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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Éléphants de mer austraux"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Éléphants de mer austraux"
Savours, Ann. "PHOQUIERS DE LA DÉSOLATION: LA CHASSE AUX ÉLÉPHANTS DE MER AUX ÎLES KERGUELEN PAR LES NAVIRES–USINES FRANÇAIS (1925–1931). Patrick Arnaud, Jean Beurois, Pierre Couesnon, and Jean-François Le Mouël. 2007. Vachères: privately published. 268 p, illustrated, soft cover. ISBN 978-2-9530233-0-5. €21.00." Polar Record 45, n.º 3 (julio de 2009): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247409008225.
Texto completoGUINET, C. "Croissance des éléphants de mer de l’archipel Crozet (46°25’ S, 51°45’ E) pendant leur première année de vie". Mammalia 56, n.º 3 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1992.56.3.459.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Éléphants de mer austraux"
Authier, Matthieu. "L'écologie en mer des Éléphants de Mer Austraux au travers des isotopes stables du carbone et de l'azote". Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660199.
Texto completoAuthier, Matthieu. "L'écologie en mer des éléphants de mer austraux au travers des isotopes stables du carbone et de l'azote". Phd thesis, Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f58ff740-8026-4c5a-a40c-7618a58cad1e.
Texto completoHow can we study the foraging of organisms with a cryptic lifestyle? For marine species, direct observations may not be logistically feasible. To circumvent these problems, indirects approaches, which aim at tracking the flux of molecules within ecosystems, have been on the rise in ecology since the 1970s. One indirect approach relies on measuring stable isotopes in various organic tissues, including those from museum specimen, to study the trophic ecology of wild animals. Using the indirect evidence stable isotopes can provide, this Ph. D. Thesis endeavoured to study the at-sea ecology of a large predator : the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) breeding on îles Kerguelen in the Southern Ocean. This seal spends less than one fifth of its lifetime on land where it may be directly observed, and only forages at sea. By taking advantage of the existence of a latitudinal gradient in carbon isotopes within the Southern Ocean, I investigated the relationship between foraging strategy and fitness in this capital breeder, through the use of bayesian models. Inferences on foraging locations from stable isotopic data were in broad agreement with “biologging” results : seals were mainly foraging at the Polar Front or in Antarctic waters. Using mixture models, I studied how breeding females foraging in Antarctic waters were more likely to wean a large pup compared to females foraging in Subantarctic waters. I used a joint modelling approach to study longevity in males, a fitness-related trait that is hard to study in wild populations, and its relationship with foraging as inferred from repeated isotopic sampling of teeth. This approach revealed males that had a very stable and constant foraging from an early age to be the most long-lived ones
Chaise, Laureline. "Ecologie thermique et thermorégulation sociale des éléphants de mer austraux (Mirounga leonina) en phase de mue". Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0025/document.
Texto completoAnnual life cycle of Phocids at sea is interrupted twice for reproduction and moult on land. The moult, an energetically costly phase, is essential for the renewal of hair, as well as epidermis in some monachine seals (Mirounga and Monachus). Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) huddle in mud pools, or “wallows”, while moulting on land. Peripheral vasodilatation through the isolating layer of the blubber to renew skin cells during the moult creates major heat loss, that’s why this species moult on land, fasting, rather than staying in water. Many bird and mammal species developed an energy saving strategy based on social thermoregulation in order to decrease heat loss, especially in extreme environments or particular physiological stages. However, few studies have investigated behavioural and physiological adaptations of southern elephant seals during the moult. Our study rests on the hypothesis that huddling behaviour of moulting elephant seals follows the same determinants and allows equivalent thermal and energetic benefices than social thermoregulation. We studied behavioural adaptations on land of female southern elephant seals during five moult seasons, linked to local environmental and individual physiological variations. Our results show that habitat selection, distances moved on land and aggregation behaviour are influenced by the stage of the moult, the habitat type and meteorological conditions. At the peak of moult, heat loss and aggregation behaviour are both increased, as movements on land are decreased. Moreover, aggregation rate and aggregations size increase when local weather is deteriorated, mainly in “wallows”. However, distances moved increase when windchill is low or solar radiation is high. Furthermore, aggregated seals have a lower body temperature (skin and stomach) than isolated seals. The elevated metabolic rate observed would be linked to thermal constraints and an elevated hormonal metabolism. Although we found no correlation between aggregation and body mass loss, individual aggregation rate was negatively correlated to metabolic rate. Therefore, elephant seals are sensible to environmental conditions and would adapt their behaviour to decrease energy expenditure. Aggregation behaviour allows to decrease heat loss and thus thermoregulation cost. “Wallows” offer thermal advantages and induce an increased moult rate, supposedly by maximising the decrease in heat loss when aggregated. Decreased heat loss would allow an adjustment in body temperature in aggregated seals and energy save from thermoregulation could be reallocated to the moult process. Elephant seals seem to balance movements on land and aggregation, in relation to individual body reserves, in order to decrease energy expenditure. New promising methods to record physiological parameters in the field (heart rate method and the use of bio-impedancemetry) need to be calibrate in this species to allow more precised moult metabolism and energy expenditure records, linked to individual variations
Dragon, Anne-Cécile. "Modélisation des stratégies d'approvisionnement des éléphants de mer austraux : influence de la variabilité de la production primaire et des conditions océanographiques physiques". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066276.
Texto completoJaud, Thomas. "Comportement alimentaire des éléphants de mer dans un océan à très fine échelle". Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0064/document.
Texto completoOcean dynamics, especially in the southern ocean, are caracterized by strong fluctuation due to mesoscale (eddies, 100-200km) and submesoscale (filaments, <50km) processes. Theses processes are known to strongly stimulate primary production and with him the rest of the trophic chain. However, in marine ecosystems, relationship between prey and predator distribution remain challenging to understand. Such complexe link exist within the Southern Elephant Seal (SES) and their deep diving prey.This PhD worked to understand how the SES diving and foraging behaviour is impacted by submesoscale variation of the environment. Two original aspects of this work was first to use the very high resolution measurement from SES as an unique 3-D in-situ submesoscale dataset and then to combine it to, more classic, satellite temperature and altimetry measurement. This work showed, for the first time the in-situ impact of submesoscale frontal regions on one top predator foraging behaviour. Furthermore, during this study, an original method to identify fine scale frontal regions was developped. Finally, this PhD confirm the relevant use of the Surface Quasi-Geostrophic method in the study of fine scale dynamics, especially in the possibility of high resolution spatial missions (such as SWOT)
Mestre, Julie. "Entre variabilité interannuelle et stratégies individuelles : effets des paramètres environnementaux sur l’écologie alimentaire et le succès reproducteur des éléphants de mer de l’archipel de Kerguelen". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS228.
Texto completoBecause time-series relative to foraging ecology, environmental parameters and population trends are scarce, few studies focused on the mechanisms linking oceanographic variables with the foraging behaviour and breeding success in marine top predators. This PhD thesis aims to assess the effects of inter-annual environmental conditions and individual strategies on the foraging ecology and breeding success of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), a key species of the Southern Ocean. The simultaneous analysis of stable isotopes and tracking-diving time-series highlighted that the foraging habitats, as well as the diving- and foraging behaviour of female seals, remained stable over the last fourteen years. This thesis also revealed a consistency in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic foraging strategies, and a decrease in the body condition of females exploiting the latter habitat. The weaning mass of their pups, considered as a proxy of the breeding success, decreased too. A difference in habitat quality was detected between the area located east and west of the Kerguelen archipelago, with the area located west providing a higher foraging success. Moreover, a spatial structuration of foraging strategies was highlighted between two breeding sites located at Kerguelen Island. Despite consistency in the behaviour of seals, an overall increase in body condition was assessed over the study period. Combined with a global decrease in δ13C values, this result suggests that some modifications are occurring in the food web of the Southern Ocean
Bailleul, Frédéric. "Deux mille mètres sous les mers : stratégies d'acquisition des ressources et réponses comportementales des éléphants de mer de Kerguelen aux structures physiques de l'Océan Austral". La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROS176.
Texto completoUnderstanding how organisms exploit the resources of their environment is a central topic in ecology. At first, this work describes the foraging strategies of the Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from Kerguelen Islands. Then, it investigates the relationships between foraging behaviour of this species and the environmental parameters and the physical structures of the Southern Ocean. The elephant seals from Kerguelen have exhibited a large distribution in the Southern Ocean but they have concentred their foraging activity within specific areas. Close to the Antarctic continent or within the polar frontal zone, their behaviour was influenced by sea ice. And eddies, respectively. Resources distribution and predictability were not necessary the unique parameter to explain behavioural adjustments of seals. This study takes place in a global project, which compare, on the one hand, the foraging behaviour of the three principal populations of elephant seals of the Southern Ocean, to contribute for understanding their demography and, on the other hand, to acquire oceanographic data in this part of the world
Le, Ster Loïc. "Estimation des variations saisonnières et interannuelles de la biomasse et de la composition en phytoplancton du secteur indien de l’Océan Austral sur les deux dernières décennies et évaluation de leurs conséquences écologiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS429.
Texto completoThe Southern Ocean (SO) plays a critical role in the uptake and storage of anthropogenic carbon due to the combined action of physical and biological pumps (Boyd et al. 2019 DOI:10.1038/s41586-019-1098-2). Furthermore, the Southern Ocean provides half of the primary production of the biosphere. Recent analyses nevertheless suggest a change in surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations in the Southern Ocean with an increasing trend, especially over the winter period (Del Castillo et al. 2019 DOI:10.1029/2019GL083163). Given the phenology of the different phytoplankton species, this trend and the associated temporal shift could imply a change in the composition of phytoplankton communities succeeding each other during the year. This hypothesis is supported, but not verified, by work done at the CEBC revealing a continuous decrease in the δ13C isotopic signature of Kerguelen elephant seals over the period 2006-2018 while the signature of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) did not vary over the same period (SNO-OISO data, N. Metzl personal comm.). This change in elephant seal composition reflects a potential change in the quality of phytoplankton at the base of the food chains on which they depend (Schell et al., 1989 DOI:10.1007/BF00399575; Cherel and Hobson, 2007 DOI:10.3354/meps329281). The objective of the project is firstly to estimate quantitative variations in phytoplankton biomass in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, and secondly, to assess the associated qualitative changes in phytoplankton community composition, as well as their impacts on the ecology of large predators such as the elephant seal
Godard, Morgan. "Caractérisation du comportement alimentaire de l'éléphant de mer Mirounga leonina et liens avec les structures physiques sub-mésoéchelles (1-10km) dans l'océan Austral : une approche par analyse de données fonctionnelles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0129.
Texto completoThe consequences induced by climate change on a vulnerable ecosystem such as the Southern Ocean are difficult to estimate. Indeed, many questions remain unanswered about relationships between biological and physical processes in this ocean. To answer these questions, electronic devices are deployed on marine predators, such as southern elephant seals. These recorders sample a wide variety of physical, biological or behavioral high frequency data, producing a considerable amount of information. All these data are called functional because they have a common character: they evolve along a continuum, whether spatial or temporal. The aim of this thesis is therefore twofold, to study the foraging activity of female elephant seals in relation to the physical processes of the Southern Ocean, while integrating the functional nature of the sampled data. The results obtained show that (1) compared to the classically employed methods, functional data analysis methods allow the identification of a greater variety of diving behaviors with defined biological meaning. (2) These functional approaches are more adapted for data with variable sampling frequencies. (3) Functional data analysis also allows us to access the density of our individuals, reflecting their body condition. Their diving behaviors have a real influence on this body condition, at different time scales. (4) There is a relationship between the characteristics of the water masses encountered by female elephant seals and the dives they perform
Roquet, Fabien. "La circulation océanique autour du plateau de Kerguelen : de l'observation à la modélisation". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431483.
Texto completoLibros sobre el tema "Éléphants de mer austraux"
Mark, Sexton, ed. Le grand voyage. Paris: A. Michel, 2011.
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