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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Electric field intensity"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 29 de mayo de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Electric field intensity"

Tsuguliev, A. I. "Optoelectronic electric field intensity indicator". Ferroelectrics 69, n.º 1 (julio de 1986): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198608008135.

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Cui, Haoyang, Junjie Yang, Jundong Zeng y Zhong Tang. "Optical Limiting Using the Two-Photon Absorption Electrical Modulation Effect in HgCdTe Photodiode". Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/245310.

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The electrical modulation properties of the output intensity of two-photon absorption (TPA) pumping were analyzed in this paper. The frequency dispersion dependence of TPA and the electric field dependence of TPA were calculated using Wherrett theory model and Garcia theory model, respectively. Both predicted a dramatic variation of TPA coefficient which was attributed into the increasing of the transition rate. The output intensity of the laser pulse propagation in the pn junction device was calculated by using function-transfer method. It shows that the output intensity increases nonlinearly with increasing intensity of incident light and eventually reaches saturation. The output saturation intensity depends on the electric field strength; the greater the electric field, the smaller the output intensity. Consequently, the clamped saturation intensity can be controlled by the electric field. The prior advantage of electrical modulation is that the TPA can be varied extremely continuously, thus adjusting the output intensity in a wide range. This large change provides a manipulate method to control steady output intensity of TPA by adjusting electric field.

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Walker, M. A. y D. R. Stinebring. "Electric field representation of pulsar intensity spectra". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 362, n.º 4 (25 de agosto de 2005): 1279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09396.x.

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Buzinov, V. S., N. N. Iskhakova y V. A. Tishchenko. "Reference wide-band electric-field intensity meter". Measurement Techniques 33, n.º 10 (octubre de 1990): 1035–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00990526.

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Li, Wang y Zhou. "Adjusting Electric Field Intensity Using Hybridized Dielectric Metamolecule". Symmetry 11, n.º 10 (14 de octubre de 2019): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11101285.

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In this paper, we report on achieving the hybridization effect in a Mie-based dielectric metamolecule and provide its physically intuitive picture. Hybridization results in the splitting of the initial overlapping resonance dips, thus leading to two new collective resonance modes. It was observed via the simulated displacement field distribution that the two modes behave as the in-phase and out-of-phase oscillation of two meta-atoms, thus enhancing and suppressing the intensity of the electric field at the gap between two meta-atoms. Moreover, since the two hybridized modes are caused by the interaction effect, the intensities of the electric field can be adjusted by several external factors, like applied forces and temperature. Taking advantage of this easy-equipped dielectric meta-device, certain zones in it can be applied to receive amplified signals and shielded noises of different frequencies in microwave communication fields. Moreover, due to the function of enhancing electric field intensities, it is also promising in wireless charging technology.

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Biryukov, S. V., L. V. Tyukina y A. V. Tyukin. "Dual spherical intensity sensors for new generation lowfrequency electric fields". Omsk Scientific Bulletin, n.º 179 (2021): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/1813-8225-2021-179-62-67.

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These electric fields adversely affect the environment, technical and biological objects. In this regard, it is necessary to control the levels of electric fields, an important characteristic of which is the strength of the electric field. Sensors of the electric field strength are required to sense the electric field. The existing sensors are inconvenient in operation and have a high error in the perception of the electric field strength, reaching  20 %. In the work under consideration, the idea of creating a universal sensor of a new type, related to the type of dual sensors, is put forward. Its versatility lies in the fact that it embodies all types of known sensors — single, double, and now twin. The error in the perception of the intensity of the inhomogeneous electric field of the dual sensors does not exceed + 5 % in the entire spatial measurement range 0a1. In this case, the distance d to the field source is limited only by the radius of the spherical base of the sensor, i.e. d  R. At the same time, for sensors that are part of a dual sensor in the same spatial measurement range, the error is  35 %. Using a dual sensor, it is possible to achieve a significant increase in the accuracy of measuring the strength of inhomogeneous electric fields in a wide spatial measurement range in comparison with known sensors.

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Liu, Shu Hong, Z. Z. Zou, B. Q. Xu y Z. G. Zhang. "Anti-Plane Interface Edge Crack between Two Dissimilar Piezoelectric Blocks". Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (abril de 2004): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.471.

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The problem of an interface edge crack between two dissimilar piezoelectric materials is analyzed under the conditions of anti-plane shear and in-plane electrical loading. The crack is considered to be traction-free, but electric permeable one across which the normal component of the electric displacement are continuous. A series form of electromechanical solution and field intensity factors are obtained. The results show that all fields including strain, stress, electric field strength and electric displacement are singular in the front of crack tip. At last, the stress intensity factor is solved by the boundary collocation method (BCM), numerical results are given and discussed.

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Lou, Ching-Wen, Ying-Huei Shih, Chen-Hung Huang, Shu-An Lee, Yueh-Sheng Chen y Jia-Horng Lin. "Filtration Efficiency of Electret Air Filters Reinforced by Titanium Dioxide". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 8 (13 de abril de 2020): 2686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082686.

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In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2), a mineral with a potential and supercapacitor, is used as the reinforcing material to improve the filtration efficacy of electret melt-blown fabrics. Next, the electret melt-blown fabrics are evaluated in terms of surface voltage and filtration efficiency, thereby examining the influences of the TiO2 ratio and electric field intensity. The test results indicate that the filtration efficiency is proportional to the ratio of TiO2 and electric field intensity. In particular, with a TiO2 ratio of 3 wt% and an electric field intensity of 2.5 kV/cm, the electret melt-blown fabrics demonstrate a maximal filtration efficiency of 96.32%, a lowest pressure drop of 40 Pa, and an optimal quality factor of 0.083 Pa−1.

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Zhang, Cheng Guang, Fei Hu Zhang y Yong Zhang. "Simulation on Anode Electric Field Intensity about Electrochemical Jet Machining". Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (diciembre de 2011): 2046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.2046.

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The theory of electrochemical jet machining was introduced, and effect of different parameters on anodic electric field intensity is finite element analyzed by ANSYS software. The Simulation results show that, the electric field shares the same distribution under different electrolysis voltage, which generally contains three parts, uniform distribution area, gradually weakened area, scattered area. In the uniform distribution area, electric field shows comparative uniformity. The anode electric field generated by different jet distance is also obvious distribution areas, the electric field intensity shows decreasing trend. Electric field intensity is found to have a close relationship with electro jet nozzle diameter, in which a faster jet velocity would bring more concentrated distribution of the electric field as well as a smaller size of electric field.

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Gao, You Hua, Fei Liu y You Feng Gao. "Influence on Electric Field Distribution of GIS Basin Insulator for Insulated Material Epoxy Resin with Different Mean Molecular Weights". Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (octubre de 2011): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.19.

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The insulation material epoxy resin mean molecular weight to its solidification electrical performance influence is discussed. In view of the bisphenol A epoxy resin with different mean molecular weights, Finite Element Method (FEM) are introduced and electric field calculation equations are established to calculate the field distribution of basin insulator and its around region in GIS. Representative potential distribution curves are shown. The tangential and normal electric filed intensity maximum of basin insulator is calculated. The positions of electric field intensity maximum are also given.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Electric field intensity"

Goulart, Jair Trapé 1987. "Vulnerabilidade de miócitos cardíacos a campos elétricos de alta intensidade = influência da estimulação beta-adrenérgica = The lethal effect of high-intensity electric fields on cardiac myocytes: influence of the beta-adrenergic pathway". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259400.

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Orientadores: José Wilson Magalhães Bassani, Rosana Almada Bassani
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T23:57:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goulart_JairTrape_M.pdf: 1965789 bytes, checksum: 94fe3a318201b7addef8365fbeea0f40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: A aplicação de campos elétricos de alta intensidade (CEAI) no coração é realizada frequentemente durante tentativas de reversão da fibrilação, e para gerar sincronismo cardíaco com o uso de marca-passos. Entretanto, este procedimento rotineiro pode causar danos ao miocárdio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar se a estimulação ?-adrenérgica afeta a vulnerabilidade de miócitos ventriculares ao CEAI, uma vez que, durante a fibrilação ventricular, há aumento reflexo do tônus simpático, em virtude da consequente hipotensão arterial, e a administração de catecolaminas é um procedimento comum neste tipo de emergência. Miócitos foram isolados do ventrículo esquerdo de ratos Wistar adultos por digestão enzimática. As células foram perfundidas com solução de Tyrode a 23 °C e estimuladas a 0,5 Hz. Aplicou-se CEAI em intensidades crescentes até que fosse induzida uma lesão letal na célula. A probabilidade de morte celular foi determinada em função da amplitude do CEIA e da máxima variação estimada do potencial de membrana (?Vmax) por análise de sobrevivência (curva de letalidade). Destas curvas, obteve-se o parâmetro EL50 (valor de CEAI ou ?Vmax com probabilidade de letalidade de 0,5). A estimulação ?-adrenérgica, pela perfusão com 10 nM de isoproterenol (ISO), foi realizada na ausência e presença de 150 nM de metoprolol (MET, bloqueador de adrenoceptores ?1), 10 ?M de H-89 (inibidor de PKA) e 500 nM de BIS I (inibidor de PKC), bem como após protocolo para minimizar o aumento de mobilização celular de Ca2+. As curvas foram comparadas por teste de Mantel-Cox. O tratamento com ISO promoveu o deslocamento da curva para a direita (p < 0,01) e EL50 aumentou de 85 para 100 V/cm. MET e H-89 aboliram o efeito protetor do ISO, e, quando perfundidos na ausência de ISO, não tiveram quaisquer efeitos sobre a indução de letalidade por CEAI. A redução da mobilização de Ca2+ e o tratamento com BIS I não alteraram as curvas de letalidade, na presença ou ausência de ISO, mas provocaram significante aumento no tempo de recuperação das células após um choque não letal. As curvas em função de ?Vmax foram similares àquelas em função da intensidade do campo. Os resultados mostram que a estimulação ?-adrenérgica é capaz de proteger os miócitos dos efeitos deletérios do CEAI, permitindo que a célula suporte maiores ?Vmax. A proteção parece ser mediada por adrenoceptores ?1 e PKA, e possivelmente envolve ativação de mecanismos de reparo. Estas vias de proteção podem ser futuramente exploradas para atenuar os danos miocárdicos causados pela desfibrilação/cardioversão
Abstract: The myocardium is exposed to high-intensity electric fields (HIEF) during cardiac electric defibrillation, which may reverse life-threatening arrhythmias, but also cause cell damage. Impairment of cardiac pumping during ventricular fibrillation is usually associated with high sympathetic tone, and catecholamine infusion is a common procedure for the emergencial treatment of this arrhyhmia. The present study was carried out to investigate whether adrenergic stimulation affects the vulnerability of ventricular myocytes to the lethal effect of HIEF. Left ventricular myocytes were isolated from adult Wistar rat hearts by collagenase digestion. Under perfusion with Tyrode's solution at 23 ºC, cyclic contractile activity was evoked by stimulation at 0.5 Hz. A HIEF pulse was then applied, after which cells were allowed to rest and recover from the shock. Afterward, the protocol was repeated increasing HIEF amplitude until cell death ensued. The probability of cell death as a function of the field intensity or the estimated maximum change in membrane potential, ?Vmax (lethality curve) was determined by survival analysis. The protocol was carried out during exposure to 10 nM isoproternol (ISO), in the absence and presence of the ?1-adrenoceptor blocker metoprolol (MET, 150 nM), the PKA inhibitor H-89 (10 ?M), the PKC inhibitor BIS I (500 nM), or after a protocol designed to attenuate the increase in cell Ca2+ mobilization by ISO. Lethality curves were compared with the Mantel-Cox test. Exposure to ISO produced a marked rightward shift of the lethality curves (p< 0.01), and the field intensity associated with the cell death probability of 0.5 (EL50) was increased from 85 to 100 V/cm. Treatment with MET or H-89 alone did not significantly affect the curves, but completely abolished ISO protective effect. Decreasing Ca2+ mobilization and BIS I treatment did not produce significant effects on the lethality curves, either in the absence or presence of ISO, but they increased the time spent to cell recovery after a non-lethal shock. Similar results were obtained for the lethality curve as a function of ?Vmax. Therefore, ?-adrenergic stimulation confers protection to ventricular myocytes from the lethal effects of HIEF, even though cells apparently experience higher variations of ?Vmax, which should lead to extensive electroporation. This effect, which seems to be mediated by ?1-adrenoceptors and dependent on PKA activation, possibly involving recruitment of membrane repair mechanisms. This protective effect may be further explored as a means to attenuate HIEF deleterious effects on cardiac function that frequently result from electric defibrillation/cardioversion
Mestrado
Engenharia Biomedica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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Hermany, Jiří. "Záření soustav antén v blízké zóně". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217536.

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The aim of my diploma thesis is to analyze the antenna array radiation and to produce the antenna array radiation computation program. The program should display the electric and magnetic intensity and radiation power density distribution over the planar or cylindrical surface in the near-field area. The antenna array analyzed in this paper consists of a number of elementary dipoles placed in a row with a reflector which represents the conductive board situated in parallel to the row of dipoles. The demonstration program was built in MATLAB and allows computing and displaying the computed values components of antenna array radiation on the planar or the cylindrical surface. The program also allows saving computed values, saving displayed graphs, or saving the adjusted parameters of antenna array. The created program can be used for the presentation of the antenna array radiation in a school laboratory or for the graphical representation when a new antenna is designed.

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Ткаленко, Р. Г. "Чисельне моделювання аксіально-симетричних електронних потоків у НВЧ приладах типу ЛБХ". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/73319.

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Harvey, Christopher. "Electron dynamics in high-intensity laser fields". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/301.

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We consider electron dynamics in strong electromagnetic fields, such as those expected from the next generation of high-intensity laser facilities. Beginning with a review of constant classical fields, we demonstrate that the electron motion (as given by the Lorentz force equation) can be divided into one of four Lorentz invariant cases. Parameterising the field tensor in terms of a null tetrad, we calculate the radiative energy spectrum for an electron in crossed fields. Progressing to an infinite plane wave, we demonstrate how the electron orbit in the average rest frame changes from figure-of-eight to circular as the polarisation changes from linear to circular. To move beyond a plane wave one must resort to numerics. We therefore present a novel numerical formulation for solving the Lorentz equation. Our scheme is manifestly covariant and valid for arbitrary electromagnetic field configurations. Finally, we reconsider the case of an infinite plane wave from a strong field QED perspective. At high intensities we predict a substantial redshift of the usual kinematic Compton edge of the photon emission spectrum, caused by the large, intensity dependent effective mass of the electrons inside the laser beam. In addition, we find that the notion of a centre-of-mass frame for a given harmonic becomes intensity dependent.

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Jennings, Jessica Amber. "Regulation of gene expression in response to continuous low Intensity direct current electrical fields". Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/jennings.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007.
Additional advisors: Susan Bellis, Vladimir Fast, Chi-Tsou Huang, Donald Muccio. Description based on contents viewed June 23, 2009; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

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Hangya, Josef. "Účinky elektrického namáhání na vlastnosti elektroizolačních materiálů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220958.

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Diploma thesis treat of effect of direct, alternate and pulse electrical stress on the properties surveyed electrical insulating material. Object of this experiment is crystalline high-density polystyrene QUINN PS. To monitor the stress is used the method of dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. Under examinations are the resultant dielectric spectra, which constitute the frequency dependencies of components of complex permitivity. Samples of the selected material are exposed to effects of alternate and pulse electrical stress on the different intensities of the electric field. In the direct field are then monitored absorption characteristics and specific volume resistance of the samples.

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Sánchez, Vega Rogelio. "Effects of high-intensity pulsed electric fields on the bioactive compounds stability and enzymes of broccoli juice". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/383050.

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This thesis doctoral was focused on evaluating the influence of HIPEF-processing parameters (electric field strength, treatment time and polarity) on bioactive compounds (chlorophylls, carotenoids, vitamin C and total phenolic compounds), minerals, amino acids and enzymes (myrosinase, polyphenol oxidase and lipoxygenase) of broccoli juice. Results of HIPEF-processed broccoli juice were compared with those of thermally treated (90 °C/60 s) and untreated juices. The HIPEF processing parameters significantly influenced the relative content (RC) of lutein, β-carotene, total phenolics (TP), vitamin C, minerals and amino acids, relative antioxidant capacity, as well as the RC of chlorophylls degradation compounds, the enzymes chlorophyllase, polyphenol oxidase, lipoxygenase and color difference (ΔE). However, polarity did not exert influence neither on Chl a, Chl b nor on ΔE. HIPEF-treated broccoli juice exhibited superior content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, TP, vitamin C, minerals, amino acids, and antioxidant capacity than those thermally treated or untreated juice. Also, the highest ΔE (7.89) was observed in the broccoli juice processed by heat.
La presente tesis doctoral se centro en evaluar la influencia de los paramétros de procesamiento de HIPEF (intensidad de campo eléctrico, tiempo de tratamiento y polaridad) sobre los compuestos bioactivos (clorofilas, carotenoides, vitamina C y compuestos fenólicos totales), minerales, aminoácidos y enzimas (mirosinasa, polifenol oxidasa y lipoxigenasa) de zumo de brócoli. Los resultados del zumo de brócoli procesado con HIPEF fueron comparados con aquellos del zumo tratado térmicamente (90 °C/60 s) y del zumo sin procesar. Las parámetros de procesamiento con HIPEF influyó significativamente sobre el contenido relativo (RC) de luteína, β-caroteno, fenoles totales (TP), vitamina C, minerales y aminoácidos, capacidad antioxidante relativa, así como el RC de compuestos de degradación de clorofila, las enzimas clorofilasa, polifenol oxidasa, lipoxigenasa y diferencia de color (ΔE). Sin embargo, la polaridad no tuvo influencia sobre Chl a, Chl b ni sobre ΔE. El zumo de brócoli tratado con HIPEF mostró un mayor contenido de clorofilas, carotenoides, TP, vitamina C, minerales, aminoácids, y capacidad antioxidante que aquellos procesados térmicamente y sin tratar. Además, la ΔE más elevada (7.89) fue observada en el zumo de brócoli procesado con calor.
La present tesi doctoral es va centrar en avaluar la influència dels paràmetres de processament de HIPEF (intensitat de camp elèctric, temps de tractament i polaritat) sobre els compostos bioactius (clorofil•les, carotenoides, vitamina C i compostos fenòlics totals), minerals, aminoàcids i enzims (mirosinasa, polifenol oxidasa i lipoxigenasa) de suc de bròquil. Els resultats del suc de bròquil processat amb HIPEF van ser comparats amb aquells del suc tractat tèrmicament (90 °C/60 s) i del suc sense processar. Les paràmetres de processament amb HIPEF va influir significativament sobre el contingut relatiu (RC) de luteïna, β-carotè, fenols totals (TP), vitamina C, minerals i aminoàcids, capacitat antioxidant relativa, així com el RC de compostos de degradació de clorofil•la, els enzims clorofilasa, polifenol oxidasa, lipoxigenasa i diferència de color (ΔE). No obstant això, la polaritat no va tenir influència sobre Chl a, Chl b ni sobre ΔE. El suc de bròquil tractat amb HIPEF va mostrar un major contingut de clorofil•les, carotenoides, TP, vitamina C, minerals, aminoácids, i capacitat antioxidant que aquells processats tèrmicament i sense tractar. A més, la ΔE més elevada (7.89) va ser observada en el suc de bròquil processat amb calor.

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Cameron, Douglas Gordon. "Studies on the use of high intensity pulsed electric fields for the inactivation of problematic food-borne microorganisms". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401574.

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Morozionkov, Jevgenij. "Pramoninio dažnio elektromagnetinių laukų tyrimas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060613_110343-33965.

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Literary review, according to theoretical and experimental researches, it was noticed that electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency influence the human and environment. Power force of low frequentative electromagnetic beaming is little. However electromagnetic beams of these low frequentative domains have clearly expressed electrical and magnetic fields which affect the separate parts of human body. The most sensitive parts to the effect of electromagnetic fields are the nervous system and the neuroendocrine system. The biggest sources of electromagnetic fields are the domestic appliances, the installations of electricity transmission, transference and the distributing installations in residential and working places. Electromagnetic fields are generated with electric installations and spread in space by 1/r3; 1/r2 and 1/r law. It is typical of the value change of electric and magnetic fields. Parameter value of electromagnetic fields is solved with electricity installations tension, stream and the location of analyzed point in point of installations. Summing up the wide energetic net of our country, the fact of usable electric installations (which create electromagnetic fields in residential and working places) assume the marked social signification, there is posed the opportunity to forecast the available values of low electromagnetic fields effect, and to forecast means to remove it.

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Almousa, Almaksour Khaled. "Etude de l’émission cathodique sous vide en présence d'un champ électrique intense et des paramètres physiques gouvernant son intensité". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112017/document.

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L’émission électronique par effet de champ est un domaine qui concerne de nombreuses applications techniques. Dans ce travail, nous avons réalisé une étude essentiellement expérimentale des différents paramètres susceptibles d’avoir une influence sur l’émission électronique. En première partie, nous exposons les résultats obtenus pour un champ électrique homogène correspondant aux faibles intensités de courant. Le rôle de la distance inter-électrodes à champ constant et l’influence de la rugosité de surface sur l’émission électronique ont été étudiés. Nous discutons la méthode classique de Fowler-Nordheim utilisée pour le dépouillement des mesures en y portant un regard critique. Un modèle simple visant à prendre en compte l’échauffement des sites émetteurs est proposé. La seconde partie concerne l’effet de l’injection de gaz sur l’émission électronique, effet qui se traduit par une diminution du courant émis quand on augmente la pression de 10⁻⁶ Pa à 10⁻² Pa à champ macroscopique constant. Nous exposons des résultats montrant un effet de seuil concernant l’apparition de l’effet du gaz sur l’émission électronique. Nous présentons également des résultats pour différents matériaux de cathode et pour différents gaz (He, H₂, N₂, Ar). Une réversibilité de cet effet est montrée après le pompage pour redescendre à 10⁻⁵ Pa. La décroissance de courant par effet de gaz est interprétée par la diminution de la valeur du facteur d’accroissement local du champ électrique (β) au niveau des émetteurs à cause du bombardement de ces sites par les ions créés à leur proximité. Un calcul du flux d’ions bombardant un site émissif a permis d’estimer le temps nécessaire pour modifier un émetteur de façon cohérente avec les observations expérimentales. La théorie de la migration des atomes en surface de l’électrode en présence d’un champ électrique est proposée pour expliquer la réversibilité de l’effet de gaz observée qui est, selon cette théorie, liée à l’augmentation de la valeur de β au niveau des émetteurs
Field electronic emission is a domain which concerns numerous different technical applications. In this work, we have taken an essentially experimental approach to study various parameters having influence on field emission. In the first part of the thesis, we have described the results obtained with a homogeneous electric field with relatively weak field emission. The role of the inter-electrode distance at constants field as well as that of the cathode surface roughness on field emission are studied. The classical method of Fowler-Norheim was then used for the analysis of the measurements. A simple model aiming to take into account the effect of the heating of the emission sites is then proposed. The second part of the theses concerns the effect of the injection of gas on the field emission; this effect being to significantly reduce emission intensity when the gas pressure is raised from 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻² Pa at constant field. A threshold value of emission intensity is shown to be necessary for the observation of this gas effect. The effect of different gas types (He, H₂, N₂, Ar) and cathode materials are also described. The gas effect is shown to be reversible upon lowering of the gas pressure to 10⁻⁵ Pa. The reduction in current is interpreted by a lowering of the field enhancement factor (β) of emission sites by ionic bombardment by ions created locally (within distances on the order of microns) near the cathode surface. A calculation of the flux of bombarding ions is used to estimate the time necessary to modify an emission site in a way corresponding to the observations. The phenomenon of surface migration in the presence of intense electric field is then proposed to explain the reversibility of the gas effect, increasing the local field enhancement factor

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Libros sobre el tema "Electric field intensity"

Watson, MD, MPH, R. Scott y Ann Thompson, MD, MHCPM, eds. Pediatric Intensive Care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918027.001.0001.

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Pediatric Intensive Care offers providers of critical care to children, from trainees to experienced clinicians, a concise, easy-to-carry resource on pediatric critical care medicine. It is designed for frequent and quick reference at the bedside, providing solutions to questions and situations encountered in practice. The 20 chapters are written by authorities in the field and include citations of some of the most essential references for further reading on each topic. The chapters cover key elements of the practice of pediatric critical care medicine, from cardiopulmonary resuscitation, monitoring, and procedures to extracorporeal life support, sedation and analgesia, and end of life care. Etiology and treatment of all types of organ failure are presented, as are chapters on toxicological emergencies/poisoning, critical care pharmacology, trauma, and burns. The book is sized to fit in a pocket, includes access to electronic, web-based content, and contains focused text, bulleted lists, tables, and figures. The book facilitates the delivery of critical care by residents, fellows, generalists in settings where critical care expertise is not readily available, and practicing intensivists.

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Glazov, M. M. Fluctuations of Electron and Nuclear Spins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807308.003.0010.

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In thermal equilibrium, both electron and nuclear spin systems are unpolarized on average, but characterized by nonzero fluctuations. These fluctuations are inevitable due to the quantum-mechanical nature of spin. The physics of spin fluctuations in electron and nucelar systems is studied in this chapter. The intensity and dynamics of these inevitable stochastic fluctuations of spins contain information on spin relaxation and decoherence times, spin precession period, and interactions in spin systems. The theory of spin fluctuations in semiconductor nanosystems as well as experimental advances in the field of spin noise spectroscopy are reviewed. Specific situations where the spin noise spectroscopy can be particularly useful for spin dynamics studies are discussed, the analysis of recent progress in the field of nonequlibrium spin fluctuations is also presented.

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A study of occurrence rates of electromagnetic interference (EMI) to aircraft with a focus on HIRF (External) high intensity radiated fields. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1994.

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M, Jopling C. y ERA Technology Ltd. Conferences and Technical Services Division., eds. Aircraft and high intensity radiated fields--an update on the significant developments: Conference proceedings, 20-21 January 1992, London. Leatherhead, Surrey, England: ERA Technology, 1992.

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Peet, Deborah J., Patrick Horton, Colin J. Martin y David G. Sutton. Radiotherapy: external beam radiotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0019.

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Design principles for radiotherapy facilities using X-ray, γ‎-ray, and electron beams are described, especially the requirements for primary and secondary shielding and maze and door entrances. These features are illustrated with reference to the shielded rooms (bunkers) required for linear accelerators, and example calculations are included for shielding and maze design to achieve required dose constraints. The impact of new clinical practices with intensity modulated radiation fields and flattening filter-free operation is also considered. Engineering controls and features for safe operation are described, and good practice in bunker construction and the provision of services to avoid weaknesses in the shielding is outlined. The principle shielding requirements for TomoTherapyTM, CyberKnifeTM, Gamma KnifeTM units, and kilovoltage X-ray units are also described. Finally, personnel monitoring, commissioning surveys, and environmental monitoring in radiation protection management in radiotherapy are discussed. Data for calculating shielding thickness and X-ray scatter for maze design are provided.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Electric field intensity"

Gooch, Jan W. "Electric Field Intensity". En Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 259. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_4268.

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Weik, Martin H. "electric field intensity". En Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 487. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_5890.

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Choroszucho, Agnieszka y Adam Steckiewicz. "Numerical Analysis of the Building Materials Electrical Properties Influence on the Electric Field Intensity". En Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 99–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19501-4_10.

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Wang, L., J. H. Xu, L. H. Yu y S. T. Dong. "Effect of Electric Field Intensity on Atom Diffusion in Cu/Ta/Si Stacks". En TMS2015 Supplemental Proceedings, 575–81. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093466.ch72.

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Wang, L., J. H. Xu, L. H. Yu y S. T. Dong. "Effect of Electric Field Intensity on Atom Diffusion in Cu/Ta/Si Stacks". En TMS 2015 144th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, 575–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48127-2_72.

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Bowlan, Pamela, Ulrike Fuchs, Pablo Gabolde, Rick Trebino y Uwe D. Zeitner. "Intensity and phase measurements of the spatiotemporal electric field of focusing ultrashort pulses". En Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 917–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95946-5_297.

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Goulding, David, Thomas Butler, Bryan Kelleher, Svetlana Slepneva, Stephen P. Hegarty y Guillaume Huyet. "Visualisation of the Intensity and Phase Dynamics of Semiconductor Lasers via Electric Field Reconstructions". En Springer Proceedings in Physics, 3–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24871-4_1.

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Zhu, Zhijie, Jianjun Yang, Nana Duan, Jingyi Li, Shuhong Wang, Hongke Li y Xuehuan Wang. "Research on the Influence of AC Cable Lines on the Electric Field Intensity of Parallel DC Cable Lines". En Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 923–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1528-4_95.

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Feldhaus, J. y B. Sonntag. "Free-Electron Lasers – High-Intensity X-Ray Sources". En Strong Field Laser Physics, 91–107. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34755-4_5.

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Loeffler, Markus J. "Generation and Application of High Intensity Pulsed Electric Fields". En Pulsed Electric Fields Technology for the Food Industry, 27–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-31122-7_2.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Electric field intensity"

Pustelny, Tadeusz. "Photoelectroluminescent electric field intensity sensor". En Photonics West '97, editado por Mark P. Andrews. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.264198.

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Pustelny, Tadeusz y Barbara M. Pustelny. "Optical fiber electric field intensity sensor". En Optoelectronic and Electronic Sensors IV, editado por Jerzy Fraczek. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.435925.

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Serrat, Carles y Jens Biegert. "High-Order Harmonics Tunable Enhancement by a DC-Electric Field". En High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2011.hthb3.

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Sansone, Giuseppe, Paolo Carpeggiani, Maurizio Reduzzi, Antoine Comby, Hamed Ahmadi, Sergei Kuehn, Francesca Calegari et al. "Attosecond spatial interferometry for complete three-dimensional electric field reconstruction". En High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2018.hm2a.2.

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Ermolenko, Artem V. y Sergey V. Biryukov. "Calculation of elliptical polarization electric field intensity". En 2014 Dynamics of Systems, Mechanisms and Machines (Dynamics). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dynamics.2014.7005650.

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Junginger, Friederike, Alexander Sell, Olaf Schubert, Bernhard Mayer, Daniele Brida, Marco Marangoni, Giulio Cerullo et al. "Intense terahertz fields: electric and magnetic nonlinearities on the sub-cycle scale". En High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2011.hfb1.

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Feng, Tianli, Nils Raabe, Pascal Rustige y Gunter Steinmeyer. "Electric-field induced second-harmonic generation in atmospheric air with quasi-phase matching". En High Intensity Lasers and High Field Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hilas.2018.hw3d.6.

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Anderson, David A. y Georg Raithel. "High-Intensity Electric Field Measurements with Rydberg Vapors". En 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2018.8501180.

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Pustelny, Tadeusz y Barbara M. Pustelny. "Electroluminescent fiber optic sensor of electric field intensity". En Optoelectronic and Electronic Sensors II, editado por Zdzislaw Jankiewicz y Henryk Madura. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266707.

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Kulce, Onur y Levent Onural. "Phase Retrieval from Electric Field Intensity for Wide Angle Optical Fields". En Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cosi.2017.ctu1b.4.

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Informes sobre el tema "Electric field intensity"

BARKHATOV, NIKOLAY y SERGEY REVUNOV. A software-computational neural network tool for predicting the electromagnetic state of the polar magnetosphere, taking into account the process that simulates its slow loading by the kinetic energy of the solar wind. SIB-Expertise, diciembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0519.07122021.

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The auroral activity indices AU, AL, AE, introduced into geophysics at the beginning of the space era, although they have certain drawbacks, are still widely used to monitor geomagnetic activity at high latitudes. The AU index reflects the intensity of the eastern electric jet, while the AL index is determined by the intensity of the western electric jet. There are many regression relationships linking the indices of magnetic activity with a wide range of phenomena observed in the Earth's magnetosphere and atmosphere. These relationships determine the importance of monitoring and predicting geomagnetic activity for research in various areas of solar-terrestrial physics. The most dramatic phenomena in the magnetosphere and high-latitude ionosphere occur during periods of magnetospheric substorms, a sensitive indicator of which is the time variation and value of the AL index. Currently, AL index forecasting is carried out by various methods using both dynamic systems and artificial intelligence. Forecasting is based on the close relationship between the state of the magnetosphere and the parameters of the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). This application proposes an algorithm for describing the process of substorm formation using an instrument in the form of an Elman-type ANN by reconstructing the AL index using the dynamics of the new integral parameter we introduced. The use of an integral parameter at the input of the ANN makes it possible to simulate the structure and intellectual properties of the biological nervous system, since in this way an additional realization of the memory of the prehistory of the modeled process is provided.

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Tyo, J. S. y Deborah G. Evans. Non-Thermal, Non-Ionizing Interaction of High-Intensity Electromagnetic Fields with Small-Scale Electronic and Biological Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441363.

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Pelletier, Austin, Amanda Hohner, Idil Deniz Akin, Indranil Chowdhury, Richard Watts, Xianming Shi, Brendan Dutmer y James Mueller. Bench-scale Electrochemical Treatment of Co-contaminated Clayey Soil. Illinois Center for Transportation, junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-018.

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Industrial soil contamination is frequently unearthed by transportation agencies during construction within the right-of-way. As a result, transportation agencies may experience construction delays. Soils co-contaminated with high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) and metals are commonly encountered in Illinois and exhibit recalcitrance towards conventional treatment technologies. This issue is exacerbated in the fine-grained soils common to Illinois, where low-permeability and immense sorption capacity increase treatment complexity, cost, and duration. Contaminated sites are spatially and temporally restrictive and require rapid in situ treatments, whereas conventional soil remediation requires 1 to 3 years on average. Consequently, transportation agencies typically pursue excavation and off-site disposal for expediency. However, this solution is expensive, so a comparatively expeditious and affordable treatment alternative is needed to combat the increasing cost of hazardous waste disposal. The objective of this work was to develop an accelerated in situ treatment approach adaptable for use at any construction site to cost-effectively remove HMW-PAHs and metals from clayey soil. It was hypothesized that an in situ electrochemical treatment which augments electrokinetics with H2O2 could remediate both HMW-PAHs and metals in less than a month. Bench-scale reactors resemblant of field-scale in situ electrokinetic systems were designed and fabricated to assess the electrochemical treatment of clayey soils contaminated with HMW-PAHs and metals. Pyrene, chromium, and manganese were used as model contaminants, spiked into kaolinite as a model clay. Electrokinetics were imposed by a low-intensity electrical field distributed by graphite rods. Electrolytic H2O2 systems were leveraged to distribute electrical current and facilitate contaminant removal. Average contaminant removals of 100%, 42.3%, and 4.5% were achieved for pyrene, manganese, and chromium, respectively. Successful development of this bench-scale treatment approach will serve to guide transportation agencies in field-scale implementation. The results from this work signify that electrochemical systems that leverage eco-friendly oxidant addition can replace excavation and disposal as a means of addressing clayey soils co-contaminated with HMW-PAHs and metals.

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Akinleye, Taiwo, Idil Deniz Akin, Amanda Hohner, Indranil Chowdhury, Richards Watts, Xianming Shi, Brendan Dutmer, James Mueller y Will Moody. Evaluation of Electrochemical Treatment for Removal of Arsenic and Manganese from Field Soil. Illinois Center for Transportation, junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-019.

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Soils containing inorganic compounds are frequently encountered by transportation agencies during construction within the right-of-way, and they pose a threat to human health and the environment. As a result, construction activities may experience project delays and increased costs associated with management of inorganic compounds containing soils required to meet environmental regulations. Recalcitrance of metal-contaminated soils toward conventional treatment technologies is exacerbated in clay or organic content-rich fine-grained soils with low permeability and high sorption capacity because of increased treatment complexity, cost, and duration. The objective of this study was to develop an accelerated in situ electrochemical treatment approach to extract inorganic compounds from fine-grained soils, with the treatment time comparable to excavation and off-site disposal. Three reactor experiments were conducted on samples collected from two borehole locations from a field site in Illinois that contained arsenic (As)(~7.4 mg/kg) and manganese (Mn)(~700 mg/kg). A combination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and/or citrate buffer solution was used to treat the soils. A low-intensity electrical field was applied to soil samples using a bench-scale reactor that resembles field-scale in situ electrochemical systems. For the treatment using 10% H2O2 and citrate buffer solution, average removal of 23% and 8% were achieved for Mn and As, respectively. With 4% H2O2 and citrate buffer, 39% and 24% removal were achieved for Mn and As; while using only citrate buffer as the electrolyte, 49% and 9% removal were achieved for Mn and As, respectively. All chemical regimes adopted in this study reduced the inorganic compound concentrations to below the maximum allowable concentration for Illinois as specified by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. The results from this work indicate that electrochemical systems that leverage low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and citrate buffer can be effective for remediating soils containing manganese and arsenic.

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Morin, Shai, Gregory Walker, Linda Walling y Asaph Aharoni. Identifying Arabidopsis thaliana Defense Genes to Phloem-feeding Insects. United States Department of Agriculture, febrero de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699836.bard.

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The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a serious agricultural pest that afflicts a wide variety of ornamental and vegetable crop species. To enable survival on a great diversity of host plants, whiteflies must have the ability to avoid or detoxify numerous different plant defensive chemicals. Such toxins include a group of insect-deterrent molecules called glucosinolates (GSs), which also provide the pungent taste of Brassica vegetables such as radish and cabbage. In our BARD grant, we used the whitefly B. tabaci and Arabidopsis (a Brassica plant model) defense mutants and transgenic lines, to gain comprehensive understanding both on plant defense pathways against whiteflies and whitefly defense strategies against plants. Our major focus was on GSs. We produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants accumulating high levels of GSs. At the first step, we examined how exposure to high levels of GSs affects decision making and performance of whiteflies when provided plants with normal levels or high levels of GSs. Our major conclusions can be divided into three: (I) exposure to plants accumulating high levels of GSs, negatively affected the performance of both whitefly adult females and immature; (II) whitefly adult females are likely to be capable of sensing different levels of GSs in their host plants and are able to choose, for oviposition, the host plant on which their offspring survive and develop better (preference-performance relationship); (III) the dual presence of plants with normal levels and high levels of GSs, confused whitefly adult females, and led to difficulties in making a choice between the different host plants. These findings have an applicative perspective. Whiteflies are known as a serious pest of Brassica cropping systems. If the differences found here on adjacent small plants translate to field situations, intercropping with closely-related Brassica cultivars could negatively influence whitefly population build-up. At the second step, we characterized the defensive mechanisms whiteflies use to detoxify GSs and other plant toxins. We identified five detoxification genes, which can be considered as putative "key" general induced detoxifiers because their expression-levels responded to several unrelated plant toxic compounds. This knowledge is currently used (using new funding) to develop a new technology that will allow the production of pestresistant crops capable of protecting themselves from whiteflies by silencing insect detoxification genes without which successful host utilization can not occur. Finally, we made an effort to identify defense genes that deter whitefly performance, by infesting with whiteflies, wild-type and defense mutated Arabidopsis plants. The infested plants were used to construct deep-sequencing expression libraries. The 30- 50 million sequence reads per library, provide an unbiased and quantitative assessment of gene expression and contain sequences from both Arabidopsis and whiteflies. Therefore, the libraries give us sequence data that can be mined for both the plant and insect gene expression responses. An intensive analysis of these datasets is underway. We also conducted electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings of whiteflies feeding on Arabidopsis wild-type and defense mutant plants in order to determine the time-point and feeding behavior in which plant-defense genes are expressed. We are in the process of analyzing the recordings and calculating 125 feeding behavior parameters for each whitefly. From the analyses conducted so far we conclude that the Arabidopsis defense mutants do not affect adult feeding behavior in the same manner that they affect immatures development. Analysis of the immatures feeding behavior is not yet completed, but if it shows the same disconnect between feeding behavior data and developmental rate data, we would conclude that the differences in the defense mutants are due to a qualitative effect based on the chemical constituency of the phloem sap.

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