with this statement. Younger age groups are more pessimistic than older age groups on this point (66% in the 18-29 age group compared to 41% in the 65+ group). Almost half of respondents (48%) agree that climate policies are fair from a gender perspective, while 25% disagree with this statement and 23% are neutral. Roughly one in three (30%) respondents in the Nordic Region agree that people are equally affected by climate change initiatives regardless of age, 41% disagree with this statement and 25% are neutral. More than one third (35%) of the Nordic population agree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of the country of origin, while 34% of them disagree. More than half of respondents (56%) think that the impact of climate initiatives differs between rural and urban areas, while only 22% think that all areas are equally affected. Respondents who live in cities are more likely to respond that climate policy impacts differ between rural and urban areas (60%) than respondents who live in rural areas (55%) and towns and suburbs (53%). One third (33%) of respondents in the survey think that the Sámi population is affected by climate change initiatives to the same extent as the rest of the population. In Greenland, a majority of the population (62%) agrees that the indigenous population in Greenland is equally affected by measures to combat climate change. The results from this survey conducted in the autumn of 2022, show that the population in the Nordic Region perceive the impacts of climate mitigation policies in different ways. These results can raise awareness and stimulate debate about the implementation of climate mitigation policies for a just green transition.