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1
Němeček, J., E. Podlešáková y R. Vácha. "Transfer of trace elements with low soil mobility into plants". Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 2 (21 de diciembre de 2011): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4358-pse.
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Trace elements with a low mobility and with a low transfer are Cu, As, Be, V, Cr, Hg. Copper has at low mobility an increased transfer quotient (content plant/soil). The lowest mobility and transfer show Cr and Hg. Only at the very high contents or increased mobilities of trace elements, which accompany the anthropogenic contamination, soil critical loading for crops can be attained. Because of the amount of the examined extremes, it was not possible to derive the proper critical values. Therefore we were able to assess only critical protective values. They represent minimum total contents of trace elements or their mobile forms, which eliminate risks.
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Newburn, Tim, Trevor Jones y Jarrett Blaustein. "Policy mobilities and comparative penality". Theoretical Criminology 22, n.º 4 (16 de junio de 2017): 563–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480617713985.
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The study of ‘policy transfer’ has been subject to sustained criticism, in particular by critical policy studies scholars. This critique—together with the rather marginal role that policy transfer research has played in criminological debates to date—raises questions about the continued utility of such research in scholarly discussions of crime control and penal policy-making. However, we argue here that such studies can enhance our understanding of the local, national and global influences over crime control policy formation. In particular, the developing interest in comparative criminology, in the political economy of punishment, and in the ‘proximate causes’ of penal change, are all areas to which this work can make a useful contribution. Although we feel that some elements of the critique are over-stated, the critical policy studies notions of ‘mobilities’ and ‘assemblages’ offer important advances that capture more fully the complexities of the processes involved in the cross-national movement of penal policy.
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Lean, Garth L. "Transformative travel: A mobilities perspective". Tourist Studies 12, n.º 2 (23 de julio de 2012): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797612454624.
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Physical travel has traditionally been viewed as an agent of transformation. The research conducted on this topic, however, is surprisingly narrow in scope. Few studies have attempted to look beyond a particular tourism/travel segment or discipline and most utilise a restricted range of methods and analysis. These investigations have also failed to consider the long-term impacts of corporeal travel and how changes continue to evolve over time. Drawing upon a holistic and interdisciplinary study of transformative travel, this article argues that in a mobile world, it becomes increasingly difficult for individuals to distance themselves from elements that maintain a particular way of thinking and acting. While a traveller may physically remove their body from a specific geographic location, contemporary and historic flows of people, ideas, information, objects, memories and symbols create mobile spaces, places, landscapes and identities, where both familiarity and difference abound. Transformation through physical travel becomes a complex social phenomenon.
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Gamsjäger, Ernst, Boris Gschöpf y Jiří Svoboda. "Influence of Finite Mobilities of Triple Junctions on the Grain Morphology and Kinetics of Grain Growth". Metals 10, n.º 2 (27 de enero de 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10020185.
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Grain boundary networks composed of equal microstructural elements were investigated in a recent paper. In this work a more complicated artificial grain topology consisting of one four-sided, two six-sided and one eight-sided grain is designed to further investigate the influence of grain boundary and triple junction mobilities on the kinetics of the system in more detail. Depending on the value of the equal mobility of all triple junctions, the initially square-shaped four-sided grain changes its shape to become more or less rectangular. This indicates that the grain morphology is influenced by the value of the mobility of the triple junctions. It is also demonstrated that a grain arrangement with low mobility triple junctions controlling the kinetics of grain growth enhances growth of the large eight-sided grains. In addition, grain growth is investigated for different values of mobilities of triple junctions and grain boundaries. A strong elongation of several grains is predicted by the modeling results for reduced mobilities of the microstructural grain boundary elements. The two-dimensional modeling results are compared to micrographs of a heat-treated titanium niobium microalloyed steel. This feature, namely the evolution of elongated grains, is observed in the micrograph due to the pinning effect of (Ti, Nb)C precipitates at elevated soaking temperatures of around 1100 °C. Furthermore, the experiments show that a broader distribution of the grain sizes occur at 1100 °C compared to soaking temperatures, where pinning due to precipitates plays a less prominent role. A widening of the distribution of the grain sizes for small triple junction mobilities is also predicted by the unit cell model.
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Qu, C. H., J. R. Yang y C. Z. Chen. "Potential mobilities of elements in suspended matter in major rivers of China". Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 57-58, n.º 1 (agosto de 1991): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00282910.
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Tuttle, B. R., S. Dhar, S. H. Ryu, X. Zhu, J. R. Williams, L. C. Feldman y S. T. Pantelides. "Sodium, Rubidium and Cesium in the Gate Oxides of SiC MOSFETs". Materials Science Forum 717-720 (mayo de 2012): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.453.
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Large group-I elements such as sodium, rubidium and cesium have recently been incorporated in the gate oxide of SiC power MOSFETs. In the case of sodium incorporation, enhanced field effect mobilities have been definitively observed. Based on density functional calculations, we find large group-I elements serve as a shallow impurities near the interface. The enhanced mobility, observed in the case of sodium, can be explained in terms of an impurity band model.
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Izsvák, Zsuzsanna, Zoltan Ivics y Perry B. Hackett. "Repetitive elements and their genetic applications in zebrafish". Biochemistry and Cell Biology 75, n.º 5 (1 de octubre de 1997): 507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o97-045.
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Repetitive elements provide important clues about chromosome dynamics, evolutionary forces, and mechanisms for exchange of genetic information between organisms. Repetitive sequences, especially the mobile elements, have many potential applications in genetic research. DNA transposons and retroposons are routinely used for insertional mutagenesis, gene mapping, gene tagging, and gene transfer in several model systems. Once they are developed for the zebrafish, they will greatly facilitate the identification, mapping, and isolation of genes involved in development as well as the investigation of the evolutionary processes that have been shaping eukaryotic genomes. In this review repetitive elements are characterized in terms of their lengths and other physical properties, copy numbers, modes of amplification, and mobilities within a single genome and between genomes. Examples of how they can be used to screen genomes for species and individual strain differences are presented. This review does not cover repetitive gene families that encode well-studied products such as rRNAs, tRNAs, and the like.
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Lapointe, Dominic y Myra Coulter. "Place, Labor, and (Im)mobilities: Tourism and Biopolitics". Tourism Culture & Communication 20, n.º 2 (3 de julio de 2020): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/109830420x15894802540160.
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Contemporary tourism is omnipresent in development discourses and policies, functioning as a "worldmaking" force in which tourism activities provide a representation and storyline that influence the tourist and their behavior, thus becoming a form of social production. Justifying the inclusion of biopolitics as a response to the questions raised by the worldmaking tenet, this article aims to set the concept of biopolitics as the articulation between dominant structures and agency. As contemporary social life and the reproduction of society are integrated into the scope of market capitalism, and the state exerts its role as protector of the "free" market, biopolitics functions through the internalization of the rules of conduct by individuals, as well as through the economic integration of previously noneconomic spheres. Conducting a systematic literature review to expose the presence of the biopolitical lens in tourism research reveals the relevance of pursuing critical and unconventional research strategies. A diverse yet limited corpus of texts has developed in the context of the persistence and pervasiveness of both biopolitics and tourism in complex and uneven global social, political, and spatiotemporal systems and networks, highlighting new theoretical constellations rooted primarily in Foucauldian biopolitics. This essay uncovers a powerful entanglement of nonlinear and multiscalar tourism elements, and calls for ambitiously undertaking tourism research to address tourism discourses, structures, and practices in place and society.
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Zhong, Richen, Min Zhang, Chang Yu y Hao Cui. "The Fluid Mobilities of K and Zr in Subduction Zones: Thermodynamic Constraints". Minerals 11, n.º 4 (9 de abril de 2021): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11040394.
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A subduction zone plays a critical role in forging continental crust via formation of arc magmas, which are characteristically enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs). This trace element pattern results from the different mobilities of LILEs and HFSEs during slab-to-wedge mass transfer, but the mechanisms of trace element transfer from subducting crusts are not fully understood. In this study, thermodynamic simulations are carried out to evaluate the mobilities of K and Zr, as representative cases of LILE and HFSE, respectively, in slab fluids. The fluids buffered by basaltic eclogite can dissolve > 0.1 molal of K at sub-arc depths (~3 to 5.5 GPa). However, only minor amounts of K can be liberated by direct devolatilization of altered oceanic basalt, because sub-arc dehydration mainly takes place at temperatures < 600 °C (talc-out), wherein the fluid solubility of K is very limited (<0.01 molal). Therefore, serpentinite-derived fluids are required to flush K from the eclogite. The solubility of K can be enhanced by the addition of NaCl to the fluid, because fluid Na+ can unlock phengite-bonded K via a complex ion exchange. Finally, it is further confirmed that Zr and other HFSEs are immobile in slab fluids.
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Ilowski, J. J. y A. A. Berezin. "Hall-effect and resistivity measurements in copper–indium–gallium–selenium–tellurium solid solutions". Canadian Journal of Physics 63, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 1985): 778–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-125.
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Hall-effect and resistivity measurements of semiconductor alloys of the type Culn1−yGaySe2(1−x)Te2x have been made over the temperature range 77–300 K. All materials were p-type with mobilities in the range 1 < μ < 10 cm2/V∙s. The observed electrical properties are interpreted in terms of the presence of intrinsic defects arising from dissimilar evaporation of the constituent elements of the materials during melting and annealing stages.
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Ahrens, Jill. "Returning to Where?" African Diaspora 14, n.º 1 (2 de septiembre de 2022): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725465-bja10026.
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Abstract There is a growing understanding that migration trajectories can be complex – spanning several destination countries and including multi-directional mobilities. This paper contributes to the ongoing theorisation of diasporas through a focus on the ‘return mobilities of onward migrants’ – return moves of individuals who have lived in several destination countries either to Nigeria or a previous country of residence. Given that a longing to return to the ancestral homeland has generally been understood as a defining feature of diasporas, relatively few studies have focused on ‘returns’ to other countries or locales. Based on research with Nigerian migrants in Germany, England and Spain, this paper explores some of the core elements that structure their transnational practices and mediate experiences of return mobility, including family dynamics at different life stages and evolving understandings of ‘belonging’. Thereby, this paper highlights the shifting geographic constellations of transnational families and the variety of ‘return’ mobility patterns.
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Muyan, Mesut, Linda M. Callahan, Yanfang Huang y Andrew J. Lee. "The ligand-mediated nuclear mobility and interaction with estrogen-responsive elements of estrogen receptors are subtype specific". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 49, n.º 3 (26 de septiembre de 2012): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-12-0097.
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17β-Estradiol (E2) plays important roles in functions of many tissues. E2 effects are mediated by estrogen receptor (ER) α and β. ERs regulate transcriptions through estrogen-responsive element (ERE)-dependent and ERE-independent modes of action. ER binding to ERE constitutes the basis of the ERE-dependent pathway. Direct/indirect ER interactions with transcription complexes define ERE-independent signaling. ERs share functional features. Ligand-bound ERs nevertheless induce distinct transcription profiles. Live cell imaging indicates a dynamic nature of gene expressions by highly mobile ERs. However, the relative contribution of ER mobility at the ERE-independent pathway to the overall kinetics of ER mobility remains undefined. We used fluorescent recovery after a photo-bleaching approach to assess the ligand-mediated mobilities of ERE binding-defective ERs, EREBD. The decrease in ERα mobility with E2 or the selective ER modulator 4-hydroxyl-tamoxifen (4HT) was largely due to the interaction of the receptor with ERE. Thus, ERα bound to E2 or 4HT mediates transcriptions from the ERE-independent pathway with remarkably fast kinetics that contributes fractionally to the overall motility of the receptor. The antagonist Imperial Chemical Industries 182 780 immobilized ERαs. The mobilities of ERβ and ERβEBD in the presence of ligands were indistinguishable kinetically. Thus, ERβ mobility is independent of the nature of ligands and the mode of interaction with target sites. Chimeric ERs indicated that the carboxyl-termini are critical regions for subtype-specific mobility. Therefore, while ERs are highly mobile molecules interacting with target sites with fast kinetics, an indication of the hit-and-run model of transcription, they differ mechanistically to modulate transcriptions.
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Hill, Reghan J. y Chih-Ying Wang. "Diffusion in phospholipid bilayer membranes: dual-leaflet dynamics and the roles of tracer–leaflet and inter-leaflet coupling". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, n.º 2167 (8 de julio de 2014): 20130843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0843.
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A variety of observations—sometimes controversial—have been made in recent decades when attempting to elucidate the roles of interfacial slip on tracer diffusion in phospholipid membranes. Evans–Sackmann theory (1988) has furnished membrane viscosities and lubrication-film thicknesses for supported membranes from experimentally measured lateral diffusion coefficients. Similar to the Saffman and Delbrück model, which is the well-known counterpart for freely supported membranes, the bilayer is modelled as a single two-dimensional fluid. However, the Evans–Sackman model cannot interpret the mobilities of monotopic tracers, such as individual lipids or rigidly bound lipid assemblies; neither does it account for tracer–leaflet and inter-leaflet slip. To address these limitations, we solve the model of Wang and Hill, in which two leaflets of a bilayer membrane, a circular tracer and supports are coupled by interfacial friction, using phenomenological friction/slip coefficients. This furnishes an exact solution that can be readily adopted to interpret the mobilities of a variety of mosaic elements—including lipids, integral monotopic and polytopic proteins, and lipid rafts—in supported bilayer membranes.
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Levenda, Anthony M. "Mobilizing smart grid experiments: Policy mobilities and urban energy governance". Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 37, n.º 4 (14 de septiembre de 2018): 634–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418797127.
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Cities across the US have been looking to urban experiments as a way to demonstrate potential pathways for carbon control, economic development, and resilience. On their own, these experiments are often small in scale and highly localized, embodying a piecemeal approach to urban development and climate governance. In this paper, I examine the relationship between urban experimentation and policy mobilities to understand how these projects have broader significance for climate governance and urban development. Drawing together empirical data from a multisited case study of smart grid experiments in Austin, Texas; Boulder, Colorado; and Chicago, Illinois, I show how governmental rationalities are mobilized, mutated, and transmitted in the processes of urban learning, extrospection, and consultation. While the imperative of cities to respond to climate change is ever more central to urban politics and governance, I find that the logics of experimentation are tied to specific governmental rationalities and norms of conduct that embed limited notions of citizen involvement and engagement in policy. The paper outlines how three elements of an Austin smart grid model—users as test-bed, test-bed as platform, and test-bed as epistemology—reinforce these logics and rationalities. The implications for urban climate and energy governance are outlined stressing three synergies between urban experiments and policy mobilities approaches.
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Gamsjäger, Ernst, Daniel Ogris y Jiří Svoboda. "Kinetics of Grain Boundary Networks Controlled by Triple Junction and Grain Boundary Mobility". Metals 8, n.º 12 (22 de noviembre de 2018): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8120977.
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The kinetics of a triple junction of grain boundaries with distinct specific energies and mobilities and a finite mobility of the triple junction is investigated. The microstructure is approximated by different 2D settings consisting of typical structural elements. First, the migration of the triple point together with the adjacent grain boundaries, is simulated, assuming that the grains are infinitely large. Secondly, growth or shrinkage of finite n-sided grains is simulated by altering the boundary conditions and the results are compared to the already published analytical solution. The numerical results coincide with the corrected analytical solution. This solution can be derived either by applying the principle of maximum dissipation, or by applying the force balance at the triple junction within the framework of linear irreversible thermodynamics. The change of the area of infinite and finite grains is investigated analytically and numerically. By comparing the results of both approaches, the influence of the initial topology of the structural elements on the kinetics of grain growth can be estimated. Furthermore, the kinetics of grain growth of different idealized grain boundary networks is investigated. It is shown that square shaped grains surrounded by hexagons and dodecagons result in a more realistic grain growth scenarios than squares surrounded by octagons. A deviation from idealized grain boundary arrangements is e.g., observed, due to different triple junction mobilities, and the initially n-sided regular grain deforms in a complex manner.
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Romonți-Maniu, Andreea-Ioana. "Enhancing intercultural sensitivity: the impact of Erasmus+ mobilities on future Romanian leaders". Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Negotia 66, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2021): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbnegotia.2021.1.02.
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"Video communication platforms have steadily risen in popularity in the last two decades, experiencing an exponential growth beginning with 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The main goal of this study was to explore the mechanism through which antecedents represented by utilitarian value, satisfaction, and privacy risk influence the reuse intention of the Zoom communication platform. A sample of 421 Romanian persons in the 18-26 age group was formed and data were collected using an online survey. Accounting for the reflective nature of the factors considered in this study, data analysis involved covariance-based structural equation modeling done in AMOS. Findings show that while utilitarian value and satisfaction both positively affect reuse intention, privacy risk negatively influences the same behavior. Thus, researchers and practitioners can better comprehend elements determining users’ loyalty of the Zoom platform. Keywords: Zoom platform, utilitarian value, satisfaction, privacy risk, reuse intention. JEL classification: L86, M39. "
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Jin, Cheng y Jing Xu. "Using user-generated content data to analyze tourist mobility between hotels and attractions in cities". Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, n.º 5 (13 de noviembre de 2018): 826–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318811666.
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Attractions and hotels are the two most important elements in tourism activities. However, there is a lack of in-depth analysis of tourist mobility between hotels and attractions. Meanwhile, new means of data collection are opening up opportunities for disclosing the mobility patterns between hotels and attractions. This paper aims at analyzing the network structures and mobility models of tourist mobility from attractions to hotels (TMAH) and tourist mobility from hotels to attractions (TMHA), by using the user-generated content data collated from an open tourism web service. Then the differences between the two tourist mobilities are compared. Through the empirical study of Nanjing, it is found that the influence of distance on the two mobilities is different. The distance has a significant influence on TMAH, and the mobility conforms to the power law distribution. TMHA is more influenced by the ranks of hotels and attractions, and the mobility confirms to the gravity model. The highlight of this paper is to use the new network data to reveal the network structure and mobility laws of the special tourist mobility between hotels and attractions from the perspective of difference comparison.
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Clausen, Helene Balslev. "North American Migrants Working as Tour Guides in Alamos in Mexico Mobilities and Imaginaries". Diálogos Latinoamericanos 14, n.º 21 (21 de diciembre de 2013): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dl.v14i21.113257.
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The article focuses on the guide’s narratives and practices when guiding “HouseTours” that is the most visited tourist attraction in the Mexican town. We argue thatthese guides provide narratives about concrete imaginaries that constitute not onlyauthenticity but also utopia – that we consider one of the core elements in tourismimaginaries. The guides inscribe themselves in the utopian imaginaries in the Westernhemisphere that continue to be essential in the socio-cultural and political constructionof society. We conclude that these tourism imaginaries of places (and people) cannotbe considered only as commoditized representations with a symbolic content. Alamosdisplays that way the significant connections that exist in terms of both representationsand mobilities.
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Honeck, Thomas. "A touch of post-truth: the roles of narratives in urban policy mobilities". Geographica Helvetica 73, n.º 2 (4 de abril de 2018): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-73-133-2018.
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Abstract. This paper characterizes different types of policy narratives that influence the trans-local motion of urban policies and elaborates on their relations. The paper first introduces conceptual and methodological recommendations from policy narrative literature to debates on policy mobility. In an empirical section, it then analyzes narratives that support policies on temporary use of vacant lands and buildings in the German cities of Berlin and Stuttgart. Based on semi-structured interviews with experts and document reviews, the paper finds different, partly competing narratives on temporary use in both case study cities. It identifies their typical elements, categorising them by form and content. Referential narratives are understood as connecters between different cities and influencers of policy mobility. Finally, the paper shows how narratives work with association as well as imagination and thus emphasize the non-factual, yet inherent aspects of relational policy making.
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Ward, Kevin. "Policy mobilities, politics and place: The making of financial urban futures". European Urban and Regional Studies 25, n.º 3 (19 de septiembre de 2017): 266–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776417731405.
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The comparative and extrospective nature of contemporary urban policy-making is one that has demanded our attention in recent years. Relatively long established and formal inter-urban networks of professionals of one sort or another have been joined by activists, consultants, financiers, lawyers and think tankers who have involved themselves in the arriving at, and making up of, urban policy. Through conferences, documents, knowledge banks, policy tourism, power-points and webinars, an emergent informational infrastructure has emerged to shape and structure the circulations and making of policy-making across a numbers of areas. From aging to creativity, climate change to drugs, education to transport, urban policies in different spheres have been rendered mobile. There is political work of adaptation, mediation and translation that has to be done to move policies from one location to another, of course. In some cases these policies appear in a range of locations, while in others they do not, a reminder – if one was needed – that those involved in the making up of policy are not always able to render all elements of the future under their control. This emphasis on the relational and territorial geographies of global-urban policy-making captures some of the issues facing those who lead cities. This paper sets out some of the intellectial challenges for those working on these issues, highlighting some potentially fruitful ways forward, illustrating the main arguments through the use of Tax Increment Financing, a financial value-capturing model.
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Tuñón Pablos, Esperanza y Ariadna Martínez Olvera. "Experiencias nostálgicas de migrantes mexicanos en Nueva York". Migraciones internacionales 10 (1 de enero de 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2198.
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This article analyzes the nostalgic experiences of Mexican immigrants in the state of New York. From a new approach to mobilities paradigm, we propose a focus on the emotional aspects of migration to reveal the internal conflicts that emerge when migrants seek to adapt to the lifestyle of their destination country, while trying not to lose their cultural roots, and how this inner tension influences the interactions in their everyday doings and emotions. Based on the narratives exposed in 35 interviews with Mexican immigrants living at the destination country, this qualitative study provides elements for the understanding of nostalgic experiences derived from the painful process of leaving their home country.
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Schieck, R., A. Hartmann, S. Fiechter, R. Könenkamp y H. Wetzel. "Electrical properties of natural and synthetic pyrite (FeS2) crystals". Journal of Materials Research 5, n.º 7 (julio de 1990): 1567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.1567.
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We have prepared a series of syntheticn-type pyrite (FeS2) crystals by chemical vapor transport and high temperature solution growth. These and natural crystals were characterized with respect to Hall mobility, carrier concentration, and conductivity, and chemically analyzed by mass spectroscopy and atomic emission spectroscopy. The results are compared in detail to previous work on natural crystals. Conductivity and carrier concentration in our measurements varied between 0.05 and 3.5 (Ω cm)−1and between 6.9·1015and 5.4·1017cm−3, respectively. The peak mobilities have values ranging from 100 to 2000 cm2/Vs. We find that sulfur deficiency and a number of impurity elements, such as Si, Cu, and Al, can qualitatively account for the trends in the electronic properties.
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Wang, Junfang, Cheuk Ming Mak y Yi Yun. "A methodology for direct identification of characteristic wave-types in a finite periodic dual-layer structure with transverse connection". Journal of Vibration and Control 18, n.º 9 (5 de octubre de 2011): 1406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546311419699.
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In a companion paper the phenomenon of flexural-longitudinal wave coupling in an infinite dual-beam periodic structure with transverse connection is investigated. The remarkable finding obtained that there was such a periodic structure which conveyed fundamentally three symmetric and three antisymmetric characteristic coupled waves. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to realize the direct identification of characteristic waves from the responses of a finite periodic structure. This represents a considerable departure from traditional methods, in which the assumption of infinite dimension of a periodic structure is implied. It is the inverse process of the traditional studies which obtain characteristic wave-types based on the assumption and then continue the studies with the wave-types. A general expression for the individual transition matrix of one periodic element is defined and derived from two adjacent junction-mobilities of a finite periodic structure. A common transition matrix for all elements is then constructed using responses based on the mathematical analysis of the relations between responses or junction-mobilities, individual transition matrices and characteristic wave-types. Finally, a specific experimental structure and approach was designed to extract the characteristic waves from the responses. All the symmetrical and antisymmetrical characteristic wave-types, except the pairing of near-field wave-types, are extracted from the common transition matrix of the finite periodic structure, demonstrating the feasibility of the method presented.
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Liu, Z. Y., M. E. Sanders y V. W. Hu. "Effect of complement on the lateral mobility of erythrocyte membrane proteins. Evidence for terminal complex interaction with cytoskeletal components." Journal of Immunology 142, n.º 7 (1 de abril de 1989): 2370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.142.7.2370.
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Abstract The lateral mobilities of erythrocyte membrane proteins and terminal complement complexes (TCC) were measured on C-treated erythrocyte ghosts by the technique of fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching. Results showed that the lateral diffusion coefficient of the bulk membrane proteins decreased with the assembly of TCC on the membrane at low C dose and was significantly reduced with assembly of the full membrane attack complex (C5b-9), even in the absence of cell lysis. At high serum doses, the mobility of the membrane proteins increased slightly above that of the control cells. The diffusion coefficients of the TCC on the erythrocyte membrane range from 1.18 to 4.37 x 10(-11) cm2/s, values characteristic of anchored membrane proteins. Spectrin-depletion of the C-lysed erythrocytes results in 25- and 45-fold increases in the diffusion coefficients of the membrane proteins and the C5b-9 complex, respectively. Conversely, oxidative cross-linking of spectrin by diamide reduced the diffusion coefficients of both membrane and C proteins. These studies indicate that the deposition of TCC on an erythrocyte can result in a substantial change in the physical and structural properties of the target membrane, aside from the creation of functional lesions. The low mobilities of the terminal complexes on the target membrane suggest possible interactions with cytoskeletal elements or with anchored membrane proteins.
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Nelson, Mallory Kay, Ashley Shew y Bethany Stevens. "Transmobility: Possibilities in Cyborg (Cripborg) Bodies". Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 5, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v5i1.29617.
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This creative, experimental contribution blends written words and sketches depicting our crip bodies engaging with various mobility technologies, including crutches, walkers, prosthetic limbs, and manual and power wheelchairs. By picturing and describing our crip bodies with varieties of technologies that we use, we use these pictures and corresponding narratives about disabled bodies in technology to tell a larger story about the constitution of disability with technologies, as well as the modes of mobility available to disabled bodies. Our visual and narrative elements serve to argue that disabled bodies have a wider array of mobilities and ways of being than are afforded to non-disabled bodies. We resist super-crippery and insist on cripborgery. Crip bodies are taken as sites of possibility, adaptation, and creative reflection.
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Mattigod, S. V., P. F. Pratt y E. B. Schalscha. "Trace Metal Speciation in a Soil Profile Irrigated with Waste Waters". Water Science and Technology 17, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 1985): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0087.
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A chemical equilibrium computer model: GEOCHEM, was used to predict the trace metal behavior in a soil profile if subjected to a long-term irrigation with waste waters. Various categories of interactions such as acid-base equilibria, soluble complex formation of metals with organic and inorganic ligands, dissolution-precipitation reactions and ion-exchange reactions were included in simulation. The metal-soluble organic interactions were accounted for by a mixture model. The computations included a 10 metal - 15 ligand system with 262 soluble complex species and 21 possible solid phases. The results predicted that a major fraction of alkali elements in solution tend to be in free ionic forms, whereas, major fractions of the alkaline earths were predicted to be present in adsorbed and/or precipitated forms. In marked contrast, significant soluble fractions of transition series metals were predicted to be in adsorbed and/or complexed forms. The degree of attenuation of these transition series elements moving through the soil profile seems to be governed mainly by the degree of adsorption on soil surfaces and the tendency of these elements to form soluble organic complexes. The predicted mobilities of these elements in this soil profile was Cu > Ni > Zn > Cd. Application of this equilibrium model appears to provide a first approximation approach to simulate the trace element behavior in soil profiles.
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Vannini, Phillip y April Vannini. "These Boardwalks Were Made for Bushwalking: Disentangling Grounds, Surfaces, and Walking Experiences". Space and Culture 21, n.º 1 (4 de enero de 2018): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331217749127.
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What matter is walking ground made of? And how does such ground matter? What is the relationship between walking surfaces and people’s experience of natural landscapes? And how do different ground surfaces enact different meshworks of conservation politics, mobility, and tourism infrastructure? Drawing from nonrepresentational theory and from audiovisual fieldwork conducted in and around Australia’s Cradle Mountain, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, this article and its accompanying video focus on the materials of walking trails to understand the relations among walking, the built environment, and the sensory and affective experience of place. Arguing that trails and trail surfaces—and boardwalks in particular—serve as influential material conduits for variously contested outdoor recreation mobilities, this article develops the argument that pathways are elements in the world’s transformation of itself.
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Swartz, Ellen A., A. Daniel Johnson y Gary K. Owens. "Two MCAT elements of the SM α-actin promoter function differentially in SM vs. non-SM cells". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 275, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 1998): C608—C618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.2.c608.
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Transcriptional activity of the smooth muscle (SM) α-actin gene is differentially regulated in SM vs. non-SM cells. Contained within the rat SM α-actin promoter are two MCAT motifs, binding sites for transcription enhancer factor 1 (TEF-1) transcriptional factors implicated in the regulation of many muscle-specific genes. Transfections of SM α-actin promoter-CAT constructs containing wild-type or mutagenized MCAT elements were performed to evaluate their functional significance. Mutation of the MCAT elements resulted in increased transcriptional activity in SM cells, whereas these mutations either had no effect or decreased activity in L6 myotubes or endothelial cells. High-resolution gel shift assays resolved several complexes of different mobilities that were formed between MCAT oligonucleotides and nuclear extracts from the different cell types, although no single band was unique to SM. Western blot analysis of nuclear extracts with polyclonal antibodies to conserved domains of the TEF-1 gene family revealed multiple reactive bands, some that were similar and others that differed between SM and non-SM. Supershift assays with a polyclonal antibody to the TEF-related protein family demonstrated that TEF-1 or TEF-1-related proteins were contained in the shifted complexes. Results suggest that the MCAT elements may contribute to cell type-specific regulation of the SM α-actin gene. However, it remains to be determined whether the differential transcriptional activity of MCAT elements in SM vs. non-SM is due to differences in expression of TEF-1 or TEF-1-related proteins or to unique (cell type specific) combinatorial interactions of the MCAT elements with other cis-elements and trans-factors.
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Howitt, D. G. y D. L. Medlin. "Beam Induced Composition Modifications During Electron Beam Microanalysis". Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (julio de 1998): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600021267.
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The most common cause of composition modification to a specimen during electron probe microanalysis is the field induced migration of light elements. This is an indirect effect which occurs in response to the long range electric fields that form when dielectric specimens suffer charge imbalance. The result is that the ions are redistributed within the sample according to their respective mobilities and the affect is enhanced rather than eliminated when the sample is coated. The ions typically move radially outward in thin samples because of the excess production of secondary electrons from the specimen surfaces, Cazaux(1986)and downwards in conventional SEM samples when the field is due primarily to the deposition of electrons within the bulk of the specimenField induced migration is responsible for most of the elemental signal variations observed during the microanalysis of silicate glasses containing sodium or potassium ions.
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Gibbs, B. M., D. Thompson y B. B. Argent. "A thermodynamic equilibrium comparison of the mobilities of trace elements when washed and unwashed coals are burnt under pf firing conditions". Fuel 83, n.º 17-18 (diciembre de 2004): 2271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2004.06.022.
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Milne, Ricky J., Christina E. Offler, John W. Patrick y Christopher P. L. Grof. "Cellular pathways of source leaf phloem loading and phloem unloading in developing stems of Sorghum bicolor in relation to stem sucrose storage". Functional Plant Biology 42, n.º 10 (2015): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp15133.
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Cellular pathways of phloem loading in source leaves and phloem unloading in stems of sweet Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench were deduced from histochemical determinations of cell wall composition and from the relative radial mobilities of fluorescent tracer dyes exiting vascular pipelines. The cell walls of small vascular bundles in source leaves, the predicted site of phloem loading, contained minimal quantities of lignin and suberin. A phloem-loaded symplasmic tracer, carboxyfluorescein, was retained within the collection phloem, indicating symplasmic isolation. Together, these findings suggested that phloem loading in source leaves occurs apoplasmically. Lignin was restricted to the walls of protoxylem elements located in meristematic, elongating and recently elongated regions of the stem. The apoplasmic tracer, 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, moved radially from the transpiration stream, consistent with phloem and storage parenchyma cells being interconnected by an apoplasmic pathway. The major phase of sucrose accumulation in mature stems coincided with heavy lignification and suberisation of sclerenchyma sheath cell walls restricting apoplasmic tracer movement from the phloem to storage parenchyma apoplasms. Phloem unloading at this stage of stem development followed a symplasmic route linking sieve elements and storage parenchyma cells, as confirmed by the phloem-delivered symplasmic tracer, 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, moving radially from the stem phloem.
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Barrales-Mora, L. A., Lasar S. Shvindlerman, Volker Mohles y Günter Gottstein. "The Effect of Grain Boundary Junctions on Grain Microstructure Evolution: 3D Vertex Simulation". Materials Science Forum 558-559 (octubre de 2007): 1051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.1051.
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A 3D Vertex Model has been successfully implemented to investigate the evolution of a special grain assembly during grain growth. The model considers the mean curvature as driving force for the motion of the vertices and allows the consideration of all parameters affecting the motion of the system, i.e., grain boundary energy and line tension of the triple lines, as well as grain boundary (GB), triple line (TL) and quadruple point (QP) mobility as well. The used special configuration makes it possible to study the influence of all structural elements of a grain boundary network on the evolution of the system by allowing the steady-state motion of the boundaries of a shrinking grain. In the present work the different mobilities have been systematically varied and the evolution of the grain size with time has been studied as a function of TL and QP mobility. The results of the simulations are finally linked to the different kinetic regimes reached by the system.
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Paling, Willem. "Planning a Future for Phnom Penh: Mega Projects, Aid Dependence and Disjointed Governance". Urban Studies 49, n.º 13 (2 de agosto de 2012): 2889–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098012452457.
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This paper presents an analysis of the growth and diversification of international involvement in urban planning and development in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Over the past decade, a multiplicity of mainly intra-Asian connections have emerged alongside the continued involvement of Western donor aid. The paper shows how various forms of international finance capital, development capital and local capital vie for influence amongst a loose assemblage of alliances and conflicts linking elements of the Cambodian government, international donors and Cambodian and intra-Asian private-sector actors. The paper highlights the on-going efforts of government–private-sector alliances to ‘world’ Phnom Penh and to assert a greater claim to its significance in the world. These desires are seen to have overridden plans produced in partnership with the development sector. Attention is drawn to the intra-Asian mobilities through which these processes operate and which, in doing so, contribute to the on-going unsettling of existing geographies of urban knowledge.
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Taylor, P. Craig. "Chalcogenide Glasses". MRS Bulletin 12, n.º 5 (agosto de 1987): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940006749x.
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Although there are some significant exceptions, most important glass-forming systems contain elements from the sixth, or chalcogenide, column of the periodic table (oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium). The glasses which contain oxygen are typically insulators, while those which contain the heavier chalcogen elements are usually semiconductors. Even though oxygen is technically a chalcogen element, the term “chalcogenide glass” is commonly used to denote those largely covalent, semiconducting glasses which contain sulfur, selenium, or tellurium as one of the constituents.The chalcogenide glasses are called semiconducting glasses because of their electrical properties. The electrical conductivity in these glasses depends exponentially on the temperature with an activation energy which is approximately one half of the optical gap. In this sense these glasses exhibit electrical properties similar to those in intrinsic crystalline semiconductors. The analogy is by no means perfect. The mobilities for the charge carriers in these glasses are very low (< 10 cm2/V-s) compared to crystalline semiconductors, and there are even discrepancies in determining the sign of the charge carriers from measurements of the Hall effect and the Seebeck effect.The first detailed studies of the chalcogenide glasses were performed about 30 years ago. For many years the prototype compositions have been selenium (Se), arsenic triselenide (As2Se3) or arsenic trisulfide (As2S3), and germanium diselenide (GeSe2) or germanium disulfide (GeS2).
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Bonner, J. J., C. Ballou y D. L. Fackenthal. "Interactions between DNA-bound trimers of the yeast heat shock factor". Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, n.º 1 (enero de 1994): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.1.501-508.1994.
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The heat shock transcription factor (HSF) is a trimer that binds to DNA containing inverted repeats of the sequence nGAAn. HSF can bind DNA with the sequence nGAAnnTTCn or with the sequence nTTCnnGAAn, with little preference for either sequence over the other. However, (nGAAnnTTCn)2 is considerably less active as a heat shock response element (HSE) than is (nTTCnnGAAn)2. The electrophoretic mobilities of DNA-protein complexes and chemical cross-linking between protein monomers indicate that the sequence (nGAAnnTTCn)2 is capable of binding a single HSF trimer. In contrast, the sequence with higher biological activity, (nTTCnnGAAn)2, is capable of binding two trimers. Thus, the ability of four-nGAAn-element HSEs to bind one or two trimers depends on the permutation with which the elements are presented. A survey of naturally occurring HSEs shows the sequence (nTTCnnGAAn)2 to be the more prevalent. We suggest that the greater ability of one permutation over the other to bind two HSF trimers accounts for the initial identification of the naturally occurring heat shock consensus sequence as a region of dyad symmetry.
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Bonner, J. J., C. Ballou y D. L. Fackenthal. "Interactions between DNA-bound trimers of the yeast heat shock factor." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, n.º 1 (enero de 1994): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.1.501.
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The heat shock transcription factor (HSF) is a trimer that binds to DNA containing inverted repeats of the sequence nGAAn. HSF can bind DNA with the sequence nGAAnnTTCn or with the sequence nTTCnnGAAn, with little preference for either sequence over the other. However, (nGAAnnTTCn)2 is considerably less active as a heat shock response element (HSE) than is (nTTCnnGAAn)2. The electrophoretic mobilities of DNA-protein complexes and chemical cross-linking between protein monomers indicate that the sequence (nGAAnnTTCn)2 is capable of binding a single HSF trimer. In contrast, the sequence with higher biological activity, (nTTCnnGAAn)2, is capable of binding two trimers. Thus, the ability of four-nGAAn-element HSEs to bind one or two trimers depends on the permutation with which the elements are presented. A survey of naturally occurring HSEs shows the sequence (nTTCnnGAAn)2 to be the more prevalent. We suggest that the greater ability of one permutation over the other to bind two HSF trimers accounts for the initial identification of the naturally occurring heat shock consensus sequence as a region of dyad symmetry.
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Lammers, J. H., H. H. Offenberg, M. van Aalderen, A. C. Vink, A. J. Dietrich y C. Heyting. "The gene encoding a major component of the lateral elements of synaptonemal complexes of the rat is related to X-linked lymphocyte-regulated genes". Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, n.º 2 (febrero de 1994): 1137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.2.1137-1146.1994.
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The lateral elements of synaptonemal complexes (SCs) of the rat contain major components with relative electrophoretic mobilities (M(r)S) of 30,000 and 33,000. After one-dimensional separation of SC proteins on polyacrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, these components show up as two broad bands. These bands contain closely related proteins, as judged from their peptide maps and immunological reactivity. Using affinity-purified polyclonal anti-30,000- and anti-33,000-M(r) component antibodies, we isolated a cDNA encoding at least one of the 30,000- or 33,000-M(r) SC components. The protein predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA, called SCP3 (for synaptonemal complex protein 3), has a molecular mass of 29.7 kDa and a pI value of 9.4. It has a potential nucleotide binding site and contains stretches that are predicted to be capable of forming coiled-coil structures. In the male rat, the gene encoding SCP3 is transcribed exclusively in the testis. SCP3 has significant amino acid similarity to the pM1 protein, which is one of the predicted products of an X-linked lymphocyte-regulated gene family of the mouse: there are 63% amino acid sequence similarity and 35% amino acid identity between the SCP3 and pM1 proteins. However, SCP3 differs from pM1 in several respects, and whether the proteins fulfill related functions is still an open question.
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Lammers, J. H., H. H. Offenberg, M. van Aalderen, A. C. Vink, A. J. Dietrich y C. Heyting. "The gene encoding a major component of the lateral elements of synaptonemal complexes of the rat is related to X-linked lymphocyte-regulated genes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, n.º 2 (febrero de 1994): 1137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.2.1137.
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The lateral elements of synaptonemal complexes (SCs) of the rat contain major components with relative electrophoretic mobilities (M(r)S) of 30,000 and 33,000. After one-dimensional separation of SC proteins on polyacrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, these components show up as two broad bands. These bands contain closely related proteins, as judged from their peptide maps and immunological reactivity. Using affinity-purified polyclonal anti-30,000- and anti-33,000-M(r) component antibodies, we isolated a cDNA encoding at least one of the 30,000- or 33,000-M(r) SC components. The protein predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA, called SCP3 (for synaptonemal complex protein 3), has a molecular mass of 29.7 kDa and a pI value of 9.4. It has a potential nucleotide binding site and contains stretches that are predicted to be capable of forming coiled-coil structures. In the male rat, the gene encoding SCP3 is transcribed exclusively in the testis. SCP3 has significant amino acid similarity to the pM1 protein, which is one of the predicted products of an X-linked lymphocyte-regulated gene family of the mouse: there are 63% amino acid sequence similarity and 35% amino acid identity between the SCP3 and pM1 proteins. However, SCP3 differs from pM1 in several respects, and whether the proteins fulfill related functions is still an open question.
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Galson, D. L., T. Tsuchiya, D. S. Tendler, L. E. Huang, Y. Ren, T. Ogura y H. F. Bunn. "The orphan receptor hepatic nuclear factor 4 functions as a transcriptional activator for tissue-specific and hypoxia-specific erythropoietin gene expression and is antagonized by EAR3/COUP-TF1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, n.º 4 (abril de 1995): 2135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.4.2135.
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The erythropoietin (Epo) gene is regulated by hypoxia-inducible cis-acting elements in the promoter and in a 3' enhancer, both of which contain consensus hexanucleotide hormone receptor response elements which are important for function. A group of 11 orphan nuclear receptors, transcribed and translated in vitro, were screened by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Of these, hepatic nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4), TR2-11, ROR alpha 1, and EAR3/COUP-TF1 bound specifically to the response elements in the Epo promoter and enhancer and, except for ROR alpha 1, formed DNA-protein complexes that had mobilities similar to those observed in nuclear extracts of the Epo-producing cell line Hep3B. Moreover, both anti-HNF-4 and anti-COUP antibodies were able to supershift complexes in Hep3B nuclear extracts. Like Epo, HNF-4 is expressed in kidney, liver, and Hep3B cells but not in HeLa cells. Transfection of a plasmid expressing HNF-4 into HeLa cells enabled an eightfold increase in the hypoxic induction of a luciferase reporter construct which contains the minimal Epo enhancer and Epo promoter, provided that the nuclear hormone receptor consensus DNA elements in both the promoter and the enhancer were intact. The augmentation by HNF-4 in HeLa cells could be abrogated by cotransfection with HNF-4 delta C, which retains the DNA binding domain of HNF-4 but lacks the C-terminal activation domain. Moreover, the hypoxia-induced expression of the endogenous Epo gene was significantly inhibited in Hep3B cells stably transfected with HNF-4 delta C. On the other hand, cotransfection of EAR3/COUP-TF1 and the Epo reporter either with HNF-4 into HeLa cells or alone into Hep3B cells suppressed the hypoxia induction of the Epo reporter. These electrophoretic mobility shift assay and functional experiments indicate that HNF-4 plays a critical positive role in the tissue-specific and hypoxia-inducible expression of the Epo gene, whereas the COUP family has a negative modulatory role.
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Ragavan, Shruti. "Between field and home: notes from the balcony". cultural geographies 28, n.º 4 (4 de junio de 2021): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14744740211020506.
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Balconies, windows and terraces have come to be identified as spaces with newfound meaning over the past year due to the Covid-19 pandemic and concomitant lockdowns. There was not only a marked increase in the use of these spaces, but more importantly a difference in the very nature of this use since March 2020. It is keeping this latter point in mind, that I make an attempt to understand the spatial mobilities afforded by the balcony in the area of ethnographic research. The street overlooking my balcony, situated amidst an urban village in the city of Delhi – one of my field sites, is composed of middle and lower-middle class residents, dairy farms and farmers, bovines and other nonhumans. In this note, through ethnographic observations, I reflect upon the balcony as constituting that liminal space between ‘field’ and ‘home’, as well as, as a spatial framing device which conditions and affects our observations and interactions. This is explored by examining two elements – the gendered nature of the space, and the notion of ‘distance and proximity’, through personal narratives of engaging-with the field, and subjects-objects of study in the city.
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Sager, Manfred. "Vertical Migrations in an Alpine Grassland Cambisol after Long-Term Sewage Sludge Application". Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 24, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2017): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2017-0011.
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Abstract Differences between vertical mobilities of nutrient and trace elements within a long-term sludge-treated and an adjacent untreated Alpine grassland cambisol were investigated by column experiments. The site had been intensely fertilized with urban sewage sludge for 10 years of 7.5 Mg/ha annually, whereas an adjacent site had been left untreated. A model column experiment was set up to investigate changes of permeabilities and trace element retentions at 0-20 cm and 20-60 cm layers thereof. Elution was performed with de-ionized water at amounts of expected rainfall at the sampling site (1000 mm), as well as with equal volume of manure after biogas production. Long-term sludge treatment increased organic carbon, formation of ammonium and nitrate, and increased vertical mobility of K, P, S, Cu, and Fe, but also slightly higher (below 10-fold) for Na, Sr, Ba, Ni and V. Additional application of manure was of minor effect, mainly upon nitrate formation, and upon leaching of Fe, Mn as well as Fe/Mn proportion. Prior addition of FeCl2 to the manure in order to increase sulfide precipitation, mainly affected the output of ammonia, but hardly the cations or anions (e.g. P) investigated.
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Dyment, J. C. "III–V compound semiconductors for communications". Canadian Journal of Physics 63, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 1985): 651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-101.
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III–V compound materials (such as GaAs, AlAs, InP, and their alloys) possess several unique properties that are ideally suited for the construction of novel light-emitting, detector, and transistor structures. Some of the key properties as well as the status of new crystal-growth techniques for III–V materials may be summarized as follows:alloys can be grown with continuous variation of bandgap (Eg) and index of refraction (n);the mobilities (μe) can be significantly higher than in silicon;the development of MBE, VPE, and MOCVD crystal growth techniques have enabled the sequential deposition of layers ≤10 nm in thickness with sharp interfaces (≤2 nm) between layers;highly uniform layers can now be grown over 5-cm dimensions with control of thickness and composition to better than a few percent.This paper reviews how these III–V material properties and crystal-growth techniques can be combined to achieve state-of-the-art laser, detector, and transistor devices.After reviewing the performance of these discrete devices, the progress achieved to date towards combining these elements to form optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEIC's) will be reviewed. Potential applications for both the discrete and integrated formats will be discussed.
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Takaesu, N. T., J. A. Lower, D. Yelon, E. J. Robertson y E. K. Bikoff. "In vivo functions mediated by the p41 isoform of the MHC class II-associated invariant chain." Journal of Immunology 158, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1997): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.158.1.187.
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Abstract We used a "hit and run" gene targeting strategy to generate mice expressing only the p41 isoform of the conserved invariant (Ii) chain associated with MHC class II molecules. In contrast to mutants expressing only p31 Ii chain, a small proportion of A(alpha)b A(beta)b molecules produced by these animals have reduced mobilities in SDS-PAGE and appear incompletely processed. Nonetheless, class II surface expression, peptide occupancy, CD4+ T cell maturation, and proliferative responses toward intact protein Ags are efficiently reconstituted. Moreover, spleen cells exclusively expressing p41 or p31 alone display equivalent dose-response curves in Ag presentation assays. Similar conclusions were reached analyzing mutants expressing two independent MHC haplotypes. Overall, these results demonstrate that Ii chain functional activities as a class II-specific chaperone are largely shared by p31 and p41 isoforms in the intact animal. Mutant mouse strains producing only p31 or p41 under control of endogenous regulatory elements responsible for constitutive and inducible Ii chain expression should prove useful for dissecting the contributions of these isoforms to diverse CD4+ T cell responses in vivo, such as those responsible for Ab production, inflammatory responses, autoimmune diseases, and protection against infectious agents.
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Luniov, S. V., P. F. Nazarchuk y O. V. Burban. "Electrical properties of strained germanium nanofilm". Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 22, n.º 2 (28 de mayo de 2021): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.22.2.313-320.
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Dependences of the concentration of intrinsic current carriers, electron and hole mobilities and specific conductivity for strained germanium nanofilms grown on the Si, Ge(0,64)Si(0,36) and Ge(0,9)Si(0,1) substrates with crystallographic orientation (001), on their thickness at different temperatures were calculated on the basis of the statistics of non-degenerate two-dimensional electron and hole gas in semiconductors. The electrical properties of such nanofilms are determined by the peculiarities of their band structure. It is established that the effects of dimensional quantization, the probability of which increases with decreasing temperature, become significant for germanium nanofilms with the thickness of d<7 nm. The presence of such effects explains the significant increase in the specific conductivity and the decrease in the intrinsic concentration of current carriers for these nanofilms. The electron and hole mobility in the investigated germanium nanofilms is lower in relation to such unstrained nanofilms. Only for the strained germanium nanofilm with the thickness of d> 50 nm grown on the Ge(0,9)Si(0,1) substrate, an increase in the hole mobility at room temperature of more than 1.5 times was obtained. The obtained results of the electrical properties of strained germanium nanofilms can be used in producing on their basis new elements of nanoelectronic.
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Durr Missau, Lucas. "Communication and Mobility: Mobile-Mediated Displacement Experiences in Buenos Aires". Revista Lusófona de Estudos Culturais 8, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2021): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/rlec.3156.
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This article aims to identify and describe the specificities of the urban mobility experience of inhabitants who use transportation apps to move around the city of Buenos Aires taking into account social, economic and cultural aspects of their experiences. We seek elements to understand how the use of these apps is part of people’s daily lives and, ultimately, to what extent it contributes to social inclusion, revealing the social aspects that are at stake. Intending to mobilize communication studies, theoretically, this paper articulates the new paradigm of mobilities in the social sciences with cultural studies. We accompanied nine participants of the study, from the first event of their days to the last, during a daily journey. When accompanying them around the city, the collection instruments included interviews and video recording of travel moments from the perspective of the participants themselves, who wore glasses with a hidden video camera. Based on the narratives of participants’ life stories during commuting, we describe how imagining, adapting and belonging to a strange and at times hostile environment relates to mobile-mediated travel experiences. Therefore, we describe processes in which the narratives about the experiences of migration and the daily flows of displacement are articulated with the mediation of transportation applications.
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Williams, Howard. "Rethinking Wat’s Dyke: A Monument’s Flow in a Hydraulic Frontier Zone". Offa's Dyke Journal 3 (23 de diciembre de 2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.23914/odj.v3i0.332.
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Britain’s second-longest early medieval monument – Wat’s Dyke – was a component of an early medieval hydraulic frontier zone rather than primarily serving as a symbol of power, a fixed territorial border or a military stop-line. Wat’s Dyke was not only created to monitor and control mobility over land, but specifically did so through its careful and strategic placement by linking, blocking and overlooking a range of watercourses and wetlands. By creating simplified comparative topographical maps of the key fluvial intersections and interactions of Wat’s Dyke for the first time, this article shows how the monument should not be understood as a discrete human-made entity, but as part of a landscape of flow over land and water, manipulating and managing anthropogenic and natural elements. Understanding Wat’s Dyke as part of a hydraulic frontier zone not only enhances appreciation of its integrated military, territorial, socio-economic and ideological functionality and significance, most likely the construction of the middle Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, it also theorises Wat’s Dyke as built to constitute and maintain control both across and along its line, and operating on multiple scales. Wat’s Dyke was built to manage localised, middle-range as well as long-distance mobilities via land and water through western Britain and beyond.
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Grava, Sandrine y Peter Philippsen. "Dynamics of Multiple Nuclei in Ashbya gossypii Hyphae Depend on the Control of Cytoplasmic Microtubules Length by Bik1, Kip2, Kip3, and Not on a Capture/Shrinkage Mechanism". Molecular Biology of the Cell 21, n.º 21 (noviembre de 2010): 3680–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-06-0527.
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Ashbya gossypii has a budding yeast-like genome but grows exclusively as multinucleated hyphae. In contrast to budding yeast where positioning of nuclei at the bud neck is a major function of cytoplasmic microtubules (cMTs), A. gossypii nuclei are constantly in motion and positioning is not an issue. To investigate the role of cMTs in nuclear oscillation and bypassing, we constructed mutants potentially affecting cMT lengths. Hyphae lacking the plus (+)end marker Bik1 or the kinesin Kip2 cannot polymerize long cMTs and lose wild-type nuclear movements. Interestingly, hyphae lacking the kinesin Kip3 display longer cMTs concomitant with increased nuclear oscillation and bypassing. Polymerization and depolymerization rates of cMTs are 3 times higher in A. gossypii than in budding yeast and cMT catastrophes are rare. Growing cMTs slide along the hyphal cortex and exert pulling forces on nuclei. Surprisingly, a capture/shrinkage mechanism seems to be absent in A. gossypii. cMTs reaching a hyphal tip do not shrink, and cMT +ends accumulate in hyphal tips. Thus, differences in cMT dynamics and length control between budding yeast and A. gossypii are key elements in the adaptation of the cMT cytoskeleton to much longer cells and much higher degrees of nuclear mobilities.
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McKee, P. M., W. J. Snodgrass, D. R. Hart, H. C. Duthie, J. H. McAndrews y W. Keller. "Sedimentation Rates and Sediment Core Profiles of 238U and 232Th Decay Chain Radionuclides in a Lake Affected by Uranium Mining and Milling". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1987): 390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-048.
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Radionuclide concentration profiles in sediment cores from three deep basins of Quirke Lake, Ontario, showed enrichment in the surficial layers related to the period of uranium mining in the watershed, based on sedimentation rates determined from a milling-related pH decline indicated by fossil diatoms. Recent sedimentation rates are 96 ± 7 to 185 ± 14 g∙m−2∙yr−1. 210Pb profiles could not be used to determine sedimentation rates due to loadings of 226Ra and 210Ph from mining and milling activities. Profiles of 238U and 232Th decay chain radionuclides showed an enrichment of 1–3 orders of magnitude in surficial sediments relative to background in deeper sediments. Radionudide levels in surficial sediments exceeded those reported in lake sediments in uncontaminated systems and, for some radionuclides, approached or equalled levels in sediments contaminated with uranium and radium refining residues. Radionudide activity ratios in the surficial layers of the Quirke Lake cores and in downstream sediments demonstrated the relative mobilities of the elements in the watershed. Net sediment loading rates for radionuclides in the three basins were 130–230 mg∙m−2∙yr−1 for U, 340–4000 Bq∙m−2∙yr−1 for other members of the 238U decay chain, and 210–530 Bq∙m−2∙yr−1 for 232Th and 228Th.
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Tang, Ying, Qing Chen y Anders Engström. "Kinetic Simulations of Diffusion-Controlled Phase Transformations in Cu-Based Alloys". Diffusion Foundations 15 (febrero de 2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.15.1.
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In this chapter, we present computational kinetics of diffusion-controlled phase transformations in Cu-based alloys, which becomes possible only most recently due to the establishment of the first atomic mobility database (MOBCU) for copper alloys. This database consists of 29 elements including most common ones for industrial copper alloys. It contains descriptions for both the liquid and Fcc_A1 phases. The database was developed through a hybrid CALPHAD approach based on experiments, first-principles calculations, and empirical rules. We demonstrate that by coupling the created mobility database with the existing compatible thermodynamic database (TCCU), all kinds of diffusivities in both solid and liquid solution phases in Cu-based alloys can be readily calculated. Furthermore, we have applied the combination of MOBCU and TCCU to simulate diffusion-controlled phenomena, such as solidification, nucleation, growth, and coarsening of precipitates by using the kinetic modules (DICTRA and TC-PRISMA) in the Thermo-Calc software package. Many examples of simulations for different alloys are shown and compared with experimental observations. The remarkable agreements between calculation and experimental results suggest that the atomic mobilities for Cu-based alloys have been satisfactorily described. This newly developed mobility database is expected to be continuously improved and extended in future and will provide fundamental kinetic data for computer-aided design of copper base alloys.
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Peimani, Nastaran y Hesam Kamalipour. "Assembling Transit Urban Design in the Global South: Urban Morphology in Relation to Forms of Urbanity and Informality in the Public Space Surrounding Transit Stations". Urban Science 6, n.º 1 (7 de marzo de 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci6010018.
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The imperative to address the challenge of transforming car-dependent cities and promoting sustainable mobilities requires that we engage with the relationships between urban morphology and forms of urbanity in public spaces surrounding transit nodes. While there has been a surge of interest in investigating the agency of urban planning and design in mitigating urban sprawl and its environmental impacts by creating mixed-use, dense, and walkable places, the extent to which the public space can enable streetlife intensity in proximity to transit remains underexplored. Through extensive urban mapping and comparison of two transit nodes in Tehran, this paper articulates the key morphological elements of building density, functional mix, and access networks, how they work in relation to forms of urbanity and informality in public space around stations, and what inferences can be made on how public space within station areas work in the context of rapidly urbanising cities compared to those in Western contexts. The nexus between functional mix, retail edges, and forms of urbanity has been found critical to the spatial configuration, performance, and transformation of transit station areas. Forms of informality have also been found integral to how public space works in the context of transit urban design. This paper contributes to the newfound accent on urban design dimensions concerning TODs in the context of less formal and more congested cities of the global South.