Literatura académica sobre el tema "Emplacement Optimal"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Emplacement Optimal"
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Álvarez, M., E. Martínez, Á. Arquero y M. Romero. "Apoyo a la selección de emplazamientos óptimos de edificios. Localización de un edificio universitario mediante el Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (AHP)". Informes de la Construcción 62, n.º 519 (1 de septiembre de 2010): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.08.052.
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Murty, Sivala Vishnu. "Emplacement Detection Using Ant Colony Optimization". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n.º 6 (30 de junio de 2022): 4890–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45046.
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Abstract: The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a algorithm with metaheuristic and versatile optimization approach based on the behaviour of ants. After a numerous analysis, ACO has been applied to solve different combinatorial problem statements. The ant colony metaheuristic proves itself to be efficient in solving hard problems, often generating the best solution in the shortest amount of time. However, not enough attention has been paid to ACO as a means of solving problems that have optimal solutions which can be found using other methods. The shortest path problem is undoubtedly one of the aspects of great significance to navigation and telecommunications. It is used, amongst others, for determining the shortest route between two geographical locations, for routing in packet networks, and to balance and optimize network utilization. Thus, this article introduces Shortest Path ACO, an Ant Colony Optimization based algorithm designed to find the shortest path in a graph. The algorithm consists of several sub problems that are presented successively. Each subproblem is discussed from many points of view to enable researchers to find the most suitable solutions to the problems they investigate.
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Sathyamoorthy, Malathy, Sangeetha Kuppusamy, Anand Nayyar y Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj. "Optimal emplacement of sensors by orbit-electron theory in wireless sensor networks". Wireless Networks 28, n.º 4 (11 de marzo de 2022): 1605–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-022-02919-9.
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Belaabed, Faris y Leila Arabet. "Prediction of the Discharge Coefficient of a Labyrinth Weir Type D by an Artificial Neural Network Method". Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics 71, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2024): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/heem-2024-0004.
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Abstract This study presents the use, and its advantages, of artificial intelligence methods to predict the discharge coefficient (Cw ), considering the approach conditions of the labyrinth weir type D. The study suggests modifying the training and validation rates in AI tools, which are often fixed without proper justification in previous studies. Unlike most studies that use geometric dimensions as inputs, this work focuses on the approach conditions (the emplacement of the labyrinth weir and filling the alveoli upstream and downstream) of the labyrinth weir type D. The results, based on laboratory experiments, show that these modified inputs significantly impact the e ciency and cost of constructing the weir. Moreover, the C w predictions based on these inputs are highly satisfactory compared to laboratory test results. In terms of training and validation ratios, the study confirms that the optimal ratio is 70/30 for accurate and highly satisfactory predictions.
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Hobbs, Bruce E. y Alison Ord. "The mechanics of granitoid systems and maximum entropy production rates". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, n.º 1910 (13 de enero de 2010): 53–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0202.
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A model for the formation of granitoid systems is developed involving melt production spatially below a rising isotherm that defines melt initiation. Production of the melt volumes necessary to form granitoid complexes within 10 4 –10 7 years demands control of the isotherm velocity by melt advection. This velocity is one control on the melt flux generated spatially just above the melt isotherm, which is the control valve for the behaviour of the complete granitoid system. Melt transport occurs in conduits initiated as sheets or tubes comprising melt inclusions arising from Gurson–Tvergaard constitutive behaviour. Such conduits appear as leucosomes parallel to lineations and foliations, and ductile and brittle dykes. The melt flux generated at the melt isotherm controls the position of the melt solidus isotherm and hence the physical height of the Transport/Emplacement Zone. A conduit width-selection process, driven by changes in melt viscosity and constitutive behaviour, operates within the Transport Zone to progressively increase the width of apertures upwards. Melt can also be driven horizontally by gradients in topography; these horizontal fluxes can be similar in magnitude to vertical fluxes. Fluxes induced by deformation can compete with both buoyancy and topographic-driven flow over all length scales and results locally in transient ‘ponds’ of melt. Pluton emplacement is controlled by the transition in constitutive behaviour of the melt/magma from elastic–viscous at high temperatures to elastic–plastic–viscous approaching the melt solidus enabling finite thickness plutons to develop. The system involves coupled feedback processes that grow at the expense of heat supplied to the system and compete with melt advection. The result is that limits are placed on the size and time scale of the system. Optimal characteristics of the system coincide with a state of maximum entropy production rate.
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Piquer, José, Pablo Sanchez-Alfaro y Pamela Pérez-Flores. "A new model for the optimal structural context for giant porphyry copper deposit formation". Geology 49, n.º 5 (26 de enero de 2021): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g48287.1.
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Abstract Porphyry-type deposits are the main global source of copper and molybdenum. An improved understanding of the most favorable structural settings for the emplacement of these deposits is necessary for successful exploration, particularly considering that most future discoveries will be made under cover based on conceptual target generation. A common view is that porphyry deposits are preferentially emplaced in pull-apart basins within strike-slip fault systems that favor local extension within a regional compressive to transpressive tectonic regime. However, the role of such a structural context in magma storage and evolution in the upper crust remains unclear. In this work, we propose a new model based on the integration of structural data and the geometry of magmatic-hydrothermal systems from the main Andean porphyry Cu-Mo metallogenic belts and from the active volcanic arc of southern Chile. We suggest that the magma differentiation and volatile accumulation required for the formation of a porphyry deposit is best achieved when the fault system controlling magma ascent is strongly misoriented for reactivation with respect to the prevailing stress field. When magmas and fluids are channeled by faults favorably oriented for extension (approximately normal to σ3), they form sets of parallel, subvertical dikes and veins, which are common both during the late stages of the evolution of porphyry systems and in the epithermal environment. This new model has direct implications for conceptual mineral exploration.
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Ellis, Jean T. y Mayra A. Román-Rivera. "Assessing Natural and Mechanical Dune Performance in a Post-Hurricane Environment". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, n.º 5 (2 de mayo de 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7050126.
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The purpose of this study is to document the geomorphic evolution of a mechanical dune over approximately one year following its installation and compare it to the recovery of a natural dune following the impact of Hurricane Matthew (2016). During the study period, the dunes’ integrity was tested by wave and wind events, including king tides, and a second hurricane (Irma, 2017), at the end of the study period. Prior to the impact of the second hurricane, the volumetric increase of the mechanical and natural dune was 32% and 75%, respectively, suggesting that scraping alone is not the optimal protection method. If scraping is employed, we advocate that the dune should be augmented by planting. Ideally, the storm-impacted dune should naturally recover. Post-storm vegetation regrowth was lower around the mechanical dune, which encouraged aeolian transport and dune deflation. Hurricane Irma, an extreme forcing event, substantially impacted the dunes. The natural dune was scarped and the mechanical dune was overtopped; the system was essentially left homogeneous following the hurricane. The results from this study question the current practice of sand scraping along the South Carolina coast, which occurs post-storm, emplacement along the former primary dune line, and does not include the planting of vegetation.
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Rueda-Velasco, Feizar Javier, Wilson Adarme-Jaimes, Angélica Garzón-Luna, Jhonatan Marroquín-Ávila y Gabriel Parada-Caro. "Evaluation of a facility location for a food assistance supply chain. The case of Bienestarina in Colombia". Ingeniería e Investigación 39, n.º 3 (12 de febrero de 2020): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v39n3.77175.
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The evaluation of the strategic supply chain configuration is considered one of the strategic logistics decisions, especially in food assistance supply chains focused on generating better nutritional conditions in vulnerable populations. In Colombia, there is a social program called Bienestarina, which aims to promote food and nutritional security in a vulnerable population. Although the government supports the program for improving nutritional support, there are currently inconsistencies in freight flows, lack of coverage in some areas, and delivery delays. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the current configuration of the supply chain and propose improvements related to the facility location. Such advances would enable the increase in the efficacy of the network and the reduction of malnutrition in the country. For this purpose, a mixed-integer mathematical programming model is presented, which considers the weighted distance criterion for different demand scenarios and supports the location-allocation decision in a social assistance supply chain. The current network configuration was compared with the optimal proposed structure. The comparisons show highly potential improvements in freight flow allocation, suggests several variations in the existing warehouses emplacement, and generates public policy implications to reduce the logistic cost in the system, prioritizing in turn the demand covering.
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Manor, Matthew J., Stephen J. Piercey, Corey J. Wall y Nikola Denisová. "High-Precision CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of Felsic Rocks in the Finlayson Lake VMS District, Yukon: Linking Paleozoic Basin-Scale Accumulation Rates to the Occurrence of Subseafloor Replacement-Style Mineralization". Economic Geology 117, n.º 5 (1 de agosto de 2022): 1173–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4910.
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Abstract Felsic igneous complexes and associated volcano-sedimentary rocks in continental back-arc environments host large-tonnage and/or high-grade volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. The emplacement mechanisms, style, and preservation of these deposits is thought to be partially dependent on depositional rates of the host lithofacies (i.e., discrete volcanic eruptions) relative to the setting of massive sulfide genesis on the seafloor as mounds and/or via subseafloor replacement of existing strata. The localization and occurrence of subseafloor replacement-style VMS deposits is therefore strongly influenced by the characteristics of the volcano-sedimentary facies in the hosting basin and the rates of their emplacement; the latter are poorly constrained in the literature due to the difficulty of obtaining high-precision dates that make this possible in Phanerozoic and older rocks. New high-resolution U-Pb geochronology and detailed regional stratigraphic investigation indicate that Devonian-Mississippian volcanic rocks and associated VMS mineralization in the Yukon-Tanana terrane in the Finlayson Lake district, Yukon, Canada, were erupted or emplaced during distinct time periods (ca. 363.3, 362.8, and 355.2 Ma) in two discrete submarine basins: the Kudz Ze Kayah formation and the Wolverine Lake group. The VMS deposits in both settings are contained within intrabasinal rocks that accumulated at rapid rates of ~350 to 2,000 m/m.y. over 0.6 to 1.4 m.y. Locally, these rates reach peak rates up to 7,500 m/m.y. in the Wolverine Lake group, which are interpreted to reflect facies deposition by mass transport complexes or turbidity currents. These new dates indicate that rapid accumulation of volcanic rocks in the back-arc basins was critical for localizing subseafloor replacement-style mineralization and the development of the Zn-enriched GP4F, Kudz Ze Kayah, and Wolverine VMS deposits. Rapid depositional processes observed in these deposits and their host basins are interpreted to have an important role in developing highly porous and permeable, water-saturated lithofacies that provide optimal conditions for enhancing zone refining processes and subsequent preservation of massive sulfide mineralization, which are key in the development of high-grade and large-tonnage VMS deposits. It is herein suggested that quantitative basin-scale accumulation rates, as a result of new U-Pb geochronological methods and increased precision combined with detailed stratigraphic and facies analysis, may provide important perspectives on the formation of continental back-arc basins and the localization of VMS deposits in other continental margin environments globally.
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Crépon, Alexandre, Lucie Mathieu, Daniel J. Kontak, Jeffrey Marsh y Michael A. Hamilton. "An Archean Porphyry-Type Deposit: Cu-Au Mineralization Associated with the Chibougamau Tonalite–Diorite Pluton, Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Canada". Minerals 14, n.º 12 (20 de diciembre de 2024): 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14121293.
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The Neoarchean diorite- and tonalite-dominated Chibougamau pluton (Canada) is ideal for case studies dedicated to the petrogenesis and timing of emplacement of fertile magmatic systems and associated Cu-Au porphyry systems. Using whole-rock analyses, geochronology, and zircon chemistry, it is determined that an early magmatic phase (pre-2714 Ma) is derived from a dioritic magma with a moderate ƒO2 (ΔFMQ 0 to +1), which is optimal for transporting Au and Cu, and that diorite is a potentially fertile magma. Field descriptions indicate that the main mineralizing style consists of sulfide-filled hairline fractures and quartz–carbonate veins. This is likely the consequence of fluid circulation facilitated by a well-developed diaclase network formed following the intrusion of magma at about 4–7 km depth in a competent hosting material. The petrographic features of fluid inclusions (FIs), considered with their microthermometric data and evaporate mound chemistry, suggest the exsolution of early CO2-rich fluids followed by the unmixing of later aqueous saline fluids characterized by a magmatic signature (i.e., Na-, Ca-, Fe-, Mn-, Ba-, and Cl-F). The type of magmatism and its oxidation state, age relationships, the nature of mineralization, and fluid chemistry together support a model whereby metalliferous fluids are derived from an intermediate hydrous magma. This therefore enforces a porphyry-type metallogenic model for this Archean setting.
Tesis sobre el tema "Emplacement Optimal"
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Boutros, Fouad. "Nouvelles approches d'optimisation multi-objectifs pour les Microgrids DC Autonomes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025NANU4002.
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Dans un monde confronté à l’urgence du changement climatique, les microgrids offrent une solution prometteuse pour concevoir des systèmes énergétiques durables. En particulier, les microgrids en courant continu (DC) isolés, fonctionnant indépendamment des réseaux électriques traditionnels, présentent des défis et des opportunités uniques. Le microgrid étudié dans ce travail est un microgrid DC isolé, composé de panneaux solaires, de batteries, d’un générateur diesel ainsi que de charges électriques résidentielles. Ce travail s’inscrit dans un effort global visant à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) en optimisant la conception de ces microgrids tout en prenant en compte leur nature multi-objectif, notamment les aspects techniques, économiques et environnementaux. Face à la complexité de la transition énergétique mondiale, notre recherche se concentre sur trois dimensions majeures : l’optimisation des dimensions des composants du microgrid, la localisation stratégique des sources d’énergie et l’optimisation de la topologie des microgrids à réseau maillé. Ces objectifs sont atteints grâce à une approche novatrice combinant des techniques de modélisation avancées et des algorithmes d’optimisationIn a world facing the urgency of climate change, microgrids offer a promising solution for designing sustainable energy systems. In particular, isolated direct current (DC) microgrids, which operate independently of traditional power grids, present unique challenges and opportunities. The microgrid studied in this work is an isolated DC microgrid composed of solar panels, batteries, a diesel generator, and residential electrical loads. This work is part of a global effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by optimizing the design of these microgrids while accounting for their multi-objective nature, including technical, economic, and environmental aspects. Amid the complexity of the global energy transition, our research focuses on three major dimensions: optimizing the sizing of microgrid components, strategically locating energy sources, and optimizing the topology of meshed microgrid networks. These objectives are achieved through an innovative approach combining advanced modelling techniques and optimization algorithms
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Shankar, Arun. "Optimal jammer placement to interdict wireless network services". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483583.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research and M.S. in Applied Mathematics)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Alderson, David ; Zhou, Hong. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 22, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40). Also available in print.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Emplacement Optimal"
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Lahoti, Himanshu, Avinit Kumar Singh, Sneha Sultana y Sourav Paul. "Quasi-oppositional Whale Optimization Algorithm for Solving Multi-objective Optimal DG Emplacement Problem in Radial Distribution Network". En Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 157–73. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8353-5_11.
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Sultana, Sneha, Sourav Paul, Anupriya Singh, Ankita Kumari y Provas Kumar Roy. "Chaotic Quasi-Oppositional Moth Flame Optimization for Solving Multi-objective Optimal DG Emplacement Problem in Radial Distribution Network". En Communications in Computer and Information Science, 142–55. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48879-5_12.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Emplacement Optimal"
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Kumari, Neelam, Rani Kumari y Bhukya k. Naick. "Optimal Emplacement and Allocation of Distributed Generators by Using Ant Lion Optimization". En 2022 2nd International Conference on Emerging Frontiers in Electrical and Electronic Technologies (ICEFEET). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icefeet51821.2022.9848207.
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Hoorelbeke, Jean-Michel. "Industrial Complementarities Between Interim Storage and Reversible Geological Repository". En ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59237.
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The French Act voted in 2006 made the choice of deep geological disposal as the reference option for the long term management of high level (HLW) and intermediate level long-lived waste. The Cige´o repository project aims at avoiding or limiting burden to future generations, which could not be achieved by the extension in time of interim storage. The reversibility as provided by the Act will maintain a liberty of choice for waste management on a duration which is comparable to new storage facility. Interim storage is required to accommodate waste as long as the repository is not available. The commissioning of the repository in 2025 will not suppress needs for interim storage. The paper describes the complementarities between existing and future interim storage facilities and the repository project: repository operational issues and planning, HLW thermal decay, support for the reversibility, etc. It shows opportunities to prepare a global optimization of waste management including the utilization at best of storage capacities and the planning of waste emplacement in the repository in such a way to facilitate operational conditions and to limit cost. Preliminary simulations of storage-disposal scenarios are presented. Thanks to an optimal use of the waste management system, provision can be made for a progressive increase of waste emplacement flow during the first operation phase of the repository. It is then possible to stabilize the industrial activity level of the repository site. An optimal utilization of interim storage can also limit the diversity of waste packages emplaced simultaneously, which facilitates the operation of the repository. 60 years minimum interim storage duration is generally required with respect to HLW thermal output. Extending this interim storage period may reduce the underground footprint of the repository. Regarding reversibility, the capability to manage waste packages potentially retrieved from the repository should be analyzed. The 2006 French Act provides for a research program on interim storage to be carried out along with the repository project development. This program has been guided by the complementarities between interim storage and the repository project. The main research issues address the longevity of storage facilities, up to 100 years, their versatility with regard to waste package types and their modularity to match future needs progressively. In parallel the dialogue between Andra and waste producers will continue to propose optimized waste management scenarios.
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Bignami, Christian, Stefania Amici y Marco Chini. "Lava emplacement mapping with SAR and optical satellite data". En 2017 9th International Workshop on the Analysis of Multitemporal Remote Sensing Images (MultiTemp). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/multi-temp.2017.8035218.
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Alward, W. y M. Al-Jubouri. "Integrated Workflow for Petrophysical Evaluation in Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoirs". En GOTECH. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/219336-ms.
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Abstract The cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in South Iraq are long known for exhibiting highly varying properties within small sections of the reservoir, the interplay of rock texture and pore networks arising from depositional facies and diagenesis presents a persistent challenge in predicting inflow profiles. The complex reservoir heterogeneity introduces considerable uncertainty, complicating modeling efforts for oil production and water cut prediction. Traditional approaches like Archie's method struggle to precisely estimate water saturation, as the Archie exponents ‘m’ and ‘n’ lack clear correlations with mineralogy and porosity. Complex carbonate pore structures and wettability alteration further contribute to the variability in the Archie exponents. The conventional resistivity and porosity measurements often fall short of capturing variations in pore size and texture. To address this, advanced measurements, including borehole imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance, become indispensable for extracting information regarding distinct textural components, porosity partitions, and fluid saturations. This paper introduces a comprehensive workflow that seamlessly integrates standard log measurements, image logs, and NMR data to accurately assess and characterize porosity, permeability, and saturation in carbonate reservoirs that exhibit multiple pore systems comprising microporous grains separated by intergranular macroporosity and with vugs due to grain absence. The integration of NMR and image logs is facilitated through the Gaussian decomposition technique, which deconstructs total porosity into its constituent components (micro, macro, vuggy, etc.). Subsequently, the partitioning analysis is employed to determine permeability, fluid saturation (by pore partition), carbonate rock types, and capillary pressure. For permeability, the macro permeability equation is employed, utilizing the volume of macro porosity as an input parameter. Saturation per pore partition is calculated using Ramakrishnan-Bruggeman's effective medium model, both in the uninvaded and invaded zones. This method accounts for drainage (oil emplacement) and imbibition (water-based mud filtrate invasion) processes, respecting the apparent wettability of each pore system. Carbonate rock types are identified through a classification scheme aligning with Dunham classes and based on the proportions of the three pore partitions. The mean T2 distribution for each rock type is transformed into pseudo-capillary pressure and associated saturation height functions using an appropriate PC to T2 scaling factor. This holistic integration of measurements enables the characterization of carbonate reservoirs in such details that are needed to realistically model such reservoirs and predict the production within optimal tolerance. The study not only underscores the impact of carbonate heterogeneity on Cretaceous carbonate reservoir evaluation in Southern Iraq but also introduces a reliable, log-based interpretation workflow suitable to precisely assess complex porosity and permeability systems in the absence of core data.
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West, Aaron y Mark Mellini. "Remote ballistic emplacement of an electro-optical and acoustic target detection and localization system". En SPIE Defense + Security, editado por Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2182162.
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Rodwell, Ed y Albert Machiels. "A Perspective on the U.S. Nuclear Fuel Cycle". En 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89773.
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There has been a resurgence of interest in the possibility of processing the US spent nuclear fuel, instead of burying it in a geologic repository. Accordingly, key topical findings from three relevant EPRI evaluations made in the 1990–1995 timeframe are recapped and updated to accommodate a few developments over the subsequent ten years. Views recently expressed by other US entities are discussed. Processing aspects thereby addressed include effects on waste disposal and on geologic repository capacity, impacts on the economics of the nuclear fuel cycle and of the overall nuclear power scenario, alternative dispositions of the plutonium separated by the processing, impacts on the structure of the perceived weapons proliferation risk, and challenges for the immediate future and for the current half-century. Currently, there is a statutory limit of 70,000 metric tons on the amount of nuclear waste materials that can be accepted at Yucca Mountain. The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the project analyzed emplacement of up to 120,000 metric tons of nuclear waste products in the repository. Additional scientific analyses suggest significantly higher capacity could be achieved with changes in the repository configuration that use only geology that has already been characterized and do not deviate from existing design parameters. Conservatively assuming the repository capacity postulated in the EIS, the need date for a second repository is essentially deferrable until that determined by a potential new nuclear plant deployment program. A further increase in technical capacity of the first repository (and further and extensive delay to the need date for a second repository) is potentially achievable by processing the spent fuel to remove the plutonium (and at least the americium too), provided the plutonium and the americium are then comprehensively burnt. The burning of some of the isotopes involved would need fast reactors (discounting for now a small possibility that one of several recently postulated alternatives will prove superior overall). However, adoption of processing would carry a substantial cost burden and reliability of the few demonstration fast reactors built to-date has been poor. Trends and developments could remove these obstacles to the processing scenario, possibly before major decisions on a second repository become necessary, which need not be until mid-century at the earliest. Pending the outcomes of these long-term trends and developments, economics and reliability encourage us to stay with non-processing for the near term at least. Besides completing the Yucca Mountain program, the two biggest and inter-related fuel-cycle needs today are for a nationwide consensus on which processing technology offers the optimum mix of economic competitiveness and proliferation resistance and for a sustained effort to negotiate greater international cooperation and safeguards. Equally likely to control the readiness schedule is development/demonstration of an acceptable, reliable and affordable fast reactor.