Bibliografías temáticas / Electron phase coherence length

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Electron phase coherence length"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Electron phase coherence length"

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Pouydebasque, A., A. G. Pogosov, M. V. Budantsev, D. K. Maude, A. E. Plotnikov, A. I. Toropov y J. C. Portal. "Electron phase coherence length in a lattice of antidots". Physica B: Condensed Matter 298, n.º 1-4 (abril de 2001): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(01)00320-9.

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Putzke, Carsten, Maja D. Bachmann, Philippa McGuinness, Elina Zhakina, Veronika Sunko, Marcin Konczykowski, Takashi Oka et al. "h/e oscillations in interlayer transport of delafossites". Science 368, n.º 6496 (11 de junio de 2020): 1234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay8413.

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Microstructures can be carefully designed to reveal the quantum phase of the wave-like nature of electrons in a metal. Here, we report phase-coherent oscillations of out-of-plane magnetoresistance in the layered delafossites PdCoO2 and PtCoO2. The oscillation period is equivalent to that determined by the magnetic flux quantum, h/e, threading an area defined by the atomic interlayer separation and the sample width, where h is Planck’s constant and e is the charge of an electron. The phase of the electron wave function appears robust over length scales exceeding 10 micrometers and persisting up to temperatures of T > 50 kelvin. We show that the experimental signal stems from a periodic field modulation of the out-of-plane hopping. These results demonstrate extraordinary single-particle quantum coherence lengths in delafossites.
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ALMASAN, C. C., G. A. LEVIN, E. CIMPOIASU, T. STEIN, C. L. ZHANG, M. C. DEANDRADE, M. B. MAPLE, HONG ZHENG, A. P. PAULIKAS y B. W. VEAL. "Relationship between Conductivity and Phase Coherence Length in Cuprates". International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, n.º 29n31 (20 de diciembre de 1999): 3618–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299003556.

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The large (102–105) and strongly temperature dependent resistive anisotropy η=(σab/σc)1/2 of cuprates perhaps holds the key to understanding their normal state in-plane σab and out-of-plane σc conductivities. It can be shown that η is determined by the ratio of the phase coherence lenghts ℓi in the respective directions: [Formula: see text]. In layered crystals in which the out-of-plane transport is incoherent, ℓc is fixed, equal to the interlayer spacing. As a result, the T-dependence of η is determined by that of ℓab, and vice versa, the in-plane phase coherence lenght can be obtained directly by measuring the resistive anisotropy. We present data for hole-doped YBa2Cu3Oy (6.3<y<6.9) and Y1-xPrxBa2O7-δ(0<x≤0.55) and show that σcb of crystals with different doping levels can be well described by a two parameter universal function of the in-plane phase coherence length. In the electron-doped Nd2-xCexCuO4-y, the dependence σab(η) indicates a crossover from incoherent transport in the c-direction.
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TRALLE, IGOR y WIOLETTA PAŚKO. "SPIN BALLISTIC TRANSPORT AND SPIN CURRENT OSCILLATIONS IN MESOSCOPIC LOOP STRUCTURES". International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, n.º 08n09 (10 de abril de 2007): 1674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207043415.

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In the paper a theory of quantum interference in a loop structure caused by spin coherent transport and the Larmor precession of the electron spin is presented. The 'spin ballistic' regime is supposed to occur when the phase relaxation length of the spin part of electron wave function is much greater than the phase relaxation length of the 'orbital' part. If magnetic fields in two arms of the structure are different, the spin part of the wave function acquires a phase shift due to spin precession around the field. If the structure length L is chosen to be [Formula: see text], It is possible to 'wash out' the quantum interference related to the phase coherence of the 'orbital part' of the wave function, retaining at the same time that related to the phase coherence of the spin part and to reveal the corresponding conductance oscillations. Different mechanisms of spin relaxation as well as their influence on the spin transport are considered. The quantum interference in the time-dependent magnetic field is also discussed and similarities between this effect and Josephson one, as well as their differences are considered.
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Hirai, Hiroshi, Susumu Komiyama, Kazuo Nakamura y Fumiyuki Nihey. "Phase-coherence length in a two-dimensional electron gas at high magnetic fields". Physica B: Condensed Matter 184, n.º 1-4 (febrero de 1993): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(93)90317-y.

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SUGAHARA, MASANORI y NIKOLAI N. BOGOLUBOV. "THEORY OF NO-FIELD QUANTUM HALL EFFECT BASED ON PHASE-CHARGE BOSON WAVE FUNCTION". Modern Physics Letters B 16, n.º 28n29 (20 de diciembre de 2002): 1083–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984902004615.

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The derivation of the non-magnetic Laughlin state and other macroscopic quantum states in the semi-localized 2D electron system in the network of circular molecular orbits is made by the study of zero-point plasma oscillation. In the imaginary time representation, the electric field is transformed to the vector potential. After the cancellation of the mean-field component of the inter-electron repulsive field with the ion-lattice field, the boson Hamiltonian with respect to the phase-charge fluctuation is obtained using a Chern–Simons gauge field. Based on the resultant boson wave function, the macroscopic quantum state in hole doping is found to lead to a superfluidity that is described by a coherent function when λΘ > λQ, and to the particle-number-definite state described by a Laughlin function when λQ > λΘ, where λΘ is the phase-coherence length and λQ is the incompressibility length.
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Levin, G. A., E. Cimpoiasu, H. Zheng, A. P. Paulikas, B. W. Veal, Shi Li, M. B. Maple y C. C. Almasan. "Conductivity and phase coherence length of single electrons in layered cuprates". Europhysics Letters (EPL) 57, n.º 1 (enero de 2002): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2002-00545-8.

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Kramer, B. y J. Mašek. "Influence of the phase coherence length on ballistic transport". Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter 76, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1989): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01307895.

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SUGAHARA, MASANORI y NIKOLAI N. BOGOLUBOV. "FIELD-THEORETIC FOUNDATION OF NO-FIELD QUANTUM HALL EFFECT". Modern Physics Letters B 16, n.º 18 (10 de agosto de 2002): 645–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984902004196.

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Recently, the authors discussed the possibility of the macroscopic quantum state similar to the Quantum Hall Effect in a semi-localized 2D electron system with a toroidal electron-wave amplitude in the absence of any magnetic field. In order to give the concrete statistical foundation of the study, the fermion-boson statistical transformation of the 2D electron system is made using a Chern–Simons gauge potential. Based on the solution of the resultant boson-type Hamiltonian, we construct the fermion-type solution via a unitary transformation. It is shown that the solution in the form of Laughlin function is stable when electrons form pairs. In the presence of hole doping, the pair Laughlin function leads to a representation of a superconducting state when the phase-coherence length λΘ exceeds the incompressibility length λQ, but when λΘ< λQ, it leads to a macroscopic quantum state characterized by particle-number definiteness.
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Hirai, Hiroshi, Susumu Komiyama, Kazuo Nakamura y Fumiyuki Nihey. "Proposed measurements of the phase‐coherence length in a two‐dimensional electron gas at high magnetic fields". Journal of Applied Physics 71, n.º 9 (mayo de 1992): 4390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350777.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Electron phase coherence length"

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Sutton, George M. y Oscar Biblarz. "Investigations of self-pumped phase conjugate laser beams and coherence length". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/24187.

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Ruess, Frank Joachim Physics Faculty of Science UNSW. "Atomically controlled device fabrication using STM". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Physics, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24855.

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We present the development of a novel, UHV-compatible device fabrication strategy for the realisation of nano- and atomic-scale devices in silicon by harnessing the atomic-resolution capability of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). We develop etched registration markers in the silicon substrate in combination with a custom-designed STM/ molecular beam epitaxy system (MBE) to solve one of the key problems in STM device fabrication ??? connecting devices, fabricated in UHV, to the outside world. Using hydrogen-based STM lithography in combination with phosphine, as a dopant source, and silicon MBE, we then go on to fabricate several planar Si:P devices on one chip, including control devices that demonstrate the efficiency of each stage of the fabrication process. We demonstrate that we can perform four terminal magnetoconductance measurements at cryogenic temperatures after ex-situ alignment of metal contacts to the buried device. Using this process, we demonstrate the lateral confinement of P dopants in a delta-doped plane to a line of width 90nm; and observe the cross-over from 2D to 1D magnetotransport. These measurements enable us to extract the wire width which is in excellent agreement with STM images of the patterned wire. We then create STM-patterned Si:P wires with widths from 90nm to 8nm that show ohmic conduction and low resistivities of 1 to 20 micro Ohm-cm respectively ??? some of the highest conductivity wires reported in silicon. We study the dominant scattering mechanisms in the wires and find that temperature-dependent magnetoconductance can be described by a combination of both 1D weak localisation and 1D electron-electron interaction theories with a potential crossover to strong localisation at lower temperatures. We present results from STM-patterned tunnel junctions with gap sizes of 50nm and 17nm exhibiting clean, non-linear characteristics. We also present preliminary conductance results from a 70nm long and 90nm wide dot between source-drain leads which show evidence of Coulomb blockade behaviour. The thesis demonstrates the viability of using STM lithography to make devices in silicon down to atomic-scale dimensions. In particular, we show the enormous potential of this technology to directly correlate images of the doped regions with ex-situ electrical device characteristics.
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3

Kabir, Amin. "Phase coherent photorefractive effect in II-VI semiconductor quantum wells and its application for optical coherence imaging". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282315981.

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Fairbanks, Matthew Stetson 1981. "Electron transport in micro to nanoscale solid state networks". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10585.

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xvi, 116 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
This dissertation focuses on low-dimensional electron transport phenomena in devices ranging from semiconductor electron 'billiards' to semimetal atomic clusters to gold nanoparticles. In each material system, the goal of this research is to understand how carrier transport occurs when many elements act in concert. In the semiconductor electron billiards, magnetoconductance fluctuations, the result of electron quantum interference within the device, are used as a probe of electron transport through arrays of one, two, and three connected billiards. By combining two established analysis techniques, this research demonstrates a novel method for determining the quantum energy level spacing in each of the arrays. That information in turn shows the extent (and limits) of the phase-coherent electron wavefunction in each of the devices. The use of the following two material systems, the semimetal atomic clusters and the gold nanoparticles, is inspired by the electron billiard results. First, the output of the simple, rectangular electron billiards, the magnetoconductance fluctuations, is quite generally found to be fractal. This research addresses the question of what output one might expect from a device with manifestly fractal geometry by simulating the electrical response of fractal resistor networks and by outlining a method to implement such devices in fractal aggregates of semimetal atomic clusters. Second, in gold nanoparticle arrays, the number of array elements can increase by orders of magnitude over the billiard arrays, all with the potential to stay in a similar, phase-coherent transport regime. The last portion of this dissertation details the fabrication of these nanoparticle-based devices and their electrical characteristics, which exhibit strong evidence for electron transport in the Coulomb-blockade regime. A sketch for further 'off-blockade' experiments to realize magnetoconductance fluctuations, i.e. phase-coherent electron phenomena, is presented.
Committee in charge: Jens Noeckel, Chairperson, Physics; Richard Taylor, Member, Physics; Heiner Linke, Member, Physics; David Strom, Member, Physics; James Hutchison, Outside Member, Chemistry
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Dongol, Amit. "Carrier Dynamics and Application of the Phase Coherent Photorefractive Effect in ZnSe Quantum Wells". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1396453493.

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Zhang, Yao. "Experimental Measurements by Antilocalization of the Interactions between Two-Dimensional Electron Systems and Magnetic Surface Species". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49020.

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Low-temperature weak-localization (WL) and antilocalization (AL) magnetotransport measurements are sensitive to electron interference, and thus can be used as a probe of quantum states. The spin-dependent interactions between controllable surface magnetism and itinerant electrons in a non-magnetic host provide insight for spin-based technologies, magnetic data storage and quantum information processing. This dissertation studies two different host systems, an In$_{0.53}$Ga$_{0.47}$As quantum well at a distance from the surface of a heterostructure, and an accumulation layer on an InAs surface. Both the systems are two-dimensional electron systems (2DESs), and possess prominent Rashba spin-orbit interaction caused by structural inversion asymmetry, which meets the prerequisites for AL. The surface local moments influence the surrounding electrons in two ways, increasing their spin-orbit scattering, and inducing magnetic spin-flip scattering, which carries information about magnetic interactions. The two effects modify the AL signals in opposing directions: the spin-flip scattering of electrons shrinks the signal, and requires a close proximity to the species, whereas the increase of spin-orbit scattering broadens and increases the signal. Accordingly, we only observe an increase in spin-orbit scattering in the study of the interactions between ferromagnetic Co$_{0.6}$Fe$_{0.4}$ nanopillars and the relatively distant InGaAs quantum well. With these CoFe nanopillars, a decrease in spin decoherence time is observed, attributed to the spatially varying magnetic field from the local moments. A good agreement between the data and a theoretical calculation suggests that the CoFe nanopillars also generate an appreciable average magnetic field normal to the surface, of value $\sim$ 35 G. We also performed a series of comparative AL measurements to experimentally investigate the interactions and spin-exchange between InAs surface accumulation electrons and local magnetic moments of rare earth ions Sm$^{3+}$, Gd$^{3+}$, Ho$^{3+}$, of transition metal ions Ni$^{2+}$, Co$^{2+}$, and Fe$^{3+}$, and of Ni$^{2+}$-, Co$^{2+}$-, and Fe$^{3+}$-phthalocyanines deposited on the surface. The deposited species generate magnetic scattering with magnitude dependent on their electron configurations and effective moments. Particularly for Fe$^{3+}$, the significant spin-flip scattering due to the outermost 3d shell and the fairly high magnetic moments modifies the AL signal into a WL signal. Experiments indicate a temperature-independent magnetic spin-flip scattering for most of the species except for Ho$^{3+}$ and Co$^{2+}$. Ho$^{3+}$ yields electron spin-flip rates proportional to the square root of temperature, resulting from transitions between closely spaced energy levels of spin-orbit multiplets. In the case of Co$^{2+}$, either a spin crossover or a spin-glass system forms, and hence spin-flip rates transit between two saturation regions as temperature varies. Concerning the spin-orbit scattering rate, we observe an increase for all the species, and the increase is correlated with the effective electric fields produced by the species. In both 2DESs, the inelastic time is inversely proportional to temperature, consistent with phase decoherence via the Nyquist mechanism. Our method provides a controlled way to probe the quantum spin interactions of 2DESs, either in a quantum well, or on the surface of InAs.
Ph. D.
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Gagnon, Justin. "Omnidirectional Phase Matching In Zero-Index Media". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42029.

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Since its inception, the field of nonlinear optics has only increased in importance as a result of a growing number of applications. The efficiency of all parametric nonlinear optical processes is limited by challenges associated with phase-matching requirements. To address this constraint, a variety of approaches, such as quasi-phase-matching, birefringent phase matching, and higher-order-mode phase matching have historically been used to phase-match interactions. However, the methods demonstrated to date suffer from the inconvenience of only being phase-matched for one specific arrangement of beams, typically co-propagating along the same axis. This stringency of the phase-matching requirement results in cumbersome optical configurations and large footprints for integrated devices. In this thesis, we show that phase-matching requirements in parametric nonlinear optical processes may be satisfied for all orientations of input and output beams when using zero-index media: a condition of omnidirectional phase matching. To validate this theory, we perform experimental demonstrations of phase matching for five separate FWM beam configurations to confirm this phenomenon. Our measurements constitute the first experimental observation of the simultaneous generation of a forward- and backward-propagating signal with respect to the pump beams in a medium longer than a free-space optical wavelength, allowing us to determine the coherence length of our four-wave-mixing process. Our demonstration includes nonlinear signal generation from spectrally distinct counter-propagating pump and probe beams, as well as the excitation of a parametric process with the probe beam's wave vector orthogonal to the wave vector of the pump beam. By sampling all of these beam configurations, our results explicitly demonstrate that the unique properties of zero-index media relax traditional phase-matching constraints, and provide strong experimental evidence for the existence of omnidirectional phase matching in zero-index media. This property can be exploited to facilitate nonlinear interactions and miniaturize nonlinear devices, and adds to the established exceptional properties of low-index materials.
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Cheaito, Bassam. "Contribution à l'étude de la supraconductivité anormale du composé EuMo6S8". Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10100.

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Etude de monocristaux de eumo::(6)s::(8) et d'echantillons frittes de yb::(1,2-x)eu::(x)mo::(6)s::(8) basee sur des mesures de transport sous pression et sous champ magnetique, des mesures de la susceptibilite magnetique et des mesures rpe; mise au point d'un dispositif automatise de mesures de transport. Correlations entre la temperature de transition structurale, la remontee de la resistivite a basse temperature et la transition supraconductrice sous pression; effets de la composition des echantillons frittes. Mise en evidence d'une valeur tres elevee du coefficient de chaleur massique electronique. Discussion des proprietes anormales dans le cadre d'un modele de melange de phases triclinique et rhomboedrique et d'un modele de supraconductivite propre
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Trionfi, Aaron James. "Electron phase coherence in mesoscopic normal metal wires". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/20656.

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Corrections to the classically predicted electrical conductivity in normal metals arise due to the quantum mechanical properties of the conduction electrons. These corrections provide multiple experimental tests of the conduction electrons' quantum phase coherence. I consider if independent measurements of the phase coherence via different corrections are quantitatively consistent, particularly in systems with spin-orbit or magnetic impurity scattering. More precisely, do independent quantum corrections to the classically predicted conductivity depend identically on the ubiquitous dephasing mechanisms in normal metals? I have inferred the coherence lengths from the weak localization magnetoresistance, magnetic field-dependence of time-dependent universal conductance fluctuations, and magnetic field-dependent universal conductance fluctuations, three observable quantum corrections, in quasi one- and two-dimensional AuPd wires and quasi-1D Ag and Au wires between 2 and 20 K. While the coherence lengths inferred from weak localization and time-dependent universal conductance fluctuations are in excellent quantitative agreement in AuPd, the strong quantitative agreement is apparently lost below a critical temperature in both Ag and Au. Such a disagreement is inconsistent with current theory and must be explained. I developed a hypothesis attributing the coherence length discrepancy seen in Ag and Au to a crossover from the saturated to unsaturated time-dependent conductance fluctuation regime. Two experimental tests were then employed to test this hypothesis. One test examined the effects of a changing spin-flip scattering rate in Au while the second examined how passivation of the two level systems responsible for time-dependent conductance fluctuations at the surface of a Au nanowire affects the inferred coherence lengths. The results of the two tests strongly indicate that the observed disagreement in Au (and likely Ag) is indeed due to a crossover from saturated to unsaturated time-dependent conductance fluctuations.
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Libros sobre el tema "Electron phase coherence length"

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Narlikar, A. V. Small Superconductors—Introduction. Editado por A. V. Narlikar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198738169.013.1.

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This article provides an overview of small superconductors, including some of the basic definitions, prominent characteristics, and important effects manifested by such materials. In particular, it discusses size effects, surface effects, electron-mean-free-path effects, phase slips, unusual vortex states, and proximity effects. The article first considers the two characteristic length scales of superconductors, namely the magnetic penetration depth and coherence length, before proceeding with an analysis of two size effects that account for how superconductivity responds when the bulk sample is made smaller and smaller in the nano range: the small size effects and the quantum size effects. It then examines other phenomena associated with small superconductors such as quantum fluctuations, Anderson limit, parity and shell effects, along with the behaviour of nanowires and ultra-thin fims. It also describes some of the experimental techniques commonly used in the synthesis of small superconductors.
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Brandes, Tobias y Stefan Kettemann. Anderson Localization And Its Ramifications: Disorder, Phase Coherence, and Electron Correlations. Springer, 2010.

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(Editor), Tobias Brandes y Stefan Kettemann (Editor), eds. Anderson Localization and Its Ramifications: Disorder, Phase Coherence, and Electron Correlations (Lecture Notes in Physics). Springer, 2003.

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Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Superfluidity and Superconductivity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0013.

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Chapter 13 addresses Bose condensation in superfluids (and superconductors), which involves the field operator ψ‎ having a c-number component (<ψ(x,t)>≠0), challenging number conservation. The nonlinear Gross-Pitaevskii equation is derived for this condensate wave function<ψ>=ψ−ψ˜, facilitating identification of the coherence length and the core region of vortex motion. The noncondensate Green’s function G˜1(1,1′)=−i<(ψ˜(1)ψ˜+(1′))+> and the nonvanishing anomalous correlation function F˜∗(2,1′)=−i<(ψ˜+(2)ψ˜+(1′))+> describe the dynamics and elementary excitations of the non-condensate states and are discussed in conjunction with Landau’s criterion for viscosity. Associated concepts of off-diagonal long-range order and the interpretation of <ψ> as a superfluid order parameter are also introduced. Anderson’s Bose-condensed state, as a phase-coherent wave packet superposition of number states, resolves issues of number conservation. Superconductivity involves bound Cooper pairs of electrons capable of Bose condensation and superfluid behavior. Correspondingly, the two-particle Green’s function has a term involving a product of anomalous bound-Cooper-pair condensate wave functions of the type F(1,2)=−i<(ψ(1)ψ(2))+>≠0, such that G2(1,2;1′,2′)=F(1,2)F+(1′,2′)+G˜2(1,2;1′,2′). Here, G˜2 describes the dynamics/excitations of the non-superfluid-condensate states, while nonvanishing F,F+ represent a phase-coherent wave packet superposition of Cooper-pair number states and off-diagonal long range order. Employing this form of G2 in the G1-equation couples the condensed state with the non-condensate excitations. Taken jointly with the dynamical equation for F(1,2), this leads to the Gorkov equations, encompassing the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) energy gap, critical temperature, and Bogoliubov-de Gennes eigenfunction Bogoliubons. Superconductor thermodynamics and critical magnetic field are discussed. For a weak magnetic field, the Gorkov-equations lead to Ginzburg–Landau theory and a nonlinear Schrödinger-like equation for the pair wave function and the associated supercurrent, along with identification of the Cooper pair density. Furthermore, Chapter 13 addresses the apparent lack of gauge invariance of London theory with an elegant variational analysis involving re-gauging the potentials, yielding a manifestly gauge invariant generalization of the London equation. Consistency with the equation of continuity implies the existence of Anderson’s acoustic normal mode, which is supplanted by the plasmon for Coulomb interaction. Type II superconductors and the penetration (and interaction) of quantized magnetic flux lines are also discussed. Finally, Chapter 13 addresses Josephson tunneling between superconductors.
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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Electron phase coherence length"

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Dietl, T. "Ge1-xMnxTe: phase coherence length". En New Data and Updates for IV-IV, III-V, II-VI and I-VII Compounds, their Mixed Crystals and Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors, 477. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14148-5_262.

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Rössler, U. "Pb1-xMnxSe: magnetoresistance, phase coherence length". En New Data and Updates for several Semiconductors with Chalcopyrite Structure, for several II-VI Compounds and diluted magnetic IV-VI Compounds, 99–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28531-8_71.

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Dietl, Tomasz, Witold Dobrowolski y Tomasz Story. "Pb1−x Eu x Te: phase coherence length". En New Data and Updates for I-VII, III-V, III-VI and IV-VI Compounds, 308. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48529-2_151.

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Oepts, D. y H. H. Weits. "Electron Bunch Phase Stability and Optical Interpulse Coherence in FELIX". En Free Electron Lasers 1997, II—35—II—36. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-82978-8.50120-2.

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Gerth, Ch, J. Feldhaus, K. Honkavaara, K. D. Kavanagh, Ph Piot, L. Plucinski, S. Schreiber y I. Will. "Bunch length and phase stability measurements at the TESLA test facility". En Free Electron Lasers 2002, 335–39. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-51417-2.50080-8.

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Krishnan, Kannan M. "Introduction to Materials Characterization, Analysis, and Metrology". En Principles of Materials Characterization and Metrology, 1–67. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830252.003.0001.

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Tailoring microstructures is central to materials development for any technological application. Microstructure includes information on the atomic, mesoscopic, and microscopic length scales, and its tailoring is enabled by characterization, which relates synthesis and processing of materials to their structure, properties, and performance. Typically, probe and signal radiations are used to characterize a specimen and their interactions may be elastic or inelastic, and coherent or incoherent. Probes are based on the electromagnetic spectrum, and their characteristics (e.g. energy, wavelength, momentum, polarization) define their interaction with matter, and determine the nature, scope, and details of any characterization method. Probes or signals, can also be electrons, ions, or neutrons. Characterization techniques are classified as spectroscopy, diffraction and scattering, and imaging and microscopy. Principal features of the materials, i.e. details of their electronic structure, including atomic mass, their crystallography, composition, phase, and morphology contribute to the observable signals. Criteria for technique selection also include penetration depth and mean free path, resolution, detection limits, potential damage to the specimen, and specimen preparation requirements; our goal is to maximize information while minimizing damage. Characterization methods find wide use across many disciplines including engineering, scinces, and art conservation.
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"1. Electrons on mesoscopic length scales: the role of the electron phase". En Electrons in Solids, 1–62. De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110438321-001.

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Varghese, Babu y Wiendelt Steenberge. "Path Length Resolved Dynamic Light Scattering Measurements with Suppressed Influence of Optical Properties Using Phase Modulated Low Coherence Interferometry". En Interferometry - Research and Applications in Science and Technology. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/37946.

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Bulatov, Vasily y Wei Cai. "Line Dislocation Dynamics". En Computer Simulations of Dislocations. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198526148.003.0015.

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In the preceding chapters we have discussed several computational approaches focused on the structure and motion of single dislocations. Here we turn our attention to collective motion of many dislocations, which is what the method of dislocation dynamics (DD) was designed for. Typical length and time scales of DD simulations are on the order of microns and seconds, similar to in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments where dislocations are observed to move in real time. In a way, DD simulations can be regarded as a computational counterpart of in situ TEM experiments. One very valuable aspect of such a “computational experiment” is that one has full control of the simulation conditions and access to the positions of all dislocation lines at any instant of time. Provided the dislocation model is realistic, DD simulations can offer important insights that help answer the fundamental questions in crystal plasticity, such as the origin of the complex dislocation patterns that emerge during plastic deformation and the relationship between microstructure, loading conditions and the mechanical strength of the crystal. So far, two approaches to dislocation dynamics simulations have emerged. In the line DD method to be discussed in this chapter, dislocations are represented as mathematical lines in an otherwise featureless host medium. An alternative approach is to rely on a continuous field of eigenstrains, in which regions of high strain gradients reveal the locations of the dislocation lines. This representation leads to the phase field DD approach, which will be discussed in Chapter 11. Line DD has certain similarities with the models discussed in the previous chapters, but, at the same time, is rather different from all of them. For example, the representation of dislocations by line segments in line DD method is similar to the kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) model of Chapter 9. However, having to deal with multiple dislocations on large length and times scales necessitates a more economical treatment of dislocations in the line DD method. Thus, line DD usually relies on less detailed discretization of dislocation lines and treats dislocation motion as deterministic.
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"where K = kelvin. Because of the low temperature elevation in the low dose range, radiation calorimetry is limited in practice to the dose range above 3 kGy. This small temperature elevation is the gross result of the complex process of radiation interaction with matter. The individual steps of this process depend on the type of radiation used. Another type of physical dose meter, one that is used more and more in research and in industrial practice, is the alanine/electron spin resonance (ESR) system. Stable free radicals produced by irradiation in a concentration propor­ tional to the radiation dose in samples of pure, dry alanine are measured by ESR spectroscopy. The alanine is usually mixed 4:1 with paraffin (26) or 1:1 with polystyrene (27) of analytical grade quality. Reproducible dose response curves are obtained in the extremely wide dose range of 1 Gy to 100 kGy. In principal, any reproducible change caused by irradiation of a medium can be used to measure the absorbed radiation dose. In practice, only those changes can be evaluated which are stable for a reasonable length of time and which can be reliably measured by standard procedures such as titration or spectrophotometry. The chemical change is usually expressed as the G value, which is a measure of the number of atoms, molecules, or ions produced ( + G) or destroyed ( -G ) by 100 eV of absorbed energy. In the new SI system of units the G value is expressed as per J instead of per 100 eV. An important reference dose meter in food irradiation is the ferrous sulfate or Fricke dose meter. It is based on the radiation-induced oxidation of ferrous ions (Fe + ) to ferric ions (Fe + ) and consists of measuring the increased optical absorbance of the ferric ions at the absorption peak of 305 nm. For 60Co gamma rays the G value for ferric ion yield is 15.6 Fe3+ ions per 100 eV, or 9.74 X 1017 ions/J; the yield for electrons at a dose rate of 108 Gy/sec is 13.0. Fricke dosimetry is useful in the range 3 Gy. The upper limit can be extended into the kGy range by adding CuS04, which reduces the G value from 15.6 to 0.65. There are many other systems, such as the ethanol-chlorobenzene dose meter, which is based on the formation of hydrochloric acid from chlorobenzene. The hydrochloric acid can be measured by titration or by its effect on the dielectric constant. The useful dose range of this system is 1-400 Gy. In the low dose range, down to 5 Gy, radiochromic dye dosimetry can be used. When the colorless solution of pararosaniline cyanide in 2-methoxyethanol and glacial acetic acid is irradiated, an intense red color develops with an absorption maximum at 549 nm. More recently proposed methods belonging to the group of liquid dose meter systems are listed in Table 3. PMA (polymethyl methacrylate) dose meters belong to the group of solid phase dose meters. Irradiation of PMMA (e.g., Perspex) induces an absorption". En Safety of Irradiated Foods, 50. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273168-39.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Electron phase coherence length"

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CRONIN-GOLOMB, MARK y AMMON YARIV. "Applications of forgiving coherence length requirements in passive phase conjugate mirrors". En Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.1985.tht3.

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Kajiwara, Koji, Zuyuan He y Kazuo Hotate. "Spatial Resolution Enhancement by External Phase Modulation in Long-length FBG Sensing System Based on Synthesis of Optical Coherence Function". En Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.2010.cfh2.

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Takemura, Riichiro, Michihiko Suhara, Takashi Oobo, Yasuyuki Miyamoto, Kazuhito Furuya y Yuji Nakamura. "High Temperature Estimation of Phase Coherent Length of Hot Electron Using GaInAs/InP Triple-Barrier Resonant Tunneling Diodes Grown by OMVPE". En 1996 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1996.a-7-4.

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Bhan, Chander, Kondragunta S. S. Rao y Prakash C. Mehta. "Coherence length measurement by phase conjugation: a novel technique". En Emerging OE Technologies, Bangalore, India, editado por Krishna Shenai, Ananth Selvarajan, C. K. N. Patel, C. N. R. Rao, B. S. Sonde y Vijai K. Tripathi. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.637033.

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FASOL, Gerhard. "Can We Reduce Electron-Electron Scattering to Increase Electron Coherence Length and Reduce Noise in Quantum Wave Devices?" En 1992 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1992.s-iii-13.

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Zhang, Shaoliang, Pooi Yuen Kam y Changyuan Yu. "Block Length Effect of Decision-Aided Maximum Likelihood Phase Estimation in Coherent Optical Communication Systems". En Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.2009.cmz3.

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Fukai, Y. K., S. Yamada y H. Nakano. "Saturation of Phase Coherence Length in GaAs/AlGaAs On-Facet Quantum Wires". En 1989 Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1989.d-7-ln7.

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Lin, Ming-wei, Igor Jovanovic, Yao-Li Liu y Shih-Hung Chen. "Quasi-phase-matched direct laser electron acceleration of variable-length electron bunches in plasma waveguides". En Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2014.fw5e.5.

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Tsuchiya, Takuma. "Extended coherence length of spatially oscillating electron-spin polarization in dilute-magnetic-semiconductor quantum wells". En THE PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS: Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS) 2012. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4848437.

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Chong, Changho, Takuya Suzuki, Atsushi Morosawa y Tooru Sakai. "Coherence Length Improvement by Quasi-Phase Continuous Tuning in Wavelength-Swept Laser Source for OCT". En Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/biomed.2008.bwf3.

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