Tesis sobre el tema "Endommagement dépendant du temps"
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Shi, Yue. "Micro-mechanics-based models of monotonic and cyclic behaviors of quasi-brittle rock-like materials having an elasto-viscoplastic matrix with microcracks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2023/2023ULILN057.pdf.
Texto completoThe primary objective of this thesis is to model the macroscopic mechanical behavior of geomaterials under both instantaneous and time-dependent loading conditions. In this context, the studied material is modeled from the view of microstructure using well-suited localization and homogenization schemes. At the microscopic scale, it is assumed that microcracks have a penny-shaped morphology and are randomly embedded in an isotropic solid matrix. In framework of thermodynamics, two internal variables, inelastic strain and microcrack-induced damage, are both classified in consideration of instantaneous microcracking and sub-critical microcracking. The instantaneous damage is driven by a conjugated thermodynamics force, while the time-dependent damage evolves towards microstructure equilibrium. Further, the emphasis is put on modeling the solid matrix as a cohesive-friction component. This needs to introduce a new internal variable, plastic strain of matrix, resulting in a clearer brittle-ductile transition in the pre-peak regime, especially under relative high confining pressures. Next, the plastic compressible matrix is separately described by an associated and a non-associated flow rule in comparison with a large amount of test results. It is found that the non-associated model can well reproduce the compaction-dilatation transition with cyclic numbers. Finally, the unified model is developed to investigate the long-term behavior in terms of matrix viscoplasticity. The deformation mechanisms are analyzed regarding the coupling between matrix viscoplasticity and sub-critical propagation of microcracks
Hawchar, Lara. "Développement de méthodes fiabilistes dépendant du temps pour l'analyse de durabilité des structures : application au problème de conception fiabiliste dépendant du temps". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4088/document.
Texto completoUncertainty quantification is essential for designing reliable structures. Moreover, monitoring the aging process is of vital importance for the inspection and prevention of risks. These two aspects may be considered simultaneously throughout a time-variant reliability analysis. However, such analysis is in general complex and very time consuming because it requires numerous evaluations of the mechanical model describing the structural behavior. To overcome this issue, we propose to use the metamodeling approach that has been widely explored in the context of the probabilistic analysis, for time-variant reliability problems. This consists in replacing the mechanical model with a simple analytical function that is easy to evaluate and on which Monte-Carlo simulation can be performed at a low computational cost. Other challenges also encounter this analysis and are basically related to the high dimensionality of the problem, the non Gaussianity and non stationarity of the input stochastic processes and the non linearity of the limit state function. The thesis aims then to develop accurate and efficient approaches for time-variant reliability analysis that overcome the aforementioned difficulties. It also proposes to extend these methods to the field of time-variant reliability-based design optimization
Baras, Florence. "Fluctuations de non-équilibre: propriétés asymptotiques et phénomènes dépendant du temps". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213628.
Texto completoBenarous, Mohamed. "Extensions variationnelles de la méthode du champ moyen dépendant du temps". Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112246.
Texto completoUsing the Balian-Vénéroni variational principle, we propose two consistent extensions of the time-dependent mean-field theory for many-boson systems. A first approximation, devised to take into account the effect of correlations, is obtained by means of a development of the optimal density operator suggested by the maximum entropy principle around a gaussian operator. We discuss the relevance of the evolution equations and their possible generalizations. We present an application to a one-dimensional example. In a second type of approximation, to optimize the prediction of characteristic functions of one-body observables and of transition probabilities, we select for both, the variational observable and the density matrix, the class of exponential operators of quadratic forms. We obtain coupled evolution equations of an unusual kind called "two-point boundary value problem". To solve them, we construct a suitable numerical algorithm. A test of the method is presented on two examples in one dimension. In a first case, we study the collision of a particle against a gaussian barrier. The method improves significantly mean-field predictions relative to reflexion and transmission ratios. The study of the motion of a particle in a quartic well reveals the existence of several different solutions for the transition probabilities predicted by the Balian-Veneroni method
Couchoud, Nicolas. "D-branes et orientifolds dans des espaces courbes ou dépendant du temps". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008263.
Texto completoD-branes et éventuellement d'orientifolds dans des espaces courbes ou dépendants du temps. Notre étude vise à comprendre certains aspects des espaces courbes et dépendant du temps, notamment à cause de leur importance en cosmologie.
Le premier chapitre introduit quelques bases de la théorie des cordes.
Le deuxième chapitre étudie les cordes non orientées sur les groupes compacts SU(2) et SO(3) : après un rappel des résultats connus sur les D-branes dans ces espaces, nous présentons nos résultats sur la position des orientifolds et leur interaction avec les cordes ouvertes et fermées.
Le troisième chapitre étudie les D-branes dans certains fonds de type Ramond-Ramond, en utilisant la S-dualité qui les relie à des fonds de type Neveu-Schwarz, où on sait faire les calculs.
Le dernier chapitre considère les cordes sur une D-brane parcourue par une onde plane, et introduit les outils y permettant l'étude des interactions.
Andrieu-Renaud, Céline. "Fiabilité mécanique des structures soumises à des phénomènes physiques dépendant du temps". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21395.
Texto completoMarsit, Nadhem. "Traitement des requêtes dépendant de la localisation avec des contraintes de temps réel". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/106/.
Texto completoIn last years, the mobility of units achieved an increasing development. One of the direct consequences in the database field is the appearance of new types of queries such as Location Dependent Queries (LDQ) (e. G. An ambulance driver asks for the closest hospital). These queries raise problems which have been considered by several researches. Despite the intensive work related to this field, the different types of queries studied so far do not meet all the needs of location based applications. In fact these works don’t take into account the real time aspect required by certain location based applications. These new requirements generate new types of queries such as mobile queries with real time constraints. Taking into account mobility and real time constraints is an important problem to deal with. Hence, our main objective is to propose a solution for considering real time constraints while location dependent query processing. First, we propose a language for expressing different type of queries. Then, we design a software architecture allowing to process location dependent queries with real time constraints. The modules of this architecture are designed to be implemented on top of existent DBMS (e. G. Oracle). We propose methods to take into account location of mobile client and his displacement after sending the query. We also propose methods in order to maximise the percentage of queries respecting their deadlines. Finally we validate our proposal by implementing the proposed methods and evaluating their performance
Chauveau, Estelle. "Optimisation des routes maritimes : un système de résolution multicritère et dépendant du temps". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0139/document.
Texto completoMaritime charter companies try to use weather forecast in order to optimize the journeys of their fleet. Let consider a boat transporting merchandise (or goods) from a port to another. Given the date and time of departure and trying to minimize fuel consumption, determining the best route to take is a difficult problem in the meaning of complexity theory. Moreover, the best route likely changes during the journey leading to an even more difficult problem. To tackle this type of issues, many routing software are available. However, to our knowledge, the state of the art still lacks of algorithms capable of efficiently solving the problem while considering multiple and sometime contradictory criteria.The aim of the this PhD thesis is to build a relevant modelling framework to solve this problem as well as to develop algorithms to be used and validated in industrial conditions.The first task undertaken was the development of a methodology to format raw data, mainly spatial and weather data, into usable input data for mathematical model. This first step was essential as it conditioned which algorithms could be used, and consequently their efficiency. We chose to model the problem as a graph that takes time into account.The second task was the development of a multi-objective and time dependent algorithm. This algorithm identifies pareto-optimum paths within the graph.A third work focused on processing the paths in order to optimize speed during the whole journey, and as a consequence, fuel consumption
Chauveau, Estelle. "Optimisation des routes maritimes : un système de résolution multicritère et dépendant du temps". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0139.
Texto completoMaritime charter companies try to use weather forecast in order to optimize the journeys of their fleet. Let consider a boat transporting merchandise (or goods) from a port to another. Given the date and time of departure and trying to minimize fuel consumption, determining the best route to take is a difficult problem in the meaning of complexity theory. Moreover, the best route likely changes during the journey leading to an even more difficult problem. To tackle this type of issues, many routing software are available. However, to our knowledge, the state of the art still lacks of algorithms capable of efficiently solving the problem while considering multiple and sometime contradictory criteria.The aim of the this PhD thesis is to build a relevant modelling framework to solve this problem as well as to develop algorithms to be used and validated in industrial conditions.The first task undertaken was the development of a methodology to format raw data, mainly spatial and weather data, into usable input data for mathematical model. This first step was essential as it conditioned which algorithms could be used, and consequently their efficiency. We chose to model the problem as a graph that takes time into account.The second task was the development of a multi-objective and time dependent algorithm. This algorithm identifies pareto-optimum paths within the graph.A third work focused on processing the paths in order to optimize speed during the whole journey, and as a consequence, fuel consumption
Messud, Jérémie. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendant du temps avec correction d'auto-interaction". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559750.
Texto completoMessud, Jérémie. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendant du temps avec correction d'auto-intéraction". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/626/.
Texto completoTime dependent Density Functional Theory is a tool of choice to study elementary molecular irradiation processes. But the approximations that are inherent do not eliminate an unphysical effect called self-interaction, which completely distorts the irradiation properties. The most promising way to remove the self-interaction without introducing any additional free parameter is to use orbital dependent functionals (SIC methods). But the usual formalism that follows is not hermitian, which dramatically distorts the physical predictions in the dynamical case, and attempts to restore hermiticity know all undesirable pathologies. So the question, in the time dependent case, of an exact SIC formalism (TDSIC) which would satisfy all the conservation laws and would be numerically manageable remains an open question. We propose a new purely variational formulation, enforcing the orthonormality and using the unitary transformation degree of freedom. This allows to write the exact TDSIC equations in an hermitian form (in the occupied subspace), which satisfies all the conservation laws and leads to a clear numerical scheme for propagation. The price to pay is that the resulting hamiltonian is explicitly non-local, which is more costly numerically speaking. This led us to propose, in a second step, a particularly interesting local approximation, which we called "Generalized SIC-Slater". Finally, we propose a set of numerical results on various molecular systems in order to submit the developed formalisms to the verdict of nature and to compare them with the usual SIC formalism
Péretié, Guilhem. "Segmentation spatio-temporelle temps-réel de flux vidéo pour un encodage dépendant de son contenu". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13355.
Texto completoThe work presented in this document was accomplished within the framework of a purse CIFRE, i. E. A partnership between the university, a PhD Student and a company. They correspond to two projects being integrated in a common environment: The extraction of the content natural or encoded videos for their characterization. Developed in an enterprise environment, they are meant to offer concrete and innovating solutions vis-a-vis the technological and economical challenges with which the enterprise is confronted. They are presented in two parts. The first one will be dealing with the pixel-based characterization of the images according to the visual attention of an observer, for a selective reduction of information in preparation to the encoding phase. The second part will describe a method of adaptation of a video flow (transrating) in real time, by putting a modification of the flow «done on the flight » of pre-encoded videos
Vincendon, Marc. "Introduction de la relaxation dans la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendant du temps". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30253/document.
Texto completoThis thesis presents works in 5 areas where we aim at improving or extending toward dissipative cases the TDLDA (Time Dependent Local Density Approximation) method. - The propagation in a natural basis allows first to formalize technics which are a prerequisite to the operation of methods accounting for collisions. - The SIC (Self Interaction Correction) method improves the efficiency of the full Self Interaction Correction. It allows to use efficiently this method in complex conditions such as mixed systems of metallic and covalent molecules. - The TDCDFT (Time Dependent Current and Density Functional Theory) allows to consider some time delay effects by introducing a functional of time and current. It was extended to a 3 dimensional case on little atoms and clusters. The results confirm the damping already evidenced in previous works, but TDCDFT does not predict correctly the non-linear dependence of the damping versus the excitation energy. - The TDHF((Stochastic Time-Dependent Hartree Fock) method introduces correlation by a method of stochastics jumps, in separate time-histories. This method has been modified (Average Stochastic TDHF) to use only one mean field, the jumps are then accounted for by transition probabilities, which allow to modify the occupation numbers. In this form it can work only in a closed box. We show here its extension to an open calculation space. - The RTA (Relaxation Time Approximation) was developed in a 2 dimension model. We show here the extension of this method to 3 dimensions. The amplitude of the numerical method leads to the introduction of new optimization methods. But the results do confirm the tendencies observed in the 2 dimensional case. This method also allows calculation on new molecules
Smet, Françoise. "Sur la théorie des équations de Hartree-Fock dépendant du temps : application au calcul des tenseurs d'hyperpolarisabilité". Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10222.
Texto completoThicoïpé, Sandrine. "Développement et Application de modèles dépendant et indépendant du temps pour l’étude des propriétés spectroscopiques de composés d’intérêt biologique". Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3023/document.
Texto completoMolecules with biological interest participate to biological processes in living organisms or in space (exobiology). Water plays a predominant part on properties of considered systems.Since computations take an important part in interpretation of experiments, the aim of this phD will be to try to reproduct IR experimental spectra with methods of quantum chemistry for two different hydrated systems : nitrate aerosols and microhydrated nucleic acid bases. This work presents a same approach to obtain the best agreement between experience and theory. First, the geometrical model for representation of hydration was investigated with the GSAM code developed at the laboratory. Then, the most adapted theoretical method was determined for studies of each system. Different methods of determination of electronic structure, especially B3LYP and their analogs considering medium and long range interactions B3LYP-D and CAMB3LYP, and vibrational treatments (VPT2, VCI-P and MD) were tested. The experimental evolution observed for wavenumbers associated to the five vibrational modes of the nitrate ion depending on the number of water molecules within the aerosol is reproducible using a model of aggregates of molecular clusters labeled (NaNO3,nH2O)3 at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory : the average discrepancy between theory and experience reaches 15cm-1. Concerning microhydrated nucleic acid bases (X=C, T, U, A et G), the best representation of aqueous environment is made of an explicit model labeled X,nH2O with n=1 to 5 -determined from the application of the GSAM code-, with an implicit one like the PCM model. The comparison of wavenumbers calculated at the B3LYP and B3LYP-D levels of theory in the 1000-1800cm-1 spectral region which represents the vibrational signature for each base favoured the first method. But time-dependent and time-independent methods of vibrational treatment provide comparable results in this region, with a computational cost less important for the VPT2 approach
Fedelich, Bernard. "Trajets d'équilibre des systèmes mécaniques dissipatifs à comportement indépendant du temps physique". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENPC9018.
Texto completoMeresse, Cédric. "Contribution à l'analyse de la dynamique quantique dans des systèmes de Hall en présence d'un flux Aharonov-Bohm dépendant du temps". Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541689.
Texto completoFilipe, Margarida. "Étude mathématique et numérique d'un problème d'interaction fluide-structure dépendant du temps par la méthode de couplage éléments finis-équations intégrales". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EPXX0035.
Texto completoLefranc, Pierre. "Endommagement sous chargement cyclique avec temps de maintien de l'alliage de titane Ti-6242 : rôle de l'hydrogène interne". Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Lefranc-Pierre/2008-Lefranc-Pierre-These.pdf.
Texto completoThis study focuses on the dwell-fatigue behaviour of a beta-forged Ti-6242 alloy. The dwell-effect, phenomenon observed on most of titanium alloys, consists in a fatigue-life decrease after the introduction of hold periods at the maximum stress level. Firstly, this study shows that the dwell-effect results from both earlier fatigue-crack initiation and faster crack propagation. The analyses conducted on the fatigue and creep specimens reveal an internal damage consisting in micro voids nucleation along shear bands resulting from either basal or pyramidal slips. Moreover, tests conducted on hydrogen-charged specimens until 300 ppm show that internal hydrogen has a beneficial effect on fatigue-life without changing the damage mechanism. However, for hydrogen content below 150 ppm, this beneficial may be explained by the increase in yield stress with the increasing hydrogen content, but for hydrogen content over 150 ppm, the increase in yield stress is not sufficient to explain the increase in fatigue-life. Crack growth tests reveal faster crack propagation under dwell-fatigue loading. This increase in crack growth rate results from a combination of deleterious effects of environment and internal hydrogen. The role of internal hydrogen needs more analyses to be clearly established but the internal hydrogen could be responsible of the nucleation of micro cracks in the main crack tip area
Lefranc, Pierre Doquet Véronique Sarrazin Christine. "Endommagement sous chargement cyclique avec temps de maintien de l'alliage de titane Ti-6242 rôle de l'hydrogène interne /". Poitiers : I-Médias, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/index.php?id=415.
Texto completoArnal, Maxime. "Gaz quantique dans un potentiel périodique dépendant du temps : de la modulation perturbative aux résonances de l'effet tunnel assisté par le chaos". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30078.
Texto completoDegenerate quantum gases have demonstrated their ability to mimic the properties of other systems and are, as such, an ideal platform for quantum simulation. These gases, characterized by a high level of control thanks to the temporal driving of their parameters, have mainly been studied either in the perturbative regime or in a purely chaotic one. The aim of the present work is to further extend the possibilities offered by such systems by taking advantage of a mixed dynamics, which we apply to the case of matter-wave transport. In this thesis, we describe several experimental studies on the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional time-dependent optical lattice. The experiments that are presented fall into two categories: (i) the perturbative regime, where the applied modulations induce little chaos, and (ii) the mixed regime, where regular and chaotic trajectories coexist at the classical limit. In the perturbative regime, which was first studied during this thesis, we distinguish two modulation domains of the optical lattice. When the modulation frequencies are resonant with the band structure, we induce interband transitions that are subject to selection rules. We then demonstrate a new cooling technique, similar to evaporation but in reciprocal space, taking advantage of these selection rules. For a phase modulation out of resonance, the dynamics of the condensate can be described by an effective Hamiltonian. We study two such Hamiltonians, one of which accounts for a quantum phase transition and the other for the renormalization of the lattice depth. In each case we explore the limits of these models. The mixed regime constitutes the second focus of this thesis. The classical analogue of our system is the modulated pendulum, well-known to present both regular and chaotic trajectories. This behavior is revealed at the quantum level by the presence, in addition to the lattice structure, of a chaotic sea. In this optical lattice dressed by chaos, we study a type of transport called chaos-assisted tunneling, which presents resonances that can amplify or inhibit tunneling between two stable positions within a lattice well. Compared to previous experiments on this subject, we use a different configuration in which we manage to resolve these resonances for the first time. For quantum simulators, this work paves the way to a new type of control, including long-range transport
Papalazarou, Evangelos. "Applications des harmoniques élevées en physique des solides : dynamique de phonons cohérents résolue en temps et endommagement de surface". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0024.
Texto completoSortais, Yvan. "Construction d'une fontaine double a atomes froids de 87Rb et 133Cs : étude des effets dépendant du nombre d'atomes dans une fontaine". Paris 6, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001065.
Texto completoAngrand, Lise. "Modèle d’endommagement incrémental en temps pour la prévision de la durée de vie des composites tissés 3D en fatigue cyclique et en fatigue aléatoire". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN005/document.
Texto completoThe work presented in this report is part of the Collaborative Research Project PRC Composites, funded by the DGAC involving Safran, Onera and several CNRS laboratories whose LMT Cachan. One of the main objectives of this project PRC is to establish models capable to simulate the mechanical behavior, durability and still manufacturing processes for composite PMC. This thesis focus on the study of the behavior of 3D woven composite to mechanical fatigue stresses. This thesis further to the work developed at Onera on cycle damage models for fatigue on PMC, named ODM-PMC. We propose a kinetic damage model, which calculates the kinetic damage evolution, over time. This model is then able to take into account the cycle fatigue loads, and on the other hand the complex or random fatigue loads. The proposed kinetic damage law involves two damage contributions, a monotonous contribution for static loads and a fatigue contribution for fatigue loads. The monotonous contribution is fully equivalent to the monotonous law of ODM-PMC model, the parameters are easily identifiable. The fatigue contribution is not equivalent to the fatigue damage law of initial model ODM-PMC, this is explained by the fact that there are different ways to take into account the average stress effect, unavoidable concept for the study of fatigue loads. We have chosen to consider the mean stress effect by adding the calculation of a mean that evolves during the loading. The identification of fatigue parameters takes place in two steps. The first step is based on a simplification of the model equation set (elasticity and damage are not coupled) to determine a simple relationship, 1D, between the number of cycles to failure and the maximum stress. This expression allows us then quickly to draw diagrams Wohler (σ_a ou σ_Max vs N_R) as well as Haigh diagram (σ_a vs σ ̅). These diagrams allow us to make an initial identification of fatigue parameters. The second step is to readjust certain parameters using the full model 3D, numerical, the 3D model was been encoded for both strain and stress steering. Nevertheless, the methodology requires having a lot of experimental results. It allows also to identifying fatigue parameters at other temperatures in order to provide isothermal modeling. The damage model is made with a first probabilistic approach, pragmatic, to the great number of cycles fatigue. One parameter (determinist), is defined as a random variable, it is the fatigue damage threshold (strain) delimiting the endurance unlimited domain
Zhang, Dongmei. "Analyse du comportement dépendant du temps des argiles naturelles et son application à la prédiction du tassement à long terme des tunnels en site urbain". Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2114.
Texto completoSaelen, Lene. "Quantum control of strongly coupled dynamics in few component systems". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066768.
Texto completoSortais, Yvan. "Construction d'une fontaine double à atomes froids de 87Rb et 133Cs ; Etude des effets dépendant du nombre d'atomes dans une fontaine". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001065.
Texto completomesurés simultanément par une méthode différentielle. La modélisation de l'évolution du nuage atomique dans la fontaine permet de confronter nos mesures avec les prédictions théoriques sur les longueurs de diffusion en onde "s". Par ailleurs, la comparaison des fréquences hyperfines du Rb et du Cs dans des fontaines indépendantes nous a permis de réaliser un test de la dérive de la constante de structure fine \alpha au niveau de
7 x 10^{-15}.an^{-1}. Afin d'améliorer ce test, nous avons construit une fontaine pouvant fonctionner simultanément au Rb et au Cs. Les améliorations techniques apportées sur cette
horloge, conjointement à une nouvelle procédure de mesure du déplacement collisionnel du Cs, devraient permettre d'explorer la gamme d'exactitude des 10^{-16} pour ces deux alcalins.
Meyer, Rodolphe. "Prise en compte du bruit des transports routiers dans l'analyse du cycle de vie : développement des facteurs de caractérisation dépendant du temps pour les impacts sur la santé". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0879/document.
Texto completoNoise affects human health, causing annoyance, sleep disturbance and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The quantification of noise impacts highlights it as a public health problem for which road traffic is mainly responsible. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a technique to assess the environmental impacts of a product, a service or a process. Despite taking into account many environmental problems, the impact of noise on human health is not yet properly taken into account in LCA. The aim of this PhD thesis is to integrate the impact of traffic noise on human health in the LCA framework.The scientific elements of acoustics and epidemiology that allow this integration are presented. An analysis of the existing methods is conducted by applying them to a case study. This helps to understand the advantages and drawbacks of the different approaches while comparing the results they provide. A method to integrate the impact of road traffic noise on human health in the LCA framework is then proposed. The method is based on noise prediction software and data made available by the Directive 2002/49/EC. This makes it possible to establish, with great precision, characterisation factors (CFs) connecting elementary flows of the LCA inventory with an impact on human health.The method is then applied to a sample of small geographic areas selected in the region surrounding the city of Lyon (France). The application of the method and the analysis of the results provides a multitude of information regarding the potential existence of a typology for spatial differentiation, the best form for the collection of noise information at the LCA inventory level, the spatial variability of the CFs and the uncertainties that may be associated with them. The CFs obtained show that integrating the impact of noise into LCA could double the impact of road transport on human health. This PhD thesis also identifies further potential research topics. Similar work needs to be done for other transport modes (mainly trains and airplanes) to allow for a fair comparison of different transport modes in LCA studies. Repeating this method in other geographical areas with other acoustic emission and propagation models and/or other noise prediction software would also help the generalisation of this work and the assessment of possible sources of uncertainties
Villarraga, Diaz Claudia Juliana. "Effect of thermal cycles on rock massif stability". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30029.
Texto completoThe environmental conditions may play a relevant role in the stability of rock slopes. In fact, weathering can contribute to the reduction of strength of the material, while hydro-mechanical loading actions may induce and eventually concentrate internal stresses in the rock massif. This Ph.D. thesis deals with the effect of atmospheric thermal cycles in rocks, from both experimental and numerical point of view. This research is focused on the real case of La Roque Gageac, a small town located in the south-west of France, which experiences rock fall risk. Installed instrumentation evidenced the main role played by thermal variations in rock falls occurrence. With the aim of isolating the effect of thermal cycles in the La Roque Gageac limestone, an experimental study is performed. Samples were obtained from blocks felt and intact cores drilled from the cliff face. These samples were submitted to thermal cycles between 10ºC and 50ºC, in order to mimic natural variations. The damage induced in the samples is evaluated through measurements of strains, elastic wave propagation velocities and uniaxial compressive strength. It is observed that samples experience an accumulation in strains and a reduction in the elastic wave propagation velocity and material strength during the imposition of thermal cycles. The response depends moreover on the mineralogical composition of the rock, which varies from sample to sample, as the cliff presents a large heterogeneity. Based on the results obtained in the experimental program, principal characteristics of thermal damage have been evaluated, proposing a constitutive model capable to reproduce the macroscopic mechanical response of the rock under the applied thermal cycles. With this purpose, a constitutive model has been developed. It considers the rock as a composite material made of two components endowed each with its own thermo-mechanical behavior. The model has been further implemented in the Finite element Code_Bright and used to model laboratory tests. Results provide, on the one hand, a validation of the model by the measurements and, on the other hand, insights into a better understanding of the development of internal stress and damage inside the samples during thermal cycles
Natarajan, Bhaarathi. "Implémentation et applications d'algorithmes fondés sur la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendante du temps dans les logiciels à la base des fonctions gaussiennes et ondelettes". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682011.
Texto completoDurin, Bruno. "Configurations dépendantes du temps dans le formalisme perturbatif de le théorie des cordes". Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011702.
Texto completoPnevmatikos, Nikolaos. "Contributions à la théorie des jeux : valeur asymptotique des jeux dépendant de la fréquence et décompositions des jeux finis". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E026/document.
Texto completoThe problems addressed and results obtained in this thesis are divided in two parts. The first part concerns the study of the asymptotic value of frequency-dependent games (FD-games). We introduce a differential game associated to the FD-game whose value leads to a Hamilton-Jacob-Bellman-lsaacs equation. Although an irregularity occurs at the origin, we prove existence of the value in the differential game played over [0.1 ], which allows to prove that the value of the FD-game, as the number of stages tend to infinity, converges to the value of the continuous-time game with initial state 0. ln the second part, the objective is the decomposition of the space of finite games in subspaces of suitable games which admit disguised equilibria and more tractable analysis. This part is divided in two chapters. In the first chapter, we establish a canonical decomposition of an arbitrary game into three components and we characterize the approximate equilibria of a given game in terms of the uniform equilibrium and the equilibrium in dominant strategies that appear in its components. In the second part, we introduce a family of inner products in the space of finite games and we define the class of harmonic games relatively to the chosen inner product. Inspired of the Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition applied to games by Candogan et al (2011 ), we establish an orthogonal decomposition of the space of finite games with respect to the chosen inner product, in the subspaces of potential harmonic and non-strategic games and we further generalize several results of Candogan et al (2011)
Ech-Choudany, Youssef. "Analyse des signaux non-stationnaires à l’aide d’une nouvelle démarche de classification : application à l’identification de l’endommagement de matériaux composites par émission acoustique et à la détection de la crise d’épilepsie par EEG". Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS020/document.
Texto completoThe aims of this thesis consists in developing a method of Non-destructive testing (NDT) by Acoustic Emissions (AE). Indeed, during the process of degradation of composite materials several mechanisms of damage in the microscopic scale can intervene according to the nature of the composite and its constituents (fibers and epoxy). AE allows to analyze and to identify more in detail these damages mechanism, by means of a classification. This method of classification will be based on the use of kernel methods in the time - frequency domain. It will be a question of determining one adapted kernel in the proposed problem. This work will so allow to analyze and to classify mechanisms without using descriptors
Tricoire, Benoît. "Optimisation dans les réseaux logistiques : du "terrain" à la prospective". Angers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ANGE0019.
Texto completoThe work carried out during this PhD thesis address three optimization issues that have been encountered by Optilogistic, a software company specialized in transport optimization. First, in a prospective approach, we consider a load plan design problem faced by express shipment companies. Then, we study a real world problem encountered by a french retail company. Lastly, our attention has been drawn to the computation of time-dependant shortest paths related to road networks submitted to traffic congestions
Zhang, Qidi. "Existence en temps grand et croissance des normes Sobolev pour des solutions d'équations de Klein-Gordon semi-linéaires et de Schrödinger linéaires sur certaines variétés". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00566524.
Texto completoRothan, Alexandre. "Etude rhéologique de formulations thermodurcissables, pour la modélisation de procédés de type SMC". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE003/document.
Texto completoThe research presented is divided into 2 independents chapters: - the 1st one focuses on the rheological study of a fibreless formulation for SMC. This study allows us to write constitutive equations of the formulation. These equations are in turn implemented in a numerical simulation program, in order to predict the forces generated during a compression experiment. These simulated data are eventually compared with experimental data obtained during compression.- the 2nd chapter concerns the study of a rare rheological behaviour: the negative rheopexy. The viscosity of the sample depends on its shear history, in a very different way than a thixotropic sample’s viscosity would. This rheological behaviour is very component sensitive, and results from the interactions between 4 components. As soon as one of them is missing, the negative rheopexy disappears. The mixture studied is constituted of products traditionally used for the production of SMC
Berot, Maxime. "Modélisation simplifiée d'assemblages par éléments équivalents". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443533.
Texto completoLambert-Lacroix, Sophie. "Fonction d'autocorrélation partielle des processus à temps discret non stationnaires et applications". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004893.
Texto completoLabat, Frédéric. "Modélisation DFT des composants élémentaires de cellules photovoltaïques hybrides". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066344.
Texto completoGrasset-Bourdel, Romain. "Planification et replanification pour une constellation de satellites agiles d'observation de la Terre". Toulouse, ISAE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ESAE0008.
Texto completoRenard, Laurent. "Modélisation de la relation pharmacodynamie-pharmacocinétique en antibiothérapie vétérinaire : modélisation pharmacodynamique in vitro d'un antibiotique "temps-dépendant", la spiramycine, et d'un antibiotique "concentration-dépendant", la colistine; stimulation de la relation pharmacocinétique-pharmacodynamie de la colistine vis-à vis de Escherichia coli chez le veau, application de la modèlisation pharmacocinétique/pharmacodynamique au cas de mammites expérimentales à Staphylococcus aureus et à Streptococcus uberis chez la vache laitière". Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO303C.
Texto completoAvez, Benoît. "Mouvements collectifs dans les noyaux : des vibrations à la fusion". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492067.
Texto completoBajardi, Paolo. "Diffusion des épidémies : le rôle de la mobilité des agents et des réseaux de transport". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22106/document.
Texto completoIn recent years, the increasing availability of computer power has enabled both to gather an unprecedented amount of data depicting the global interconnections of the modern society and to envision computational tools able to tackle the analysis and the modeling of dynamical processes unfolding on such a complex reality. In this perspective, the quantitative approach of Physics is catalyzing the growth of new interdisciplinary fields aimed at the understanding of complex techno-socio-ecological systems. By recognizing the crucial role of host mobility in the dissemination of infectious diseases and by leveraging on a network science approach to handle the large scale datasets describing the global interconnectivity, in this thesis we present a theoretical and computational framework to simulate epidemics of emerging infectious diseases in real settings. In particular we will tackle two different public health related issues. First, we present a Global Epidemic and Mobility model (GLEaM) that is designed to simulate the spreading of an influenza-like illness at the global scale integrating real world-wide mobility data. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic demonstrated the need of mathematical models to provide epidemic forecasts and to assess the effectiveness of different intervention policies. In this perspective we present the results achieved in real time during the unfolding of the epidemic and a posteriori analysis on travel related mitigation strategies and model validation. The second problem that we address is related to the epidemic spreading on evolving networked systems. In particular we analyze a detailed dataset of livestock movements in order to characterize the temporal correlations and the statistical properties governing the system. We then study an infectious disease spreading, in order to characterize the vulnerability of the system and to design novel control strategies. This work is an interdisciplinary approach that merges statistical physics techniques, complex and multiscale system analysis in the context of hosts mobility and computational epidemiology
Hoang, Thi Thao Phuong. "Méthodes de décomposition de domaine espace-temps pour la formulation mixte de problèmes d'écoulement et de transport en milieu poreux". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922325.
Texto completoChantrait, Teddy. "Approche multiéchelle en espace et en temps pour la prévision des endommagements dans les structures composites soumises à un impact de faible énergie". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0129/document.
Texto completoThe composite laminates are increasingly used in aircraft structural parts which lead to new issues such as the Low Energy Impacts (LEI). Indeed, although they have well mechanical properties relative to their mass, small shocks may be very harmfull for laminates. Controlling such situations is essential for manufacturers that why lot of testing campaigns are currently performed. Yet, they are time consuming and expensive considering the many influential parameters (energy, speed, layup...). Numerical simulations of this phenomenon by practicing the so called “virtual testing” process could be really helpfull to rationalize testing campaigns in order to save money. Yet, this practice remain currently hard to do at the industrial scale due to the excessive CPU time required for fine simulation of damages induced by the LEI. Based on this observation, this work has consisted in taking advantage of the spatial and temporal location of delamination, matrix cracking and fiber breakage that can occur during impact in order to reduce the computational cost. Thus, a space and time multiscale method has been put in place. The impacted structure is split into two areas. One is located around the impacted point, it contains all the non-regularities of the problem (contact, softening law, cohesive zone model). This domain is treated with the explicit dynamics code Europlexus. The other one corresponds to the complementary part. The mechanical problem is much more regular and it is treated with the implicit dynamics code Zset / Zebulon. A low intrusive coupling based on the GC method is carried out between these two codes. It allows to use an adapted model in both regions different time step are in particular used. A time step ratio upper to 1000 can be reach between the one of the explicit code set by the stability condition and the one used in the complementary part. As a results, significant CPU time is saved. This is confirmed by the simulation of a stiffened composite panel impacted. It is also shown that the implicit / explicit allocation can change over the calculation. To do that, a switch mechanism has been established. It thus makes it possible to transit the resolution of a portion of the structure initially solved in the code Zebulon to Europlexus. As a results, further gain is obtained
Dobrovat, Anca-madalina. "Modélisation multi-échelle de l'endommagement et de l'émission acoustique dans les roches". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685849.
Texto completoBuso, David. "Influence des modes d'alimentation et de gestion des réseaux d'éclairage sur la performance et la fiabilité des sources de lumière". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30273.
Texto completoThis work deals with power supply influence on light sources lifetime, as well as theirs electrical and radiative behaviour. A lamp aging bench was set up and tests performed. This aging bench is mainly made up of fluorescents lamps of different types supplied trough ferromagnetic and electronics ballasts. These lighting systems are supplied following two switching cycles in order to evaluate ignition phases and operating regime impact on lamp aging. In parallel, a thermal model of electrodes and a positive column model was achieved in order to have a better understanding of physical phenomena inducing electrode erosion and to analyse interactions between the discharge and its power supply
Sogbossi, Hognon Eric Arnaud. "Etude de l'évolution de la perméabilité du béton en fonction de son endommagement : transposition des résultats de laboratoire à la prédiction des débits de fuite sur site". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30210/document.
Texto completoThe building reactor of the nuclear power plants are designed to provide precise containment and sealing properties in normal use situations and in the event of a nuclear accident, to prevent the spread of radioelements in the environment. Since these enclosures are made of concrete, controlling the evaluation of the permeability of concrete and its evolutions under stress would make it possible to evaluate the leakage rates that may occur over time under certain conditions. Until today, there are several techniques for measuring permeability and these techniques lead to different results for the same concrete specimen. The first study we carried out was therefore to propose a standardization of the permeability measurement: this standardization resulted in the determination of a characteristic permeability of concrete and independent of the measurement technique. In parallel with this approach, we also proposed to evaluate the permeability of concrete using observables from Non-Destructive Testing such as permittivity and electrical resistivity. The results obtained show the possibility of estimating the permeability under concrete conditions on site. The second study carried out relates to the control of the permeability under constraints. In the laboratory, we investigated the permeability of concrete specimens of different sizes under various conditions of drying, thermal stress, mechanical and coupled damage. We could establish permeability-damage models according to each source of damage. The third study carried out relates to the transposition from laboratory results to the site, using nuclear power plants mock-up of larger dimensions and representative of the actual structure (VeRCoRs at scale 1/3). All the results of the first two studies have been used and have led to calculations of leak rates and Time to Reach Steady State (TRSS) consistent with the calculation assumptions
Dobrovat, Anca. "Modélisation multi-échelle de l'endommagement et de l'émission acoustique dans les roches". Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI021/document.
Texto completoAccurate modeling of failure of geomaterials is the key to the success of a diverse range of engineering challenges including the topic of CO2 sequestration, nuclear waste disposal and hydrocarbon production plus civil engineering projects for tunnels or excavations. The aim of this thesis is to develop macroscopic damage evolution laws based on explicit descriptions of fracture at the micro-scale level which can be successfully employed to describe long term damage behavior of geologic storage sites. The approach taken is based on homogenization through asymptotic developments combined with micro-crack propagation energy analysis which leads to an explicit quantification of the acoustic emission (AE) energy associated with damage. Proposed damage models are capable of modeling the degradation of elastic moduli due to the micro-crack evolution. This representation allows the modeling of wave propagation in a medium with evolving damage. Two types of damage models will be considered: time independent and time dependent. Time independent damage models capable of describing progressive micro-cracking propagation (i.e. quasi-brittle type damage law) are considered. In the case of time-dependent damage models, the evolution of the micro-crack length during propagation is described through a sub-critical criterion and mixed mode propagation by branching. Using the time dependent damage model including rotational micro-cracks, simulations will be made at three levels: laboratory, tunnel and reservoir scales
Vidal, Sylvain. "Mécanismes d'ionisation de systèmes libres en lumière extrême décrits par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité dépendante du temps". Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1690/.
Texto completoThis thesis presents a theoretical model, in the framework of time-dependent density functional theory, to describe the non-linear dynamics of metal clusters and small organic molecules exposed to an intense excitation (irradiation by a femtosecond laser, collision with multicharged ions). We have chosen to study, in particular, the dynamical mechanism of the depletion of the electronic levels for sodium clusters, pyridine and uracil. We observed that the distribution of emitted electrons sensitively depends on the photon frequency. Frequencies close to visible light only excite the electrons from the Fermi surface while the light in the ultraviolet high frequencies, like these delivered by free electron lasers, tends to remove the electrons from all electronic levels, with a preference for the deepest bounded valence states. We also studied photoelectron spectra of sodium clusters and we exhibited a correlation with the electronic depletion scheme