Tesis: "Empowerment of women"

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Leeson, Kate. "Women, development and empowerment /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arl4868.pdf.

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Shearer, Nelma Beth Crawford. "Facilitators of health empowerment in women". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289115.

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The purpose of this study was to test a theoretical model of the process of health empowerment in women. The proposed model examined empowerment from a theoretical perspective based upon a Rogerian framework and Parse's simultaneity paradigm. The model examined interpersonal factors (social support and professional support) and contextual factors (age, income, years of education, number of children, and number of years currently married). Women's health empowerment was indexed using Power as Knowing Participation in Change Tool and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile Instrument. A convenience sample of 133 women between the ages of 21 and 45 years with children were obtained from the Arizona State University College of Nursing sponsored Community Health Services Clinic to test the theory. Hierarchical multiple regression technique was used to explain women's health empowerment. Results indicated a 38% of the variance in health empowerment measured as knowing participation in change was explained by a significant beta weight for social support. In addition, a significant 43% of the variance in health empowerment, measured as lifestyle behaviors, was explained by significant beta weights for education and social support.

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3

Rishi, Pooja. "Teaching women empowerment governmentality in postcolonial India /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 333 p, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1993336281&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2009.
Principal faculty advisors: Daniel M. Green and Claire Rasmussen, Dept. of Political Science and International Relations. Includes bibliographical references.

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4

Singh, Swati. "Microcredit, Women, and Empowerment: Evidence From India". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699847/.

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Microfinance programs, by providing financial services to economically disadvantaged individuals, generally women, are intended to help poor self-employ and become financially independent. Earlier research in India has documented both positive and negative consequences of microfinance programs on women, from financial independence to domestic abuse. However, most of the research has been geographically limited to the southern states of the country, with a matured microfinance industry, and has given little attention to how variations in cultural practices across different regions of the country may influence the impact of microfinance programs on its members. To fill the gap in the existing literature, three related studies of Indian women were conducted. The first study was a qualitative study of 35 women engaged in microfinance programs in the northern region of India. The study found that women engaged in microfinance programs reported having increased social networks, higher confidence and increased social awareness. The second and third studies used nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) 2005-2006. Controlling for a variety of other individual-level and community-level characteristics, the second study examined if getting a microloan affected women’s access to public spaces, and the third examined if getting such a loan influenced married women’s participation in household decision-making. Both studies further investigated if the microloan effect on these dimensions of women’s empowerment varied by the normative context of woman’s respective communities. The results indicated that, all else equal, women who had ever taken a microloan were more likely to go alone to places outside their home such as market, health clinics and places outside the community compared to women who had never taken such a loan. Getting a microloan also had a positive effect on women’s participation in decisions about large household purchases and husband’s earnings. The hypothesized moderating effect of the normative context of women’s respective communities was found only for women’s participation in decisions about large household purchases. Getting a microloan had a stronger positive effect on women’s participation in these decisions if they lived in communities with restrictive gender norms.

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Adubra, Ayélé Léa. "Non-traditional occupations, empowerment and women : a case of Togolese women /". New York : Routledge, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413337023.

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Basdereff, Donatella Françoise Nathalie. "Social cause marketing & women empowerment: explanatory case study of a women empowerment cause-related marketing initiative in Brazil". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17758.

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Cause-related marketing may offer opportunities that can contribute to women’s empowerment while having a positive impact on companies leading such programs. This paper seeks to broaden the existing understanding of women empowerment and entrepreneurship by focusing on the less-studied contemporary phenomenon of women empowerment cause-related marketing. A case study analysis was used to assess two main areas of interest: (1) elements of empowerment social-cause marketing embedded in the program, and (2) individual perceptions of empowerment by participants. The paper revealed that in the case studied (1) this recent corporate practice is a win-win situation using traditional elements of both women empowerment and cause-related marketing practices and, (2) empowers participants mainly in psychological, economic, sociocultural and familial and interpersonal dimensions of their lives.
Marketing para causas sociais pode oferecer oportunidades de contribuir ao empoderamento das mulheres ao mesmo tempo que tem um impacto positivo para empresas liderando aqueles programas. Este trabalho procura ampliar o conhecimento atual sobre o empoderamento e empreendedorismo feminino apoiando-se no recém fenômeno menos estudado de marketing para causas sociais de empoderamento feminino. Uma analise de estudo de caso procurou determinar duas áreas de interesse: (1) elementos de empoderamento e marketing para causas sociais incorporados ao programa, e (2) percepções individuais de empoderamento pelas próprias participantes. O estudou demostrou que no caso estudado (1) essa recém tendência corporativa é uma estratégia 'win-win' que usa elementos tradicionais de ambos empoderamento feminino e marketing para causas sociais; (2) empodera as participantes nas áreas psicológica, econômica, sociocultural e familiar e interpessoal das suas vidas.

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Christianson, Stace Hucks. "Mormon Women's Sense of Empowerment". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1997. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTAF,24557.

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Darnell, Melissa Liberty. "Rethinking empowerment: Collective action as intervention with women". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3401.

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This study explores women's feelings of empowerment that result from participating in collective action events. The study contributes to the growing body of social work scholarship on empowerment practice by identifying and describing the specific variables that may contribute to or enhance empowerment feelings in women as a result of collective action participation.

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Wheatley, Samantha Sujin. "The Climb to Empowerment: Microcredit's Effect on Women". Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1963.

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Thesis advisor: Hiroshi Nakazato
Microcredit has been praised and criticized for its reputation as the solution to global poverty—helping the poor help themselves. The economists have focused on the impossibility of a sustainable microfinance system, whereas other scholars have commended the social advancements that MFIs have supported, especially in relation to gender inequality. This conceptual thesis specifically studies the effects of microfinance institutions on women’s empowerment—first defining ‘empowerment’ and then observing it in various case studies. My research supports the conclusion that microfinance is a useful economic aid and more importantly it spearheads the fight for women’s rights
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: International Studies Honors Program
Discipline: International Studies

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Petrakis, Lauren M. "Breaking Boundaries: The Empowerment of Women Through Architecture". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1427898873.

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Wong, Chau Ying. "Participation and empowerment : an ethnography of Miao women in rural China /". View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202003%20WONG.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-134). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Dunn, Susan F. "Toward Empowerment: Women and Community-Based Tourism in Thailand". Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6122.

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Hill, Donna Michele. "Aboriginal women living with HIV/AIDS : an empowerment perspective". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2786.

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This qualitative research study focuses explicitly on understanding the experiences and perceptions of urban Aboriginal women living with HIV/AIDS. Stigmatizing attitudes and language have serious impacts upon the lives of HIV-positive Aboriginal women. The ways our society presently addresses the women needs to change. With the insights and assistance of four Aboriginal women living with HIV, this project adds to the presently sparse qualitative literature in this research area. Current research indicates that there are many factors associated with urban Aboriginal women being at higher risk for infection and lower physical and mental health, such as race, socio-economic conditions, isolation, oppression and violence, family history, substance abuse, discrimination, and often the responsibilities of childrearing. However, current research analysis and presentation is insufficient, and more in-depth questions arise. Material was collected using semi-structured, open-ended questioning conversations with the participants. Two guiding research questions were asked: 1) What is it like for you, living with HIV right now? and 2) What would you want other people to learn from your experiences? The women’s stories provide an avenue for participants to voice some of their triumphs and challenges about being an Aboriginal woman living with HIV/AIDS. For the community at large, this is also an opportunity to hear first hand, important information such as this. In this work, I have tried to adhere to the tenets of Indigenous methodologies by allowing the life-stories to resonate as holistic representations. Rather than deconstructing the women’s stories through naturalistic analysis (which continues to categorize and to objectify participants), the stories are viewed through a Health Narrative Topography whereby thematic genres such as Restitution, Chaos, and Quest are illuminated, while also being critically aware of some of the limitations to this framework. Three overarching themes are revealed through the women’s stories: 1) the empowerment and resiliency demonstrated by the participants; 2) the need for cultural competency in a society that continues to stigmatize Aboriginal and HIV-positive women; and, 3) the need for a more holistic approach within society when it comes to education, learning, and healing.

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Biswas, Supriya. "Investigating gender equality and women empowerment : a study on the women associations of colonial Bengal (1865-1943)". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2581.

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Podges, Joan Winnifred. "The current state of Black female empowerment in the construction industry measured against broad-based Black economic empowerment scorecard". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1161.

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The Government of South Africa has placed a lot of emphasis on economic growth and the involvement of Black people in the mainstream of the economy. The implementation of Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) created opportunities for direct empowerment of Black females in ownership and management. The Construction Industry is being challenged to increase the number of Black females in management and ownership levels. Due to the nature of the Industry, only a small population of females considers Construction as a career option. The Industry has also lost a significant number of skilled Engineers and is experiencing a shortage of skilled managers in Middle and Senior Management Levels. The research problem questioned the current state of empowerment for Black women in the Construction Industry as measured against the B-BBEE Scorecard. The literature review focused on the requirements of the B-BBEE scorecard and Construction Charter. The second phase focused on gender equality and the achievements of women in Construction. The research design was done by using questionnaires to the South African Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors (Safcec) members in the Eastern Cape. The research design and survey aimed to determine the status of empowerment in the Construction Industry. With reference to both the literature review and the empirical findings the state of female empowerment can be determined. Therefore iv recommendations and opportunities for further research in this regard can be identified.

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Grenley, Devin. "Women’s Empowerment Through The Erotic". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/292.

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First Semester: My thesis project is about showing women’s empowerment through their sexuality and comfort within their bodies own bodies. In our society women’s eroticism is seen as taboo and women are taught to turn away from the exploration of the erotic as a source of power within themselves. The erotic is often confused and misunderstood, it is an emotion and sense of empowerment that has been named by men and used against women. It’s now difficult to recognize that the erotic can even have a sense of empowerment for women, because strong women have been taught through our society to be viewed as dangerous. As Audre Lorde, a feminist writer states, “The erotic is a resource within each of us that lies in a deeply female and spiritual plane, firmly rooted in the power of our unexpressed or unrecognized feeling. In order to perpetuate itself, every oppression must corrupt or distort those various sources of power within the culture of the oppressed that can provide energy for change. For women, this has meant a suppression of the erotic as a considered source of power and information within our lives” (Lorde). A woman’s strength comes from her sexuality. Once women begin to believe in this concept, they will begin to require this deep powerful sensation from all aspects of their lives and will not settle for anything less. Women should embrace their sexuality and use it as a sense of strength, instead of falsely believing that they can only be strong by suppressing this eroticism. My project is based on a collaborative experience with the models about what their sexuality means to them, and how they can show this through a camera. These photographs are meant to be raw and real; they are representations of real women who have chosen to show the viewers their own sexuality in the way in which they see best fits their sexual personality and comfort with their own bodies. The writings from the models on the back of the photographs show their own struggles with their sexuality. It may make the viewers feel uncomfortable, but this is the point. We are working towards being able to live in a society where women can be sexual if they choose to be. This is still a working progress, and having to view photographs that make one uncomfortable, may be the first step in change. Second Semester: Visual Poetic Abstractions: A Close Photographic Rendering of The Female Body: My personal thesis project shifted after first semester ended. Second semester I decided to continue the question of the body, but step away from the cultural views and instead start to dissect the body in it’s natural form. The project is a close examination of the formalist aspects of the body, including a self-evaluation of what the body means to me. This project resulted in a series of close-up photographs that will help the viewer in seeing portions of the body in ways they have not before. Some photographs will even be unrecognizable as to what part of the body the photograph is representing. This is important because it leads the viewer to examine each photograph for what the beauty of the photo entails, and not for their previous cultural understandings of body parts prior to viewing. The idea behind the black and white photographs is so the viewer again dissects the photograph without the context of color – for example skin no longer can be recognized as skin when the color context is taken away from these photographs. Within this project, I have paid specific detail to the poetic formalist view of the body, dissecting different body parts to create awe and wonderment. The photographs are an anatomical view of the body in its most raw and poetic form.

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Muganda, Leocretia L. "The role of women in the Church of East Africa focus on women empowerment /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.

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Kasat, Pilar Amparo. "Singing the Women Back Up: Art for Social Change and the Empowerment of Women". Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82686.

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This thesis examines art for social change as a decolonising methodology. Four case studies set in colonial-settler societies discuss how women of colour and Indigenous women use art for social change not only to tell their own stories and reclaim their individual power but also to exert power in their collective fight for social justice. The thesis suggest that their creative practices are building a language of resistance that is resonating across the world.

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19

Sobur, Abdus. "Women's empowerment: study on Bongaigaon District: 2002-2012". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2843.

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Dawoud, Aliaa Abdel Aziz. "Utilizing mass media in the political empowerment of Egyptian women". Thesis, University of Westminster, 2010. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9056y/utilizing-mass-media-in-the-political-empowerment-of-egyptian-women.

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Egyptian women’s activists are widely regarded as pioneers in calling for women’s rights in the Arab world. However, the struggle for women’s rights in Egypt is a complex one that has led to many achievements, but has also involved numerous setbacks. The media has been central throughout this struggle and all of this has always taken place in a highly politicized environment, which involved changes in the state’s approach to women’s rights. Thus, this study investigates the interplay between women, media and politics in Egypt. It uses theories of authoritarianism that have been used to describe the nature of the incumbent Egyptian regime, as well as notions pertaining to the corporatist tactics it resorts to in order to analyze the manner in which the state deals with women’s activists and their access to the media. This involves a particular emphasis on the privately owned media which has flourished in Egypt in recent years. Also, because the Egyptian government is directly and actively involved in ‘women’s issues’, the study uses the notion of state feminism to analyze its efforts in this regard and how they relate to media treatment of women and their rights. In addition, the study draws on theories of post and neo colonialism to analyze how efforts in the area of women’s rights by both the government and activists relate to the international framework, which promotes a specific version of women’s rights. This is done by interviewing female members of political parties, NGOs and a governmental women’s organization, as well as using archival research to analyze the information available in the publications of these organizations. Other methods employed in this study are critical discourse analysis to analyze media treatment of women’s political empowerment, in addition to focus groups to investigate Egyptian female audiences’ reception of political drama. As a result, the study breaks new ground in theorizing the relationship between the state and women’s activists and thus explains the activists’ media access. It also develops the notion of state feminism and relates it to the media. Finally, the study reveals and theorizes how the privately owned media in Egypt is subtly controlled by the state.

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Hallal, Sara. "Women and traditional organizations : A study on traditionally organized women in Babati District". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2089.

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The purpose of the study is to examine women and men’s perspective on the informal and traditional way for women to organize themselves in relation to formalization. To meet the aims of the thesis qualitative studies through interviews concerning a protest march that took place in 2003 Dareda village were performed, and a literature study to supplement the empirical data. Thereafter the purpose was analyzed through both feminist theory and empowerment theory. A majority of both the men and the women were positive opinions towards the traditional way for women to be organized. This might go against the feminist theory and verify that only negative statements are brought up within the feminist discourse. Through this tradition women collectively claim specific rights, because they are more powerful together then individually, but also under the banner of motherhood or as women. In relation to the process of development the women are being hindered from protesting more frequently and urged to act within the formal framework. Their major obstacles with the formalization concerns to the judicial system and some of them claim that corruption will prevent justice for them as women.

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Medina, T. Audrey. "WILD Empowerment: Intersectional Experiences of Identity and Empowerment in Women Activists with Disabilities from Across the World". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24541.

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Various policies and programs across the world, such as the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, have identified the goal of advancing the empowerment of women and girls with disabilities—a very diverse population. Thus the purposes of this study were to explore the empowerment experiences and salient identities of women activists with disabilities in relation to their environmental contexts. The ecological model of human development, intersectionality theory, and a disability theory of complex embodiment served as conceptual frameworks for this exploration. Participant recruitment took place during the 2013 Women’s Institute on Leadership and Disability (WILD), a program organized by Mobility International USA and sponsored by the United States Agency of International Development. Twenty one participants, who held some form of Deaf/disability, woman, and activist identities, agreed to share their identity and empowerment stories in initial and follow-up interviews. Constructivist grounded theory methods guided a qualitative analysis of the interview transcripts. Results included (a) participants’ individual stories with attention to their intersecting, salient identities, (b) an overview of the empowerment journey, which included participants’ focuses on awareness, barriers, and supports, c) participants’ core values and strategies for approaching empowerment, and (d) their experiences of empowerment on internal, relational, behavioral, and environmental levels. The discussion includes reflections on the themes of awareness, values, spirituality, and effort, as well as on the choices that participants made about how to present their disability identities and about when to practice adaptability, advocacy, resistance, and acceptance. Most prominently, results suggested that empowerment requires supportive contexts, the removal of barriers, and the restructuring of oppressive systems. Recommendations for future research and activism include (a) involving more women with disabilities from the Global South in all stages of research and activism; (b) studying the organizational empowerment of Deaf and disability activist organizations; (c) better incorporating indigenous, spiritual, and other knowledge traditions relevant to specific communities; (d) raising awareness and changing attitudes about disability; (e) focusing on barrier removal; (f) attuning to culture in program design and delivery; and (g) promoting distributive justice and power sharing with vulnerable populations.

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Wakoko, Florence. "Microfinance and women's empowerment in Uganda a socioeconomic approach /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1064325172.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 196 p.; also contains graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Linda M. Labao, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-196).

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Cook, Taylor Michelle. "UNTAPPED RESOURCES HOW UNDERDEVELOPED GENDER EMPOWERMENT CONSTRAINS THE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL IN BANGLADESH". The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09042008-185041/.

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Gender empowerment is an oft-cited result of microfinance participation. However, research to verify this outcome continues to produce ambivalent results implying that microfinance programs are not maximizing their potential impact. While gender empowerment may be a desirable end to development, it is less often used as a means to achieve development goals. This paper tests the hypothesis that gender empowerment improves microfinance program performance using data from the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) and a theoretical framework based on prevalent institutional ideologies. The results show that empowered clients have a higher likelihood of attaining desirable program outcomes. These results can be taken as evidence that microfinance organizations should consider investments in support programs to directly address social impediments to gender empowerment as a way to increase their overall effectiveness.

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Parveen, Shahnaj. "Empowerment of rural women in Bangladesh a household level analysis". Weikersheim Margraf, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2681912&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Jacob, Mary Kathleen. "An exploration of the routes to empowerment for older women?" Thesis, University of Brighton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247832.

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Older women have been perceived as among the least powerful groups m society expenencmg poverty both as older people and as women. Contemporary challenges to oppression and discrimination, associated with age and gender, together with the social policy focus on combating social exclusion, raise important questions about i) the meanings of social inclusion and exclusion to older women, and ii) the ways in which older women act to achieve a sense of social inclusion. The notions of social inclusion and exclusion are closely linked with the concept of power, and the associated processes of empowerment and disempowerment. Within a theoretical framework based on developing conceptions of power, this thesis examines the role of collective action in achieving a sense of inclusion and empowerment. In-depth interviews were carried out with thirty-seven older women selected to reflect their involvement in four contrasting types of collective action: • political action groups emphasising consciousness raising and change; • organisations emphasising social/leisure activities; • group activity based around learning/education; • voluntary activity as well as a group of women who, through choice or circumstances, were not involved in collective action. Emerging themes were shared/reviewed/refined with five small groups made up of original participants in order to achieve a participatory and iterative process of interpretation, maximising the validity and utility of the findings. The study extends knowledge and understanding of the processes and dynamics of empowering change in the lives of older women, and in particular the potential of different forms of collective action for older women to support processes of empowerment and achieve a sense of social inclusion. It suggests that older women do not simply succumb to their circumstances, they can and do take action. However, it is important to appreciate that these actions are not always viewed as political or as resistance.

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Benedek, Haya. "Moving the stone ... : Israeli women telling their learning empowerment stories". Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436068.

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Arora, Rashmi. "Finance and women empowerment in India: Can financial literacy help?" Springer Nature, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18165.

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Yes
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) place considerable focus on women empowerment and access to finance as well. While goal 5 of SDGs targets gender equality and women empowerment, access to finance appears as an enabler of at least eight goals among seventeen SDG goals. Considering significant emphasis both on women empowerment and financial access by the policymakers and multilateral organisations, in this study using India as our country of interest, we examine the relationship between access to finance to women and women empowerment. In this context we also examine whether financial literacy can assist in improving women empowerment and their access to finance.
The full-text of this book chapter will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo, 24 months after publication.

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29

Akerstedt, Ida. "Women of Hangberg: An Explorative Study of Empowerment and Agency". Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32438.

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Women's empowerment is considered a key driver for social change and an important development objective. Empowerment describes as a process in which women gain the ability to redefine gender roles and the ability to extend possibilities for being and doing. This includes resources and active agency. Despite this, research is limited in scope and geography. Measures to assess empowerment in the development sector often focus on evident forms of agency that do not reflect local meanings of the concept. In South Africa, studies of empowerment are primarily limited to women's decision-making within the household or in their reproductive roles. While many scholarly texts showcase the importance of women practicing their agency for the survival of their households and local communities, few investigate women's own experiences. As such, this thesis aims to raise the importance of women's empowerment in the field of development and to add to understanding of gender in South Africa through ethnographic research methods. Ethnographic research focus on describing and understanding, rather than explaining phenomena. Through semi-structured interviews and participant observations, I explore the ways in which seven women in their local community of Hangberg exercise their agency to develop the community, and the empowerment outcomes of such work. I find that engaging in development activities has realised a proliferation of outcomes relevant to empowerment among the women participants. This includes better intra-household relations, cooperation, wellbeing, and sense of purpose. The women participants see themselves as empowered women who attribute their own personal growth to participating in the development of their community. Furthermore, I find that women actively exercise their agency in response to social, economic and political change. In this, the women participants are exemplars of an alternative ‘solution' to overcoming social and economic despair in their community. At the same time, their empowerment and agency remain limited in terms of levels and reach. The women participants are not able to overcome the broader economic, social and political structures that shape their lives. They remain poised precariously between economic uncertainty and responsibilities of care.

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Jitu, Jasika Alam. "Women Economic Empowerment and SMEs : A Case Study on Bangladesh". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-82471.

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Low income countries such as Bangladesh are among many of the developing countries in the world where people suffer from poverty which affect their living conditions, especially the empowerment, more specifically economic empowerment of rural and/or indigent women. Many actors such as non-government organizations (NGOs) aspire towards working on means which will improve the empowerment status of rural women in the economy of Bangladesh. It is hoped to thereby reduce poverty levels which in turn they hope will impact the society and its economy positively. One of the methods which many developing countries have chosen in order to increase economic empowerment of rural women is through encouraging their participation in the operation of small scale and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Bangladesh is thus trying to increase the power and control women have at different levels of society by exerting a significant role on the use of SMEs to generate empowerment among rural women and to transform the economic condition of these impoverished women and their families by providing them means of earning income and hence making them economically more stable. However, there are still many impediments which hinder the success of SMEs in empowering women in Bangladesh; such as entrenched gender inequalities, lack of knowledge and access to livelihood resources, unbalanced power structures, etc.. These impediments are even more prevalent among rural women and affect the impact that SMEs have on the lives of rural Bangladeshi women. If these issues can be resolved rural/indigent women of Bangladesh can be better empowered through the activities of women-owned enterprises to offer better standards of living for rural women. This study identified various ways that SMEs positively impact the lives of indigent women in Bangladesh and change their social and economic conditions, drawing on theories and concepts of empowerment, power, and alternative development. The connection between empowerment and livelihood resources have important implications for women economic empowerment. This connection was in turn used to discover the reasons behind why so many rural women suffer from lack of empowerment, power and social and political invisibility despite the push by NGOs and the government to make women a part of the paid workforce through women empowerment initiatives.

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Bhutia, Yang lhamu. "Women Empowerment A study of position & participation of women in politics in the hill areas of Darjeeling District". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/175.

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Lawson, Aleta Mae. "Freedom to Be One's Self: Appalachian Women's Perspectives on Empowerment". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33214.

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This study explores what constitutes empowerment among a small group of Appalachian women and the developmental and cultural factors that they believe contribute to such empowerment. Twelve women completed in-depth interviews and questionnaires about their lifespan development with regard to cultural context and progression through Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development. The purpose of the study was to explore women's perceptions of what empowerment is for them and how this is influenced by their developmental histories. This study is a unique contribution to the literature in that it focuses on empowerment from a developmental perspective and seeks to identify factors in lifespan development and cultural context that affect empowerment, focusing on a frequently marginalized population, Appalachian women. The data were examined within an Eriksonian framework in relationship to how successful development through Erikson's psychosocial stages affects empowerment.Qualitative analysis of the results indicated that the participants felt that developmental and cultural factors did contribute to the degree of empowerment women experience as adults. The results also indicated that the Appalachian environment and culture supported their empowerment. The findings also reveal a positive relationship between the degree of empowerment experienced by the women and their successful resolution through the eight psychosocial stages of development. The findings further indicate that the experience and definition of empowerment may be as diverse as women themselves. However, the consistent theme found for all of the women in this study was that the essence of empowerment is experienced as a form of inner strength. The conclusion of this study is that, whether one perceives empowerment to come from internal or external factors, from one's upbringing, one's culture, one's God, or one's spirit, the essence of empowerment is experienced as the freedom to be one's self, in all one's glory.
Master of Science

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33

Parry, Karen Deborah. "Tales of being and knowing : women's stories of identity, subjectivity and research". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391088.

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Razzaque, Md Abdur. "Decentralized governance and empowerment : a study of the participation, role and empowerment of women of the weaker sections and the muslims in two selected blocks of Cooch Behar district (1978-1998)". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/150.

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Hategekimana, Celestin. "Women's empowerment in the post-1994 Rwanda: the case study of Mayaga Region". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1314.

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This research looks at the process of women’s empowerment in post- 1994 Rwanda, with special focus on twelve cooperatives working in Mayaga region and the way these cooperatives empower women, their households and the community at large. Traditional Rwandan society has been always bound by patriarchy which has not valued the reproductive roles of women as economically productive in their households and the society as a whole. On the one hand, this understanding was reversed in the post-1994 Rwanda by the commitment of the government to gender equality at the highest level of political leadership through progressive policies and legislation. On the other hand, in Mayaga region, cooperatives brought about socio-economic development and changed relationships of gender and power in a patriarchal post-conflict society. The findings from cooperatives in Mayaga region show that to prevent women from reaching their full potential is economic folly. If women are empowered, they can generate important development outcomes such as improved health, education, income levels and conflict resolution. The findings further indicate how women’s empowerment is determined by the livelihood strategies women adopt themselves to respond to their vulnerability, and by the ways in which they express their agency in making a living in a sustainable way, with the available community assets that they have access to (financial, social, human, natural and physical). This research highlights that the accessibility of the community assets used by women in Mayaga region and in Rwanda as a whole is also determined by policies, institutions and processes that are able to influence their livelihoods positively.

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Caffrey, Mollie. "Jane Austen's women seeking equity through relationships and gaining individual and social empowerment /". Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1997. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1997.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2842. Typescript. Abstract appears at end of volume. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-128).

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Kuloglu, Karsli Ceyda. "Marginalized Or Empowered? Conflict-induced Internally Displaced Kurdish Women&#039". Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614493/index.pdf.

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This study is focusing on the conflict-induced internally displaced Kurdish women&rsquo
s experiences. There has been an ongoing internal armed conflict in Turkey since 1984 and one of the consequences of this conflict is the internal displacement that occured in 1990s. In the displacement process, women and other family members were victimized. They did not only loose their homelands, but they also had to struggle in the city centers with poverty and discrimination. After they started to live in the city centers, women may become both marginalized and empowered. The aim of the study is to understand the situations that lead Kurdish women to be marginalized and/or empowered in the cities to which they have been forced to migrate. After the displacement process, which is one of the major victimization processes for these women, some of them may be trapped in ethnic and gender-based discrimination and may become more marginalized in the city centers. But marginalization and empowerment are not fixed categories and there is always a possibility for these women to transform their marginalized position into empowerment. By political engagement, working outside house and/or being head of the househod these women may break the cycle of their marginalization and becomes empowered in the city centers.

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Marentes, Cynthia P. "Campesina cuentos a rhetorical analysis of female farmworkers' narratives of marginalization, resistance, and empowerment /". To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Bae, Geum-Joo. "Reviewing United Nations world conferences on women for Korean women's empowerment". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1541.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Women's Studies. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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40

Haq, Muhammad Zia Ul y Muhammad Kamran. "Role of Microcredit in Women Empowerment : An empirical study in Pakistan". Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9322.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the role of micro-credit in women empowerment. Microcredit is a small-scale credit which becomes effectual for the growth of micro enterprises and thus works in poverty alleviation in Pakistan. The major part of this research is to examine the impact of Khushhali Bank Limited (KBL), the largest microfinance bank with a huge network of branches all across the country, on the socio-economic characteristics of beneficiary women and to study the improvement in their economy and social status. The type of economic activities women have started and extent of poverty alleviation have also been studied. The empirical study is conducted in Pakistan. Based on qualitative research, the data is collected through in-depth interviews from borrowers and National Distribution Manager of Khushhali Bank Limited. The findings suggest that micro-credit has positive impact on women socio-economic status and empowerment. It increases to some extent self-confidence and feelings of identity for women in the society. Through interviews we came to know that microcredit has dual effect on the lives of borrowers. It not only helped women to increase their businesses, but also helped them to provide better education to their children. They feel much independence and decision making power in routine life. It has also increased their prestige and status in their family and society. Micro-credit is much helpful for the women who have their own businesses or have some ideas and expertise about the business before getting credit. The women who don’t have pre-requisite knowledge or expertise of business, they could not make any positive change in their status. Microcredit rather put an extra burden of repayment with an extensive amount of interest. They used the loan amount on personal expenses and it made difficult for them to return the loan amount. The study also entailed lack of centralized system between the microfinance institutions that increased the risk of dual loaning. This trend adversely affects the repayment capacity of borrowers and limits the positive impact of micro-credit.

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41

Dhillon, Jasmeet. "Empowerment of Indo-Candian women through prenatal education, a case study". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57431.pdf.

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42

Azoulay, Liat. "The body as a vehicle for empowerment : women and martial arts". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99161.

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Problem. Oppressive cultural and social representations are inscribed on the body and intersect with women's subjective identity.
Objective. The present study explores the use of the body as a vehicle for resistance against such inscriptions.
Method. The practice of martial arts is investigated as one of the means of empowerment for women. Quantitative methods were used to compare the levels of empowerment in a group of women who practice martial arts versus a comparison group of women who do not practice martial arts.
Results. Quantitative analysis revealed that while no differences were found in overall empowerment scores between the two groups, differences were found on the subscales of empowerment. Women who practice martial arts demonstrated lower levels of Righteous Anger on the empowerment scale than women who do not practice martial arts. Closely reaching statistical significance, women who practice martial arts demonstrated higher levels of Control on the empowerment scale.

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43

Jo, Im. "The empowerment of the women in the Kanagawa Seikatsu Club Movement". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/fed1e6d9-17b6-90cf-91b5-669078f0979e/10/.

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This thesis explores the empowerment of women in a social movement, the Kanagawa Seikatsu Club Movement, in Japan. The discourse on women's empowerment has tended to concentrate on projects in the development context and has usually focused on personal empowerment, even when collective empowerment is taken into account (Rowlands, 1997). However, this research shows that women's involvement in a social movement can be a powerful mechanism for their empowerment because of the generation of collective empowerment, even though this is not the purpose of the movement. It also highlights the fact that not only are there positive interactions between the different dimensions of empowerment, personal, relational and collective, but there are also conflicts between them. Interpretations of women's movements based on their traditional roles and identities as wives and mothers are divided as to whether they reinforce or challenge the position of women. The Kanagawa Seikatsu Club Movement is almost forty years old and most of its members are full-time housewives. It provides an excellent opportunity to show how activism based on their traditional gender roles and identities can empower women over time. This thesis develops an analytical explanation, based on a discussion of the public/private dichotomy, to show how the contradictions inherent in this activism can push the women beyond or pull them back to their existing gender roles and consciousness. In this context, the internal dynamics of a movement, which depend on its power politics, can determine which direction the women will take and have an impact on their empowerment. Women are not a homogeneous group and a dominant group, from a specific class or who have a particular ideology, can come to determine the movement's policies. A further point of interest is that the Kanagawa Seikastu Club Movement was created by a group of men who have played an important part in empowering the women. However, these men have also played on the differences between the women resulting in alliances which can disempower other women. The research combines quantitative and qualitative methods, including a membership survey along with sixty-four interviews and seventeen focus groups. I also conducted participant observations. It reveals the complex processes and interactions which contribute to the empowerment of women in a social movement. It seeks to understand who is empowered and what this means for the wider society. It also shows how the movement is affected by changes in the wider society and how the response to these challenges can affect its members' empowerment.

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44

Lopez-Avila, Diana. "Three Essays on Children Well Being, Women Empowerment and Social Programs". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0046.

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Dans les pays en développement, plusieurs programmes sociaux sont mis en œuvre avec l'objectif d'améliorer le bien-être des femmes et des enfants. En dépit des évidences existantes sur l'impact de ces programmes, un certain nombre de questions restent discutés. D'une part, les programmes de transferts conditionnés se montrent efficaces pour l'amélioration de la scolarité, alors que leur effet sur la réduction du travail des enfants reste mitigé. Les résultats de cette thèse montrent que le prix relatif du travail des mères et enfants constitue un facteur crucial pour que le programme produise un effet significatif. Le temps de travail des enfants tend à fortement diminuer lorsque le prix du temps de travail des mères est plus bas que celui des enfants. D'autre part, l'évaluation des programmes sociaux orientés vers l'enfance s'est largement concentrée sur la nutrition et les compétences cognitives et no-cognitives. Les possibles effets sur le comportement des parents vis-à-vis de leurs enfants sont souvent omis. Les résultats du présent travail montrent que les parents dont les enfants sont largement exposés â ce type d'interventions, utilisent moins la violence physique comme un moyen pour discipliner leurs enfants. Par ailleurs, bien que le concept de l'autonomisation des femmes joue un rôle important en tant qu'un résultat, mais aussi un mécanisme pour comprendre l'impact des programmes sociaux, peu d'information est disponible sur la manière comment le mesurer. Il ressort de cette thèse que la dimension de capital social semble mieux indiquer pour décrire l'autonomisation des femmes
Several social programs have been implemented in developing countries with the aim of improving children's and women's well-being. Despite the existing evidence on the impact of these programs, there are still some knowledge gaps where this thesis aims to fill. First, programs such as Conditional Cash Transfers have been effective at increasing school attendance, but do not necessarily at achieving a large reduction on child labor. This thesis shows that the relative price of mothers and children labor is crucial to observe a reduction in child labor, due to the program. Children's working time is going to largely decrease in cases where mother's labor time is less expensive as compared to children's. Second, the evaluation of programs targeted to early childhood has been largely focused on nutrition, health, cognitive and non-cognitive skills, leaving aside parenting outcomes. Evidence found in this thesis shows that early childhood interventions impact parenting practices, particularly how children are disciplined. Parents of children who are largely exposed to these interventions use less physical violence as a way to discipline their children. Finally, women's empowerment plays a key role as an outcome and as a channel in the evaluation of these interventions. However, we lack information on how to approach and assess women's empowerment. This thesis shows that social capital seems to better capture women's bargaining power, as compared to traditional dimensions, such as participation in household decisions. This later analysis is done to understand the relation between women's empowerment and domestic violence

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45

Golzard, Vahideh. "Cyberspace and empowerment : the perspective of women internet users in Tehran". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713494.

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The purpose of this study is to attain information on women's use of the Internet by focusing on the ways it has empowered them. Tehran is selected as a field site because nearly one-fifth of the urban population in Iran lives in Tehran. Moreover, the Access to the Internet, particularly in this capital city, has developed enormously in the recent years. The main questions around which I have focused this enquiry are: "Has the Internet made a difference in the lives of women in the city of Tehran? Do they feel empowered by the Internet? This research is based on semi structured interviews which consist of a written list of ten questions. The research sample consists of 40 participants between the ages 13-45 years, whom I have selected through the snowballing sampling technique. The data for this study was collected during the summer 2010. The aim of this research is to attain information on women's use of the Internet and their perception about empowerment, mainly focusing on how much the use of the Internet contributes to their empowerment and in which ways does this occur. The data reveals that 80 per cent of the interviewed women acknowledge that the Internet has a significant impact on their personal and professional life. This group also believes that the Internet has opened up a new space for them. Their empowerment zones were focused on the aspects of individual (physical, psychological, and intellectual wellbeing), political, economic, social and cultural empowerment. However, 20 per cent of the participants stress that the Internet 'may' have made their life easier but has not brought about a big difference to their lives practically. The reason of this disagreement according to their views is related to the major obstacles they encounter in their easy access to the Internet.

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46

Sweetman, Caroline Lydia Jane. "Livelihoods, poverty and the empowerment of women : an Ethiopian case study". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2321/.

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This thesis interrogates the livelihoods and empowerment strategies of first and second generation migrant women living in Kechene, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and considers the role of a microfinance intervention in supporting the empowerment of these women. They are from a craftsworking group, described by some as an Ethiopian 'caste'. The thesis starts by conceptualising a model of empowerment which employs both forgotten insights from gender and development scholarship, and recent theoretical work on intersectional identities. Modelling power in this way has important implications for development practice which seeks to support the empowerment of women. In particular, it calls into question the role of awareness-raising training and the existence of ‘false consciousness’ regarding gender inequality. The thesis goes on to consider how development policy and practice has engaged with gender equality concerns, focusing on livelihoods and in particular on the role that microfinance interventions can be expected to play in the ‘economic empowerment’ of individual women entrepreneurs, and the feminist goal of the collective empowerment of women. Women’s empowerment strategies in Kechene occur against a backdrop of acute and worsening economic want, which both loosens social ties with rural areas, and mitigates against women in Kechene establishing strong social networks with each other. Social capital is of key importance in women’s empowerment strategies. Yet weak social networks, together with lack of markets for women's own-account businesses, and membership of relatively stable crafts-based household economies, leads many women to opt not to advance their strategic gender interests. Instead they continue to invest in the traditional social capital of marriage and family. The thesis concludes that to construct the Kechene findings as a failure - of a donor agency to support feminist empowerment, or of women to engage with agendas of empowerment - would be to conflate the two distinct aims of collective empowerment of women as a marginalised group, and individual empowerment of women whose interests are wider than strategic gender interests. The thesis concludes by discussing some of the implications of the model of empowerment advanced within it, for development policy and practice.

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47

Boateng, Janet Serwah. "Women in District Assemblies in Ghana: Gender construction, resistance and empowerment". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2048.

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Calls for more female participation in politics have featured strongly in developed and developing countries since 1975 when the UN made women’s issues a priority. Ghanaian society’s underlying patriarchal structure has made some progress towards gender equity in politics. Whilst there has been a significant improvement in levels of female participation and representation rates, targets have not been reached and the least amount of progress has taken place in local government. The thesis draws upon theories of gender and development (GAD) that emphasises on gender relations in development and proposed the empowerment of women as central to gender equality. Also, social capital underpins this study in arguing that although social capital tends to be accessed differently by men and women, and that culturally men have more established ways of networking widely, there is potential for women to strategically garner social capital in ways that are beneficial to contesting for political seats. Interviews undertaken individually with 40 women in district assembly (DA) positions, and focus groups of 40 men and 10 women campaigners from 4 zones in the country were transcribed, categorised and coded using Nvivo version 10 software. From this qualitative data, the enabling and precluding factors of participation in local government by women in Ghana were analysed and ranked according to the prevalence in the data. The results identified that enabling factors’ themes were Individual Motivational Strategy, Community Support, Civil Society Support, Family Support and Campaign Strategy. Precluding factors’ themes were Barriers, Challenging Factors, and Discouraging Factors. The issues surrounding gender equity in Ghanaian politics and governance have been comprehensively described against this backdrop of explanations from people with experience of campaigning, taking up official positions, and in some cases withdrawing from politics or competing against women. v Whilst patriarchal beliefs still abound for aspiring and serving female politicians, some candidates have been able to achieve high levels of male support, and many feel voters’ support has come from constituents’ belief that representation by a woman is their best hope of having development addressing women’s issues. The findings are potentially useful to future aspiring female politicians in Ghana, and other stakeholders committed to encouraging and supporting women with the overall aim of achieving gender equity.

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48

David, Amber. "Economic Empowerment for All: An Examination of Women's Experiences and Perceptions of Economic Empowerment in Maha Sarakham, Thailand". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491227878475008.

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Tanghöj, Erike. "Social empowerment for and by Aymara women : A study of social empowerment processes in relation to local development programmes". Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Political Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1218.

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The vulnerable social situation of the indigenous women in Bolivia is often on the agenda

of many organisations (CSOs and NGOs). Especially, the deep rooted socio-political

discrimination of this group has been addressed in several researches and during various

international development forums. However, few of these investigations have tried to

understand in what ways the Aymara women themselves want to be supported by

organisations in order to become socially empowered. In regard to this, the contemplation

of this Master Thesis has been to, in an inductive manner, increase the understanding of

the concept of social empowerment from the perspectives of Aymara women and

NGOs/CSOs. To do so a qualitative field based study, aimed at letting Aymara women

themselves explain the social situation, was conducted in Bolivia during the spring 2007.

The outcome of this research has also served as a foundation to a discussion, with special

references to the Swedish aid-agency Svalorna Latinamerika, concerning what NGOs and

CSOs ought to consider when working with social empowerment of Aymara women.

The overarching methodological approach of the study has been that of a bottom-up

implementation analysis. In order to retrieve information from the field techniques such as

socio-anthropological studies, observations, interactions and interviews have been applied.

Several interesting insights and conclusions have been retrieved from the investigation. The

primarily conclusion drawn is that empowerment can neither be received nor given as it has

the features of a learning process. Accordingly, in regard to this organisations must adopt

the role of 'supporters' rather than 'suppliers'. Secondly, it has been reasoned that any

undertaking aimed at supporting social empowerment for and of Aymara women must be

synchronised with the progression of the women's learning processes. This specifically

suggests that organisations must adopt long-run as well as holistic programmes rather than

ad hoc activities. The overall conclusion drawn is that if the social empowerment for and of

Aymara women is to benefit from the undertakings of organisations the planning,

implementation and evaluation of the activities must primarily be based on terms given by

the women.

4

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50

Boatner, Glenda Yvonne y Narda Judge. "Characteristics related to the overall empowerment of urban female parenting welfare recipients". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1460.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Empowerment of women"

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