Tesis sobre el tema "Empreintes optiques et moléculaires"
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Griffete, Nebewia. "Cristaux photoniques et polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour la détection optique de polluants". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077105.
Texto completoVery recent years have shown great improvements in the field of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), biomimetic Systems able to selectively recognize a target molecule. Another emerging domain in full expansion is the development of photonic crystals based on highly organized colloïdal particle networks, with the possibility to immobilize them within polymer films: the selective etching of the particles provides 3D-ordered interconnected macroporous structure, called inverse opals. In this PhD, we have combined these two promising concepts (molecular imprinting and photonic crystals in order to elaborate an original self-reporting sensing film exhibiting high sensitivity and selectivity. We have adopted the Langmuir-Blodgett method to form colloïdal silica crystals as templates in combination with the molecular-imprinting technique to prepare highly ordered 3D macroporous hydrogel films (of polymethacrylic acid). The resulting porous material contains both specific molecular recognition nanocavities for bisphenol A and a periodic variation of the dielectric constant which generates a readable optical signal directly (self-reporting) upon binding' the target analyte without the need for labeling. We focused particularly on the optimisation of the optical response of the photonic crystals towards external stimuli (such as pH changes or variation of the BPA concentration) by introducing active defect layer within the materials. Two kinds of defect layers were studied: (i) planar defects made of the same material as the host crystal but varying by the particle size; (ii) planar defects made of a chemically different material, consisting in ferric oxide nanoparticles covered by a molecularly imprinted polymer overlayer (NP@MIP)
Boukra, Mohamed-Amine. "Caractérisation intégrée de la matière organique dissoute : recherche d'empreintes physico-chimiques pour tracer les sources de pollutions anthropiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10094.
Texto completoAnthropogenic activities at the scale of a watershed can be very numerous (e.g. agricultural practices, industries, transport, and tourism). These activities generate pressures that result in the input of pollutants to the watercourse (e.g. major elements, organic micropollutants, trace metals). The identification of these sources of pollutants in watercourses remains a challenge to date. Organic matter in its dissolved fraction (DOM) constitutes a complex mixture of molecules whose composition and physicochemical properties depend on its origin, whether natural or anthropogenic, terrigenous or autochthonous, diffuse or point source. Because of its ubiquity, the DOM present in the rivers could be used as a tracer of the anthropic activities and thus of the sources of pollutants at the scale of a catchment. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to identify markers based on physico-chemical properties of DOM (that are characteristic of natural (e.g. terrigenous inputs, autochthonous production) and anthropogenic (e.g. wastewater treatment plant discharges, urban runoff, agriculture and livestock activities) sources at the watershed scale. For this purpose, an original database was built with more than 130 water samples representative of these different sources and analyzed with a wide range of analytical techniques (dissolved organic carbon determination, analysis by UV-Visible spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation-emission, analysis by steric exclusion chromatography coupled with UV and fluorescence detection - HPSEC/UV-fluorescence - , and molecular analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry - LC-HRMS - ). The exploitation of the database allowed to improve the characterization of DOM with the identification of new optical (HPSEC/UV-fluorescence) and molecular (LC-HRMS) indicators. A protocol for processing complex data from non-targeted LC-HRMS analysis was developed and validated using quality control in order to extract the most relevant molecular compounds to differentiate DOM sources. This work also validated a sampling methodology specific to land-based diffuse sources in relation to land use to build their footprints at the watershed scale. Finally, the integrated multi-analytical and multi-source approach developed in the framework of the thesis allowed the construction of specific fingerprints of the selected sources of DOM (natural, anthropogenic, diffuse, point). The results of this work clearly show that DOM can be considered as a tracer of the origin of the water masses and the associated pollutions in the rivers
Fuchs, Yannick. "Capteurs chimiques holographiques à base de polymères à empreintes moléculaires comme éléments de reconnaissance". Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2037.
Texto completoMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made synthetic receptors capable of specifically recognizing a target molecule. They are synthesized by polymerization of a complex between functional monomers and a template molecule in the presence of cross-linkers. After polymerization and removal of the template molecule, the cross-linked polymer network contains cavities that are complementary to the template in terms of size, shape, and position of functional groups, allowing the polymer to bind target analytes with high affinity and specificity. The work reported in this thesis is focused on the development of MIP-based holographic sensors, a novel group of optical sensors in which MIPs is used as recognition element, and the holographic element is built into it and used as an optical transducer. Label-free binding assays performed with holographic sensors showed the optical signal being specifically modified upon incubation in testosterone solutions. This is due to structural modifications that occur in the MIP matrix upon analyte binding, which consequently give rise to structural changes. Testosterone concentrations as low as 1 µM could thus be detected. The combination of holographic transducers with MIPs as synthetic recognition elements has the potential to give rise to inexpensive general sensing devices that can be adapted to, and used in, a broad range of sensing tasks, without the need of labeling the analyte. These range from the highly sensitive spectrometric sensor to the instrument-less test strip, and should be of interest for industry, biomedical, environmental and food, end even for household use
Sahun, Maxime. "Développement d'un capteur à base de polymère à empreintes moléculaires pour la quantification de la sphingosine 1-phosphate libre et circulante comme biomarqueur du mélanome cutané". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30242/document.
Texto completoMelanoma is the most aggressive and severe form of cutaneous cancer due to its high metastatic potential. However, to date, no marker for the early detection of melanoma has been unanimously accepted. Our group has demonstrated that ceramide metabolism is strongly altered in melanoma, leading to the overproduction of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), one of its derivatives. S1P is secreted by melanoma cells and has been identified as a critical molecule of tumor microenvironment remodeling that supports cancer progression. Physiologically, circulating S1P is predominantly linked to high density lipoproteins (HDLs), low and very low density lipoproteins (LDLs and VLDLs), as well as albumin. Melanoma cells produce unbound S1P that could be responsible for the effects induced by this lysophospholipid on the tumor microenvironment, as a result of its binding to S1PR receptors present on the surface of stromal cells. Thus, secreted tumor S1P could represent a new biomarker for the early detection of melanoma. However, there are currently no means to quantify it. The goal of this interdisciplinary work was to develop a new sensor based on a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) in order to quantify unbound S1P present in the blood of melanoma patients. This study has been conducted between the "Engineering for Life science Applications (EliA)" group at the Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems (LAAS) and the "Sphingolipids, metabolism, cell death and tumor progression" group at the Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), in strong collaboration with the team "Biomimetism and Bioinspired Structures" of the University of Technology of Compiègne (UTC). First, we synthesized a new MIP against S1P employing a bulk thermopolymerization approach. The resulting MIP was characterized and optimized by performing both mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. It was compared to a Non Imprinted Polymer (NIP) and exposed to S1P analogues to assess its selectivity. Second, in order to use the MIP as the sensitive layer of a future sensor and prepare its immobilization and structuration onto a transducer, we synthesized a new surface photopolymerizable MIP. This MIP was first structured by photolithography onto silicon substrates and validated by fluorescence microscopy measurements. The MIP was also structured as a thin layer onto Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) chips in order to validate its binding capacities using this label-free method. Finally, the use of a MIP-coated optical fiber as an infrared sensor was explored, with the aim of detecting S1P in blood using Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy
Hadj, Ali Wassim. "Polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour l'extraction de l'ochratoxine A des matrices alimentaires : caractérisation et miniaturisation". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066803.
Texto completoBetatache, Amina. "Conception et réalisation de capteurs biomimétiques à base de polymères à empreintes moléculaires à transduction électrochimique". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10250.
Texto completoBiosensors are rapid, selective and low-cost analytical devices of growing interest for a wide range of application fields (e.g. environment, food, health). The extraordinary molecular recognition capabilities of sensing biomolecules such as enzymes and antibodies have been successfully exploited in the elaboration of a number of biosensors. However, these biorecognition elements are often produced via complex and costful protocols and require specific handling conditions because of their poor stability. To circumvent these limitations, artificial receptors of similar recognition properties are now proposed as alternatives to natural receptors in sensor technology. Molecular imprinted polymers are among the most promising biomimetic materials reported. In this work, we developed two impedimetric biomimetic sensors. The first one is based on imprinted poly(ethylene co-vinyl alcohol) for creatinine detection and the second on polymethacrylate MIPs for testosterone analysis. In the first case, MIP was produced and deposited onto gold microelectrodes, either by spin-coating of a pre-polymerization solution, or by electrospinning. In the second case, MIPs were synthetized by photopolymerization of methacrylic acid in presence of ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (cross-linker), an azo-initiator and testosterone as template using the “grafting from” method in which the initiator is first attached to the transducer surface but to effect polymerization we used two different approaches (dip-coating of a prepolymerization solution on the transducer surface functionalized with the initiator or immersing it in the solution of monomers and testosterone) followed by exposure to an energy source to effect polymerization. Then, analytical performances (linear range, detection limit, selectivity and reproducibility) of both creatinine and testosterone sensors were determined and compared
Omar-Aouled, Nima. "Développement d'un biocapteur associant dispositif à onde de Love et polymères à empreintes moléculaires, caractérisation sous gaz". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987912.
Texto completoOmar, Aouled Nima. "Développement d'un biocapteur associant dispositif à onde de Love et polymères à empreintes moléculaires : caractérisation sous gaz". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064177.
Texto completoDuhirwe, Gilbert. "Polymères à empreintes moléculaires biodégradables : synthèse de nouveaux monomères fonctionnels et agents réticulants à base de sucres". Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0008/document.
Texto completoMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic biomimetic materials, capable of recognizing and specifically binding a target molecule in a similar way to the natural receptors (antibodies, enzymes, hormone receptors). Considering their screening ability, their mechanical and chemical stability and their weak production cost compared to conventional biomolecules, these materials are used in separative, bioreceptors, synthesis and catalysis fields. However, the use of these materials in controlled drug delivery for clinical applications is still limited due to their lack of biodegradation and biocompatibility. The main drawback lies in the use of functional monomers and cross-linking agents based on petrochemicals products. In this work, we have studied the use of functional monomers and cross-linking agents based on sugars for the development of biodegradable and biocompatible MIPs. These molecules derived from biomass resources are potentially cleavable by enzymes. Firstly, our study focused on selective modification in order to graft polymerisable functions through ester, amide and triazole groups of derivatives based on di-, tri-, and oligosaccharides. Under enzymatic conditions, we observed and verified the cleavage of glycosidic bonds. We finally began a preliminary study of polymerization with these new molecules. Our first results showed that our compounds allowed obtaining hydrophilic polymers, which are degradable under enzymatic conditions
Hamelin, Régis. "Étude et réalisation d'émetteurs optiques intégrés sur matériaux III-V". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10162.
Texto completoBoulanouar, Al Massati Sara. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour l'extraction sélective de pesticides organophosphorés dans les huiles végétales". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066204/document.
Texto completoThe increasing use of pesticides in agriculture causes serious health risks to humans. These pesticides may possibly be found in vegetable oils used as cosmetic ingredients. Their identification and reliable quantitative analysis at trace levels constitute a challenge for the safe use of such oils despite the high potential of analytical methods such as liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Their determination at low concentration levels in complex oil samples requires an extraction and a purification step. In order to increase the selectivity of the sample treatment step, the synthesis of imprinted sorbents can be considered. This study focusses on a group of pesticides, the organophosphorus (OPs) that present some structural disparity and belong to a wide range of polarity (log P values between 0.7 and 4.7). To produce imprinted sorbents, a first approach of synthesis consists in the radical polymerization of organic monomers in moderately polar organic solvents to obtain molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The second one, the Sol-Gel approach, consists in the hydrolysis and then condensation of organosilanes in a polar medium to produce molecularly imprinted silicas (MIS). For both approaches, different conditions of synthesis were screened using different template molecules, monomers and solvents. The selectivity of the resulting imprinting polymers was first evaluated by studying the extraction profiles of OPs in pure media on MIP and MIS. The non-specific interactions were estimated by studying in parallel the retention of OPs on non-imprinted polymers synthesized in the same conditions as imprinted sorbents but in the absence of the template molecule. Both sorbents MIP/MIS present a complementarity in terms of selective extraction of the target OPs: polar OPs were extracted selectively using the MIS while moderately polar OPs were selectively extracted by the MIP. The capacity of these supports was evaluated and was consistent with the analysis of OPs at trace levels in real oil samples. After studying the repeatability of the extraction procedure and of the reliability of the syntheses, the performances of these supports were studied in real media. For this, MIP/MIS were applied to the selective extraction of OPs from different vegetable oils (almond, olive and sunflower oil) and similar results were obtained for the three different oils. Their potential in terms of ability to remove matrix interfering compounds were higher than those of the conventional method based on the use of C18 silica. The estimated limits of quantifications were lower than the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) established by EU Regulation 396/2005 for these compounds in oils
Ayari, Mohamed. "Développement de Polymères à Empreintes Moléculaires pour la Libération Controlée de la Ribavirine et de l'Adénosine -5'-monosphosphate". Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2047/document.
Texto completoThis thesis report presents the synthesis of new polymeric cargos associated with molecular imprinting technology for the controlled release of nucleoside analogs: ribavirin for the treatment of pulmonary influenza A and adenosine 5'-monophosphate.At first, we focused on the development of different formulations of bulk MIPs in hydrogel form with the aim of setting up controlled release systems for ribavirin under different stimuli. Then, we carried out a "Dummy-template"approach using 2 ', 3', 5'-tri-O-acetyl-ribavirin in order to reduce the polarity of ribavirin so that we could explore different aprotic solvents to better stabilize the pre-polymerization complex. This study was accomplished by the use of new monomers synthesized within the laboratory and by comparing them with a commercial monomer such as methacrylic acid.These different MIPs showed differences in adsorption with respect to ribavirin but also different release profiles and kinetics depending on the release medium or the temperature.Secondly, we transposed the best formulations using 2 ', 3', 5'-tri-O-acetyl-ribavirin as template molecule towards the synthesis of imprinted beads. The spherical MIPs obtained showed desired geometry and diameter to be administeredby the pulmonary route. The incorporation of various co-monomers allowed to modify the architecture of these beads bymaking them thermosensitive or fluorescent.Lastly, this time, we have synthesized imprinted polymers for the controlled release of adenosine-5'-monophosphate. In this part, we studied the release from the spherical shape obtained by inverse Pickering emulsion polymerization
Ibn, El Ahrach Hicham. "Interactions optiques entre nanoparticules métalliques et systèmes moléculaires à indice de réfraction variable". Troyes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TROY0010.
Texto completoThis thesis is related to the study of optical interaction between metal nanoparticles MNP and molecular systems of variable refraction index. One of these properties is related to the excitation of surface waves, called surface plasmons (SP), whose spectral position depends on several parameters of which the refraction index of the surrounding medium. These SP are associated to a strong confinement effect and optical near field enhancement. A MNP illuminated under certain conditions, behave like a confined nanosource of light. Associated to a photosensitive polymer with well determined threshold energy of polymeri-zation, it induces a reduced photopolymeriza-tion thanks to the inhibiting effect of oxygen. Thus, an anisotropic nanpolymerization takes place, and one creates a hybrid metal/polymer particle. This polymerization also induces an anisotropic distribution of the refraction index around the MN. The surface plasmon reso-nance (SPR) gets dependent on the incident field polarization. The result of such an anisot-ropic distribution is a spectral degeneracy breaking of the SP mode. Finally, we can control the SPR position by an electrical orientation of liquid crystal with posi-tive birefringence. We study the effect of a rise of the local refraction index near a pair of MNP by spectra analysis. One shows the influence of the local refraction index which is materialized by a shift of SPR position. It represents a de-crease of the near field coupling yield between MNP with the reduction of the gap interparti-cles
Rasolofo, Éric Andriamahery. "Analyse du microbiote du lait par les méthodes moléculaires". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26727/26727.pdf.
Texto completoChapuis, Florence. "Immunoadsorbants et polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour l'extraction sélective de composés de matrices environnementales et biologiques : synthèse et caractérisation en vue de leur intégration au système total d'analyse". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066049.
Texto completoLebal, Naîma. "Développement d'architectures innovantes associant capteurs acoustiques et matériaux polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour la détection de biomarqueurs de cancer". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0411/document.
Texto completoColorectal cancer statistics in France and all over the world demonstrate theneed for fast, sensitive and specific technological platforms development for cancerdiagnosis. A rapid diagnosis will improve the patients’ health status and reduce the resultswaiting time which could be a great stress factor. Biomarkers analysis in blood, urine andother body fluids is recognized as one of the applied methods for early cancer detection. Inframe of this project, urinary nucleosides have been identified as colorectal cancerbiomarkers. Funded by the National Research Agency (ANR), through the cancer sensorproject (TECSAN program), this thesis was carried out in IMS laboratory. Hence, a colorectalcancer biomarkers detection and monitoring technological solution has been proposed. Inour detection strategy, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) has been identified asbiomarker recognition element. The MIP layer has been associated to Love Wave acoustictransducer. This biosensor will sense the identified colorectal cancer nucleosides
Ulmer, Laurent. "Croissance par épitaxie par jets moléculaires et propriétés optiques d'hétérostructures à base de CdHgTe". Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10178.
Texto completoGodefroy, Anne. "Croissance et étude d'hétérostructures contraintes pour amplificateurs optiques insensibles à la polarisation". Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN1A001.
Texto completoTourbot, Gabriel. "Croissance par épitaxie par jets moléculaires et détermination des propriétés structurales et optiques de nanofils InGaN/GaN". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00745125.
Texto completoAlghoraibi, Ibrahim. "Croissance et nanostructures inAs sur substrats InP pour les applications lasers à 1,55 µm en télécommunications optiques". Rennes, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAR0031.
Texto completoIn recent years, large interest has been devoted to quantum dot and quantum wire lasers. The main motivation of these research works is the expected improvements of the 1,55 µm emitting laser performances. The work reported in this manuscript concerns InAs nanostructures grown on InP substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Two types of lasers have been studied. They are based respectively on InAs/GaInAsP quantum dash formed on InP(100) and InAs/AlGaInAs quantum dots grown on InP(311)B substrates. After nanostructure formation studies and optimizations, quantum dashes based laser emitting at room temperature with threshold current density of 375 A/cm2 have been achieved on InP (100) substrates. On (311)B substrates, QD lasers working up to 212 K have fabricated. In this laser, a large decrease of the threshold current from 110 to 140 K is observed. Complementary experiments show that the negative T0 regime can be related to a delayed thermalisation of carriers within quantum dot ensemble
Belhadj-Kaabi, Faten. "Développement et caractérisation de polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour l'extraction de composés pharmaceutiques à l'état de traces dans les fluides biologiques : miniaturisation du format de synthèse et couplage en-ligne à la nano-chromatographie". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066542.
Texto completoLordel, Sonia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour l'extraction sélective de résidus d'explosifs pour le développement de dispositifs de terrain". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00631350.
Texto completoLordel, Sonia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour l'extraction sélective de résidus d'explosifs pour le développement de dispositifs de terrain". Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066344.
Texto completoSala, Alexandre. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères à empreintes ionique du cuivre pour la conception d'électrodes modifiées". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0010.
Texto completoThe use of copper as a biocide in anti-fouling coatings on ships has led to its accumulation in harbour waters. The aim of this work is to develop electrochemical sensors for its detection in marine samples. For this purpose, copper(II)-imprinted polymers were prepared and used for the modification of electrodes.Firstly, imprinted polymer particles were synthesised using a cross-linking agent (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide) and a functional monomer, methacrylamido-L-histidine (MAH), which can form a complex with copper(II). The physico-chemical characterization of the polymer particles confirmed the integration of MAH and allowed to evaluate the morphological properties of the polymers.The copper(II) binding properties were then evaluated and the particles with the best performance were used to make carbon paste electrodes. These electrodes, with a detection limit of 5.9 x 10-2 μM (or 3.75 μg/L), allowed the determination of copper(II) in marine samples.Finally, new approaches for surface modification were explored for in situ polymer film formation. Thus, iniferters were grafted onto gold electrodes by the formation of self-assembled monolayers but also by electropolymerisation of a polymer with pendant iniferter functions. The latter route allowed the photopolymerisation of a copper(II)-imprinted polymer film on a carbon electrode
Brissard, Muriel. "Synthèse énantiosélective de réseaux bimétalliques optiquement actifs : relation entre propriétés optiques et magnétisme". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066055.
Texto completoGuirleo, Guillaume. "Etude des propriétés électriques et optiques d'hétérostructures Si/CaF2 déposées sur des substrats de Si(111)". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22059.
Texto completoWan, Shi-Wei. "Etude expérimentale des propriétés vibrationnelles du tétraiodozincate de tétraméthylammonium par spectroscopie Raman et mesures optiques". Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS048.
Texto completoBompart, Marc. "Molecularly imprinted polymers and nano-composites by free radical and controlled/living radical polymerization : applications in optical sensors". Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1870.
Texto completoThis thesis is organized in three chapters and is based on three published papers, and two manuscripts about to be submitted. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made synthetic receptors that are obtained by polymerization in the presence of a molecular template. The first paper describes the use of Raman spectroscopy to detect and quantify the presence of the imprinting template in single molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres. The polymers were imprinted with the Beta-blocking drugs propranolol and atenolol, and precipitation polymerization was used to obtain spherical particles. The nanoparticles were used for bulk detection whereas with micrometer-sized particles, quantitative measurements on single particles were possible. Relatively low detection limits down to 1µM have been reached for the detection of S-propranolol through bulk measurements on MIP nanoparticles. The second paper describes chemical nanosensors with a submicron core-shell composite design, based on a polymer core, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) shell for selective analyte recognition, and an interlayer of gold nanoparticles for signal amplification. SERS measurements on single nanosensors yielded a detection limit of 10-7 M for the Beta-blocker propranolol, several orders of magnitude lower than on plain MIP spheres. These particles were also used as sensor materials with localized surface plasmon resonance measurements as the transduction method (Paper III), for the determination of the Beta-blocking drug propranolol. The sensors were used in suspension and were measured using a standard UV-Vis spectrophotometer. In order to solve general problems associated with MIPs, in particular their heterogeneity in terms of inner morphology and distribution of binding site affinities, it has been suggested to use modern methods of controlled/living radical polymerization for their synthesis. This also facilitates their generation in the form of nanomaterials, nanocomposites, and thin films, a strong recent trend in the field. The fourth paper reviews recent advances in the molecular imprinting area, with special emphasis on the use of controlled polymerization methods, their benefits, and current limitations. In the last paper, we have for the first time used a recently developed CRP method based on iodide mediated polymerization, reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerization (RTCP), for the synthesis of MIPs. We show on the example of MIPs specific for the Beta-blocking drug propranolol that RTCP is compatible with MIP synthesis, both for the synthesis of bulk polymers and nanospheres, and that it yields polymers with the same binding capacity as the standard FRP method used for comparison. Solid-state NMR measurements revealed that the conversion of pendant vinyl groups was higher with RTCP than with polymers synthesized by FRP, in particular at higher initiator concentrations
Meisterhans, Guillaume. "Dynamique de la structure génétique des communautés procaryotes en zone benthique côtière : caractérisation de la microflore des sédiments et des bivalves fouisseurs par empreintes moléculaires". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14494/document.
Texto completoThe structures of prokaryotic communities (β diversity) were characterized in sediments and burrowing bivalves.In the sediments, the bacterial and archaeal communities were analyzed by ARISA (Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis) and 16S RNA gene T-RFLP (Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) respectively. In 29 subtidal and intertidal sites of the Arcachon Bay, the spatial patterns of prokaryotic and benthic macrofaunal communities were correlated whereas prokaryotic community species exhibited a low cumulated diversity per habitat. Extending to neighboring ecosystems (West-Gironde mud patch, Gironde estuary) revealed the occurrence of a high proportion of rare OTU (Operational Taxonomic Unit) and a decrease of community similarities with geographic distance among ecosystems.For the bivalves, the whole individual, the organ-scale and the species-scale were successively considered. A cockle cohort monitoring indicated no influence of the parasite Bucephalus minimus occurrence on bacterial community structure at the individual-scale. Comparing cockle and clam at the organ level demonstrated that bivalve associated bacterial communities could differ among organs (e.g. gills, digestive gut, others tissues), among habitats and/or between species
Bakas, Idriss. "Modélisation moléculaire et synthèse de polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour l’extraction sélective sur phase solide d’insecticides organophosphorés à partir d’échantillons naturels : application à l’huile d’olive". Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1169.
Texto completoThe analysis of organophosphate insecticides residues in complex samples such as the environmental matrices or the foodstuffs is remaining hard considering the presence of matrices effect. For this, a sample clean-up is required to clean the sample and preconcentrate the insecticides before chromatography analysis, in order to identify and quantify them easily. Solid phase extraction has become the method of choice for the treatment of such complex samples. Various extracting sorbents are available but coextraction of interfering compounds can be observed. Thus, polymeric sorbents called MIPs (molecularly imprinted polymers) developing a binding based on a molecular recognition mechanism have been suggested as sorbent for the selective extraction of the organophosphate insecticides which are some of the most commonly used pesticides. Firstly, a molecular modelling by using a SYBYL 7. 0 software (Tripos Inc. , st. Louis, MB, the USA) to select functional monomers presenting a good affinity for the organophosphate insecticides, particularly methidathion, malathion, dimethoate and fenthion was realized. The selected monomers were used for synthesized polymers (MIPs) by radicalaire way. Then synthesized MIPs were characterized using the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherms and the microscopic analysis (MEB). The effect of several parameters on the binding of insecticides using MIPs as sorbent in slide phase extraction (SPE) was studied; it shows that the high polarity of the percolation solutions decreases this binding. Therefore, the hexane seems to be the best solvent of percolation, due to its low polarity and to its miscibility with olive oil. The washing step which allows minimizing non specific interactions was optimized for each insecticide. This extraction method was applied to aqueous matrices and high extraction yields were obtained after studying of the effect of pH and the ionic strength. Finally the optimized protocol was used for the selective extraction of insecticides from olive oil: very interesting results were obtained with limits of detection lower than the authorized limits. A simple and fast system for analysis of the metabolites insecticides, based on the association of the extraction using MIPs cartridges and detection by amperometric biosensor was also used
Gobil, Yveline. "Epitaxie par jets moléculaires de CdTe sur GaAs : de la première monocouche aux propriétés structurales et optiques des matériaux". Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10003.
Texto completoUdomsap, Dutduan. "Développement de polymères à empreintes moléculaires électrochimiques pour la surveillance en micropolluants organiques des eaux dans les ouvrages du Canal de Provence". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0009.
Texto completoMolecularly Imprinted Polymers show highly selective affinity towards the target molecule and are used inmany applications. In this context, the technology is used for preparing selective polymers for benzo(a)pyrene(BaP) with the aim of sensor fabrication. The addition of a redox tracer inside the polymer allows thepossibility of direct target detection by an electrochemical technique. In the MIP field, this work is the firstreporting the use of a functional monomer that not only participates in the creation of the polymer network butalso provides a redox property. The polymers synthesized using precipitation polymerization technique werecharacterized in terms of composition, thermal stability and textural properties. The adsorption properties wereevaluated in batch mode by HPLC-UV in the presence of BaP and interfering polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons. These MIPs show good adsorption behavior towards BaP with imprinting factors superior to 1showing the efficiency of the molecular imprinting. These properties were also preserved even in presence ofan organic matter (humic acid salt), and also after several uses. Finally, electrochemical analysis showed thatthese MIPs had a different electrochemical behavior depending on the presence or the absence of the targetwith a detection limit of 0.09 μM for BaP. The use of such electrochemical MIPs can thus be interestinglyconsidered in sensor devices
Lepinay, Sandrine. "Développement de couches polymères nanométriques pour l'immobilisation de récepteurs naturels et le design de récepteurs synthétiques sur des transducteurs optiques". Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1099.
Texto completoTo answer to an always increasing request in sensors, optical measurement systems allowing the detection of natural or synthetic receptors on inorganic substrates were elaborated. By Plasmon Surface Resonance (SPR), we showed that thin films constituted with copolymers of N-(acryloxysuccinimide) and poly (ethylene glycol) acrylates derivatives or that a thin film of polyglycidol presented a strong resistance in non-specific protein adsorption and that they allowed a covalent grafting of biomolecules through their respective reagent groupings. A new sensor, a tilted fiber Bragg gratings was then developed and characterized by using multilayers films presenting selective and reversible properties of recognition by forming inclusion complexes between polymers of cyclodextrine and adamantine derivatives. From this optical fiber, it was also possible to follow in real time interfacial conformation transition, according to the pH, of poly(acrylic acid) chains immobilized covalently on the substrate. For both approaches, biosensors for the detection of bovin serum albumin (BSA) were realized. Furthermore, the inclusion properties of cyclodextrine compounds allowed also the complexation of small hydrophobic molecules such as toluene, which forming chemical sensors. Finally, to avoid the use of a biological material, molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) were also developed. Their selectivity, specificity and sensibility toward gallic acid, the target molecule, were estimated by cyclic voltammetry. The results confirm that these polymers can be considered as artificial receptors
Udomsap, Dutduan. "Développement de polymères à empreintes moléculaires électrochimiques pour la surveillance en micropolluants organiques des eaux dans les ouvrages du Canal de Provence". Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0009/document.
Texto completoMolecularly Imprinted Polymers show highly selective affinity towards the target molecule and are used inmany applications. In this context, the technology is used for preparing selective polymers for benzo(a)pyrene(BaP) with the aim of sensor fabrication. The addition of a redox tracer inside the polymer allows thepossibility of direct target detection by an electrochemical technique. In the MIP field, this work is the firstreporting the use of a functional monomer that not only participates in the creation of the polymer network butalso provides a redox property. The polymers synthesized using precipitation polymerization technique werecharacterized in terms of composition, thermal stability and textural properties. The adsorption properties wereevaluated in batch mode by HPLC-UV in the presence of BaP and interfering polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons. These MIPs show good adsorption behavior towards BaP with imprinting factors superior to 1showing the efficiency of the molecular imprinting. These properties were also preserved even in presence ofan organic matter (humic acid salt), and also after several uses. Finally, electrochemical analysis showed thatthese MIPs had a different electrochemical behavior depending on the presence or the absence of the targetwith a detection limit of 0.09 μM for BaP. The use of such electrochemical MIPs can thus be interestinglyconsidered in sensor devices
Claude, Bérengère. "Intérêt des polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour la préparation d'échantillons par extraction solide-liquide. Applications aux triterpènes dans les plantes et aux dopants dans les urines". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00148669.
Texto completoLa première application révèle l'influence des liaisons hydrogène lors de l'extraction d'un échantillon organique sur un MIP préparé à partir d'acide méthacrylique (MAA). Des expériences de réactivité croisée réalisées sur des molécules analogues à la molécule empreinte (triterpène) montrent l'impact de la nature et de la position des groupes fonctionnels sur la spécificité de reconnaissance des analytes par le MIP. La capacité d'une cartouche SPE est évaluée à partir d'une solution standard puis d'un extrait végétal avec des solvants de lavage adaptés à la matrice.
Les interactions polymère-analyte sont ensuite étudiées dans une matrice aqueuse saline. Deux MIPs respectivement préparés à partir de MAA et de MAA-styrène, avec le clomiphène comme molécule empreinte, sont caractérisés par les isothermes de Freundlich puis appliqués à la préconcentration du tamoxifène, molécule hydrophobe et basique contenue dans des urines hydrolysées et dopées. Les liaisons hydrogène, ioniques et hydrophobes intervenant dans la rétention des analytes sont étudiées par des équilibres d'adsorption et par SPE. La percolation de l'urine sur un support hydrophobe en préalable de la SPE-MIP, ou directement sur un MIP à caractère hydrophobe renforcé (MAA-styrène) entraîne une augmentation des rendements d'extraction avec un nombre d'étapes de lavage réduit.
Lionti, Frédéric. "Etude d'agrégats magnétiques moléculaires à haut spin : Mn12-Ac et Fe17Fe19". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10176.
Texto completoLamouchi, Meriam. "Matériaux moléculaires à propriétés optique et magnétique à base de complexes métalliques polynucléaires : Thiacalixarènes/métaux de transition". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976987.
Texto completoRobin, Ivan-Christophe. "Croissance et contrôle de l'émission spontanée de boîtes quantiques semiconductrices CdSe/ZnSe placées en microcavités optiques". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011126.
Texto completoNous présentons une nouvelle méthode d'élaboration de boîtes quantiques CdSe/ZnSe de manière auto-organisée. Des caractérisations structurales par microscopie à force atomique, microscopie électronique à transmission et diffraction de rayons X haute résolution sont présentées. Des études spectroscopiques sur des ensembles de boîtes et des boîtes uniques nous permettent d'étudier la tenue du confinement des porteurs dans nos boîtes quantiques avec la température. Enfin, ces boîtes quantiques sont placées en microcavités piliers pour contrôler leur émission spontanée. Pour la réalisation des microcavités, des couches d'oxydes sont utilisées pour l'élaboration de miroirs de Bragg et la couche active utilise des boîtes quantiques CdSe/ZnSe. Des expériences de photoluminescence résolue en temps sur une série de boîtes quantiques montrent l'obtention de l'effet Purcell dans nos structures. Un raccourcissement de temps de vie d'un facteur trois est observé pour des boîtes quantiques en résonance avec des modes de cavité excités.
Marc, Jean-Louis. "Elaboration et caractérisation optique de nano-cristallites semi-conductrices CdX (X = S, Se, Te) dispersées dans un verre borosilicate de sodium préparé par le procédé sol-gel". Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20257.
Texto completoLamère, Jean-François. "Commutation de la réponse ONL quadratique dans les matériaux moléculaires". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136412.
Texto completoNotre travail de thèse a consisté à trouver de nouvelles possibilités de commutation ONL à l'aide de calculs DFT et ZINDO.
Les commutations par processus chimique ont été étudiées dans le cas de la protonation de complexes de nickel, qui induit la rotation de l'hyperpolarisabilité et de l'oxydation partielle de tétrathiafulvalènes fonctionnalisés.
Les commutations par processus physique ont été envisagées dans le cas de la transition de spin de complexes de fer(III), de l'effet de la température sur l'équilibre acide-base de dérivés stilbènes et enfin d'un changement conformationnel d'un complexe de chrome et d'un composé diorganoboré.
Pierret, A. "Propriétés structurales et optiques de nanostructures III-N semiconductrices à grand gap : nanofils d'AlxGa1-xN synthétisés par épitaxie par jets moléculaires et nanostructures de nitrure de bore". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020119.
Texto completoPierret, Aurélie. "Propriétés structurales et optiques de nanostructures III-N semiconductrices à grand gap : nanofils d’AlxGa1−xN synthétisés par épitaxie par jets moléculaires et nanostructures de nitrure de bore". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066549.
Texto completoThis work focuses on structural and optical properties of III-nitrides wide-band gap semiconductors (AlxGa1-xN and h-BN), emitting in the ultraviolet range (4-6 eV). Nano-objects properties being modified by dimensional reduction, this work was mostly focused on the study of nanostructures of these materials (AlN and AlxGa1-xN nanowires, BN nanotubes and nanosheets). Careful search for correlation between their structure and luminescence has also been carried out. Concerning AlxGa1-xN materials, nanowires have been grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The use of GaN nanowires bases has allowed us to promote the growth of non-coalesced 1D AlxGa1-xN nanostructures. We have shown that the incorporation of gallium is very temperature-dependent, giving rise to nanowires made of a highly inhomogeneous alloy at several scales (from nanometer to a hundred nanometers). These inhomogeneities strongly influence the optical properties, dominated by localized states. Altogether these results allow us to propose a growth mechanism of these nanowires. Concerning BN materials, comparison of the properties of nanostructures with those of the bulk material (hexagonal BN) has been carried out. After that h-BN bulk has been further investigated, we have revealed that nanosheets with more than 6 monolayers present a luminescence similar to h-BN. This indicates a low influence of dimensional reduction in h-BN, contrary to the case of nanowires made of other nitrides. Finally we have shown that the main nanotubes investigated in this work, which are multiwall, have a complex structure that is micro-faceted, and that the defects are likely responsible of the observed luminescence
Silva, Fabio Wellington Orlando da. "Croissance de GaSb et de ses alliages par épitaxie par jets moléculaires et étude des propriétés physiques des surfaces, interfaces et structures élaborées avec ces matériaux". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20193.
Texto completoHoang, Thi Khuyen. "Molécules, matériaux, et nano-objets à propriétés optiques nonlinéaires quadratiques : commutation optique ou électrique des hyperpolarisabilités, exaltation des nonlinéarités moléculaires par des nanoparticules d'or". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DENS0036.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the study of molecules, materials, and nano objects for quadratic nonlinear optics (NLO). First, we have investigated a new electro optic polymer made of a polymethyl methacrylate matrix functionalized with a new NLO dye. The NLO susceptibility of this polymer is 43 pm/V, inferred from second harmonic generation at 1. 91 gin. This value has been compared to the calculated one, on the basis of the Langevin model for dipolar molecules poled by a DC electric field. Second, we have investigated metal and organometallic complexes by exploring the possibility of optically (photochromes) or electrically induced (redox reactions) switching of molecular hyperpolarizability values, by changing the conjugation length of a ligand, or the oxidation state of a donor or acceptor group, respectively. Finally, we have studied chromophores derived from 4 dimethylamino N methyl 4 stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) and the exaltation of their NLO properties by gold nanoparticles. A clear increase in the hyperpolarisabilities in a nonresonant configuration (by a factor of 2) of DAST derivatives has been evidenced in the presence of Gold nanoparticules, being either attached to this molecule or simply mixed with in a common solvent
Para, Franck. "Nanostructures organiques en régimes supra-moléculaire et covalent sur substrats diélectriques : propriétés structurales et optiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0289.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the study of the influence of the structure of matter at the atomic scale on its macroscopic properties. Thereto, the IM2NP Nanostructuration team masters the synthesis and characterization of functionalized organic nanostructureson solid surfaces. Specifically, this work focuses on the study of the structural and optical properties of organic nanostructures grown on dielectric single-crystalline alkaly halides substrates under ultra-high vacuum and ambient temperature. Experiments are carried out by non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy (structural properties) and by Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy (optical properties of UV-visible absorption). Two distinct growth regimes have been investigated, with different molecules each. The first system involves supramolecular nanostructures of bis-pyrenes molecules grown on KCl(001) and NaCl(001). The combined study of their structural and optical properties, from the sub-monolayer to the multilayer regime, allows us to quantitatively extract the dielectric function of the layers at the different stages of their growth. The second system deals with a more recent topic in the surface science community, namely on-surface synthesis. In this case, upon adsorption, the molecules bind together covalently, which results in nanostructures that are more cohesive than in the supramolecular regime. We have evidenced the formation of covalent structures by free-radical polymers of dimaleimide on KCl(001) under UV illumination
Chia, Gomez Laura Piedad. "Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux fonctionnels pour la stereolithographie biphotonique". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MULH9153.
Texto completoThe two-photon stereolithography (TPS) technique is a micro-nanofabrication method based on photopolymerization by two-photon absorption that allows in a single manufacturing step to obtain complex 3D structures with high-resolution details (sub-100nm). Due to the specific conditions of TPS process (intense photon flux, spatial confinement of the photoreaction…) one of the main concerns today is the development of functional materials compatible with the TPS. According to the aforementioned, the general objective of this thesis was to develop new functional materials based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) to elaborate chemical microsensors. In the first step of this work, different methods were implemented to characterize the geometrical, chemical and mechanical properties of the materials synthesized by TPS. For example, laser-Doppler vibrometry was used for first time to evaluate the mechanical properties of microstructures fabricated by TPS in a non-invasive way. In the second step, the characterization methodology was used to study the impact of the manufacturing process (i.e. photonic conditions) and the physicochemical parameters that affect the photoreaction (i.e. oxygen inhibition and the nature of the monomer) and the final properties of the materials. Finally, the obtained results enabled the prototyping of chemical microsensors based on MIP. Their molecular recognition properties and their selectivity were demonstrated for the molecule (D-L-Phe) by an optical and a mechanical sensing method
Pillet, Sébastien. "Chemins d'intéraction dans les composés magnétiques moléculaires à partir d'études de diffraction X haute résolution". Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10020.
Texto completoHigh resolution X-ray diffraction was used to model the electron density distribution in different molecular magnetic compounds, in which the interaction mechanisms are due to charge transfer, direct or indirect orbital overlaps, hydrogen bonds, electronic polarization or delocalisation. We have correlated the atomic electronic structure of these systems to their magnetic behavior and determined the exchange pathways from the topological analysis of the electron density. We have confirmed the implication of a charge transfer from the SOMO orbital to the LUMO orbital, according to the McConnell I mechanism, by intramolecular delocalisation and intermolecular hydrogen bonding in Nit(SMe)Ph. Three bond critical point in the three intermolecular hydrogen bonds, show the localization of the exchange pathways between radicals, responsible of the cooperativity of the system. 2D interactions by superexchange were characterized in CU2(OH)3N03, by the absence of bond critical , point between copper atoms. Interactions by high and low orbital overlap result from the participation of two hydroxo ions and one hydroxo and one nitrate ion to the exchange pathway respectively. Three hydrogen bonds, characterized by topological analysis, give rise to inter-plane couplings. An electronic delocalization was pointed out from the two metallic centers on the oxamato bridge in the ID ferrirnagrietic system MnCu(pba). The Cu-N and Cu-O bonds, involving higher orbital overlap than Mn-O, enable more efficient delocalization and polarization of the oxamato bridge. The topological analysis showed the implication of four hydrogen bonds in the inter-chairs couplings, explaining the deviation to a pure ID behavior at low temperature
Saadaoui, Asma. "Développement de nouveaux monomères biosourcés à base d’Isosorbide et applications à la synthèse de matériaux à applications spécifiques". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1036.
Texto completoThe isosorbide and its derivatives are chiral diols obtained from cornstarch. The use of the latter as a monomer for the development of polymers has proved to be effective. The diols match the properties of conventional polymers. As part of this thesis, the diols are used to synthesize new platforms of bio based AA and AB from the 1,4: 3,6 - dianhydrohexitols monomers. The synthesis of intermediaries based on dinitriles or mononitrilies and their derivaties starting from the three isomers as well as the test results from one of these promising monomers polymerization which have been described. The resulting polymer revealed semi-cristallin through stereoregulier AB monomers layout. This work is also the first to describe the use of the reticulants chiral at base of 1.4: 3, 6-dianhydrohexitols participating in the formation of three-dimensional network for the development of polymers to footprints (MIP) Excelsior for detection of Methyltestosterone (MT). The polymers synthesized by polymerization have been characterized by precipitation. The properties of retention were evaluated in batch mode by HPLC-MS/MS. These MIPs present good properties of adsorption towards the MT with factors of footprint greater than 1 showing the effectiveness of printing. These materials have a good ability of adsorption compared to literature. Unprinted polymers (PIN) have shown even greater adsorption capacity than the conventional MIP. The high adsorption capacity was observed in cMIP-Is based on isosorbide for the concentrations (500 mg L-1). The experimental data have been studied according to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models to interpret the phenomena of adsorption these developed cMIP have been adapted for the methyltestoterone on the phase of extraction (SPE) solid. An extraction procedure has been developed leading through a full optimization finalized by an application in wastewater
Vallance, Jessica. "Lutte biologique par utilisation de l’oomycète Pythium oligandrum : colonisation de la rhizosphère et influence sur la dynamique des populations microbiennes". Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2030.
Texto completoBiocontrol efficacy is mainly limited by the variability of the rhizosphere competence of the inoculated microorganisms. This doctoral thesis focused on Pythium oligandrum, an oomycete acknowledged as an antagonistic organism able to protect plants from pathogenic attacks. The aim of this work was to study the colonisation and the persistence of P. Oligandrum after its introduction in the root system of tomato plants grown in soilless culture; and to assess its impact on microbial communities colonizing the rhizosphere and the greenhouse effluents. Three strains of P. Oligandrum were selected on the basis of their ability to produce oospores (resting structures) and production of tryptamine (an auxin like compound) and of oligandrin (a glycoprotein elicitor). Real-time PCR and plate counting demonstrated the persistence of large amounts of the antagonistic oomycete in the rhizosphere throughout the cropping season (April to September). Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) analysis showed that, among the three strains inoculated, the one producing the lowest amount of oospores was detected at 90%. Despite its abundance on roots, no traces of P. Oligandrum were detected in the different effluents of the soilless greenhouse. P. Clissotocum (ubiquitous tomato root minor pathogen) colonized the rhizosphere and the effluents only in summer. There was a reduction of P. Dissotocum populations in inoculated root systems. Single-Strand Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis revealed that the genetic structure of microbial communities (fungi and bacteria) colonizing the rhizosphere and the effluents, evolved throughout the cropping season. This temporal evolution was independent from the inoculation and the persistence of the antagonist P. Oligandrum. Effluents were also colonized by Archaeabacteria but roots, only during the last two months of culture. These populations grew independently from P. Oligandrum. Results previously described, rely on DNA extraction and amplification. This strategy suffers from the inability to investigate active microbial communities. DNA and RNA data obtained by SSCP analysis of three different genetic regions (ITS1, rRNA 28S, mitochondrial RNA large subunit) highlighted the interest of using different primers for having an exhaustive view of the fungal microflora
El, Alami el Hassani Nadia. "Conception et Réalisation de Capteurs et de Biocapteurs Électrochimiques à Base de Nanomatériaux pour le Contrôle de la Qualité en Agroalimentaire et pour l'Analyse Biomédicale". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1311/document.
Texto completoIn recent decades, the use of electrochemical sensors and biosensors have grown considerably due to their simplicity, reliability, rapidity, and selectivity. They were the most attractive alternative tools for conventional analytical methods in various fields such as food control, medicine, and clinical biology or environmental control. In this research works, we focused, in the first part, on the development of immunosensors and electrochemical sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the quality control of honey. In the second part, we managed to apply a voltammetric electronic tongue (VE-tongue) for food monitoring and biomedical analyzes. The first part of our research work concerns the development of immunosensors based on gold microelectrodes of the Bio-MEMS devices. The development of these immunosensors was dedicated to the detection of antibiotic residues namely sulfapyridine (SPy) and tetracycline (TC). A new structure of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with the poly (pyrrole-co-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) copolymer has been exploited in this work for their three-dimensional immobilization network as well as for their stability for long periods. The detection of SPy and TC was performed by different competitive approaches using polyclonal antibodies. In this part, we have also synthesized the MIP sensors dedicated to the detection of sulfaguanidine, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol in honey. These devices have been developed on the surface of the screen-printed gold electrodes by employing a polyacrylamide matrix in the presence of the target molecules. The performances of these sensors and biosensors (limit of detection, selectivity, reproducibility, applications in real samples) were then evaluated. Regarding the second part of our research works, it involved the discrimination between honeys from fourteen regions from France and Morocco. We have succeeded in demonstrating the reliability of this device in predicting the results of the different physico-chemical parameters of honey samples according to the responses of the used analytical methods. In other steps, we proceeded to the application of the VE-tongue in biomedical analyzes to discriminate urine specimens of patients suffering from urinary tract infections and those of healthy subjects