Tesis sobre el tema "Energy losse"
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Sharp, Zachary B. y William J. Rahmeyer. "Energy Losses in Cross Junctions". DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/256.
Texto completoEves, Brian John. "Scanning probe energy loss spectroscopy". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251871.
Texto completoJeong, Yu Seon, Minh Vu Luu, Mary Hall Reno y Ina Sarcevic. "Tau energy loss and ultrahigh energy skimming tau neutrinos". AMER PHYSICAL SOC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625525.
Texto completoLundanes, Ingvild Olsen. "The propagation and energy losses of ultra high energy cosmic rays". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for fysikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12654.
Texto completoPeña, Manchón Francisco Javier de la. "Advanced methods for Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy core-loss analysis". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112379.
Texto completoModern analytical transmission electron microscopes are able to gather a large amount of information from the sample in the form of multi-dimensional datasets. Although the analytical procedures developed for single spectra can be extended to the analysis of multi-dimensional datasets, for an optimal use of this highly redundant information, more advanced techniques must be deployed. In this context, we investigate alternatives to the standard quantification methods and seek to optimise the experimental acquisition for accurate analysis. This addresses the current challenges facing the electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) community, for whom beam damage and contamination are often the limiting factors. EELS elemental quantification by the standard integration method is limited to well-behaved cases. As an alternative we use curve fitting which, as we show, can overcome most of the limitations of the standard method. Furthermore, we extend the method to obtain, in addition to elemental maps, the first bonding maps at the nanoscale. A major difficulty when analysing multi-dimensional datasets of samples of unknown composition is that the quantitative methods require as an input the composition of the sample. We show that blind source separation methods enable fast and accurate analysis of multi-dimensional datasets without defining a model. In optimal conditions these methods are capable of extracting signals from the dataset corresponding to the different chemical compounds in the sample and their distribution
Pickard, Christopher James. "Ab initio electron energy loss spectroscopy". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627420.
Texto completoChandorkar, Saurabh Arun. "Energy loss mechanisms in micromechanical resonators /". May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Texto completoEljarrat, Ascunce Alberto. "Quantitative methods for electron energy loss spectroscopy". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/349214.
Texto completoEste trabajo explora las posibilidades analíticas que ofrece la técnica de espectroscopia electrónica de bajas pérdidas (low-loss EELS), capaces de revelar la configuración estructural de los más avanzados dispositivos semiconductores. El uso de modernos microscopios electrónicos de transmisión-barrido (STEM) nos permite obtener información espectroscópica a partir de volúmenes reducidos, hasta llegar a resolución atómica. Por ello, EELS es cada vez mas popular para la observación de los dispositivos semiconductores, a medida que los tamaños característicos de sus estructuras constituyentes se miniaturiza. Los espectros de pérdida de energía contienen mucha información: dado que el haz de electrones sufre unos bien conocidos procesos de dispersión inelástica, podemos trazar relaciones entre estos espectros y excitaciones elementales en la configuración atómica de los elementos y compuestos constituyentes de cada material. Se describe un marco teórico para el estudio del low-loss EELS: el modelo dieléctrico de dispersión inelástica, que toma en consideración las propiedades electrodinámicas del haz de electrones y la descripción mecano-cuántica de los materiales. Adicionalmente, se describen en detalle las herramientas utilizadas en el análisis de datos experimentales o la simulación teórica de espectros. Monitorizando las energías de band gap y plasmon en los datos experimentales de low-loss EELS se obtiene información directa sobre propiedades electrónicas de los materiales. Además, usando análisis Kramers-Kronig en los espectros se obtiene información dieléctrica que puede ser comparada con las simulaciones o con otras técnicas (ópticas). Se demuestra el uso de estas herramientas con una serie de estudios sobre estructuras basadas en nitruros del grupo-III. Por otro lado, el uso de algoritmos para el análisis multivariante permite separar las contribuciones individuales que se miden mezcladas en espectros de estructuras complicadas. Hemos utilizado estas avanzadas herramientas para el análisis de estructuras basadas en silicio que contienen nano-cristales embebidos en matrices dieléctricas.
Nicholls, Rebecca Jane. "Electron energy loss spectroscopy of fullerene materials". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2fd55ddf-ca30-4b9a-a37f-61b024a3f22f.
Texto completoNatusch, Michael Kurt Heinrich. "Detection limits in electron energy-loss spectroscopy". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624128.
Texto completoMillar, Carol Evelyn. "Energy gains and losses in Be star envelopes". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ58153.pdf.
Texto completoClaesson, Gabriel. "Evaluation of Energy Losses in a Wind Farm". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293053.
Texto completoUnder de senaste åren har kraftproduktionen från vindkraft och andra förnybara energikällor ökat avsevärt. Det beror bland annat på växthus- effekten och de ekonomiska fördelarna med att generera el från vindkraft. Vindkraften har potential att ersätta andra icke förnybara energikällor. Därför är det av intresse att maximera vindkraftparkernas effektivitet och maximera den genererade effekten ut på elnätet. Detta innebär att effektförlusterna inom vindkraftsparkerna bör minimeras. Det finns förväntade och oundvikliga kraftförluster inom vindkraftsparken. När det uppstår oväntade effektförluster eller effektförlusterna överstiger det som förväntas, blir frågan om vad orsaken är och om det är möjligt att undvika alternativt minska på dessa effektförluster. I detta arbete genomförs en fallstudie i samarbete med Skellefteå Kraft. En befintlig vindkraftspark studeras, eftersom företaget har noterat oväntade effektförluster. En sektion har större andel effektförluster jämfört med den andra delen av vindkraftsparken. Därför är det av intresse för företaget att ta reda på anledningen till detta, eftersom onödiga effektförluster innebär ekonomiska och effektmässiga förluster. Det betyder att om källorna till effektförlusterna identifieras och är onödiga för driften av vindkraftsparken kan företaget vidta åtgärder därefter. Syftet med detta arbete är därför att identifiera källorna av effektförlusterna och identifiera om dessa effektförluster är nödvändiga för driften av vindkraftsparken eller inte. För att studera effektförlusterna i den befintliga vindkraftsparken utvecklas en modell med hjälp av lastflödesanalys. Lastflödesanalysen är baserad på realtidsdata för kraftproduktion under år 2019. Således utförs flera lastflödesberäkningar för att modifiera modellens systemparametrar, för att öka noggrannheten och för att verifiera modellen. Modellen används sedan för att uppskatta och utvärdera effektförlusterna inom vindkraftsparken och för identifiering av källorna till effektförlusterna. Resultaten från studien visar att en noggrann modell kunde utvecklas. Modellen indikerar att skillnaden i effektförluster mellan de två sektionerna i vindkraftparken för år 2019 främst berodde främst på avisningssystemen. Avisningssystemet i den ena sektionen utgjorde en betydligt större andel av effektförlusterna än i den andra sektionen. Detta tyder på att avisningssystemet bör utvärderas ytterligare. På grund av vindkraftsparkens utformning finns det en extra transformator i en av sektionerna. För år 2019 indikerade modellen att effektförlusterna för den extra transformatorn knappt bidrog till skillnaderna i effektförluster mellan de två sektionerna.
Clarke, Ralph Henry. "Heat losses in internal combustion engines". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8290.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the effects of cooling and heat losses in internal combustion engines. The object of this work was to examine and research various cooling concepts and methods to reduce heat loss to engine coolant, improve thermal efficiency and to predict heat transfer values for these alternatives. The optimum system to be considered for possible application to small rural stationary engines. A literature survey was undertaken, covering work performed in the field of internal combustion engine cooling. Besides the conventional cooling system, two concepts emerged for consideration. These were the precision cooling system and the new heat pipe concept, the latter being relatively unknown for internal combustion cooling application. The precision cooling system, consists of a series of small bore tubes conducting coolant only to the critical areas of an engine. The theory being that in the conventional systems many regions are overcooled, resulting in excessive heat loss. The heat pipe is a device of very high thermal conductance and normally consists of a sealed tube containing a small quantity of fluid. Under operating conditions the tubular container becomes an evaporator region in the heat input area and a condenser region in the heat-out area. It is therefore basically a thermal flux transformer,attached to the object to be cooled. The heat pipe performance is also capable of being modulated by varying its system pressure. This is a positive feature for internal combustion engine application in controlling detonation and NOx emissions. Various facts were obtained from the literature survey and considered in the theoretical review. These facts were extended into models, predicting the heat transfer performance of each concept in terms of coolant heat outflow and heat transfer coefficients. The experimental apparatus was based on an automotive cylinder head with heated oil passing through the combustion chamber and exhaust port to simulate combustion gases. Experiments were conducted on this apparatus to validate the predicted theoretical performance of the three concepts. Tests were also made to observe the effect of heat pipe modulation and nucleate boiling in the precision system. Concept theory was validated as shown by the experimental and test results. The performance for each system approximated the predicted heat transfer and heat loss values. By comparison of the heat input, coolant heat outflow values and heat transfer coefficients it was found that the precision system was the most efficient, followed by the heat pipe and the conventional system being the least efficient. It was concluded that the heat loss tests provided a valuable insight into the heat transfer phenomenon as applied to the three systems investigated. This work also illustrated the effects of the variation of coolant flow, velocity and influence of nucleate boiling. This thesis has shown the potential of the systems tested, for controlling heat losses in internal combustion engines. The research work has created a data base for further in-depth evaluation and development of the heat pipe and the precision cooling system. Based on the findings of the experimental work done on this project, several commercial applications exist for the heat pipe and precision cooling systems. Further in-depth research is recommended to extend their potential in the automotive industry.
Balthazar, Edward John. "Residential building energy consumption and loss reduction methods". [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2008. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=864.
Texto completoTitle from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains ix, 94 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-91).
Yuan, Jun. "Electron energy loss and cathodoluminescence of rare earths". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.256453.
Texto completoWalls, Michael Gerard. "Electron energy-loss spectroscopy of surfaces and interfaces". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254503.
Texto completoDrummond-Brydson, Richard. "Electron energy loss spectroscopy in solid-state chemistry". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237906.
Texto completoWilkins, A. C. R. "Translational energy loss studies of electron capture reactions". Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636601.
Texto completoEustace, David Andrew. "Spin polarisation effects in electron energy loss spectroscopy". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438978.
Texto completoMuellejans, Harald. "Secondary electron emission in coincidence with primary energy losses". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240071.
Texto completoМолошний, Олександр Миколайович, Александр Николаевич Молошный y Oleksandr Mykolaiovych Moloshnyi. "Comparison of energy losses in designs of hermetic pumps". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46937.
Texto completoCrespo, Raul Jose. "Evaluation of energy usage in the chemical industry and effective measures to reduce energy losses". Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04022009-173317.
Texto completoByrne, Ciaran Martin. "Energy loss and charge transfer effects of low energy protons in thin organic films". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393732.
Texto completoGass, Mhairi Hope. "Low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope of GaInNAs". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415656.
Texto completoBartsch, Detlef. "Energy loss measurement with the ZEUS Central Tracking Detector". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985183535.
Texto completoMcNeil, Kirsten Elizabeth. "Energy loss characterization of the P3 MEMS heat engine". Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2006/k%5Fmcneil%5F062906.pdf.
Texto completoMcComb, David William. "An electron energy-loss spectroscopy investigation of zeolite dealumination". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359404.
Texto completoKulikowski, Anoushka. "Phonon studies of energy loss in vertical tunnelling structures". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286990.
Texto completoProtheroe, A. R. "Electron energy loss spectroscopy of some alkaline earth oxides". Thesis, University of York, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377302.
Texto completoBauer, Karl. "Scanning probe energy loss spectroscopy (SPELS) of structured surfaces". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6103/.
Texto completoPališaitis, Justinas. "Valence Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy of III-Nitride Semiconductors". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tunnfilmsfysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85907.
Texto completoLawson, Laté Ayao. "Essays on economic growth energy use and biodiversity loss". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB011.
Texto completoThe impact of economic activities and increasing population on the environment raise profound interrogations towards the future of human societies and environmental resources. In this, the "Limits to Growth" (Meadows, Meadows, Behrens and Randers, 1974) warn human societies about the possibility of social collapse if current trends of exploitation of natural resources and environmental degradation remain unchanged. The wealth of nature being essential to the wealth of nations, this thesis in economics through four theoretical and empirical contributions addresses the possibility of a peaceful cohabitation between human and nature and discusses conservation policies of nature. Our theoretical and empirical results show on the one hand that human habitat is being expanded to the detriment of other biological species (animal and plant). On the other hand, we show that current efforts to conserve biological species are strongly oriented towards forests whose richness in biodiversity is doubtful. Finally, we show that an increasingly growing consumption of primary energies, therefore with strong ecological impacts, is still to be expected from developing countries. In terms of environmental policies, our work advocates for a reduction of the ecological footprint of human societies. This includes policies promoting forest regeneration and not the reduction of covered areas, expansion of protected areas, especially in developing countries and incentives for individuals to orient preferences towards the demand for goods with low ecological impacts
Dick, Andrew Reid. "Switching performance and energy losses in fast plasma closing switches". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405482.
Texto completoSui, Chen. "ENERGY AUDIT of GEFLE VAPEN". Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för energi- och maskinteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6538.
Texto completoThe energy audit is a very interesting and complex work. The building energy audit is defined as a process to evaluate where the energy used in the building structure and to identify the opportunities of reduce energy consumptions. In this paper, it is a first time detailed study of energy audit for me. In this research, the object is to find is it necessary to improve the ventilation systems. So the first step is to estimate how much energy consumed in the building and to find out the saving potential.The major mission in this thesis is that to make a basic energy audit which is include the heat losses from the building and the heat supply in the building. The major heat losses are transmission losses, ventilation losses, heat losses from hot tap water and infiltration losses. In this project the first three types of heat losses could be find out by some useful methods but the infiltration losses is hard to measure. On the other side, the heat supply are composed by district heating , free heating from people inside, free heating from electricity applications and sun irradiation.To make an accurate and complete energy audit is essential for finding out where the energy consumption could be reduced. And this is what I am going to do in this thesis work.
Raut, Prasad S. "Towards Development Of Polymeric Compounds For Energy Storage Devices And For Low Energy Loss Tires". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1493947416353888.
Texto completoSignorello, Concetta. "Reduction of Switching Losses in IGBT Power Modules". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4056.
Texto completoMuto, Shunsuke y Yusuke Sasano. "Energy-drift correction of electron energy-loss spectra from prolonged data accumulation of low SNR signals". Oxford University Press, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20779.
Texto completoRuddick-Collins, Leonie C. "Establishing the benefits of protein intake during energy balance and energy restriction to improve weight loss". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/114003/1/Leonie_Ruddick-Collins_Thesis.pdf.
Texto completoEstradé, Albiol Sònia. "Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Solutions for Nanoscale Materials Science Problems". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/662847.
Texto completoEn el microscopi electrònic de transmissió (TEM), un electró incident sofreix tant xocs elàstics com inelàstics en travessar la mostra prima d’estat sòlid que s’està caracteritzant. En cas de xoc inelàstic, l’electró incident cedeix part de la seva energia als electrons de la mostra. La quantitat d’energia perduda es pot mesurar amb un filtre magnètic situat al final de la columna, i un gràfic que indiqui quants electrons han perdut quina quantitat d’energia ens donarà un espectre de pèrdua d’energia dels electrons, o espectre EELS. Així, en un espectre EELS l’ordenada correspon al número d’electrons, o comptes, i l’abscissa, a la pèrdua d’energia. Avui en dia l’EELS s’ha convertit en un instrument crucial a la ciència de materials, per causa de la progressiva reducció de l’escala característica implicada en el desenvolupament d’aquesta disciplina, i també gràcies a la millora instrumental que ha tingut lloc en els darrers anys tant en la microscòpia electrònica en general com en l’EELS en particular. En aquesta tesi, s’han explorat les capacitats de l’EELS com a eina de caracterització de mostres d’estat sòlid a la nanoescala, i s’han aplicat a diversos problemes de ciència de materials.
Zhang, Jingmin. "Application of electron energy-loss spectroscopy to ferroelectric thin films". [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974145971.
Texto completoWachsmuth, Philipp [Verfasser]. "Momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy of graphene / Philipp Wachsmuth". Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054045453/34.
Texto completoBergenius, Gavler Sara. "Counting Calories : Studies of Energy Loss in a Segmented Calorimeter". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3920.
Texto completoWalsh, Caroline Annabelle. "Modelling and interpretation of electron energy-loss spectra from interfaces". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316804.
Texto completoAhn, C. C. "Methods of deconvolution and quantification for electron energy loss spectroscopy". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375376.
Texto completoKolbe, Isobel. "pQCD energy loss and thermal field theory in small systems". Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30385.
Texto completoWang, Ya-Xin. "Electron energy loss analysis for diamond and diamondlike carbon materials". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054837163.
Texto completoSeabourne, Che Royce. "Electron energy-loss spectroscopy : DFT modelling and application to experiment". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1447/.
Texto completoSjödin, Emma. "The Price of Synchrony:Evaluating Transient Power Losses inRenewable Energy IntegratedPower Networks". Thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133579.
Texto completoCALILI, RODRIGO FLORA. "SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT TO DETECT COMMERCIAL LOSSES IN ELECTRICAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7629@1.
Texto completoOs modelos matemáticos comumente usados na identificação de irregularidades na medição se baseiam na análise da redução percentual do consumo do mês (normalmente de 20% a 30%) em relação aos meses anteriores. Este método tem gerado resultados imprecisos uma vez que considera o valor do consumo como um valor rígido e, portanto, não incorpora o efeito da sazonalidade na tipologia das cargas das unidades consumidoras. Este trabalho tem o intuito de melhorar a identificação de clientes fraudulentos utilizando métodos de inteligência artificial, tais como Redes Neurais e Lógica Fuzzy, implementados a um banco de dados de cadastro da Distribuidora de Energia ELEKTRO e a uma Pesquisa de Posses e Hábitos de Consumo (PPH) feita nesta mesma empresa. Nesta dissertação, o objetivo foi classificar um grupo de consumidores como normal (adimplente), inadimplente e fraudulento. Para tanto, foi feita inicialmente uma clusterização utilizando uma Rede Neural, mais especificamente uma Rede de Kohonen, para o banco de dados de cadastro disponibilizado pela distribuidora. Tomando os grupos desta classificação prévia feita pela Rede identificaram-se quais e quantos destes tiveram PPH´s realizadas. Para se ter a classificação de um grupo quanto a incidência de consumidores normais, inadimplentes e fraudulentos utilizou-se um processo de Análise Fuzzy, o qual identifica os clusters com os consumidores de cada um dos segmentos. É feita uma análise de desempenho do modelo proposto com dados reais fornecidos pela empresa, na qual os resultados apontaram para uma robustez do método.
Mathematical models commonly used to identify irregularities in measurement are based on percentile reduction analysis of the monthly consumption (normally from 20% to 30%) in relation to the previous months. This method tends to generate imprecise results, since it considers the value of the consumption as a rigid value and, therefore, it does not incorporate the seasonal effect in the loads topology of the consumer units. This work has intention to improve the identification of fraudulent customers using artificial intelligence methods, such as Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic, implemented to a database of consumers of ELEKTRO a distributing utility of São Paulo State, Brazil. It also uses information on appliances ownership obtained via market research in ELEKTRO area, named PPH (Portuguese for this particular type of market research). In this dissertation, the main objective was to classify a group of consumers as solvent, insolvent and fraudulent. In order to achieve this task, a clustering was initially made using a Neural Network framework, more specifically a Kohonen Network, for the database available. It was then checked which of the groups had a minimum number of clients interviewed in the PPH. In order to have the classification of the clients in the three categories it was used Fuzzy Analysis. Selected data is also presented, considering the available database of the Company as well as the research environment, which had been taken from the PPH. Finally, it was checked the performance of the method against real data obtained from the utility and the results were very satisfactory.
ASEVEDO, FRANCIS ROCHA DE. "GENERALIZED LINEAR APPROACH TO ESTIMATE NON-TECHNICAL LOSSES OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18163@1.
Texto completoA necessidade de simular um ambiente de mercado competitivo para incentivar ganhos de eficiência fez a Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) estipular metas para indicadores gerenciáveis, dentre eles o nível de perdas não técnicas (PNT’s) das distribuidoras de energia elétrica. Os prejuízos causados pelas perdas não técnicas de energia chegam à ordem de oito bilhões de reais anuais e impactam diretamente nos valores tarifários em exercício. É nesse contexto que a ANEEL, inspirada nas práticas de regulação por incentivo, estabeleceu um modelo econométrico que relaciona o nível aceitável de perdas não técnicas com a complexidade social das áreas de concessão das distribuidoras brasileiras. Entretanto, entidades do setor enxergam no modelo espaços para melhoria nos resultados e na robustez teórica do modelo, com isso, surge a idéia de propor uma abordagem de estimação diferenciada. É importante ressaltar que além da previsão, tem-se por objetivo testar novas variáveis potencialmente relevantes nesta análise, baseadas na recente literatura acerca do tema. O presente estudo demonstra que a variável de interesse, perdas não técnicas, não segue a distribuição normal, sendo assim, buscou-se a verdadeira distribuição dos dados e a modelagem se deu seguindo os arcabouços da abordagem linear generalizada. Os resultados corroboraram a aderência de uma distribuição que pertence a família exponencial (condição para a aplicação da abordagem linear generalizada). Além disso, o modelo proposto obteve boas estimativas, trazendo inclusive novas variáveis importantes para explicar as perdas não técnicas não utilizadas antes em outros estudos sobre estas perdas. O modelo proposto pode ser visto como uma alternativa viável ao modelo praticado pela ANEEL, sendo assim, sua discussão fundamental para o próximo ciclo de revisão tarifária.
The need of simulating a competitive market environment in order to encourage efficiency gains made the National Electrical Energy Agency (ANEEL) fixes targets for manageable indicators, including the level of non-technical losses (NTL s) of electricity distributors. The financial damage caused by losses not techniques reach the order of eight billion reais per year and directly impacts on the electricity tariffs. In this context, ANEEL inspired by the practice of regulation by incentives, established an econometric model that relates the acceptable level non-technical losses to the social complexity in concession areas of each Brazilian distributor. However, entities in the sector find gaps in the model and improvement in the results and robustness of the model should be done, this brings idea of proposing a different approach to the estimation. It is important to emphasize that in addition to forecasting, there is the willing of testing new variables potentially relevant in this analysis, based on recent literature on the subject. This study proves that the variable of interest, nontechnical losses, does not follow the Gaussian distribution, thus, we sought the true distribution of data and modeling took place in the frameworks of general linear approach. The results confirm adherence to a distribution that belongs to the exponential family (condition for applying the generalized linear approach model), in addition, the proposed model obtained good estimates, including the use of new important variables to explain the non-technical losses not used in other studies. The proposed model can be seen as possible alternative to the model used by ANEEL, so, its discussion is really important to the next review cycle of electricity rates.