Literatura académica sobre el tema "Éléphants de mer – Écologie"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Éléphants de mer – Écologie"
Stücklin, Lancelot. "Écrire comme marchent les mouettes : Écologie et sociologie du geste chez Marcel Proust". L'Esprit Créateur 63, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2023): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/esp.2023.a906709.
Texto completoAtlan, Anne y Catherine Darrot. "Les invasions biologiques entre écologie et sciences sociales : quelles spécificités pour l’outre-mer français ?" Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) 11, n.º 1 (2012): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/revec.2012.1669.
Texto completoSavours, Ann. "PHOQUIERS DE LA DÉSOLATION: LA CHASSE AUX ÉLÉPHANTS DE MER AUX ÎLES KERGUELEN PAR LES NAVIRES–USINES FRANÇAIS (1925–1931). Patrick Arnaud, Jean Beurois, Pierre Couesnon, and Jean-François Le Mouël. 2007. Vachères: privately published. 268 p, illustrated, soft cover. ISBN 978-2-9530233-0-5. €21.00." Polar Record 45, n.º 3 (julio de 2009): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247409008225.
Texto completoDoyon, Sabrina. "Écologie politique des paysans alternatifs de l’Empordà (Catalogne) : s’engager entre mer et montagne". Développement durable et territoires, Vol. 11, n°1 (30 de abril de 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/developpementdurable.16601.
Texto completoGUINET, C. "Croissance des éléphants de mer de l’archipel Crozet (46°25’ S, 51°45’ E) pendant leur première année de vie". Mammalia 56, n.º 3 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1992.56.3.459.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Éléphants de mer – Écologie"
Mestre, Julie. "Entre variabilité interannuelle et stratégies individuelles : effets des paramètres environnementaux sur l’écologie alimentaire et le succès reproducteur des éléphants de mer de l’archipel de Kerguelen". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS228.
Texto completoBecause time-series relative to foraging ecology, environmental parameters and population trends are scarce, few studies focused on the mechanisms linking oceanographic variables with the foraging behaviour and breeding success in marine top predators. This PhD thesis aims to assess the effects of inter-annual environmental conditions and individual strategies on the foraging ecology and breeding success of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), a key species of the Southern Ocean. The simultaneous analysis of stable isotopes and tracking-diving time-series highlighted that the foraging habitats, as well as the diving- and foraging behaviour of female seals, remained stable over the last fourteen years. This thesis also revealed a consistency in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic foraging strategies, and a decrease in the body condition of females exploiting the latter habitat. The weaning mass of their pups, considered as a proxy of the breeding success, decreased too. A difference in habitat quality was detected between the area located east and west of the Kerguelen archipelago, with the area located west providing a higher foraging success. Moreover, a spatial structuration of foraging strategies was highlighted between two breeding sites located at Kerguelen Island. Despite consistency in the behaviour of seals, an overall increase in body condition was assessed over the study period. Combined with a global decrease in δ13C values, this result suggests that some modifications are occurring in the food web of the Southern Ocean
Labrousse, Sara. "Beneath the sea ice : exploring elephant seal foraging strategy in Earth's extreme Antarctic polar environment". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066542/document.
Texto completoUnderstanding how physical properties of the environment underpin habitat selection of large marine vertebrates is crucial in identifying how and where animals acquire resources necessary for locomotion, growth and reproduction and ultimately their fitness. The Southern Ocean harbors one of the largest and most dynamic marine ecosystems on our planet which arises from the presence of two majors physical features, (i) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and (ii) the seasonal sea ice cover region. In the Antarctic, marine predators are exposed to climate-induced shifts in atmospheric circulation and sea ice. However, because these shifts vary regionally, and because much remains to be understood about how individual animals use their environment, it has been difficult to make predictions on how animals may respond to climate variability. Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) are a major consumer of Southern Ocean resources and use two main large scale foraging strategies, (i) feeding in the frontal zone of the Southern Ocean, or (ii) feeding in the seasonal sea ice region. In the present thesis I examined the winter post-moulting foraging strategies of 46 male and female Kerguelen southern elephant seals which utilized the second strategy. Using an eleven year time-series of tracking, diving, and seal-collected hydrographic data (from 2004-2014) I assessed their movements and foraging performance in relation to in situ hydrographic and sea ice conditions. The influence of both the spatio-temporal and inter-annual variability of sea ice around seal locations was investigated, and an investigation on the role of polynya for male elephant seal during winter conducted
Labrousse, Sara. "Beneath the sea ice : exploring elephant seal foraging strategy in Earth's extreme Antarctic polar environment". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066542.
Texto completoUnderstanding how physical properties of the environment underpin habitat selection of large marine vertebrates is crucial in identifying how and where animals acquire resources necessary for locomotion, growth and reproduction and ultimately their fitness. The Southern Ocean harbors one of the largest and most dynamic marine ecosystems on our planet which arises from the presence of two majors physical features, (i) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and (ii) the seasonal sea ice cover region. In the Antarctic, marine predators are exposed to climate-induced shifts in atmospheric circulation and sea ice. However, because these shifts vary regionally, and because much remains to be understood about how individual animals use their environment, it has been difficult to make predictions on how animals may respond to climate variability. Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) are a major consumer of Southern Ocean resources and use two main large scale foraging strategies, (i) feeding in the frontal zone of the Southern Ocean, or (ii) feeding in the seasonal sea ice region. In the present thesis I examined the winter post-moulting foraging strategies of 46 male and female Kerguelen southern elephant seals which utilized the second strategy. Using an eleven year time-series of tracking, diving, and seal-collected hydrographic data (from 2004-2014) I assessed their movements and foraging performance in relation to in situ hydrographic and sea ice conditions. The influence of both the spatio-temporal and inter-annual variability of sea ice around seal locations was investigated, and an investigation on the role of polynya for male elephant seal during winter conducted
Le, Ster Loïc. "Estimation des variations saisonnières et interannuelles de la biomasse et de la composition en phytoplancton du secteur indien de l’Océan Austral sur les deux dernières décennies et évaluation de leurs conséquences écologiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS429.
Texto completoThe Southern Ocean (SO) plays a critical role in the uptake and storage of anthropogenic carbon due to the combined action of physical and biological pumps (Boyd et al. 2019 DOI:10.1038/s41586-019-1098-2). Furthermore, the Southern Ocean provides half of the primary production of the biosphere. Recent analyses nevertheless suggest a change in surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations in the Southern Ocean with an increasing trend, especially over the winter period (Del Castillo et al. 2019 DOI:10.1029/2019GL083163). Given the phenology of the different phytoplankton species, this trend and the associated temporal shift could imply a change in the composition of phytoplankton communities succeeding each other during the year. This hypothesis is supported, but not verified, by work done at the CEBC revealing a continuous decrease in the δ13C isotopic signature of Kerguelen elephant seals over the period 2006-2018 while the signature of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) did not vary over the same period (SNO-OISO data, N. Metzl personal comm.). This change in elephant seal composition reflects a potential change in the quality of phytoplankton at the base of the food chains on which they depend (Schell et al., 1989 DOI:10.1007/BF00399575; Cherel and Hobson, 2007 DOI:10.3354/meps329281). The objective of the project is firstly to estimate quantitative variations in phytoplankton biomass in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, and secondly, to assess the associated qualitative changes in phytoplankton community composition, as well as their impacts on the ecology of large predators such as the elephant seal
Authier, Matthieu. "L'écologie en mer des Éléphants de Mer Austraux au travers des isotopes stables du carbone et de l'azote". Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660199.
Texto completoAuthier, Matthieu. "L'écologie en mer des éléphants de mer austraux au travers des isotopes stables du carbone et de l'azote". Phd thesis, Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f58ff740-8026-4c5a-a40c-7618a58cad1e.
Texto completoHow can we study the foraging of organisms with a cryptic lifestyle? For marine species, direct observations may not be logistically feasible. To circumvent these problems, indirects approaches, which aim at tracking the flux of molecules within ecosystems, have been on the rise in ecology since the 1970s. One indirect approach relies on measuring stable isotopes in various organic tissues, including those from museum specimen, to study the trophic ecology of wild animals. Using the indirect evidence stable isotopes can provide, this Ph. D. Thesis endeavoured to study the at-sea ecology of a large predator : the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) breeding on îles Kerguelen in the Southern Ocean. This seal spends less than one fifth of its lifetime on land where it may be directly observed, and only forages at sea. By taking advantage of the existence of a latitudinal gradient in carbon isotopes within the Southern Ocean, I investigated the relationship between foraging strategy and fitness in this capital breeder, through the use of bayesian models. Inferences on foraging locations from stable isotopic data were in broad agreement with “biologging” results : seals were mainly foraging at the Polar Front or in Antarctic waters. Using mixture models, I studied how breeding females foraging in Antarctic waters were more likely to wean a large pup compared to females foraging in Subantarctic waters. I used a joint modelling approach to study longevity in males, a fitness-related trait that is hard to study in wild populations, and its relationship with foraging as inferred from repeated isotopic sampling of teeth. This approach revealed males that had a very stable and constant foraging from an early age to be the most long-lived ones
Jaud, Thomas. "Comportement alimentaire des éléphants de mer dans un océan à très fine échelle". Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0064/document.
Texto completoOcean dynamics, especially in the southern ocean, are caracterized by strong fluctuation due to mesoscale (eddies, 100-200km) and submesoscale (filaments, <50km) processes. Theses processes are known to strongly stimulate primary production and with him the rest of the trophic chain. However, in marine ecosystems, relationship between prey and predator distribution remain challenging to understand. Such complexe link exist within the Southern Elephant Seal (SES) and their deep diving prey.This PhD worked to understand how the SES diving and foraging behaviour is impacted by submesoscale variation of the environment. Two original aspects of this work was first to use the very high resolution measurement from SES as an unique 3-D in-situ submesoscale dataset and then to combine it to, more classic, satellite temperature and altimetry measurement. This work showed, for the first time the in-situ impact of submesoscale frontal regions on one top predator foraging behaviour. Furthermore, during this study, an original method to identify fine scale frontal regions was developped. Finally, this PhD confirm the relevant use of the Surface Quasi-Geostrophic method in the study of fine scale dynamics, especially in the possibility of high resolution spatial missions (such as SWOT)
Chaise, Laureline. "Ecologie thermique et thermorégulation sociale des éléphants de mer austraux (Mirounga leonina) en phase de mue". Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0025/document.
Texto completoAnnual life cycle of Phocids at sea is interrupted twice for reproduction and moult on land. The moult, an energetically costly phase, is essential for the renewal of hair, as well as epidermis in some monachine seals (Mirounga and Monachus). Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) huddle in mud pools, or “wallows”, while moulting on land. Peripheral vasodilatation through the isolating layer of the blubber to renew skin cells during the moult creates major heat loss, that’s why this species moult on land, fasting, rather than staying in water. Many bird and mammal species developed an energy saving strategy based on social thermoregulation in order to decrease heat loss, especially in extreme environments or particular physiological stages. However, few studies have investigated behavioural and physiological adaptations of southern elephant seals during the moult. Our study rests on the hypothesis that huddling behaviour of moulting elephant seals follows the same determinants and allows equivalent thermal and energetic benefices than social thermoregulation. We studied behavioural adaptations on land of female southern elephant seals during five moult seasons, linked to local environmental and individual physiological variations. Our results show that habitat selection, distances moved on land and aggregation behaviour are influenced by the stage of the moult, the habitat type and meteorological conditions. At the peak of moult, heat loss and aggregation behaviour are both increased, as movements on land are decreased. Moreover, aggregation rate and aggregations size increase when local weather is deteriorated, mainly in “wallows”. However, distances moved increase when windchill is low or solar radiation is high. Furthermore, aggregated seals have a lower body temperature (skin and stomach) than isolated seals. The elevated metabolic rate observed would be linked to thermal constraints and an elevated hormonal metabolism. Although we found no correlation between aggregation and body mass loss, individual aggregation rate was negatively correlated to metabolic rate. Therefore, elephant seals are sensible to environmental conditions and would adapt their behaviour to decrease energy expenditure. Aggregation behaviour allows to decrease heat loss and thus thermoregulation cost. “Wallows” offer thermal advantages and induce an increased moult rate, supposedly by maximising the decrease in heat loss when aggregated. Decreased heat loss would allow an adjustment in body temperature in aggregated seals and energy save from thermoregulation could be reallocated to the moult process. Elephant seals seem to balance movements on land and aggregation, in relation to individual body reserves, in order to decrease energy expenditure. New promising methods to record physiological parameters in the field (heart rate method and the use of bio-impedancemetry) need to be calibrate in this species to allow more precised moult metabolism and energy expenditure records, linked to individual variations
Park, Won-Kyou. "Variation de la composition élémentaire et de la contamination métallique chez quatre bio-indicateurs (posidonies, moules, oursins, dauphins) le long des côtes provençales (Méditérranée, France)". Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30073.
Texto completoVacquié, Garcia Jade. "Variation spatio-temporelle de l'activité d'alimentation des éléphants de mer en relation avec les paramètres physiques et biologiques de l'environnement". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2433/.
Texto completoNumerous studies focused on the study of the foraging activity of marine predators in relation to oceanographic conditions. However, the foraging activity of marine predators was often indirectly estimated from the analysis of their trajectory at sea and consequently, it is more the searching behavior of predators which was studied than their food intake. Recently, new devices equipped with of accelerometers have been implemented to evaluate the events of food intake. By combining these technologies with devices recording high frequency data on the environment, this phD aims to assess whether the spatio-temporal variation of the foraging activity of a marine predator, the southern elephant seal (SES), is related to the heterogeneity of the physical and biological conditions encountered. Two main results were highlighted. Firstly, by linking the foraging activity of SES with three physical parameters, the temperature, the light and the depth, five distinct foraging environments were characterized for this predator. Secondly, a qualitative relationship was found between the bioluminescence and the foraging activity of SES. While providing innovative results on the ecology of SES, this phD developed methods that have the potential to be applied to a large number of marine predators and that provide research opportunities on the study of predator / prey interactions
Libros sobre el tema "Éléphants de mer – Écologie"
Á la mer. Paris: Nathan, 1996.
Buscar texto completoPaccalet, Yves. La Mer et la vie: Chronique de la mer, des origines au XXIe siècle. Paris: Larousse, 1994.
Buscar texto completoAu bord de la mer. [Paris]: Gallimard, 1994.
Buscar texto completoill, Lebot Sophie, ed. La mer. Toulouse: Milan jeunesse, 2009.
Buscar texto completoDu, Valérie Le. La mer. Paris: Fleurus, 2010.
Buscar texto completoIll, Baron Nicole, ed. Le Livre des bords de mer. Paris: Gallimard, 1985.
Buscar texto completoSukumar, Raman. Elephant days and nights: Ten years with the Indian elephant. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Buscar texto completoPetit atlas des mers et des océans. [Paris]: Larousse, 2003.
Buscar texto completo1937-, MacInnis Joe y Donoghue Michael, eds. Sauver les océans. Saint-Laurent, Qué: Éditions du Trécarré, 1992.
Buscar texto completoHolly, Arntzen, Arntzen Holly, Colombie-Britannique y Parcs Canada, eds. La mer des Salish: Manuel de l'enseignant. Victoria, C.-B: Parcs Canada, 2001.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Éléphants de mer – Écologie"
Blanc-Noël, Nathalie. "Arne Næss, quelle écologie politique ?" En La Norvège et l’or de la mer, 79–91. Presses universitaires de Caen, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.puc.26551.
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